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Illegal drug trade

Index Illegal drug trade

The illegal drug trade or drug trafficking is a global black market dedicated to the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of drugs that are subject to drug prohibition laws. [1]

138 relations: 'Ndrangheta, Aceh, Afghanistan, Al-Qaeda, Alcoholic drink, Allegations of CIA drug trafficking, American Mafia, Antonio Maria Costa, Arguments for and against drug prohibition, Baby boomers, Benzodiazepine, Black market, Cannabis (drug), Capital punishment, Capital punishment by the United States federal government, CBS News, Chicago, China, Clandestine chemistry, Cocaine, Cocaine in the United States, Colima Cartel, Colorado Amendment 64, Corruption in Mexico, Counterfeit medications, Crack cocaine, Dark web, Darknet market, Denatured alcohol, Dominican Republic, Drug, Drug cartel, Drug Enforcement Administration, Drug liberalization, Drug prohibition law, Eastern Europe, Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, El Universal (Caracas), Federal Bureau of Investigation, Federal Ministerial Police, First Opium War, Flagellation, Franchising, French Connection, Gangster Disciples, Ghana, Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia), Gross domestic product, Gulf Cartel, Haiti, ..., Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, Hashish, Hemp, Hepatitis C, Heroin, HIV, Honduras, HSBC, HuffPost, Ike Atkinson, Illegal drug trade in China, Illegal drug trade in Colombia, Institutional Revolutionary Party, International Crisis Group, International Opium Convention, Interpol, Legal drug trade, License, List of countries by intentional homicide rate, List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal), List of countries with alcohol prohibition, Maghreb, Mérida Initiative, MDMA, Methamphetamine, Mexican Army, Mexican Revolution, Mexico, Mexico–United States border, Michoacán, Money laundering, MS-13, Narco-state, Narcosobrinos affair, National Action Party (Mexico), Nicolás Maduro, Nigeria, Nimetazepam, North Korea, NPR, Opium, Opium production in Afghanistan, Organized crime, Pharmacy Act 1868, Political corruption, President of Mexico, Prohibition in the United States, Prohibition of drugs, Prohibitionism, Puerto Rico, Qing dynasty, Reuters, Rolling meth lab, Saudi Arabia, Second French Empire, Second Opium War, Senegal, September 11 attacks, Sinaloa Cartel, Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, Sourcebooks, Street or road name, Sudhir Venkatesh, The New Republic, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Tijuana Cartel, Time (magazine), Treaty of Nanking, Treaty of Tientsin, U.S. state, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, United Nations, United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, United States, Uruguay, Van Tuong Nguyen, Vice (magazine), Vice News, Vicente Fox, Vietnam War, Violent crime, War on drugs, Washington Initiative 502, West Africa, Western world, 18th Street gang. Expand index (88 more) »

'Ndrangheta

The 'Ndràngheta is an organized crime group centered in Calabria, Italy.

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Aceh

Aceh; (Acehnese: Acèh; Jawoë:; Dutch: Atjeh or Aceh) is a province of Indonesia.

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda (القاعدة,, translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988.

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Alcoholic drink

An alcoholic drink (or alcoholic beverage) is a drink that contains ethanol, a type of alcohol produced by fermentation of grains, fruits, or other sources of sugar.

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Allegations of CIA drug trafficking

The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has been accused of involvement in drug trafficking.

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American Mafia

The American Mafia (commonly referred to as the Mafia or the Mob, though "the Mob" can refer to other organized crime groups) or Italian-American Mafia, is the highly organized Italian-American criminal society.

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Antonio Maria Costa

Antonio Maria Costa (born 16 June 1941) is an Italian economist.

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Arguments for and against drug prohibition

Arguments about the prohibition of drugs, and over drug policy reform, are subjects of considerable controversy.

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Baby boomers

Baby Boomers (also known as Boomers) are the demographic cohort following the Silent Generation and preceding Generation X. There are varying timelines defining the start and the end of this cohort; demographers and researchers typically use birth years starting from the early- to mid-1940s and ending anywhere from 1960 to 1964.

