Communication
Free
Faster access than browser!

# Harmonic series (mathematics)

In mathematics, the harmonic series is the divergent infinite series: Its name derives from the concept of overtones, or harmonics in music: the wavelengths of the overtones of a vibrating string are,,, etc., of the string's fundamental wavelength. [1]

57 relations: Absolute convergence, Addison-Wesley, Almost surely, Alternating series test, Ant on a rubber rope, Apéry's constant, Baroque, Basel problem, Block-stacking problem, Cauchy condensation test, Conditional convergence, Convex function, Counterintuitive, Direct comparison test, Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes, Divergent series, E (mathematical constant), Euler–Mascheroni constant, Fundamental frequency, Harmonic mean, Harmonic number, Harmonic progression (mathematics), Harmonic series (music), Improper integral, Independence (probability theory), Integer, Integral test for convergence, Inverse trigonometric functions, Jacob Bernoulli, Jeep problem, Johann Bernoulli, Kolmogorov's inequality, Kolmogorov's three-series theorem, Leibniz formula for π, Leonhard Euler, List of sums of reciprocals, Logarithmic growth, Mathematics, Mercator series, Natural logarithm, Natural logarithm of 2, Nicole Oresme, Overtone, Paradox, Pietro Mengoli, Power of two, Probability density function, Proportion (architecture), Radix, Random variable, ... Expand index (7 more) »

## Absolute convergence

In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the summands is finite.

Addison-Wesley is a publisher of textbooks and computer literature.

## Almost surely

In probability theory, one says that an event happens almost surely (sometimes abbreviated as a.s.) if it happens with probability one.

## Alternating series test

In mathematical analysis, the alternating series test is the method used to prove that an alternating series with terms that decrease in absolute value is a convergent series.

## Ant on a rubber rope

The ant on a rubber rope is a mathematical puzzle with a solution that appears counterintuitive or paradoxical.

## Apéry's constant

In mathematics, at the intersection of number theory and special functions, Apéry's constant is defined as the number where is the Riemann zeta function.

## Baroque

The Baroque is a highly ornate and often extravagant style of architecture, art and music that flourished in Europe from the early 17th until the late 18th century.

## Basel problem

The Basel problem is a problem in mathematical analysis with relevance to number theory, first posed by Pietro Mengoli in 1644 and solved by Leonhard Euler in 1734 and read on 5 December 1735 in ''The Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences''.

## Block-stacking problem

In statics, the block-stacking problem (sometimes known as The Leaning Tower of Lire, also the book-stacking problem, or a number of other similar terms) is a puzzle concerning the stacking of blocks at the edge of a table.

## Cauchy condensation test

In mathematics, the Cauchy condensation test, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a standard convergence test for infinite series.

## Conditional convergence

In mathematics, a series or integral is said to be conditionally convergent if it converges, but it does not converge absolutely.

## Convex function

In mathematics, a real-valued function defined on an ''n''-dimensional interval is called convex (or convex downward or concave upward) if the line segment between any two points on the graph of the function lies above or on the graph, in a Euclidean space (or more generally a vector space) of at least two dimensions.

## Counterintuitive

A counterintuitive proposition is one that does not seem likely to be true when assessed using intuition, common sense, or gut feelings.

## Direct comparison test

In mathematics, the comparison test, sometimes called the direct comparison test to distinguish it from similar related tests (especially the limit comparison test), provides a way of deducing the convergence or divergence of an infinite series or an improper integral.

## Divergence of the sum of the reciprocals of the primes

The sum of the reciprocals of all prime numbers diverges; that is: This was proved by Leonhard Euler in 1737, and strengthens Euclid's 3rd-century-BC result that there are infinitely many prime numbers.

## Divergent series

In mathematics, a divergent series is an infinite series that is not convergent, meaning that the infinite sequence of the partial sums of the series does not have a finite limit.

## E (mathematical constant)

The number is a mathematical constant, approximately equal to 2.71828, which appears in many different settings throughout mathematics.

## Euler–Mascheroni constant

The Euler–Mascheroni constant (also called Euler's constant) is a mathematical constant recurring in analysis and number theory, usually denoted by the lowercase Greek letter gamma.

## Fundamental frequency

The fundamental frequency, often referred to simply as the fundamental, is defined as the lowest frequency of a periodic waveform.

## Harmonic mean

In mathematics, the harmonic mean (sometimes called the subcontrary mean) is one of several kinds of average, and in particular one of the Pythagorean means.

## Harmonic number

In mathematics, the -th harmonic number is the sum of the reciprocals of the first natural numbers: Harmonic numbers are related to the harmonic mean in that the -th harmonic number is also times the reciprocal of the harmonic mean of the first positive integers.

## Harmonic progression (mathematics)

In mathematics, a harmonic progression (or harmonic sequence) is a progression formed by taking the reciprocals of an arithmetic progression.

## Harmonic series (music)

A harmonic series is the sequence of sounds&mdash;pure tones, represented by sinusoidal waves&mdash;in which the frequency of each sound is an integer multiple of the fundamental, the lowest frequency.

## Improper integral

In mathematical analysis, an improper integral is the limit of a definite integral as an endpoint of the interval(s) of integration approaches either a specified real number, \infty, -\infty, or in some instances as both endpoints approach limits.

