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109 relations: /dev/random, A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates, Absolute zero, Algorithm, Almost surely, Amplifier, AN/CYZ-9, Analog-to-digital converter, Avalanche breakdown, Avalanche diode, Band gap, Beam splitter, Bell test experiments, Block cipher, Block cipher mode of operation, Blum Blum Shub, Central limit theorem, Chaos theory, Classical mechanics, Coin flipping, Comparison of hardware random number generators, Computing, Conscription, Cryptanalysis, Cryptlib, Cryptographic nonce, Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator, Cryptography, Cyclic redundancy check, Decorrelation, Deterministic algorithm, Dice, Disk storage, Dynamical system, Encryption, Entropy (information theory), Exclusive or, Federal Information Processing Standards, FIPS 140, Fortuna (PRNG), Francis Galton, Gambling, Geiger counter, Hash function, Homodyne detection, Initialization vector, Intel, Interrupt, Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture), John von Neumann, ..., Johnson–Nyquist noise, Jury, Keno, Key (cryptography), Khufu and Khafre, List of random number generators, Lottery, Lottery machine, MD5, Mutual exclusivity, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Netscape, Noise (radio), Nothing up my sleeve number, Opinion poll, Optical parametric oscillator, Phonon, Photoelectric effect, Photon, Piling-up lemma, Pseudorandom number generator, Pseudorandomness, Quantum, Quantum tunnelling, Radioactive decay, RAND Corporation, Random number generation, Random number generator attack, Randomization, Randomness extractor, RdRand, Resistor, RIPEMD, Role-playing game, Roulette, Schmitt trigger, SHA-1, Shot noise, Shuffling, Signal edge, Smoke detector, Spontaneous parametric down-conversion, Spoofing attack, Statistical mechanics, Statistical randomness, Stochastic, Stream cipher, Theodore Ts'o, Thyratron, Transducer, Transistor, Transport Layer Security, Uncertainty principle, Vacuum energy, VIA C3, Victorian era, Yarrow algorithm, Zener diode, Zener effect. Expand index (59 more) »
/dev/random
In Unix-like operating systems,, and are special files that serve as pseudorandom number generators.
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A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates
A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates is a random number book by the RAND Corporation, originally published in 1955.
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Absolute zero
Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0.
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Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
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Almost surely
In probability theory, one says that an event happens almost surely (sometimes abbreviated as a.s.) if it happens with probability one.
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Amplifier
An amplifier, electronic amplifier or (informally) amp is an electronic device that can increase the power of a signal (a time-varying voltage or current).
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AN/CYZ-9
The AN/CYZ-9 is a hardware random number generator fielded by the US National Security Agency in the 1990s.
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Analog-to-digital converter
In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC, A/D, or A-to-D) is a system that converts an analog signal, such as a sound picked up by a microphone or light entering a digital camera, into a digital signal.
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Avalanche breakdown
Avalanche breakdown is a phenomenon that can occur in both insulating and semiconducting materials.
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Avalanche diode
In electronics, an avalanche diode is a diode (made from silicon or other semiconductor) that is designed to experience avalanche breakdown at a specified reverse bias voltage.
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Band gap
In solid-state physics, a band gap, also called an energy gap or bandgap, is an energy range in a solid where no electron states can exist.
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Beam splitter
A beam splitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light in two.
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Bell test experiments
A Bell test experiment or Bell's inequality experiment, also simply a Bell test, is a real-world physics experiment designed to test the theory of quantum mechanics in relation to two other concepts: the principle of locality and Einstein's concept of "local realism".
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Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called a block, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
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Block cipher mode of operation
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide an information service such as confidentiality or authenticity.
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Blum Blum Shub
Blum Blum Shub (B.B.S.) is a pseudorandom number generator proposed in 1986 by Lenore Blum, Manuel Blum and Michael Shub that is derived from Michael O. Rabin's oblivious transfer mapping.
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Central limit theorem
In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) establishes that, in some situations, when independent random variables are added, their properly normalized sum tends toward a normal distribution (informally a "bell curve") even if the original variables themselves are not normally distributed.
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Chaos theory
Chaos theory is a branch of mathematics focusing on the behavior of dynamical systems that are highly sensitive to initial conditions.
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Classical mechanics
Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, and astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars and galaxies.
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Coin flipping
Coin flipping, coin tossing, or heads or tails is the practice of throwing a coin in the air and checking which side is showing when it lands to choose between two alternatives, sometimes to resolve a dispute between two parties.
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Comparison of hardware random number generators
In computing, a hardware random number generator is an apparatus that generates random numbers from a physical process.
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Computing
Computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers.
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Conscription
Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.
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Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of analyzing information systems in order to study the hidden aspects of the systems.
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Cryptlib
cryptlib is an open source cross-platform software security toolkit library.
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Cryptographic nonce
In cryptography, a nonce is an arbitrary number that can be used just once.
