Table of Contents
120 relations: Aeschylus, Albinism, Allele, Allele frequency, Alpheus Hyatt, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Aristotle, Asexual reproduction, August Weismann, Autosome, Base pair, Biology, Biometrics, Blending inheritance, Canalisation (genetics), Cell (biology), Cell theory, Charles Darwin, Chromatin, Chromosomal crossover, Chromosome, Classical antiquity, Cryptorchidism, Developmental plasticity, DNA, DNA methylation, Dominance (genetics), Dual inheritance theory, Ehlers–Danlos syndrome, Enzyme, Epigenetics, Epistasis, Evolution, Evolutionary developmental biology, Expressivity (genetics), Extranuclear inheritance, Eye color, Fragile X syndrome, Francis Galton, Gavin de Beer, Gene, Genetic drift, Genetics, Genome, Genomic imprinting, Genotype, Gregor Mendel, Group selection, Haemophilia, Hard inheritance, ... Expand index (70 more) »
Aeschylus
Aeschylus (Αἰσχύλος; /524 – /455 BC) was an ancient Greek tragedian often described as the father of tragedy.
Albinism
Albinism is the congenital absence of melanin in an animal or plant resulting in white hair, feathers, scales and skin and reddish pink or blue eyes.
Allele
An allele, or allelomorph, is a variant of the sequence of nucleotides at a particular location, or locus, on a DNA molecule.
Allele frequency
Allele frequency, or gene frequency, is the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population, expressed as a fraction or percentage.
See Heredity and Allele frequency
Alpheus Hyatt
Alpheus Hyatt (April 5, 1838 – January 15, 1902) was an American zoologist and palaeontologist.
See Heredity and Alpheus Hyatt
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 – 26 August 1723) was a Dutch microbiologist and microscopist in the Golden Age of Dutch science and technology.
See Heredity and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes.
See Heredity and Asexual reproduction
August Weismann
August Friedrich Leopold Weismann FRS (For), HonFRSE, LLD (17 January 18345 November 1914) was a German evolutionary biologist.
See Heredity and August Weismann
Autosome
An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Base pair
A base pair (bp) is a fundamental unit of double-stranded nucleic acids consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
Biometrics
Biometrics are body measurements and calculations related to human characteristics and features.
Blending inheritance
Blending inheritance is an obsolete theory in biology from the 19th century.
See Heredity and Blending inheritance
Canalisation (genetics)
Canalisation is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.
See Heredity and Canalisation (genetics)
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
See Heredity and Cell (biology)
Cell theory
In biology, cell theory is a scientific theory first formulated in the mid-nineteenth century, that living organisms are made up of cells, that they are the basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
See Heredity and Charles Darwin
Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of DNA and protein found in eukaryotic cells.
Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes.
See Heredity and Chromosomal crossover
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
See Heredity and Classical antiquity
Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.
See Heredity and Cryptorchidism
Developmental plasticity
Developmental plasticity is a general term referring to changes in neural connections during development as a result of environmental interactions as well as neural changes induced by learning.
See Heredity and Developmental plasticity
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Heredity and DNA
DNA methylation
DNA methylation is a biological process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.
See Heredity and DNA methylation
Dominance (genetics)
In genetics, dominance is the phenomenon of one variant (allele) of a gene on a chromosome masking or overriding the effect of a different variant of the same gene on the other copy of the chromosome.
See Heredity and Dominance (genetics)
Dual inheritance theory
Dual inheritance theory (DIT), also known as gene–culture coevolution or biocultural evolution, was developed in the 1960s through early 1980s to explain how human behavior is a product of two different and interacting evolutionary processes: genetic evolution and cultural evolution.
See Heredity and Dual inheritance theory
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Ehlers–Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 genetic connective-tissue disorders.
See Heredity and Ehlers–Danlos syndrome
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions.
Epigenetics
In biology, epigenetics is the study of heritable traits, or a stable change of cell function, that happen without changes to the DNA sequence. Heredity and epigenetics are genetics.
Epistasis
Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes.
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary developmental biology (informally, evo-devo) is a field of biological research that compares the developmental processes of different organisms to infer how developmental processes evolved.
See Heredity and Evolutionary developmental biology
Expressivity (genetics)
In genetics, expressivity is the degree to which a phenotype is expressed by individuals having a particular genotype.
See Heredity and Expressivity (genetics)
Extranuclear inheritance
Extranuclear inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance is the transmission of genes that occur outside the nucleus. Heredity and Extranuclear inheritance are genetics.
See Heredity and Extranuclear inheritance
Eye color
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic disorder characterized by mild-to-moderate intellectual disability.
See Heredity and Fragile X syndrome
Francis Galton
Sir Francis Galton (16 February 1822 – 17 January 1911) was a British polymath and the originator of the behavioral genetics movement during the Victorian era.
See Heredity and Francis Galton
Gavin de Beer
Sir Gavin Rylands de Beer (1 November 1899 – 21 June 1972) was a British evolutionary embryologist, known for his work on heterochrony as recorded in his 1930 book Embryos and Ancestors.