## Independence (probability theory)

In probability theory, two events are independent, statistically independent, or stochastically independent if the occurrence of one does not affect the probability of occurrence of the other.

## Integer

An integer (from the Latin ''integer'' meaning "whole")Integer&#x2009;'s first literal meaning in Latin is "untouched", from in ("not") plus tangere ("to touch").

## Integral test for convergence

In mathematics, the integral test for convergence is a method used to test infinite series of non-negative terms for convergence.

## Inverse trigonometric functions

In mathematics, the inverse trigonometric functions (occasionally also called arcus functions, antitrigonometric functions or cyclometric functions) are the inverse functions of the trigonometric functions (with suitably restricted domains).

## Jacob Bernoulli

Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James or Jacques; – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family.

## Jeep problem

The jeep problem, desert crossing problem or exploration problem"Exploration problems. Another common question is concerned with the maximum distance into a desert which could be reached from a frontier settlement by an explorer capable of carrying provisions that would last him for a days." W. W. Rouse Ball and H.S.M. Coxeter (1987).

## Johann Bernoulli

Johann Bernoulli (also known as Jean or John; – 1 January 1748) was a Swiss mathematician and was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family.

## Kolmogorov's inequality

In probability theory, Kolmogorov's inequality is a so-called "maximal inequality" that gives a bound on the probability that the partial sums of a finite collection of independent random variables exceed some specified bound.

## Kolmogorov's three-series theorem

In probability theory, Kolmogorov's Three-Series Theorem, named after Andrey Kolmogorov, gives a criterion for the almost sure convergence of an infinite series of random variables in terms of the convergence of three different series involving properties of their probability distributions.

## Leibniz formula for π

In mathematics, the Leibniz formula for pi, named after Gottfried Leibniz, states that It is also called Madhava–Leibniz series as it is a special case of a more general series expansion for the inverse tangent function, first discovered by the Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama in the 14th century, the specific case first published by Leibniz around 1676.

## Leonhard Euler

Leonhard Euler (Swiss Standard German:; German Standard German:; 15 April 170718 September 1783) was a Swiss mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician and engineer, who made important and influential discoveries in many branches of mathematics, such as infinitesimal calculus and graph theory, while also making pioneering contributions to several branches such as topology and analytic number theory.

## List of sums of reciprocals

In mathematics and especially number theory, the sum of reciprocals generally is computed for the reciprocals of some or all of the positive integers (counting numbers)&mdash;that is, it is generally the sum of unit fractions.

## Logarithmic growth

In mathematics, logarithmic growth describes a phenomenon whose size or cost can be described as a logarithm function of some input.

## Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

## Mercator series

In mathematics, the Mercator series or Newton–Mercator series is the Taylor series for the natural logarithm: In summation notation, The series converges to the natural logarithm (shifted by 1) whenever -1.

## Natural logarithm

The natural logarithm of a number is its logarithm to the base of the mathematical constant ''e'', where e is an irrational and transcendental number approximately equal to.

## Natural logarithm of 2

The decimal value of the natural logarithm of 2 is approximately as shown in the first line of the table below.

## Nicole Oresme

Nicole Oresme (c. 1320–1325 – July 11, 1382), also known as Nicolas Oresme, Nicholas Oresme, or Nicolas d'Oresme, was a significant philosopher of the later Middle Ages.

## Overtone

An overtone is any frequency greater than the fundamental frequency of a sound.

A paradox is a statement that, despite apparently sound reasoning from true premises, leads to an apparently self-contradictory or logically unacceptable conclusion.

## Pietro Mengoli

Pietro Mengoli (1626, Bologna – June 7, 1686, Bologna) was an Italian mathematician and clergyman from Bologna, where he studied with Bonaventura Cavalieri at the University of Bologna, and succeeded him in 1647.

## Power of two

In mathematics, a power of two is a number of the form where is an integer, i.e. the result of exponentiation with number two as the base and integer as the exponent.

## Probability density function

In probability theory, a probability density function (PDF), or density of a continuous random variable, is a function, whose value at any given sample (or point) in the sample space (the set of possible values taken by the random variable) can be interpreted as providing a relative likelihood that the value of the random variable would equal that sample.

## Proportion (architecture)

Proportion is a central principle of architectural theory and an important connection between mathematics and art.

In mathematical numeral systems, the radix or base is the number of unique digits, including zero, used to represent numbers in a positional numeral system.

## Random variable

In probability and statistics, a random variable, random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable is a variable whose possible values are outcomes of a random phenomenon.

## Riemann zeta function

The Riemann zeta function or Euler–Riemann zeta function,, is a function of a complex variable s that analytically continues the sum of the Dirichlet series which converges when the real part of is greater than 1.

## Series (mathematics)

In mathematics, a series is, roughly speaking, a description of the operation of adding infinitely many quantities, one after the other, to a given starting quantity.

## Sign (mathematics)

In mathematics, the concept of sign originates from the property of every non-zero real number of being positive or negative.

## Special relativity

In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.

## Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.

## Taylor series

In mathematics, a Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms that are calculated from the values of the function's derivatives at a single point.

## Wavelength

In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

## References

Hey! We are on Facebook now! »