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236 relations: Adalbert of Magdeburg, Adalbert of Prague, Albert, Duke of Prussia, Albrecht Giese, Aleksander Gieysztor, Andreas Schlüter, Andrzej Chwalba, Anschluss, Archaeology of Northern Europe, Arthur Schopenhauer, Artisan, Austria, Avraham Danzig, Baltic Sea, Bartholomaeus Nigrinus, Battle of Westerplatte, Bernhard von Reesen, Bohemia, Bolesław I the Brave, Bolesław III Wrymouth, Bremen, Bronze Age, Bubonic plague, Burkhard Christoph von Münnich, Calvinism, Casimir III the Great, Casimir IV Jagiellon, Catholic Church, Centre Party (Germany), Charles X Gustav of Sweden, Cistercians, Commission for the Determination of Place Names, Communism, Conrad Letzkau, Curzon Line, Customs union, Daniel Chodowiecki, Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Daniel Gralath, Daniel Schultz, Danzig (region), Danzig gulden, Danzig rebellion, Danzig Research Society, Dariusz Michalczewski, De facto, Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig, Dendrochronology, Dominican Order, Donald Tusk, ..., Duchy of Prussia, Dutch Republic, East Prussia, Edward O'Rourke, Elbląg, Emanuel Rostworowski, Ferdinand Schichau, Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50), Frankfurt Parliament, Franz Rhode, Free City of Danzig, Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic), Frombork, Günter Grass, Gdańsk, Gdynia, Georg Forster, Georg Joachim Rheticus, German Confederation, German Empire, German language, German–Polish customs war, German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact, Goldwasser, Gottfried Lengnich, Gottlieb Hufeland, Grain trade, Greater Poland, Guillotine, Hans Memling, Hanseatic League, Hectare, History of Poland during the Piast dynasty, History of the Jews in Gdańsk, Holy Roman Empire, Industrial Revolution, Intelligentsia, Internment, Iron Age, Jacob Theodor Klein, Janusz Tazbir, Jewish Virtual Library, Jews, Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz, Johanna Schopenhauer, Johannes Daniel Falk, Johannes Dantiscus, Johannes Hevelius, Kashubian language, Kashubians, Kehilla (modern), Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385), Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569), Kingdom of Prussia, Kraków, Kristallnacht, Last Judgment, Lübeck, Lübeck law, League of Nations, Lech Wałęsa, List of Gdańsk aristocratic families, List of mayors of Danzig, List of mayors of Gdańsk, List of people from Gdańsk, List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes, Lists of Danzig officials, Luise Gottsched, Lutheranism, Main City, Mandatory Palestine, Margraviate of Brandenburg, Martin Opitz, Massacres in Piaśnica, Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania, Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania, Middle Low German, Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec, Mieszko I of Poland, Miltiades Caridis, Motława, Napoleon, Narratio Prima, Nazi Germany, Nazi Party, Netherlands, Nicolaus Copernicus, Northern Wars, Nowy Port, Old Prussians, Old Town (Gdańsk), Oliva, Operation Hannibal, Oskar Halecki, Partitions of Poland, Paul Beneke, Paweł Huelle, Peace of Thorn (1411), Peter Oliver Loew, Piast dynasty, Pogrom, Polish Coal Trunk-Line, Polish language, Polish People's Republic, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War, Polish–Soviet War, Polish–Teutonic War, Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939), Pomerelia, Potsdam Conference, Province of Prussia, Prussia, Prussian Confederation, Przemysł II, Red Army, Reformation, Reichsgau, Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, Robert Gordon (philanthropist), Rolbik, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk, Romanesque architecture, Rosicrucianism, Royal elections in Poland, Royal Prussia, Saint Anne, Samborides, Schichau-Werke, Schleswig-Holstein, Second Partition of Poland, Second Peace of Thorn (1466), Second Polish Republic, Siedlce, Siege of Danzig (1577), Siege of Danzig (1734), Siege of Danzig (1807), Siege of Danzig (1813), Silesia, Solidarity, Solidarity (Polish trade union), Soviet Union, St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk, Stanisław Leszczyński, Stanisław Pestka, State of the Teutonic Order, Stefan Kieniewicz, Stendal, Stephen Báthory, Stone Age, Stutthof concentration camp, Sudetenland, Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania, Ten Commandments, Teutonic Order, Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk), The Holocaust, Theresienstadt concentration camp, Thirteen Years' War (1454–66), Thirty Years' War, Timeline of Gdańsk, Toruń, Treaty of Kalisz (1343), Treaty of Versailles, Tricity, Poland, Vistula, Volkstag, Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal, War crime, War of the Fourth Coalition, War of the Polish Succession, Warsaw, Władysław Gomułka, Władysław I the Elbow-high, Władysław II Jagiełło, Weimar Republic, Wenceslaus II of Bohemia, Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, West Prussia, Westerplatte, William Urban, World War I, World War II, Wrzeszcz, Yalta Conference, Zollverein. Expand index (186 more) »
Adalbert of Magdeburg
Adalbert of Magdeburg, sometimes incorrectly shortened to "Albert" (c. 910 - 20 June 981), and known as the Apostle of the Slavs, was the first Archbishop of Magdeburg (from 968) and a successful missionary to the Polabian Slavs to the east of what is contemporarily Germany.
