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81 relations: Acrolein, Acrylic acid, Adsorption, Aluminium oxide, Ammonia, Ammoxidation, Andrussow process, Carbocatalysis, Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Carl Bosch, Catalysis, Catalyst poisoning, Catalyst support, Catalytic converter, Chemisorption, Chemistry, Claus process, Cobalt, Coking, Contact process, Dehydrogenation, Diesel fuel, Dispersion (materials science), Duncan's paradox, Epicatalysis, Ethylbenzene, Ethylene, Ethylene oxide, Fritz Haber, Gas, Gasoline, Gerhard Ertl, Haber process, Heterogeneous gold catalysis, Homogeneous catalysis, Hydrocarbon, Hydrodesulfurization, Hydroformylation, Hydrogen spillover, Irving Langmuir, Isomerization, Lennard-Jones potential, Liquid, Magnesium chloride, Margarine, Mesoporous silicate, Metal, Molybdenum, Nanomaterial-based catalyst, ..., Nitric oxide, Nitrile, Nitrogen, Nobel Prize, Oil, Ostwald process, Oxide, Phase transition, Phenethylamine, Physisorption, Platinum nanoparticle, Polypropylene, Propene, Raney nickel, Reactions on surfaces, Reagent, Redox, Silver, Sintering, Solid, Steam reforming, Styrene, Surface diffusion, Surface science, Temperature-programmed reduction, Thermal desorption spectroscopy, Titanium(III) chloride, Van der Waals force, Water, Water splitting, Ziegler–Natta catalyst. Expand index (31 more) »
Acrolein
Acrolein (systematic name: propenal) is the simplest unsaturated aldehyde.
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Acrylic acid
Acrylic acid (IUPAC: propenoic acid) is an organic compound with the formula CH2.
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Adsorption
Adsorption is the adhesion of atoms, ions or molecules from a gas, liquid or dissolved solid to a surface.
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Aluminium oxide
Aluminium oxide (British English) or aluminum oxide (American English) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula 23.
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Ammonia
Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.
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Ammoxidation
In chemistry, ammoxidation is an industrial process for the production of nitriles using ammonia and oxygen.
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Andrussow process
The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst.
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Carbocatalysis
Carbocatalysis is a form of catalysis that uses heterogeneous carbon materials for the transformation or synthesis of organic or inorganic substrates.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Carl Bosch
Carl Bosch (27 August 1874 – 26 April 1940) was a German chemist and engineer and Nobel Laureate in Chemistry.
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Catalysis
Catalysis is the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of an additional substance called a catalysthttp://goldbook.iupac.org/C00876.html, which is not consumed in the catalyzed reaction and can continue to act repeatedly.
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Catalyst poisoning
Catalyst poisoning refers to the partial or total deactivation of a catalyst.
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Catalyst support
In chemistry, a catalyst support is the material, usually a solid with a high surface area, to which a catalyst is affixed.
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Catalytic converter
A catalytic converter is an exhaust emission control device that converts toxic gases and pollutants in exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine into less-toxic pollutants by catalyzing a redox reaction (an oxidation and a reduction reaction).
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Chemisorption
Chemisorption is a kind of adsorption which involves a chemical reaction between the surface and the adsorbate.
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Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with compounds composed of atoms, i.e. elements, and molecules, i.e. combinations of atoms: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other compounds.
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Claus process
The Claus process is the most significant gas desulfurizing process, recovering elemental sulfur from gaseous hydrogen sulfide.
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Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27.
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Coking
Coking is the deposition of carbon-rich solids.
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Contact process
The contact process is the current method of producing sulfuric acid in the high concentrations needed for industrial processes.
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Dehydrogenation
Dehydrogenation is a chemical reaction that involves the removal of hydrogen from an organic molecule.
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Diesel fuel
Diesel fuel in general is any liquid fuel used in diesel engines, whose fuel ignition takes place, without any spark, as a result of compression of the inlet air mixture and then injection of fuel.