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Benzodiazepine

Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.

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Black market

A black market, underground economy, or shadow economy is a clandestine market or transaction that has some aspect of illegality or is characterized by some form of noncompliant behavior with an institutional set of rules.

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Cannabis (drug)

Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a psychoactive drug from the ''Cannabis'' plant intended for medical or recreational use.

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Capital punishment

Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.

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Capital punishment by the United States federal government

Capital punishment is a legal penalty under the United States federal government criminal justice system.

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CBS News

CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Clandestine chemistry

Clandestine chemistry is chemistry carried out in secret, and particularly in illegal drug laboratories.

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Cocaine

Cocaine, also known as coke, is a strong stimulant mostly used as a recreational drug.

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Cocaine in the United States

Cocaine is the second most popular illegal recreational drug in the United States behind marijuana, and the U.S. is the world's largest consumer of cocaine.

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Colima Cartel

The Colima Cartel (Cártel de Colima) was a Mexican drug trafficking and methamphetamine producing cartel operating in Guadalajara, Jalisco.

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Colorado Amendment 64

Colorado Amendment 64 was a successful popular initiative ballot measure to amend the Constitution of the State of Colorado, outlining a statewide drug policy for cannabis.

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Corruption in Mexico

Corruption in Mexico has permeated several segments of society – political, economic, and social – and has greatly affected the country’s legitimacy, transparency, accountability, and effectiveness.

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Counterfeit medications

A counterfeit medication or a counterfeit drug is a medication or pharmaceutical product which is produced and sold with the intent to deceptively represent its origin, authenticity or effectiveness.

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Crack cocaine

Crack cocaine, also known simply as crack, is a free base form of cocaine that can be smoked.

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Dark web

The dark web is the World Wide Web content that exists on darknets, overlay networks that use the Internet but require specific software, configurations or authorization to access.

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Darknet market

A darknet market or cryptomarket is a commercial website on the web that operates via darknets such as Tor or I2P.

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Denatured alcohol

Denatured alcohol, also called methylated spirit (methylated spirits in Australia and New Zealand) or denatured rectified spirit, is ethanol that has additives to make it poisonous, bad tasting, foul smelling or nauseating, to discourage recreational consumption.

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Dominican Republic

The Dominican Republic (República Dominicana) is a sovereign state located in the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region.

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Drug

A drug is any substance (other than food that provides nutritional support) that, when inhaled, injected, smoked, consumed, absorbed via a patch on the skin, or dissolved under the tongue causes a temporary physiological (and often psychological) change in the body.

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Drug cartel

A drug cartel is any criminal organization with the intention of supplying drug trafficking operations.

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Drug Enforcement Administration

The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a United States federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice, tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the United States.

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Drug liberalization

Drug liberalization is the process of eliminating or reducing drug prohibition laws.

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Drug prohibition law

Drug prohibition law is prohibition-based law by which governments prohibit, except under licence, the production, supply, and possession of many, but not all, substances which are recognized as drugs, and which corresponds to international treaty commitments in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs 1961, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances 1971, and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 1988.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

The Eighteenth Amendment (Amendment XVIII) of the United States Constitution effectively established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol (though not the consumption or private possession) illegal.

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El Universal (Caracas)

El Universal is a major Venezuelan newspaper, headquartered in Caracas with an average daily circulation of about 150,000.

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Federal Bureau of Investigation

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), formerly the Bureau of Investigation (BOI), is the domestic intelligence and security service of the United States, and its principal federal law enforcement agency.

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Federal Ministerial Police

The Federal Ministerial Police (in Spanish: Policía Federal Ministerial, PFM) is a Mexican federal agency tasked with fighting corruption and organized crime, through an executive order by President Vicente Fox Quesada.

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First Opium War

The First Opium War (第一次鴉片戰爭), also known as the Opium War or the Anglo-Chinese War, was a series of military engagements fought between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade, and the administration of justice in China.