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Adalbert of Prague
Adalbert of Prague (Adalbertus / Wojciech Sławnikowic); 95623 April 997), known in Czech by his birth name Vojtěch (Voitecus), was a Bohemian missionary and Christian saint. He was the Bishop of Prague and a missionary to the Hungarians, Poles, and Prussians, who was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians to Christianity. He is said to be the composer of the oldest Czech hymn Hospodine, pomiluj ny and Bogurodzica, the oldest known Polish hymn, but the authorship has not confirmed. St. Adalbert (or St.
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Albert, Duke of Prussia
Albert of Prussia (Albrecht von Preussen, 17 May 149020 March 1568) was the 37th Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, who after converting to Lutheranism, became the first ruler of the Duchy of Prussia, the secularized state that emerged from the former Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.
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Albrecht Giese
Albrecht Giese (10 February, 1524 – 1 August, 1580) was a councilman and diplomat of the city of Gdańsk (Danzig).
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Aleksander Gieysztor
Aleksander Gieysztor (17 July 1916, Moscow, Russian Empire – 9 February 1999, Warsaw, Poland) was a Polish medievalist historian.
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Andreas Schlüter
Andreas Schlüter (July 16, 1659 in Gdansk; May 1714) was a German baroque sculptor and architect, active in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Tsardom.
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Andrzej Chwalba
Andrzej Chwalba (born 1949 in Częstochowa) is a Polish historian.
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Anschluss
Anschluss ('joining') refers to the annexation of Austria into Nazi Germany on 12 March 1938.
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Archaeology of Northern Europe
The archaeology of Northern Europe studies the prehistory of Scandinavia and the adjacent North European Plain, roughly corresponding to the territories of modern Sweden, Norway, Denmark, northern Germany, Poland and the Netherlands.
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Arthur Schopenhauer
Arthur Schopenhauer (22 February 1788 – 21 September 1860) was a German philosopher.
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Artisan
An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Avraham Danzig
Rabbi Avraham Danzig (ben Yehiel Michael, אברהם דנציג;1820–1748) was a Posek ("decisor") and codifier, best known as the author of the works of Jewish law called "Chayei Adam" and "Chochmat Adam." He is sometimes referred to as "the Chayei Adam".
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Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, enclosed by Scandinavia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia, Poland, Germany and the North and Central European Plain.
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Bartholomaeus Nigrinus
Bartholomaeus Schwartz (latinised to Bartholomaeus Nigrinus) (1595–1646) was pastor of the St. Peter and St. Paul's Church in Danzig (Gdańsk), Royal Prussia (now Poland).
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Battle of Westerplatte
The Battle of Westerplatte was one of the first battles in the Invasion of Poland marking the start of the Second World War in Europe.
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Bernhard von Reesen
Bernhard von Reesen (born ca. 1490) was an art collector born to a patrician family in Danzig (Gdańsk), in Kingdom of Poland.
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Bohemia
Bohemia (Čechy;; Czechy; Bohême; Bohemia; Boemia) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech lands in the present-day Czech Republic.
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Bolesław I the Brave
Bolesław I the Brave (Bolesław I Chrobry, Boleslav Chrabrý; 967 – 17 June 1025), less often known as Bolesław I the Great (Bolesław I Wielki), was Duke of Poland from 992 to 1025, and the first King of Poland in 1025.
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Bolesław III Wrymouth
Bolesław III Wrymouth (also known as Boleslaus III the Wry-mouthed, Bolesław III Krzywousty) (20 August 1086 – 28 October 1138), was a Duke of Lesser Poland, Silesia and Sandomierz between 1102 and 1107 and over the whole Poland between 1107 and 1138.
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Bremen
The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.
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Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
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Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by bacterium Yersinia pestis.
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Burkhard Christoph von Münnich
Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich (9 May 1683 – 16 October 1767) (Христофо́р Анто́нович Миних) was a German soldier-engineer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire.