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Cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator
A cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator (CSPRNG) or cryptographic pseudo-random number generator (CPRNG) is a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) with properties that make it suitable for use in cryptography.
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Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
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Cyclic redundancy check
A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is an error-detecting code commonly used in digital networks and storage devices to detect accidental changes to raw data.
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Decorrelation
Decorrelation is a general term for any process that is used to reduce autocorrelation within a signal, or cross-correlation within a set of signals, while preserving other aspects of the signal.
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Deterministic algorithm
In computer science, a deterministic algorithm is an algorithm which, given a particular input, will always produce the same output, with the underlying machine always passing through the same sequence of states.
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Dice
Dice (singular die or dice; from Old French dé; from Latin datum "something which is given or played") are small throwable objects with multiple resting positions, used for generating random numbers.
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Disk storage
Disk storage (also sometimes called drive storage) is a general category of storage mechanisms where data is recorded by various electronic, magnetic, optical, or mechanical changes to a surface layer of one or more rotating disks.
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Dynamical system
In mathematics, a dynamical system is a system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space.
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Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
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Entropy (information theory)
Information entropy is the average rate at which information is produced by a stochastic source of data.
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Exclusive or
Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that outputs true only when inputs differ (one is true, the other is false).
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Federal Information Processing Standards
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States federal government for use in computer systems by non-military government agencies and government contractors.
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FIPS 140
The 140 series of Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are U.S. government computer security standards that specify requirements for cryptography modules.
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Fortuna (PRNG)
Fortuna is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) devised by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson and published in 2003.
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Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton, FRS (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was an English Victorian era statistician, progressive, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician.
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Gambling
Gambling is the wagering of money or something of value (referred to as "the stakes") on an event with an uncertain outcome with the primary intent of winning money or material goods.
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Geiger counter
The Geiger counter is an instrument used for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation used widely in applications such as radiation dosimetry, radiological protection, experimental physics and the nuclear industry.
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Hash function
A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to data of a fixed size.
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Homodyne detection
Homodyne detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase and/or frequency of an oscillating signal, by comparing that signal with a standard oscillation that would be identical to the signal if it carried null information.
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Initialization vector
In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable (SV) is a fixed-size input to a cryptographic primitive that is typically required to be random or pseudorandom.
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Intel
Intel Corporation (stylized as intel) is an American multinational corporation and technology company headquartered in Santa Clara, California, in the Silicon Valley.
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Interrupt
In system programming, an interrupt is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
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Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)
Ivy Bridge is the codename for the "third generation" of the Intel Core processors (Core i7, i5, i3).
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John von Neumann
John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos,; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, and polymath.
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Johnson–Nyquist noise
Johnson–Nyquist noise (thermal noise, Johnson noise, or Nyquist noise) is the electronic noise generated by the thermal agitation of the charge carriers (usually the electrons) inside an electrical conductor at equilibrium, which happens regardless of any applied voltage.
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Jury
A jury is a sworn body of people convened to render an impartial verdict (a finding of fact on a question) officially submitted to them by a court, or to set a penalty or judgment.
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Keno
Keno is a lottery-like gambling game often played at modern casinos, and also offered as a game in some lotteries.
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Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.
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Khufu and Khafre
In cryptography, Khufu and Khafre are two block ciphers designed by Ralph Merkle in 1989 while working at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center.
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List of random number generators
Computer random number generators are important in mathematics, cryptography and gambling (on game servers).
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Lottery
A lottery is a form of gambling that involves the drawing of numbers for a prize.
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Lottery machine
A lottery machine is the machine used to draw the winning numbers for a lottery.
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MD5
The MD5 algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128-bit hash value.
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Mutual exclusivity
In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur (be true).
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National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
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Netscape
Netscape is a brand name associated with the development of the Netscape web browser.
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Noise (radio)
In radio reception, noise is the superposition of white noise and other disturbing influences on the signal, caused either by thermal noise and other electronic noise from receiver input circuits or by interference from radiated electromagnetic noise picked up by the receiver's antenna.
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Nothing up my sleeve number
In cryptography, nothing-up-my-sleeve numbers are any numbers which, by their construction, are above suspicion of hidden properties.
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Opinion poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a poll or a survey, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample.
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Optical parametric oscillator
An optical parametric oscillator (OPO) is a parametric oscillator that oscillates at optical frequencies.
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Phonon
In physics, a phonon is a collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, like solids and some liquids.
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Photoelectric effect
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material.
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Photon
The photon is a type of elementary particle, the quantum of the electromagnetic field including electromagnetic radiation such as light, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force (even when static via virtual particles).
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Piling-up lemma
In cryptanalysis, the piling-up lemma is a principle used in linear cryptanalysis to construct linear approximation to the action of block ciphers.
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Pseudorandom number generator
A pseudorandom number generator (PRNG), also known as a deterministic random bit generator (DRBG), is an algorithm for generating a sequence of numbers whose properties approximate the properties of sequences of random numbers.