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Flagellation

Flagellation (Latin flagellum, "whip"), flogging, whipping or lashing is the act of beating the human body with special implements such as whips, lashes, rods, switches, the cat o' nine tails, the sjambok, etc.

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Franchising

Franchising is based on a marketing concept which can be adopted by an organisation as a strategy for business expansion.

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French Connection

The French Connection was a scheme through which heroin was smuggled from Turkey to France and then to the United States through Canada.

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Gangster Disciples

The Gangster Disciples are a Community Organization which was formed on the South-side of Chicago in the late 1960s, by Larry Hoover, leader of the High Life Supreme Gangsters, and David Barksdale, leader of the Black Disciples.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)

The Golden Triangle is the area where the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar meet at the confluence of the Ruak and Mekong Rivers.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Gulf Cartel

The Gulf Cartel (Cártel del Golfo, Golfos, or CDG) is a criminal syndicate and drug trafficking organization in Mexico, and perhaps one of the oldest organized crime groups in the country. It is currently based in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, directly across the border from Brownsville, Texas. Their network is international, and are believed to have dealings with crime groups in Europe, West Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, and the United States. Besides drug trafficking, the Gulf Cartel operates through protection rackets, assassinations, extortions, kidnappings, and other criminal activities. The members of the Gulf Cartel are known for intimidating the population and for being particularly violent. Although its founder Juan Nepomuceno Guerra smuggled alcohol in large quantities to the United States during the Prohibition era, it was not until the 1980s that the cartel was formed and shifted to drug trafficking — primarily cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin — under the command of Juan Nepomuceno Guerra and Juan García Ábrego.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

The Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (Ch. 1) was a United States federal law that regulated and taxed the production, importation, and distribution of opiates and coca products.

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Hashish

Hashish, or hash, is a drug made from cannabis.

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Hemp

Hemp, or industrial hemp (from Old English hænep), typically found in the northern hemisphere, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products.

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Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver.

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Heroin

Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.

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HIV

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a subgroup of retrovirus) that causes HIV infection and over time acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

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Honduras

Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.

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HSBC

HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational banking and financial services holding company, tracing its origin to a hong in Hong Kong.

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HuffPost

HuffPost (formerly The Huffington Post and sometimes abbreviated HuffPo) is a liberal American news and opinion website and blog that has both localized and international editions.

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Ike Atkinson

Leslie "Ike" Atkinson (November 19, 1925 – November 11, 2014) was a US Army master sergeant and convicted drug trafficker, believed to have been a major figure in smuggling heroin into the United States from Southeast Asia from about 1968 to 1975.

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Illegal drug trade in China

The illegal drug trade in China is influenced by factors such as history, location, size, population, and current economic conditions.

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Illegal drug trade in Colombia

Illegal drug trade in Colombia (Narcotráfico en Colombia) refers to a practice of Colombian criminal groups of producing and distributing illegal drugs.

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Institutional Revolutionary Party

The Institutional Revolutionary Party (Partido Revolucionario Institucional, PRI) is a Mexican political party founded in 1929 that held power uninterruptedly in the country for 71 years from 1929 to 2000, first as the National Revolutionary Party (Partido Nacional Revolucionario, PNR), then as the Party of the Mexican Revolution (Partido de la Revolución Mexicana, PRM), and finally renaming itself as the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1946.

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International Crisis Group

The International Crisis Group (ICG; also simply known as the Crisis Group) is a transnational non-profit, non-governmental organization founded in 1995 that carries out field research on violent conflict and advances policies to prevent, mitigate or resolve conflict.

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International Opium Convention

The International Opium Convention, signed at The Hague on January 23, 1912 during the First International Opium Conference, was the first international drug control treaty.

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Interpol

The International Criminal Police Organization (Organisation internationale de police criminelle; ICPO-INTERPOL), more commonly known as Interpol, is an international organization that facilitates international police cooperation.