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Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
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Casimir III the Great
Casimir III the Great (Kazimierz III Wielki; 30 April 1310 – 5 November 1370) reigned as the King of Poland from 1333 to 1370.
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Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Centre Party (Germany)
The German Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei or just Zentrum) is a lay Catholic political party in Germany, primarily influential during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic.
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Charles X Gustav of Sweden
Charles X Gustav, also Carl Gustav (Karl X Gustav; 8 November 1622 – 13 February 1660), was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death.
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Cistercians
A Cistercian is a member of the Cistercian Order (abbreviated as OCist, SOCist ((Sacer) Ordo Cisterciensis), or ‘’’OCSO’’’ (Ordo Cisterciensis Strictioris Observantiae), which are religious orders of monks and nuns. They are also known as “Trappists”; as Bernardines, after the highly influential St. Bernard of Clairvaux (though that term is also used of the Franciscan Order in Poland and Lithuania); or as White Monks, in reference to the colour of the "cuccula" or white choir robe worn by the Cistercians over their habits, as opposed to the black cuccula worn by Benedictine monks. The original emphasis of Cistercian life was on manual labour and self-sufficiency, and many abbeys have traditionally supported themselves through activities such as agriculture and brewing ales. Over the centuries, however, education and academic pursuits came to dominate the life of many monasteries. A reform movement seeking to restore the simpler lifestyle of the original Cistercians began in 17th-century France at La Trappe Abbey, leading eventually to the Holy See’s reorganization in 1892 of reformed houses into a single order Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance (OCSO), commonly called the Trappists. Cistercians who did not observe these reforms became known as the Cistercians of the Original Observance. The term Cistercian (French Cistercien), derives from Cistercium, the Latin name for the village of Cîteaux, near Dijon in eastern France. It was in this village that a group of Benedictine monks from the monastery of Molesme founded Cîteaux Abbey in 1098, with the goal of following more closely the Rule of Saint Benedict. The best known of them were Robert of Molesme, Alberic of Cîteaux and the English monk Stephen Harding, who were the first three abbots. Bernard of Clairvaux entered the monastery in the early 1110s with 30 companions and helped the rapid proliferation of the order. By the end of the 12th century, the order had spread throughout France and into England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Eastern Europe. The keynote of Cistercian life was a return to literal observance of the Rule of St Benedict. Rejecting the developments the Benedictines had undergone, the monks tried to replicate monastic life exactly as it had been in Saint Benedict's time; indeed in various points they went beyond it in austerity. The most striking feature in the reform was the return to manual labour, especially agricultural work in the fields, a special characteristic of Cistercian life. Cistercian architecture is considered one of the most beautiful styles of medieval architecture. Additionally, in relation to fields such as agriculture, hydraulic engineering and metallurgy, the Cistercians became the main force of technological diffusion in medieval Europe. The Cistercians were adversely affected in England by the Protestant Reformation, the Dissolution of the Monasteries under King Henry VIII, the French Revolution in continental Europe, and the revolutions of the 18th century, but some survived and the order recovered in the 19th century.
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Commission for the Determination of Place Names
The Commission for the Determination of Place Names (Komisja Ustalania Nazw Miejscowości) was a commission of the Polish Department of Public Administration, founded in January 1946.
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Communism
In political and social sciences, communism (from Latin communis, "common, universal") is the philosophical, social, political, and economic ideology and movement whose ultimate goal is the establishment of the communist society, which is a socioeconomic order structured upon the common ownership of the means of production and the absence of social classes, money and the state.
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Conrad Letzkau
Conrad Letzkau (in Polish: Konrad Leczkow) (birthplace unknown, second half of 14th century - died, 1412 in Danzig (Gdańsk)) was a Councilman and later a Mayor of Danzig who, together with Arnold Hecht, was assassinated David Wallace, "Margery in Dańsk", University of Pennsylvania, by the Teutonic Knights.
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Curzon Line
The history of the Curzon Line, with minor variations, goes back to the period following World War I. It was drawn for the first time by the Supreme War Council as the demarcation line between the newly emerging states, the Second Polish Republic, and the Soviet Union.
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Customs union
A customs union was defined by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as a type of trade bloc which is composed of a free trade area with a common external tariff.
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Daniel Chodowiecki
Daniel Niklaus Chodowiecki (16 October 1726 – 7 February 1801) was a Polish—and later German—painter and printmaker with Huguenot ancestry, who is most famous as an etcher.
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Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS (24 May 1686 – 16 September 1736) was a Dutch-German-Polish physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument maker.
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Daniel Gralath
Daniel Gralath (30 May 1708 – 23 July 1767) was a physicist and a mayor of Danzig.
