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31 relations: American Revolutionary War, Arethusa (mythology), Arethusa-class cruiser, Arson in royal dockyards, Auguste-Louis de Rossel de Cercy, Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel, Brest, France, Broadside, Corvette, Cutter (boat), Fifth-rate, Frigate, Glossary of nautical terms, Her Majesty the Decemberists, HMNB Portsmouth, John the Painter, Le Havre, List of ships captured in the 18th century, Privateer, Rochefort, Charente-Maritime, Ropewalk, Roud Folk Song Index, Royal Navy, Sea shanty, Seven Years' War, Ship commissioning, Siege of Louisbourg (1758), The Decemberists, The Lizard, The Saucy Arethusa, Ushant.
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Arethusa (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Arethusa (Ἀρέθουσα) was a nymph and daughter of Nereus (making her a Nereid), who fled from her home in Arcadia beneath the sea and came up as a fresh water fountain on the island of Ortygia in Syracuse, Sicily.
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Arethusa-class cruiser
Arethusa-class cruiser may refer to.
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Arson in royal dockyards
Arson in royal dockyards was a criminal offence in the United Kingdom and the British Empire.
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Auguste-Louis de Rossel de Cercy
Auguste-Louis de Rossel de Cercy (22 June 1736 – 27 February 1804) was a French painter of the 18th century.
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Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel
Admiral Augustus Keppel, 1st Viscount Keppel PC (25 April 17252 October 1786) was a Royal Navy officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1755 to 1782.
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Brest, France
Brest is a city in the Finistère département in Brittany.
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Broadside
A broadside is the side of a ship, the battery of cannon on one side of a warship; or their coordinated fire in naval warfare.
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Corvette
A corvette is a small warship.
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Cutter (boat)
A cutter is typically a small, but in some cases a medium-sized, watercraft designed for speed rather than for capacity.
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Fifth-rate
In the rating system of the British Royal Navy used to categorise sailing warships, a fifth rate was the penultimate class of warships in a hierarchical system of six "ratings" based on size and firepower.
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Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.
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Glossary of nautical terms
This is a partial glossary of nautical terms; some remain current, while many date from the 17th to 19th centuries.
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Her Majesty the Decemberists
Her Majesty the Decemberists is the second full-length album by The Decemberists, released on September 9, 2003, by Kill Rock Stars.
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HMNB Portsmouth
Her Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth (HMNB Portsmouth) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the British Royal Navy (the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport).
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John the Painter
James Aitken (1752 – 10 March 1777), also known as John the Painter, was a mercenary who committed acts of sabotage in Royal Navy naval dockyards in during the American Revolutionary War in 1776–77.
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Le Havre
Le Havre, historically called Newhaven in English, is an urban French commune and city in the Seine-Maritime department in the Normandy region of northwestern France.
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List of ships captured in the 18th century
During times of war where naval engagements were frequent, many battles were fought that often resulted in the capture of the enemy's ships.
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Privateer
A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war.
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Rochefort, Charente-Maritime
Rochefort is a commune in southwestern France, a port on the Charente estuary.
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Ropewalk
A ropewalk is a long straight narrow lane, or a covered pathway, where long strands of material are laid before being twisted into rope.
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Roud Folk Song Index
The Roud Folk Song Index is a database of around 250,000 references to nearly 25,000 songs collected from oral tradition in the English language from all over the world.
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Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.
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Sea shanty
A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.
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Seven Years' War
The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.
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Ship commissioning
Ship commissioning is the act or ceremony of placing a ship in active service, and may be regarded as a particular application of the general concepts and practices of project commissioning.
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Siege of Louisbourg (1758)
The Siege of Louisbourg was a pivotal operation of the Seven Years' War (known in the United States as the French and Indian War) in 1758 that ended the French colonial era in Atlantic Canada and led directly to the loss of Quebec in 1759 and the remainder of French North America the following year.
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The Decemberists
The Decemberists are an American indie rock band from Portland, Oregon.
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The Lizard
The Lizard (An Lysardh) is a peninsula in southern Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
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The Saucy Arethusa
The Saucy Arethusa is a nautical song (Roud # 12675) which, although usually considered 'traditional', has been attributed to Prince Hoare, a comic opera librettist, as part of a "musical entertainment" titled The Lock and Key, performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden in 1796.
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Ushant
Ushant (Eusa,; Ouessant) is a French island at the south-western end of the English Channel which marks the north-westernmost point of metropolitan France.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Arethusa_(1759)