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Legal drug trade

Legal drug trade, as with other goods object of commerce, in opposition to smuggling or ''illegal'' drug trade, most psychotropic substances' commerce is under control and taxation by world governments, regardless of the relative perceived danger of the goods that are the object of legislation.

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License

A license (American English) or licence (British English) is an official permission or permit to do, use, or own something (as well as the document of that permission or permit).

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List of countries by intentional homicide rate

List of countries by intentional homicide rate per year per 100,000 inhabitants.

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List of countries by past and projected GDP (nominal)

This is an alphabetical list of countries by past and projected gross domestic product (nominal) as ranked by the IMF.

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List of countries with alcohol prohibition

The following countries have or had comprehensive prohibitions against alcohol.

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Maghreb

The Maghreb (al-Maɣréb lit.), also known as the Berber world, Barbary, Berbery, and Northwest Africa, is a major region of North Africa that consists primarily of the countries Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya and Mauritania.

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Mérida Initiative

The Mérida Initiative (also called Plan Mexico by critics, in reference to Plan Colombia) is a security cooperation agreement among the United States, the government of Mexico, and the countries of Central America, with the declared aim of combating the threats of drug trafficking, transnational organized crime, and money laundering.

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MDMA

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), commonly known as ecstasy (E), is a psychoactive drug used primarily as a recreational drug.

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Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

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Mexican Army

The Mexican Army (Ejército Mexicano) is the combined land and air branch and is the largest of the Mexican Armed Forces; it is also known as the National Defense Army.

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Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana) was a major armed struggle,, that radically transformed Mexican culture and government.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico–United States border

The Mexico–United States border is an international border separating Mexico and the United States, extending from the Pacific Ocean to the west and Gulf of Mexico to the east.

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Michoacán

Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Money laundering

Money laundering is the act of concealing the transformation of profits from illegal activities and corruption into ostensibly "legitimate" assets.

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MS-13

Mara Salvatrucha (MS), also known as MS-13 (the 13 representing their Sureño affiliation), is an international criminal gang that originated in Los Angeles, California, in the 1980s.

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Narco-state

Narco-state (also narco-capitalism or narco-economy) is a political and economic term applied to states where all legitimate institutions become penetrated by the power and wealth of the illegal drug trade.

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Narcosobrinos affair

The Narcosobrinos affair (Spanish for Narconephews) is the situation of events that surrounded two nephews of Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores who were arrested for narcotics trafficking.

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National Action Party (Mexico)

The National Action Party (Partido Acción Nacional, PAN), founded in 1939, is one of the three main political parties in Mexico.

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Nicolás Maduro

Nicolás Maduro Moros (born 23 November 1962) is a Venezuelan politician who has served as the 63rd President of Venezuela since 2013 and previously served under President Hugo Chávez as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2006 to 2013 and as Vice President of Venezuela from 2012 to 2013.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Nimetazepam

Nimetazepam (marketed under brand name Erimin and Lavol) is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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NPR

National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.

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Opium

Opium (poppy tears, with the scientific name: Lachryma papaveris) is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (scientific name: Papaver somniferum).

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Opium production in Afghanistan

Afghanistan has been the world's leading illicit opium producer since 1992 (excluding the year 2001).

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Organized crime

Organized crime is a category of transnational, national, or local groupings of highly centralized enterprises run by criminals who intend to engage in illegal activity, most commonly for money and profit.

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Pharmacy Act 1868

The Pharmacy Act 1868 was the major 19th-century legislation in the United Kingdom limiting the sale of poisons and dangerous drugs to qualified pharmacists and druggists.

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Political corruption

Political corruption is the use of powers by government officials or their network contacts for illegitimate private gain.

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President of Mexico

The President of Mexico (Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and government of Mexico.

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Prohibition in the United States

Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933.

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Prohibition of drugs

The prohibition of drugs through sumptuary legislation or religious law is a common means of attempting to prevent the recreational use of certain harmful drugs and other intoxicating substances.