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Daniel Schultz
Jerzy (Georg) Daniel Schultz known also as Daniel Schultz the Younger (1615–1683) was a famous painter of the Baroque era, born and active in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Danzig (region)
Regierungsbezirk Marienwerder The Danzig Region (Regierungsbezirk Danzig) was a government region, within the Prussian Provinces of West Prussia and of Prussia.
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Danzig gulden
The gulden was the currency of the Free City of Danzig between 1923 and 1939.
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Danzig rebellion
The rebellion of the city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was a revolt from December 1575 to December 1577 of the city against the outcome of the Polish–Lithuanian royal election, 1576.
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Danzig Research Society
The Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig (translated Danzig Research Society, Societas Physicae Experimentalis, Gdańskie Towarzystwo Przyrodnicze) was founded in 1743 in the city of Danzig Royal Prussia, now Gdańsk, Poland, and continued in existence until 1936.
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Dariusz Michalczewski
Dariusz Michalczewski (born 5 May 1968) is a Polish-German former professional boxer who competed from 1991 to 2005.
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De facto
In law and government, de facto (or;, "in fact") describes practices that exist in reality, even if not legally recognised by official laws.
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Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
The Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig (Gdańsk) was one of the first acts of World War II in Europe, as part of the Invasion of Poland.
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Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology (or tree-ring dating) is the scientific method of dating tree rings (also called growth rings) to the exact year they were formed in order to analyze atmospheric conditions during different periods in history.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Donald Tusk
Donald Franciszek Tusk (Polish:; born 22 April 1957) is a Polish politician who has been the President of the European Council since 2014.
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Duchy of Prussia
The Duchy of Prussia (Herzogtum Preußen, Księstwo Pruskie) or Ducal Prussia (Herzogliches Preußen, Prusy Książęce) was a duchy in the region of Prussia established as a result of secularization of the State of the Teutonic Order during the Protestant Reformation in 1525.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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East Prussia
East Prussia (Ostpreußen,; Prusy Wschodnie; Rytų Prūsija; Borussia orientalis; Восточная Пруссия) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.
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Edward O'Rourke
Edward O'Rourke, full name Eduard Alexander Ladislaus Graf (Count) O'Rourke (Edward Aleksander Władysław O'Rourke; October 26, 1876 in Minsk – June 27, 1943) was a Roman Catholic priest, bishop of Riga and the first head of the bishopric of the Free City of Danzig (Gdańsk).
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Elbląg
Elbląg (Elbing; Old Prussian: Elbings) is a city in northern Poland on the eastern edge of the Żuławy region with 124,257 inhabitants (December 31, 2011).
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Emanuel Rostworowski
Emanuel Mateusz Rostworowski (Kraków, 8 January 1923 - 8 October 1989, Kraków) was a Polish historian, professor at Kraków's Jagiellonian University, and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
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Ferdinand Schichau
Ferdinand Gottlob Schichau (30 January 1814 – 23 January 1896) was a German mechanical engineer and businessman.
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Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)
During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry fled or were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria.
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Frankfurt Parliament
The Frankfurt Parliament (Frankfurter Nationalversammlung, literally Frankfurt National Assembly) was the first freely elected parliament for all of Germany, elected on 1 May 1848 (see German federal election, 1848).
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Franz Rhode
Franz Rhode (also Franciscus Rhodus) (died 1559) was a German printer of the 16th century.
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Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig; Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas.
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Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)
The Free City of Danzig, sometimes referred to as the Republic of Danzig, was a semi-independent city-state established by Napoleon on 9 September 1807, during the time of the Napoleonic Wars following the capture of the city in the Siege of Danzig in May.
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Frombork
Frombork is a town in northern Poland, on the Vistula Lagoon, in Braniewo County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.
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Günter Grass
Günter Wilhelm Grass (16 October 1927 – 13 April 2015) was a German novelist, poet, playwright, illustrator, graphic artist, sculptor, and recipient of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Literature.
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Gdańsk
Gdańsk (Danzig) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast.
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Gdynia
Gdynia (Gdingen, Gdiniô) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship of Poland and a seaport of Gdańsk Bay on the south coast of the Baltic Sea.
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Georg Forster
Johann Georg Adam Forster (November 27, 1754Many sources, including the biography by Thomas Saine, give Forster's birth date as November 26; according to Enzensberger, Ulrich (1996) Ein Leben in Scherben, Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag,, the baptism registry of St Peter in Danzig lists November 27 as the date of birth and December 5 as the date of baptism. – January 10, 1794) was a German naturalist, ethnologist, travel writer, journalist, and revolutionary.