See Heredity and Gavin de Beer
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
Genetic drift
Genetic drift, also known as random genetic drift, allelic drift or the Wright effect, refers to random fluctuations in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population.
See Heredity and Genetic drift
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
Genomic imprinting
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that causes genes to be expressed or not, depending on whether they are inherited from the female or male parent.
See Heredity and Genomic imprinting
Genotype
The genotype of an organism is its complete set of genetic material. Heredity and genotype are genetics.
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Johann Mendel OSA (Řehoř Jan Mendel; 20 July 1822 – 6 January 1884) was an Austrian-Czech biologist, meteorologist, mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno (Brünn), Margraviate of Moravia.
See Heredity and Gregor Mendel
Group selection
Group selection is a proposed mechanism of evolution in which natural selection acts at the level of the group, instead of at the level of the individual or gene.
See Heredity and Group selection
Haemophilia
Haemophilia (British English), or hemophilia (American English), is a mostly inherited genetic disorder that impairs the body's ability to make blood clots, a process needed to stop bleeding.
Hard inheritance
Hard inheritance was a model of heredity that explicitly excludes any acquired characteristics, such as of Lamarckism.
See Heredity and Hard inheritance
Heritability
Heritability is a statistic used in the fields of breeding and genetics that estimates the degree of variation in a phenotypic trait in a population that is due to genetic variation between individuals in that population.
Hippocrates
Hippocrates of Kos (Hippokrátēs ho Kôios), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician and philosopher of the classical period who is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine.
Homologous chromosome
A pair of homologous chromosomes, or homologs, is a set of one maternal and one paternal chromosome that pair up with each other inside a cell during fertilization.
See Heredity and Homologous chromosome
Homunculus
A homunculus ("little person",: homunculi) is a small human being.
Lamarckism
Lamarckism, also known as Lamarckian inheritance or neo-Lamarckism, is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime.
Locus (genetics)
In genetics, a locus (loci) is a specific, fixed position on a chromosome where a particular gene or genetic marker is located. Heredity and locus (genetics) are genetics.
See Heredity and Locus (genetics)
Lysenkoism
Lysenkoism (Lysenkovshchina,; lysenkivščyna) was a political campaign led by Soviet biologist Trofim Lysenko against genetics and science-based agriculture in the mid-20th century, rejecting natural selection in favour of a form of Lamarckism, as well as expanding upon the techniques of vernalization and grafting.
Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a multi-systemic genetic disorder that affects the connective tissue.
See Heredity and Marfan syndrome
Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance (also known as Mendelism) is a type of biological inheritance following the principles originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866, re-discovered in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns, and later popularized by William Bateson.
See Heredity and Mendelian inheritance
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Heredity and Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrion
A mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
See Heredity and Mitochondrion
Mitosis
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.
Modern synthesis (20th century)
The modern synthesis was the early 20th-century synthesis of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and Gregor Mendel's ideas on heredity into a joint mathematical framework.
See Heredity and Modern synthesis (20th century)
Molecular genetics
Molecular genetics is a branch of biology that addresses how differences in the structures or expression of DNA molecules manifests as variation among organisms.
See Heredity and Molecular genetics
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
Moravia
Moravia (Morava; Mähren) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
Mouse
A mouse (mice) is a small rodent.
Muller's morphs
Hermann J. Muller (1890–1967), who was a 1946 Nobel Prize winner, coined the terms amorph, hypomorph, hypermorph, antimorph and neomorph to classify mutations based on their behaviour in various genetic situations, as well as gene interaction between themselves.
See Heredity and Muller's morphs
Mutation
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Heredity and mutation are genetics.
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Heredity and Natural environment
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Heredity and Natural selection
Niche construction
Niche construction is the ecological process by which an organism alters its own (or another species') local environment.
See Heredity and Niche construction
Non-Mendelian inheritance
Non-Mendelian inheritance is any pattern in which traits do not segregate in accordance with Mendel's laws.
See Heredity and Non-Mendelian inheritance
Nucleic acid sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of bases within the nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
See Heredity and Nucleic acid sequence
Oligogenic inheritance
Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos.
See Heredity and Oligogenic inheritance
On the Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species (or, more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life)The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.
See Heredity and On the Origin of Species
Organism
An organism is defined in a medical dictionary as any living thing that functions as an individual.
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), colloquially known as brittle bone disease, is a group of genetic disorders that all result in bones that break easily.
See Heredity and Osteogenesis imperfecta
Overdominance
Overdominance is a phenomenon in genetics where the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside the phenotypical range of both homozygous parents.
See Heredity and Overdominance
Pangenesis
Pangenesis was Charles Darwin's hypothetical mechanism for heredity, in which he proposed that each part of the body continually emitted its own type of small organic particles called gemmules that aggregated in the gonads, contributing heritable information to the gametes.
Particulate inheritance
Particulate inheritance is a pattern of inheritance discovered by Mendelian genetics theorists, such as William Bateson, Ronald Fisher or Gregor Mendel himself, showing that phenotypic traits can be passed from generation to generation through "discrete particles" known as genes, which can keep their ability to be expressed while not always appearing in a descending generation.
