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87 relations: Algora, Allele, Analysis of variance, Antibiotic, ASReml, Assortative mating, Bayesian statistics, Behavioural genetics, Behavioural sciences, Best linear unbiased prediction, Biological determinism, BLUPF90, C. C. Li, Canalisation (genetics), Coefficient of relationship, Coffee, Correlation and dependence, David Fulker, David Shenk, Dominance (genetics), Endogeneity (econometrics), Environment (biophysical), Epistasis, Errors and residuals, Eye color, Falconer's formula, Gene, Gene-environment correlation, Genetic variation, Genetics, Genome-wide association study, Genome-wide complex trait analysis, Genotype, Heredity, Heritability of IQ, Human hair color, Identity by descent, Intraclass correlation, Iowa State University, Jay Joseph, Jay Laurence Lush, John C. DeFries, Journal of Heredity, Linear function, Linear regression, Linkage disequilibrium, Locus (genetics), Longman, Maternal effect, Mean, ..., Milk, Missing heritability problem, Natural selection, New York University Press, Normal distribution, North Carolina State University, Observational study, Path analysis (statistics), Phenotypic plasticity, Phenotypic trait, Population, Quantitative genetics, Raw data, Regression analysis, Regression toward the mean, Restricted maximum likelihood, Richard Bentall, Ronald Fisher, School of thought, Scientific control, Selective breeding, Sewall Wright, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Social science, Standard error, Statistical model, Statistics, Steven Rose, The Daily Telegraph, The Gene Illusion, Transcription (biology), Twin, Twin study, Univariate, University of Chicago, University of Edinburgh, Weighted arithmetic mean. Expand index (37 more) »
Algora
Algora is a municipality located in the province of Guadalajara, Castile-La Mancha, Spain.
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Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Analysis of variance
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among group means in a sample.
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Antibiotic
An antibiotic (from ancient Greek αντιβιοτικά, antibiotiká), also called an antibacterial, is a type of antimicrobial drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
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ASReml
ASReml is a statistical software package for fitting linear mixed models using restricted maximum likelihood, a technique commonly used in plant and animal breeding and quantitative genetics as well as other fields.
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Assortative mating
Assortative mating is a mating pattern and a form of sexual selection in which individuals with similar phenotypes mate with one another more frequently than would be expected under a random mating pattern.
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Bayesian statistics
Bayesian statistics, named for Thomas Bayes (1701–1761), is a theory in the field of statistics in which the evidence about the true state of the world is expressed in terms of degrees of belief known as Bayesian probabilities.
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Behavioural genetics
Behavioural genetics also referred to as behaviour genetics, is a field of scientific research that uses genetic methods to investigate the nature and origins of individual differences in behaviour.
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Behavioural sciences
The term behavioral sciences encompasses the various disciplines that explores the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in the natural world.
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Best linear unbiased prediction
In statistics, best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) is used in linear mixed models for the estimation of random effects.
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Biological determinism
Biological determinism, also known as genetic determinism or genetic reductionism, is the belief that human behaviour is controlled by an individual's genes or some component of their physiology, generally at the expense of the role of the environment, whether in embryonic development or in learning.
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BLUPF90
The BLUPF90 family of programs is a statistical software package used in quantitative genetics for animal and plant breeding.
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C. C. Li
Ching Chun Li (李景均; pinyin: Lǐ Jǐngjūn; October 27, 1912 in Tianjin, China; October 20, 2003 in Mt. Lebanon, United States) was a respected American population geneticist and human geneticist.
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Canalisation (genetics)
Canalisation is a measure of the ability of a population to produce the same phenotype regardless of variability of its environment or genotype.
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Coefficient of relationship
The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals.
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Coffee
Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant.
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Correlation and dependence
In statistics, dependence or association is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.
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David Fulker
David William Fulker (8 March 1937 – 9 July 1998) was a behavioural geneticist at the University of Colorado's Institute for Behavioral Genetics.
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David Shenk
David Shenk is an American writer, lecturer, and filmmaker.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Endogeneity (econometrics)
In econometrics, endogeneity broadly refers to situations in which an explanatory variable is correlated with the error term.
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Environment (biophysical)
A biophysical environment is a biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism or population, and consequently includes the factors that have an influence in their survival, development, and evolution.
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Epistasis
Epistasis is the phenomenon where the effect of one gene (locus) is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes', i.e. the genetic background.
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Errors and residuals
In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "theoretical value".
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Eye color
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic character determined by two distinct factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
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Falconer's formula
Falconer's formula is used in twin studies to determine the genetic heritability of a trait based on the difference between twin correlations.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Gene-environment correlation
Gene-environment correlation (or genotype-environment correlation) is said to occur when exposure to environmental conditions depends on an individual's genotype.
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Genetic variation
Genetic variation means that biological systems – individuals and populations – are different over space.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Genome-wide association study
In genetics, a genome-wide association study (GWA study, or GWAS), also known as whole genome association study (WGA study, or WGAS), is an observational study of a genome-wide set of genetic variants in different individuals to see if any variant is associated with a trait.
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Genome-wide complex trait analysis
Genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) GREML is a statistical method for variance component estimation in genetics which quantifies the total narrow-sense (additive) contribution to a trait's heritability of a particular subset of genetic variants (typically limited to SNPs with MAF >1%, hence terms such as "chip heritability"/"SNP heritability").
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Genotype
The genotype is the part of the genetic makeup of a cell, and therefore of an organism or individual, which determines one of its characteristics (phenotype).
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Heredity
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
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Heritability of IQ
Research on heritability of IQ implies, from the similarity of IQ in closely related persons, the proportion of variance of IQ among individuals in a study population that is associated with genetic variation within that population.
