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94 relations: Adaptive immune system, Allele, Amino acid, Ankylosing spondylitis, Anthony Nolan, Antibody, Antigen, Antigen-presenting cell, Autoimmune disease, Autoimmune hepatitis, B cell, Balancing selection, Base pair, Beta-2 microglobulin, CD4, CD8, Cell (biology), Chromosome 15, Chromosome 6, Coeliac disease, Complement system, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, CRC Press, Critical Reviews in Immunology, Cytotoxic T cell, Diabetes mellitus type 1, European Bioinformatics Institute, Gene conversion, Genetic matchmaking, HCP5, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, History and naming of human leukocyte antigens, HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2, HLA Informatics Group, HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-B27, HLA-B47, HLA-C, HLA-DM, HLA-DO, HLA-DP, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQ, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8, HLA-DQB1, HLA-DR, HLA-DR2, HLA-DR3, ..., HLA-DR4, HLA-DRB1, HLA-DRB3 (gene), HLA-DRB4, HLA-DRB5, HLA-E, HLA-F, HLA-G, Immune system, Inclusion body myositis, List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions, Locus (genetics), Major histocompatibility complex, Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, Membrane protein, MHC class I, MHC class II, MHC restriction, Myasthenia gravis, Narcolepsy, Pathogen, Penguin Books, Peptide, Phagocytosis, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Polymer, Polymerase chain reaction, Polymorphism (biology), Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, Proteasome, Protein, Reactive arthritis, Regulatory T cell, Relative risk, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sequence feature variant type, Serotype, Sjögren syndrome, Supergene, Systemic lupus erythematosus, T helper cell, Transplant rejection, Uveitis. Expand index (44 more) »
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.
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Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Ankylosing spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis in which there is long term inflammation of the joints of the spine.
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Anthony Nolan
Anthony Nolan is a UK charity that works in the areas of leukaemia and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Antibody
An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large, Y-shaped protein produced mainly by plasma cells that is used by the immune system to neutralize pathogens such as pathogenic bacteria and viruses.
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Antigen
In immunology, an antigen is a molecule capable of inducing an immune response (to produce an antibody) in the host organism.
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Antigen-presenting cell
An antigen-presenting cell (APC) or accessory cell is a cell that displays antigen complexed with major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) on their surfaces; this process is known as antigen presentation.
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Autoimmune disease
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part.
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Autoimmune hepatitis
Autoimmune hepatitis, formerly called lupoid hepatitis, is a chronic, autoimmune disease of the liver that occurs when the body's immune system attacks liver cells causing the liver to be inflamed.
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B cell
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.
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Balancing selection
Balancing selection refers to a number of selective processes by which multiple alleles (different versions of a gene) are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies larger than expected from genetic drift alone.
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Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
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Beta-2 microglobulin
β2 microglobulin also known as B2M is a component of MHC class I molecules, MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excludes red blood cells).
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CD4
In molecular biology, CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) is a glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells such as T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.
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CD8
CD8 (cluster of differentiation 8) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor (TCR).
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Chromosome 15
Chromosome 15 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Chromosome 6
Chromosome 6 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans.
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Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine.
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Complement system
The complement system is a part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged cells from an organism, promotes inflammation, and attacks the pathogen's cell membrane.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH CAH), in all its forms, accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and "CAH" in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
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CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.
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Critical Reviews in Immunology
Critical Reviews in Immunology is a bimonthly scientific journal published by Begell House covering the field of immunology.
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Cytotoxic T cell
A cytotoxic T cell (also known as TC, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8+ T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected (particularly with viruses), or cells that are damaged in other ways.
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Diabetes mellitus type 1
Diabetes mellitus type 1, also known as type 1 diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus in which not enough insulin is produced.
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European Bioinformatics Institute
The European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) is a centre for research and services in bioinformatics, and is part of European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL).
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Gene conversion
Gene conversion is the process by which one DNA sequence replaces a homologous sequence such that the sequences become identical after the conversion event.
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Genetic matchmaking
Genetic matchmaking is the idea of matching couples for romantic relationships based on their biological compatibility.
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HCP5
The gene known as HCP5 (HLA Complex P5) is a human endogenous retrovirus, meaning that it is a fossil of an ancient virus that at one time infected people, but has now become an integral part of the human genome.
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Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the transplantation of multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, usually derived from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood.
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History and naming of human leukocyte antigens
Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) began as a list of antigens identified as a result of transplant rejection.
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HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2
HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2 haplotype (Also: AH8.1, COX, Super B8, ancestral MHC 8.1 or 8.1 ancestral haplotype) is a multigene haplotype that covers a majority of the human major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6 (not to be confused with the HLA-DQ heterodimer DQ8.1).
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HLA Informatics Group
The HLA Informatics Group (HIG) is a research group led by Professor Steven Marsh at the Anthony Nolan Research Institute that develops, runs and maintains the IMGT (immunogenetics)/HLA (Human leukocyte antigen) Database and the IPD (immuno polymorphism database).
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HLA-A
HLA-A is a group of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) that are coded for by the HLA-A locus, which is located at human chromosome 6p21.3.