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Georg Joachim Rheticus
Georg Joachim de Porris, also known as Rheticus (16 February 1514 – 4 December 1574), was a mathematician, astronomer, cartographer, navigational-instrument maker, medical practitioner, and teacher.
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German Confederation
The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund) was an association of 39 German-speaking states in Central Europe, created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries and to replace the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806.
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German Empire
The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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German–Polish customs war
The German–Polish customs war was a political and economic conflict between the Second Polish Republic and the Weimar Republic, which began in June 1925 (shortly after the death of German president Friedrich Ebert from SPD) and ended officially in March 1934.
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German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact
The German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact (Deutsch-polnischer Nichtangriffspakt; Polsko-niemiecki pakt o nieagresji) was an international treaty between Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic, signed on January 26, 1934.
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Goldwasser
Danziger Goldwasser (Gdańska wódka, "vodka of Gdańsk"), with Goldwasser as the registered tradename, is a strong (40% ABV) root and herbal liqueur which was produced from 1598 to 2009 in Danzig (Gdańsk).
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Gottfried Lengnich
Gottfried Lengnich (Gotfryd Lengnich) (4 December 1689 – 28 April 1774) was an 18th-century historian, lawyer and politician.
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Gottlieb Hufeland
Gottlieb Hufeland (29 October 1760 – 25 February 1817) was a German economist and jurist.
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Grain trade
The grain trade refers to the local and international trade in cereals and other food grains such as wheat, maize, and rice.
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Greater Poland
Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Großpolen; Latin: Polonia Maior), is a historical region of west-central Poland.
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Guillotine
A guillotine is an apparatus designed for efficiently carrying out executions by beheading.
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Hans Memling
Hans Memling (also spelled Memlinc; c. 1430 – 11 August 1494) was a German painter who moved to Flanders and worked in the tradition of Early Netherlandish painting.
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Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.
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Hectare
The hectare (SI symbol: ha) is an SI accepted metric system unit of area equal to a square with 100 meter sides, or 10,000 m2, and is primarily used in the measurement of land.
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History of Poland during the Piast dynasty
The period of rule by the Piast dynasty between the 10th and 14th centuries is the first major stage of the history of the Polish nation.
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History of the Jews in Gdańsk
The Jewish Community of Gdańsk (Danzig) dates back to at least the 15th century though for many centuries it was separated from the rest of the city.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
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Intelligentsia
The intelligentsia (/ɪnˌtelɪˈdʒentsiə/) (intelligentia, inteligencja, p) is a status class of educated people engaged in the complex mental labours that critique, guide, and lead in shaping the culture and politics of their society.
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Internment
Internment is the imprisonment of people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file charges, and thus no trial.
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Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.
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Jacob Theodor Klein
Jacob Theodor Klein (nickname Plinius Gedanensium; 15 August 1685 – 27 February 1759) was a German jurist, historian, botanist, zoologist, mathematician and diplomat in service of Polish King August II the Strong.
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Janusz Tazbir
Janusz Tazbir (August 5, 1927 – May 3, 2016) was a Polish historian, specializing in the culture and religion of Poland in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Jewish Virtual Library
The Jewish Virtual Library ("JVL", formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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Johann Wilhelm von Archenholz
Johann Wilhelm Archenholz was born in Langfuhr (Wrzeszcz) near Danzig (Gdańsk) on 3 September 1741.
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Johanna Schopenhauer
Johanna Schopenhauer (née Trosiener; July 9, 1766 – April 17, 1838) was a German author.
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Johannes Daniel Falk
Johannes Daniel Falk (28 October 1768 Danzig – 14 February 1826 Weimar) was a German publisher and poet.
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Johannes Dantiscus
Johannes Dantiscus, (Johann(es) von Höfen-Flachsbinder, Jan Dantyszek; 1 October 1485 – 27 October 1548) was prince-bishop of Warmia and Bishop of Chełmno (Culm).
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Johannes Hevelius
Johannes Hevelius Some sources refer to Hevelius as Polish.
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Kashubian language
Kashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, pòmòrsczi jãzëk, kaszëbskò-słowińskô mòwa; język kaszubski, język pomorski, język kaszubsko-słowiński) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup along with Polish and Silesian.
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Kashubians
The Kashubs (Kaszëbi; Kaszubi; Kaschuben; also spelled Kaszubians, Kassubians, Cassubians, Cashubes, and Kashubians, and formerly known as Kashubes) are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland.