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Prohibitionism

Prohibitionism is a legal philosophy and political theory often used in lobbying which holds that citizens will abstain from actions if the actions are typed as unlawful (i.e. prohibited) and the prohibitions are enforced by law enforcement.

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Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Rolling meth lab

A rolling meth lab is a transportable laboratory that is used to illegally produce methamphetamine.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Second French Empire

The French Second Empire (Second Empire) was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870, between the Second Republic and the Third Republic, in France.

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Second Opium War

The Second Opium War (第二次鴉片戰爭), the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Second China War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war pitting the United Kingdom and the French Empire against the Qing dynasty of China, lasting from 1856 to 1860.

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Senegal

Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.

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September 11 attacks

The September 11, 2001 attacks (also referred to as 9/11) were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda against the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001.

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Sinaloa Cartel

The Sinaloa Cartel (Cártel de Sinaloa) is an international drug trafficking, money laundering, and organized crime syndicate.

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Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research.

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Sourcebooks

Sourcebooks, Inc., is an independent book publisher founded by Dominique Raccah located in Naperville, Illinois, in the western suburbs of Chicago.

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Street or road name

A street or road name or odonym is an identifying name given to a street.

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Sudhir Venkatesh

Sudhir Alladi Venkatesh (born 1966) is an Indian American sociologist and urban ethnographer.

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The New Republic

The New Republic is a liberal American magazine of commentary on politics and the arts, published since 1914, with influence on American political and cultural thinking.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Tijuana Cartel

The Tijuana Cartel (Spanish: Cártel de Tijuana) or Arellano-Félix Organization (Spanish: Cártel Arellano Félix - CAF) is a Mexican drug cartel based in Tijuana.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Treaty of Nanking

The Treaty of Nanking or Nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the First Opium War (1839–42) between the United Kingdom and the Qing dynasty of China on 29 August 1842.

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Treaty of Tientsin

The Treaty of Tientsin, now also known as the Treaty of Tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at Tianjin (then romanized as Tientsin) in June 1858.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

The United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 is one of three major drug control treaties currently in force.

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United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC; French: Office des Nations unies contre la drogue et le crime) is a United Nations office that was established in 1997 as the Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention by combining the United Nations International Drug Control Program (UNDCP) and the Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Division in the United Nations Office at Vienna.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Uruguay

Uruguay, officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (República Oriental del Uruguay), is a sovereign state in the southeastern region of South America.

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Van Tuong Nguyen

Van Tuong Nguyen (Vietnamese: Nguyễn Tường Vân,; 17 August 1980 – 2 December 2005) baptised Caleb, was an Australian from Melbourne, Victoria convicted of drug trafficking in Singapore.

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Vice (magazine)

Vice is a Canadian-American print magazine focused on arts, culture, and news topics.

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Vice News

Vice News (stylized as VICE News) is Vice Media, Inc.'s current affairs channel, producing daily documentary essays and video through its website and YouTube channel.

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Vicente Fox

Vicente Fox Quesada, (born 2 July 1942) is a Mexican businessman and politician who served as the 55th President of Mexico from December 1, 2000 to November 30, 2006.

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Vietnam War

The Vietnam War (Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.

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Violent crime

A violent crime or crime of violence is a crime in which an offender or perpetrator uses or threatens to use force upon a victim.

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War on drugs

War on Drugs is an American term usually applied to the U.S. federal government's campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military intervention, with the stated aim being to reduce the illegal drug trade.

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Washington Initiative 502

Washington Initiative 502 (I-502) "on marijuana reform" was an initiative to the Washington State Legislature, which appeared on the November 2012 general ballot, passing by a margin of approximately 56 to 44 percent.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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18th Street gang

18th Street, also known as Calle 18, Barrio 18, Mara 18, or simply La 18 in Central America, is a multi-ethnic (largely Central American and Mexican) transnational criminal organization that started as a street gang in Los Angeles.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegal_drug_trade

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