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Dispersion (materials science)
In materials science, dispersion is the fraction of atoms of a material exposed to the surface.
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Duncan's paradox
Duncan's paradox is a thermodynamic thought experiment proposed by T. Duncan in 2000 that has connections to the second law of thermodynamics and catalysis.
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Epicatalysis
Epicatalysis is a newly identified class of gas-surface heterogeneous catalysis in which specific gas-surface reactions shift gas phase species concentrations away from those normally associated with gas-phase equilibrium.
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Ethylbenzene
Ethylbenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2CH3.
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Ethylene
Ethylene (IUPAC name: ethene) is a hydrocarbon which has the formula or H2C.
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Ethylene oxide
Ethylene oxide, called oxirane by IUPAC, is an organic compound with the formula. It is a cyclic ether and the simplest epoxide: a three-membered ring consisting of one oxygen atom and two carbon atoms. Ethylene oxide is a colorless and flammable gas with a faintly sweet odor. Because it is a strained ring, ethylene oxide easily participates in a number of addition reactions that result in ring-opening. Ethylene oxide is isomeric with acetaldehyde and with vinyl alcohol. Ethylene oxide is industrially produced by oxidation of ethylene in the presence of silver catalyst. The reactivity that is responsible for many of ethylene oxide's hazards also make it useful. Although too dangerous for direct household use and generally unfamiliar to consumers, ethylene oxide is used for making many consumer products as well as non-consumer chemicals and intermediates. These products include detergents, thickeners, solvents, plastics, and various organic chemicals such as ethylene glycol, ethanolamines, simple and complex glycols, polyglycol ethers, and other compounds. Although it is a vital raw material with diverse applications, including the manufacture of products like polysorbate 20 and polyethylene glycol (PEG) that are often more effective and less toxic than alternative materials, ethylene oxide itself is a very hazardous substance. At room temperature it is a flammable, carcinogenic, mutagenic, irritating, and anaesthetic gas. As a toxic gas that leaves no residue on items it contacts, ethylene oxide is a surface disinfectant that is widely used in hospitals and the medical equipment industry to replace steam in the sterilization of heat-sensitive tools and equipment, such as disposable plastic syringes. It is so flammable and extremely explosive that it is used as a main component of thermobaric weapons; therefore, it is commonly handled and shipped as a refrigerated liquid to control its hazardous nature.Rebsdat, Siegfried and Mayer, Dieter (2005) "Ethylene Oxide" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim..
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Fritz Haber
Fritz Haber (9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber–Bosch process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
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Gas
Gas is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being solid, liquid, and plasma).
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Gasoline
Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
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Gerhard Ertl
Gerhard Ertl (born 10 October 1936) is a German physicist and a Professor emeritus at the Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft in Berlin, Germany.
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Haber process
The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today.
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Heterogeneous gold catalysis
Heterogeneous gold catalysis refers to the catalysis of chemical reactions by gold nanoparticles, typically supported on metal oxide substrates.
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Homogeneous catalysis
In chemistry, homogeneous catalysis is catalysis in a solution by a soluble catalyst.
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Hydrocarbon
In organic chemistry, a hydrocarbon is an organic compound consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
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Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) is a catalytic chemical process widely used to remove sulfur (S) from natural gas and from refined petroleum products, such as gasoline or petrol, jet fuel, kerosene, diesel fuel, and fuel oils.
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Hydroformylation
Hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes from alkenes.
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Hydrogen spillover
In heterogeneous catalysis, hydrogen molecules can be adsorbed and dissociated by the metal catalyst.
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Irving Langmuir
Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 – August 16, 1957) was an American chemist and physicist.
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Isomerization
In chemistry isomerization (also isomerisation) is the process by which one molecule is transformed into another molecule which has exactly the same atoms, but the atoms have a different arrangement e.g. A-B-C → B-A-C (these related molecules are known as isomers). In some molecules and under some conditions, isomerization occurs spontaneously.