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Kehilla (modern)
The Kehilla (pl. Kehillot) is the local Jewish communal structure that was reinstated in the early twentieth century as a modern, secular, and religious sequel of the Qahal in Central and Eastern Europe, more particularly in Poland's Second Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Ukrainian People's Republic, during the interwar period (1918–1940), in application of the national personal autonomy.
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Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) was the Polish state from the coronation of the first King Bolesław I the Brave in 1025 to the union with Lithuania and the rule of the Jagiellon dynasty in 1385.
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Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
The Kingdom of Poland (Polish: Królestwo Polskie; Latin: Regnum Poloniae) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania joined in a personal union established by the Union of Krewo (1385).
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Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen) was a German kingdom that constituted the state of Prussia between 1701 and 1918.
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Kraków
Kraków, also spelled Cracow or Krakow, is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.
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Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht (lit. "Crystal Night") or Reichskristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, Reichspogromnacht or simply Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome (Yiddish: קרישטאָל נאַכט krishtol nakt), was a pogrom against Jews throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and German civilians.
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Last Judgment
The Last Judgment, Final Judgment, Day of Judgment, Judgment Day, Doomsday, or The Day of the Lord (Hebrew Yom Ha Din) (יום הדין) or in Arabic Yawm al-Qiyāmah (یوم القيامة) or Yawm ad-Din (یوم الدین) is part of the eschatological world view of the Abrahamic religions and in the Frashokereti of Zoroastrianism.
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Lübeck
Lübeck is a city in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany.
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Lübeck law
The Lübeck law (Lübisches (Stadt)Recht) was the constitution of a municipal form of government developed at Lübeck, now in Schleswig-Holstein, after it was made a free city in 1226.
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League of Nations
The League of Nations (abbreviated as LN in English, La Société des Nations abbreviated as SDN or SdN in French) was an intergovernmental organisation founded on 10 January 1920 as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War.
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Lech Wałęsa
Lech Wałęsa (born 29 September 1943) is a retired Polish politician and labour activist.
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List of Gdańsk aristocratic families
This is a list of aristocratic families of the Royal City of Gdańsk (German: Danzig).
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List of mayors of Danzig
This article lists the mayors (Bürgermeister) of Danzig (Gdańsk) from 1308 to 1945.
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List of mayors of Gdańsk
This article lists the mayors (Burmistrz or Prezydent) of Gdańsk from 1945 to the present day.
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List of people from Gdańsk
This is a list of people from Gdańsk (Danzig).
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List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes
This is a list of the duchies and dukes of Pomerania.
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Lists of Danzig officials
The city of Danzig (Gdańsk) from 1308 to 1945 had various offices, like mayor, councillor, burgrave.
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Luise Gottsched
Luise Adelgunde Victorie Gottsched (born Kulmus, 11 April 1713 Danzig – 26 June 1762 Leipzig) was a German poet, playwright, essayist, and translator, and is often considered one of the founders of modern German theatrical comedy.
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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Main City
Main City (Główne Miasto, Rechtstadt) is the central, historic part of Gdańsk's borough of Śródmieście.
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Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine (فلسطين; פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א"י), where "EY" indicates "Eretz Yisrael", Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity under British administration, carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 until 1948.
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Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg (Markgrafschaft Brandenburg) was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806 that played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe.
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Martin Opitz
Martin Opitz von Boberfeld (23 December 1597 – 20 August 1639) was a German poet, regarded as the greatest of that nation during his lifetime.
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Massacres in Piaśnica
The massacres in Piaśnica were a set of mass executions carried out by Nazi Germany during World War II, between the fall of 1939 and spring of 1940 in Piaśnica Wielka (Groß Piasnitz) in the Darzlubska Wilderness near Wejherowo.
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Mestwin I, Duke of Pomerania
Mestwin I (Mściwój I gdański or Mszczuj I, Mscëwòj I; born c. 1160, died 1/2 May 1219 or 1220) was regent (a "namiestnik" or starosta) of Pomerelia (styled himself as princeps Pomoranorum) from about 1205 until his death.
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Mestwin II, Duke of Pomerania
Mestwin II (Mściwój II or Mszczuj II) (1220 – December 25, 1294) was a Duke of Pomerelia, member of the Samborides dynasty.
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Middle Low German
Middle Low German or Middle Saxon (ISO 639-3 code gml) is a language that is the descendant of Old Saxon and the ancestor of modern Low German.
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Mieczysław Albert Krąpiec
Mieczysław Albert Maria Krąpiec OP (born May 25, 1921 in Berezowica Mała near Ternopil, dead May 8, 2008 in Lublin) – a Polish Roman Catholic priest, philosopher (thomist), theologian, humanist and social scientist, the rector of Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski (1970-1983), the founder of the Lublin Philosophical School, the initiator and president of the scientific committee of Powszechna Encyklopedia Filozofii.
