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28 relations: American Revolutionary War, Battle of Rhode Island, Builder's Old Measurement, Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing, Conanicut Island, Court-martial, Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Fall River, Massachusetts, French ship Vestale (1756), James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez, John Sullivan (general), Marshalsea, Mount Hope Bay raids, Newport, Rhode Island, Providence River, Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, Royal Navy, Sakonnet River, Ship of the line, Silas Talbot, Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet, Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet, Snow (ship), Stonington, Connecticut, Swivel gun, William Ellery, William Greene (governor), 54th (West Norfolk) Regiment of Foot.
American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Battle of Rhode Island
The Battle of Rhode Island (also known as the Battle of Quaker Hill and the Battle of Newport) took place on August 29, 1778.
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Builder's Old Measurement
Builder's Old Measurement (BOM, bm, OM, and o.m.) is the method used in England from approximately 1650 to 1849 for calculating the cargo capacity of a ship.
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Charles Henri Hector d'Estaing
Jean Baptiste Charles Henri Hector, comte d'Estaing (24 November 1729 – 28 April 1794) was a French general and admiral.
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Conanicut Island
Conanicut Island is the second largest island in Narragansett Bay in the US state of Rhode Island.
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Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.
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Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS for short) is the official reference work for the basic facts about ships used by the United States Navy.
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Fall River, Massachusetts
Fall River is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States.
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French ship Vestale (1756)
Vestale was a ''Blonde''-class 30-gun frigate of the French Navy.
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James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
Admiral James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez (or Sausmarez), GCB (11 March 1757 – 9 October 1836) was an admiral of the British Royal Navy, notable for his victory at the Battle of Algeciras.
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John Sullivan (general)
John Sullivan (February 17, 1740 – January 23, 1795) was an Irish-American General in the Revolutionary War, a delegate in the Continental Congress, Governor of New Hampshire and a United States federal judge.
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Marshalsea
The Marshalsea (1373–1842) was a notorious prison in Southwark (now London), just south of the River Thames.
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Mount Hope Bay raids
The Mount Hope Bay raids were a series of military raids conducted by British troops during the American Revolutionary War against communities on the shores of Mount Hope Bay on May 25 and 31, 1778.
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Newport, Rhode Island
Newport is a seaside city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States.
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Providence River
The city of Providence as seen from the Providence River at its confluence with the Narragansett Bay The Providence River is a tidal river in the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
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Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe
Admiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe, (8 March 1726 – 5 August 1799) was a British naval officer.
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Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.
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Sakonnet River
The Sakonnet River is a tidal strait in the U.S. state of Rhode Island.
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Ship of the line
A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed from the 17th through to the mid-19th century to take part in the naval tactic known as the line of battle, in which two columns of opposing warships would manoeuvre to bring the greatest weight of broadside firepower to bear.
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Silas Talbot
Silas Talbot (January 11, 1751 – June 30, 1813) was an officer in the Continental Army and in the Continental Navy during the American Revolution.
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Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Peter Parker, 1st Baronet (1721 – 21 December 1811) was a Royal Navy officer.
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Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet
Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet (20 September 1720 – 1 August 1796) was a British Army officer during the American Revolutionary War.
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Snow (ship)
In sailing, a snow, snaw or snauw is a square rigged vessel with two masts, complemented by a snow- or trysail-mast stepped immediately abaft (behind) the main mast.
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Stonington, Connecticut
The town of Stonington is located in New London County, Connecticut, United States, in the state's southeastern corner.
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Swivel gun
The term swivel gun usually refers to a small cannon, mounted on a swiveling stand or fork which allows a very wide arc of movement.
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William Ellery
William Ellery (December 2, 1727 – February 15, 1820) was a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence as a representative of Rhode Island.
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William Greene (governor)
William Greene Jr. (August 16, 1731November 29, 1809) was the second governor of the state of Rhode Island, serving in this capacity for eight years, five of which were during the American Revolutionary War.
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54th (West Norfolk) Regiment of Foot
The 54th Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army, raised in 1755.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_galley_Pigot