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Lennard-Jones potential
The Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the L-J potential, 6-12 potential, or 12-6 potential) is a mathematically simple model that approximates the interaction between a pair of neutral atoms or molecules.
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Liquid
A liquid is a nearly incompressible fluid that conforms to the shape of its container but retains a (nearly) constant volume independent of pressure.
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Magnesium chloride
Magnesium chloride is the name for the chemical compound with the formula MgCl2 and its various hydrates MgCl2(H2O)x.
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Margarine
Margarine is an imitation butter spread used for flavoring, baking, and cooking.
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Mesoporous silicate
Mesoporous silicates are silicates with a special morphology.
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Metal
A metal (from Greek μέταλλον métallon, "mine, quarry, metal") is a material (an element, compound, or alloy) that is typically hard when in solid state, opaque, shiny, and has good electrical and thermal conductivity.
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Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element with symbol Mo and atomic number 42.
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Nanomaterial-based catalyst
Nanomaterial-based catalysts are usually heterogeneous catalysts broken up into metal nanoparticles in order to speed up the catalytic process.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Nitrile
A nitrile is any organic compound that has a −C≡N functional group.
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Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element with symbol N and atomic number 7.
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Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prize (Swedish definite form, singular: Nobelpriset; Nobelprisen) is a set of six annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, or scientific advances.
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Oil
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").
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Ostwald process
The Ostwald process is a chemical process for making nitric acid (HNO3).
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Oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound that contains at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
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Phase transition
The term phase transition (or phase change) is most commonly used to describe transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous states of matter, and, in rare cases, plasma.
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Phenethylamine
Phenethylamine (PEA) is an organic compound, natural monoamine alkaloid, and trace amine which acts as a central nervous system stimulant in humans.
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Physisorption
Physisorption, also called physical adsorption, is a process in which the electronic structure of the atom or molecule is barely perturbed upon adsorption.
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Platinum nanoparticle
Platinum nanoparticles are usually in the form of a suspension or colloid of nanoparticles of platinum in a fluid, usually water.
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Polypropylene
Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications.
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Propene
Propene, also known as propylene or methyl ethylene, is an unsaturated organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6.
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Raney nickel
Raney nickel, also called spongy nickel, is a fine-grained solid composed mostly of nickel derived from a nickel-aluminium alloy.
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Reactions on surfaces
Reactions on surfaces are reactions in which at least one of the steps of the reaction mechanism is the adsorption of one or more reactants.
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Reagent
A reagent is a substance or compound added to a system to cause a chemical reaction, or added to test if a reaction occurs.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Silver
Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.
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Sintering
Clinker nodules produced by sintering Sintering is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.
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Solid
Solid is one of the four fundamental states of matter (the others being liquid, gas, and plasma).
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Steam reforming
Steam reforming is a method for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or other useful products from hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas.
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Styrene
Styrene, also known as ethenylbenzene, vinylbenzene, and phenylethene, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH.
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Surface diffusion
Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces.
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Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.
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Temperature-programmed reduction
Temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) is a technique for the characterization of solid materials and is often used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis to find the most efficient reduction conditions, an oxidized catalyst precursor is submitted to a programmed temperature rise while a reducing gas mixture is flowed over it.
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Thermal desorption spectroscopy
Thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), also known as temperature programmed desorption (TPD) is the method of observing desorbed molecules from a surface when the surface temperature is increased.
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Titanium(III) chloride
Titanium(III) chloride is the inorganic compound with the formula TiCl3.
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Van der Waals force
In molecular physics, the van der Waals forces, named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, are distance-dependent interactions between atoms or molecules.
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Water
Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.
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Water splitting
Water splitting is the general term for a chemical reaction in which water is separated into oxygen and hydrogen.
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Ziegler–Natta catalyst
A Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, is a catalyst used in the synthesis of polymers of 1-alkenes (alpha-olefins).
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Heterogeneous catalyst, Heterogeneous catalysts, Heterogenous catalysis, Heterogenous catalyst.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterogeneous_catalysis