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Mieszko I of Poland
Mieszko I (– 25 May 992) was the ruler of the Polans from about 960 until his death.
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Miltiades Caridis
Miltiades Caridis (Μιλτιάδης Καρύδης; 9 May 1923 – 1 March 1998) was a German-Greek conductor.
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Motława
Motława is a river in Eastern Pomerania in Poland.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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Narratio Prima
De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima, usually referred to as Narratio Prima (First Account), is an abstract of Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric theory, written by Georg Joachim Rheticus in 1540.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Nazi Party
The National Socialist German Workers' Party (abbreviated NSDAP), commonly referred to in English as the Nazi Party, was a far-right political party in Germany that was active between 1920 and 1945 and supported the ideology of Nazism.
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.
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Northern Wars
Northern Wars is a term used for a series of wars fought in northern and northeastern Europe in the 16th and 17th century.
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Nowy Port
Nowy Port (Neufahrwasser; Fôrwôter) is one of the four quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Old Prussians
Old Prussians or Baltic Prussians (Old Prussian: Prūsai; Pruzzen or Prußen; Pruteni; Prūši; Prūsai; Prusowie; Prësowié) refers to the indigenous peoples from a cluster of Baltic tribes that inhabited the region of Prussia.
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Old Town (Gdańsk)
Old Town (Altstadt, Stare Miasto) in Gdańsk refers to the part of the city north of the modern city center.
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Oliva
Oliva is a municipality in the ''comarca'' of Safor in the Valencian Community, Spain.
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Operation Hannibal
Operation Hannibal was a German naval operation involving the evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from Courland, East Prussia, and the Polish Corridor from mid-January to May 1945 as the Red Army advanced during the East Prussian and East Pomeranian Offensives and subsidiary operations.
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Oskar Halecki
Oskar Halecki (26 May 1891, Vienna – 17 September 1973, White Plains, New York) was a Polish historian, social and Catholic activist.
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Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
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Paul Beneke
Paul Beneke, also Paul Benecke, (early 1400s (decade) - c. 1480) was a German town councilor of Danzig and privateer.
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Paweł Huelle
Paweł Huelle (born 10 September 1957 in Gdańsk, Poland) is a Polish prose writer.
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Peace of Thorn (1411)
The (First) Peace of Thorn was a peace treaty formally ending the Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War between allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
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Peter Oliver Loew
Peter Oliver Loew (born 1967) is a German historian, translator, and scholar, specializing in the History of Poland.
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Piast dynasty
The Piast dynasty was the first historical ruling dynasty of Poland.
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Pogrom
The term pogrom has multiple meanings, ascribed most often to the deliberate persecution of an ethnic or religious group either approved or condoned by the local authorities.
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Polish Coal Trunk-Line
The Coal Trunk-Line (Magistrala Węglowa) is one of the most important rail connections in Poland.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.
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Polish People's Republic
The Polish People's Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL) covers the history of contemporary Poland between 1952 and 1990 under the Soviet-backed socialist government established after the Red Army's release of its territory from German occupation in World War II.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
The Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War or Great War occurred between 1409 and 1411, pitting the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania against the Teutonic Knights.
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Polish–Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was fought by the Second Polish Republic, Ukrainian People's Republic and the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine) for control of an area equivalent to today's western Ukraine and parts of modern Belarus.
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Polish–Teutonic War
Polish–Teutonic War can refer to.
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Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)
The Pomeranian Voivodeship or Pomorskie Voivodeship (Województwo Pomorskie) was an administrative unit of interwar Poland (from 1919–1939).
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Pomerelia
Pomerelia (Pomerelia; Pomerellen, Pommerellen), also referred to as Eastern Pomerania (Pomorze Wschodnie) or as Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomorze Gdańskie), is a historical region in northern Poland.
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Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference (Potsdamer Konferenz) was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm, in Potsdam, occupied Germany, from 17 July to 2 August 1945.
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Province of Prussia
The Province of Prussia (Prowincjô Prësë) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1829–1878.
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Prussia
Prussia (Preußen) was a historically prominent German state that originated in 1525 with a duchy centred on the region of Prussia.
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Prussian Confederation
The Prussian Confederation (Preußischer Bund, Związek Pruski) was an organization formed on 21 February 1440 at Marienwerder by a group of 53 nobles and clergy and 19 cities in Prussia, to oppose the arbitrariness of the Teutonic Knights.