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HLA-B
HLA-B (major histocompatibility complex, class I, B) is a human gene that provides instructions for making a protein that plays a critical role in the immune system.
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HLA-B27
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 (subtypes B*2701-2759) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 and presents antigenic peptides (derived from self and non-self antigens) to T cells.
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HLA-B47
HLA-B47 (B47) is an HLA–B serotype.
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HLA-C
HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human.
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HLA-DM
HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in the mechanism of antigen presentation on antigen presenting cells (APCs) of the immune system.
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HLA-DO
Human leukocyte histocompatibility complex DO (HLA-DO) is an intracellular, dimeric non-classical Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class II protein composed of α- and β-subunits which interact with HLA-DM in order to fine tune immunodominant epitope selection.
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HLA-DP
HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ.
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HLA-DPB1
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.
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HLA-DQ
HLA-DQ (DQ) is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen presenting cells.
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HLA-DQ2
HLA-DQ2 (DQ2) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system.
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HLA-DQ8
HLA-DQ8 (DQ8) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group.
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HLA-DQB1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 1, also known as HLA-DQB1, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus that contains this gene.
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HLA-DR
HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31.
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HLA-DR2
HLA-DR2 (DR2) of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group.
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HLA-DR3
HLA-DR3 is composed of the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes.
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HLA-DR4
HLA-DR4 (DR4) is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products.
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HLA-DRB1
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene.
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HLA-DRB3 (gene)
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB3-1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB3 gene.
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HLA-DRB4
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4, also known as HLA-DRB4, is a human gene.
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HLA-DRB5
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB5 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB5 gene.
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HLA-E
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E) also known as MHC class I antigen E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-E gene.
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HLA-F
HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-F gene.
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HLA-G
HLA-G histocompatibility antigen, class I, G, also known as human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-G gene.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Inclusion body myositis
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common inflammatory muscle disease in older adults.
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List of human leukocyte antigen alleles associated with cutaneous conditions
There are many human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with conditions of or affecting the human integumentary system.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Major histocompatibility complex
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognize foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility.
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Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1, also known as HLA-DPA1, is a human gene.
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Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1
Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ alpha 1, also known as HLA-DQA1, is a human gene present on short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3) and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene.
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Membrane protein
Membrane proteins are proteins that interact with, or are part of, biological membranes.
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MHC class I
MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules (the other being MHC class II) and are found on the cell surface of all nucleated cells in the bodies of jawed vertebrates.
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MHC class II
MHC class II molecules are a class of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules normally found only on antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, mononuclear phagocytes, some endothelial cells, thymic epithelial cells, and B cells.
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MHC restriction
MHC-restricted antigen recognition, or MHC restriction, refers to the fact that a given T cell can interact with both the self-major histocompatibility complex molecule and the foreign peptide that is bound to it, but will recognize and respond to the antigen, only when it is bound to a particular MHC molecule.
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Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
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Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy is a long-term neurological disorder that involves a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles.
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Pathogen
In biology, a pathogen (πάθος pathos "suffering, passion" and -γενής -genēs "producer of") or a '''germ''' in the oldest and broadest sense is anything that can produce disease; the term came into use in the 1880s.
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Penguin Books
Penguin Books is a British publishing house.
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Peptide
Peptides (from Gr.: πεπτός, peptós "digested"; derived from πέσσειν, péssein "to digest") are short chains of amino acid monomers linked by peptide (amide) bonds.
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Phagocytosis
In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.
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Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
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Polymer
A polymer (Greek poly-, "many" + -mer, "part") is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits.
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a segment of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence.
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Polymorphism (biology)
Polymorphism in biology and zoology is the occurrence of two or more clearly different morphs or forms, also referred to as alternative phenotypes, in the population of a species.
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Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD or PIGD) is the genetic profiling of embryos prior to implantation (as a form of embryo profiling), and sometimes even of oocytes prior to fertilization.
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Proteasome
Proteasomes are protein complexes which degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.
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Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
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Reactive arthritis
Reactive arthritis, formerly known as Reiter's syndrome, is a form of inflammatory arthritis that develops in response to an infection in another part of the body (cross-reactivity).
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Regulatory T cell
The regulatory T cells (Tregs), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
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Relative risk
In statistics and epidemiology, relative risk or risk ratio (RR) is the ratio of the probability of an event occurring (for example, developing a disease, being injured) in an exposed group to the probability of the event occurring in a comparison, non-exposed group.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.
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Sequence feature variant type
The Sequence Feature Variant Type (SFVT) refers to the defined sequence variation (mutation) of a given sequence feature in a protein.
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Serotype
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals.
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Sjögren syndrome
Sjögren syndrome (SjS, SS) is a long-term autoimmune disease in which the moisture-producing glands of the body are affected.
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Supergene
A supergene is a group of neighbouring genes on a chromosome which are inherited together because of close genetic linkage and are functionally related in an evolutionary sense, although they are rarely co-regulated genetically.
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), also known simply as lupus, is an autoimmune disease in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissue in many parts of the body.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.
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Transplant rejection
Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.
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Uveitis
Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_leukocyte_antigen