See Heredity and Particulate inheritance
Penetrance
Penetrance in genetics is the proportion of individuals carrying a particular variant (or allele) of a gene (genotype) that also expresses an associated trait (phenotype). Heredity and Penetrance are genetics.
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
See Heredity and Phenotypic trait
Phenylketonuria
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism that results in decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine.
See Heredity and Phenylketonuria
Polygene
A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
Polymer
A polymer is a substance or material consisting of very large molecules linked together into chains of repeating subunits.
Prion
A prion is a misfolded protein that can induce misfolding of normal variants of the same protein and trigger cellular death. Heredity and prion are genetics.
Protein structure
Protein structure is the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in an amino acid-chain molecule.
See Heredity and Protein structure
Quantitative trait locus
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus (section of DNA) that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms.
See Heredity and Quantitative trait locus
RNA interference
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression by double-stranded RNA, through translational or transcriptional repression.
See Heredity and RNA interference
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic.
See Heredity and Ronald Fisher
Science Museum, London
The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington, London.
See Heredity and Science Museum, London
Sex chromosome
Sex chromosomes (also referred to as allosomes, heterotypical chromosome, gonosomes, heterochromosomes, or idiochromosomes) are chromosomes that carry the genes that determine the sex of an individual.
See Heredity and Sex chromosome
Sex linkage
Sex linked describes the sex-specific reading patterns of inheritance and presentation when a gene mutation (allele) is present on a sex chromosome (allosome) rather than a non-sex chromosome (autosome). Heredity and sex linkage are genetics.
Sex-determination system
A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.
See Heredity and Sex-determination system
Sex-limited genes
Sex-limited genes are genes that are present in both sexes of sexually reproducing species but are expressed in only one sex and have no penetrance, or are simply 'turned off' in the other.
See Heredity and Sex-limited genes
Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote that develops into an organism composed of cells with two sets of chromosomes (diploid).
See Heredity and Sexual reproduction
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited.
See Heredity and Sickle cell disease
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Speciation
Speciation is the evolutionary process by which populations evolve to become distinct species.
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Spermatozoon
A spermatozoon (also spelled spermatozoön;: spermatozoa) is a motile sperm cell, or moving form of the haploid cell that is the male gamete.
Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.
See Heredity and Stephen Jay Gould
Structural inheritance
Structural inheritance or cortical inheritance is the transmission of an epigenetic trait in a living organism by a self-perpetuating spatial structures.
See Heredity and Structural inheritance
Sun tanning
Sun tanning or tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned.
Sunburn
Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, usually from the Sun.
Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis (endosymbiotic theory, or serial endosymbiotic theory) is the leading evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms.
See Heredity and Symbiogenesis
Tail
The tail is the section at the rear end of certain kinds of animals' bodies; in general, the term refers to a distinct, flexible appendage to the torso.
The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance
"The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance" is a scientific paper by Ronald Fisher which was published in the Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1918, (volume 52, pages 399–433).
See Heredity and The Correlation between Relatives on the Supposition of Mendelian Inheritance
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky (Феодо́сий Григо́рьевич Добржа́нский; Теодо́сій Григо́рович Добржа́нський; January 25, 1900 – December 18, 1975) was an American geneticist and evolutionary biologist.
See Heredity and Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theophrastus
Theophrastus (Θεόφραστος||godly phrased) was a Greek philosopher and the successor to Aristotle in the Peripatetic school.
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is the transmission of epigenetic markers and modifications from one generation to multiple subsequent generations without altering the primary structure of DNA.
See Heredity and Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance
Trofim Lysenko
Trofim Denisovich Lysenko (Трофи́м Дени́сович Лысе́нко; Trokhym Denysovych Lysenko,; 20 November 1976) was a Soviet agronomist and scientist.
See Heredity and Trofim Lysenko
Underdominance
In genetics, underdominance, also known as homozygote advantage, heterozygote disadvantage, or negative overdominance," is the opposite of overdominance.
See Heredity and Underdominance
Uniparental inheritance
Uniparental inheritance is a non-Mendelian form of inheritance that consists of the transmission of genotypes from one parental type to all progeny. Heredity and Uniparental inheritance are genetics.
See Heredity and Uniparental inheritance
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex chromosomes in many organisms, including mammals, and is found in both males and females.
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes in therian mammals and other organisms.
Zygosity
Zygosity (the noun, zygote, is from the Greek "yoked," from "yoke") is the degree to which both copies of a chromosome or gene have the same genetic sequence.
References
Also known as Biological inheritance, Bloodline, Familial trait, Genetic inheritance, Genetic lines, Genetically-inherited, Hereditability, Hereditariness, Hereditary, Hereditary trait, Heredities, Heredity (cont. by William Daniels), Heredity, Historical Perspective, Heridity, Heritable, Inheritable, Inheritance (biology), Inherited trait, Science of heredity, Transmission (genetics).