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Pseudorandomness
A pseudorandom process is a process that appears to be random but is not.
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Quantum
In physics, a quantum (plural: quanta) is the minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction.
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Quantum tunnelling
Quantum tunnelling or tunneling (see spelling differences) is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a particle tunnels through a barrier that it classically cannot surmount.
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Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.
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RAND Corporation
RAND Corporation ("Research ANd Development") is an American nonprofit global policy think tank created in 1948 by Douglas Aircraft Company to offer research and analysis to the United States Armed Forces.
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Random number generation
Random number generation is the generation of a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by a random chance, usually through a hardware random-number generator (RNG).
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Random number generator attack
The security of cryptographic systems depends on some secret data that is known to authorized persons but unknown and unpredictable to others.
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Randomization
Randomization is the process of making something random; in various contexts this involves, for example.
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Randomness extractor
A randomness extractor, often simply called an "extractor", is a function, which being applied to output from a weakly random entropy source, together with a short, uniformly random seed, generates a highly random output that appears independent from the source and uniformly distributed.
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RdRand
RDRAND (previously known as Bull Mountain) is an instruction for returning random numbers from an Intel on-chip hardware random number generator which has been seeded by an on-chip entropy source.
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Resistor
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element.
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RIPEMD
RIPEMD (RACE Integrity Primitives Evaluation Message Digest) is a family of cryptographic hash functions developed in Leuven, Belgium, by Hans Dobbertin, Antoon Bosselaers and Bart Preneel at the COSIC research group at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and first published in 1996.
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Role-playing game
A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game and abbreviated to RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.
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Roulette
Roulette is a casino game named after the French word meaning little wheel.
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Schmitt trigger
In electronics, a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis implemented by applying positive feedback to the noninverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier.
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SHA-1
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a cryptographic hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest - typically rendered as a hexadecimal number, 40 digits long.
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Shot noise
Shot noise or Poisson noise is a type of electronic noise which can be modeled by a Poisson process.
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Shuffling
Shuffling is a procedure used to randomize a deck of playing cards to provide an element of chance in card games.
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Signal edge
In electronics, a signal edge is a transition in a digital signal either from low to high (0 to 1) or from high to low (1 to 0).
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Smoke detector
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire.
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Spontaneous parametric down-conversion
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion (also known as SPDC, parametric fluorescence or parametric scattering) is a nonlinear instant optical process that converts one photon of higher energy (namely, a pump photon), into a pair of photons (namely, a signal photon, and an idler photon) of lower energy, in accordance with the law of conservation of energy and law of conservation of momentum.
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Spoofing attack
In the context of network security, a spoofing attack is a situation in which a person or program successfully masquerades as another by falsifying data, to gain an illegitimate advantage.
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Statistical mechanics
Statistical mechanics is one of the pillars of modern physics.
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Statistical randomness
A numeric sequence is said to be statistically random when it contains no recognizable patterns or regularities; sequences such as the results of an ideal dice roll or the digits of π exhibit statistical randomness.
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Stochastic
The word stochastic is an adjective in English that describes something that was randomly determined.
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Stream cipher
A stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom cipher digit stream (keystream).
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Theodore Ts'o
Theodore Yue Tak Ts'o (曹子德) (born 1968) is a software engineer mainly known for his contributions to the Linux kernel, in particular his contributions to file systems.
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Thyratron
A thyratron is a type of gas-filled tube used as a high-power electrical switch and controlled rectifier.
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Transducer
A transducer is a device that converts energy from one form to another.
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Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.
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Transport Layer Security
Transport Layer Security (TLS) – and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), which is now deprecated by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) – are cryptographic protocols that provide communications security over a computer network.
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Uncertainty principle
In quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle (also known as Heisenberg's uncertainty principle) is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables, such as position x and momentum p, can be known.
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Vacuum energy
Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire Universe.
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VIA C3
The VIA C3 is a family of x86 central processing units for personal computers designed by Centaur Technology and sold by VIA Technologies.
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Victorian era
In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.
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Yarrow algorithm
The Yarrow algorithm is a family of cryptographic pseudorandom number generators (PRNG) devised by John Kelsey, Bruce Schneier, and Niels Ferguson.
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Zener diode
A Zener diode is a particular type of diode that, unlike a normal one, allows current to flow not only from its anode to its cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the Zener voltage is reached.
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Zener effect
In electronics, the Zener effect (employed most notably in the appropriately named Zener diode) is a type of electrical breakdown, discovered by Clarence Melvin Zener.
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Entropy pool, FieldREG, HRNG, HWRNG, Hardware RNG, Hardware random-number generator, Hardware randomness, NRBG, Non-deterministic random number, Non-deterministic random numbers, QRNG, Quantum random number generator, Random device, Random event generator (parapsychology), Software whitening, TRNG, True Random Number Generator, True random number generator.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_random_number_generator