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Human hair color
Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.
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Identity by descent
A DNA segment is identical by state (IBS) in two or more individuals if they have identical nucleotide sequences in this segment.
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Intraclass correlation
In statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is an inferential statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups.
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Iowa State University
Iowa State University of Science and Technology, generally referred to as Iowa State, is a public flagship land-grant and space-grant research university located in Ames, Iowa, United States.
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Jay Joseph
Jay Joseph (born April 13, 1959) is an American clinical psychologist and author.
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Jay Laurence Lush
Jay Laurence Lush (January 3, 1896 – May 22, 1982) was a pioneering animal geneticist who made important contributions to livestock breeding.
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John C. DeFries
John C. DeFries (born November 26, 1934) is one of the world's leading behavior geneticists.
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Journal of Heredity
The Journal of Heredity is a peer-reviewed scientific journal concerned with heredity in a biological sense, covering all aspects of genetics.
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Linear function
In mathematics, the term linear function refers to two distinct but related notions.
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Linear regression
In statistics, linear regression is a linear approach to modelling the relationship between a scalar response (or dependent variable) and one or more explanatory variables (or independent variables).
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Linkage disequilibrium
In population genetics, linkage disequilibrium is the non-random association of alleles at different loci in a given population.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Longman
Longman, commonly known as Pearson Longman, is a publishing company founded in London, England, in 1724 and is owned by Pearson PLC.
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Maternal effect
A maternal effect is a situation where the phenotype of an organism is determined not only by the environment it experiences and its genotype, but also by the environment and genotype of its mother.
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Mean
In mathematics, mean has several different definitions depending on the context.
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Milk
Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.
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Missing heritability problem
The "missing heritability" problem is the fact that single genetic variations cannot account for much of the heritability of diseases, behaviors, and other phenotypes.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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New York University Press
New York University Press (or NYU Press) is a university press that is part of New York University.
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Normal distribution
In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.
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North Carolina State University
North Carolina State University (also referred to as NCSU, NC State, or just State) is a public research university located in Raleigh, North Carolina, United States.
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Observational study
In fields such as epidemiology, social sciences, psychology and statistics, an observational study draws inferences from a sample to a population where the independent variable is not under the control of the researcher because of ethical concerns or logistical constraints.
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Path analysis (statistics)
In statistics, path analysis is used to describe the directed dependencies among a set of variables.
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Phenotypic plasticity
Phenotypic plasticity refers to some of the changes in an organism's behavior, morphology and physiology in response to a unique environment.
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Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, or simply trait, is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
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Population
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
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Quantitative genetics
Quantitative genetics is a branch of population genetics that deals with phenotypes that vary continuously (in characters such as height or mass)—as opposed to discretely identifiable phenotypes and gene-products (such as eye-colour, or the presence of a particular biochemical).
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Raw data
Raw data, also known as primary data, is data (e.g., numbers, instrument readings, figures, etc.) collected from a source.
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Regression analysis
In statistical modeling, regression analysis is a set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships among variables.
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Regression toward the mean
In statistics, regression toward (or to) the mean is the phenomenon that if a variable is extreme on its first measurement, it will tend to be closer to the average on its second measurement—and if it is extreme on its second measurement, it will tend to have been closer to the average on its first.
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Restricted maximum likelihood
In statistics, the restricted (or residual, or reduced) maximum likelihood (REML) approach is a particular form of maximum likelihood estimation that does not base estimates on a maximum likelihood fit of all the information, but instead uses a likelihood function calculated from a transformed set of data, so that nuisance parameters have no effect.
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Richard Bentall
Richard Bentall, FBA (born 30 September 1956) is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool in the UK.
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Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962), who published as R. A. Fisher, was a British statistician and geneticist.
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School of thought
A school of thought (or intellectual tradition) is a collection or group of people who share common characteristics of opinion or outlook of a philosophy, discipline, belief, social movement, economics, cultural movement, or art movement.
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Scientific control
A scientific control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable.
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Selective breeding
Selective breeding (also called artificial selection) is the process by which humans use animal breeding and plant breeding to selectively develop particular phenotypic traits (characteristics) by choosing which typically animal or plant males and females will sexually reproduce and have offspring together.
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Sewall Wright
Sewall Green Wright (December 21, 1889March 3, 1988) was an American geneticist known for his influential work on evolutionary theory and also for his work on path analysis.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Social science
Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.
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Standard error
The standard error (SE) of a statistic (usually an estimate of a parameter) is the standard deviation of its sampling distribution or an estimate of that standard deviation.
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Statistical model
A statistical model is a mathematical model that embodies a set of statistical assumptions concerning the generation of some sample data and similar data from a larger population.
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Statistics
Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.
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Steven Rose
Steven Peter Russell Rose (born 4 July 1938) is an English neuroscientist, author, and social commentator.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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The Gene Illusion
The Gene Illusion is a 2003 book by clinical psychologist Jay Joseph, in which the author challenges the evidence underlying genetic theories in psychiatry and psychology.
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Transcription (biology)
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, in which a particular segment of DNA is copied into RNA (especially mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase.
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Twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.
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Twin study
Twin studies are studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins.
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Univariate
In mathematics, univariate refers to an expression, equation, function or polynomial of only one variable.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh (abbreviated as Edin. in post-nominals), founded in 1582, is the sixth oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's ancient universities.
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Weighted arithmetic mean
The weighted arithmetic mean is similar to an ordinary arithmetic mean (the most common type of average), except that instead of each of the data points contributing equally to the final average, some data points contribute more than others.
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Breeder's equation, Broad-sense heritability, Heeitable, Heritable, Heritable trait, Narrow heritability, Non-heritable variations.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritability