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Przemysł II
Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as Premyslas or Premislaus or less properly Przemysław; 14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296), was the Duke of Poznań from 1257–1279, of Greater Poland from 1279–1296, of Kraków from 1290–1291, and Gdańsk Pomerania (Pomerelia) from 1294–1296, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death.
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Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Рабоче-крестьянская Красная армия (РККА), Raboche-krest'yanskaya Krasnaya armiya (RKKA), frequently shortened in Russian to Красная aрмия (КА), Krasnaya armiya (KA), in English: Red Army, also in critical literature and folklore of that epoch – Red Horde, Army of Work) was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Reformation
The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.
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Reichsgau
A Reichsgau (plural Reichsgaue) was an administrative subdivision created in a number of areas annexed to Nazi Germany between 1938 and 1945.
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Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
The Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen) was a Nazi German province created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), and the ''Regierungsbezirk'' West Prussia of Gau East Prussia.
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Robert Gordon (philanthropist)
Robert Gordon (1668–1731), a 17th-century merchant and philanthropist, was born in Aberdeen.
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Rolbik
Rolbik is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Brusy, within Chojnice County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland.
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk
The Archdiocese of Gdańsk (Gedanen(sis)) is an archdiocese located in the city of Gdańsk in Poland.
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Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of medieval Europe characterized by semi-circular arches.
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Rosicrucianism
Rosicrucianism is a spiritual and cultural movement which arose in Europe in the early 17th century after the publication of several texts which purported to announce the existence of a hitherto unknown esoteric order to the world and made seeking its knowledge attractive to many.
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Royal elections in Poland
Royal elections in Poland (wolna elekcja, lit. free election) was the election of individual kings, rather than of dynasties, to the Polish throne.
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Royal Prussia
Royal Prussia (Prusy Królewskie; Königlich-Preußen or Preußen Königlichen Anteils, Królewsczé Prësë) or Polish PrussiaAnton Friedrich Büsching, Patrick Murdoch.
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Saint Anne
Saint Anne, of David's house and line, was the mother of Mary and grandmother of Jesus according to apocryphal Christian and Islamic tradition.
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Samborides
The Samborides or House of Sobiesław were a ruling dynasty in the historic region of Pomerelia.
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Schichau-Werke
The Schichau-Werke (F.) was a German engineering works and shipyard based in Elbing, Germany (now Elbląg, Poland) on the Frisches Haff (Vistula Lagoon) of then-East Prussia.
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Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig.
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Second Partition of Poland
The 1793 Second Partition of Poland was the second of three partitions (or partial annexations) that ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795.
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Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
The Peace of Thorn of 1466 (Zweiter Friede von Thorn; drugi pokój toruński) was a peace treaty signed in the Hanseatic city of Thorn (Toruń) on 19 October 1466 between the Polish king Casimir IV Jagiellon on one side, and the Teutonic Knights on the other.
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Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, commonly known as interwar Poland, refers to the country of Poland between the First and Second World Wars (1918–1939).
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Siedlce
Siedlce (שעדליץ, Седлец) is a city in eastern Poland with 76,585 inhabitants.
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Siege of Danzig (1577)
The Siege of the city of Danzig was a six-month siege in 1577 of the city of Danzig, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (today Gdańsk) by Stephen Báthory the head of state of the Commonwealth.
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Siege of Danzig (1734)
The Siege of Danzig of 1734 was the Russian encirclement (February 22 – June 30) and capture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth city of Danzig (Gdańsk) during the War of Polish Succession.
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Siege of Danzig (1807)
The Siege of Danzig (19 March - 24 May 1807) was the French encirclement and capture of Danzig during the War of the Fourth Coalition.
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Siege of Danzig (1813)
The Siege of Danzig was a siege of the city of Danzig during the War of the Sixth Coalition by Russian and Prussian forces against Jean Rapp's permanent French garrison, which had been augmented by soldiers from the Grande Armée retreating from its Russian campaign.
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Silesia
Silesia (Śląsk; Slezsko;; Silesian German: Schläsing; Silesian: Ślůnsk; Šlazyńska; Šleska; Silesia) is a region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Solidarity
Solidarity is unity (as of a group or class) which produces or is based on unities of interests, objectives, standards, and sympathies.
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Solidarity (Polish trade union)
Solidarity (Solidarność, pronounced; full name: Independent Self-governing Labour Union "Solidarity"—Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy „Solidarność”) is a Polish labour union that was founded on 17 September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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St. Mary's Church, Gdańsk
St.
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Stanisław Leszczyński
Stanisław I Leszczyński (also Anglicized and Latinized as Stanislaus I, Stanislovas Leščinskis, Stanislas Leszczynski; 20 October 1677 – 23 February 1766) was King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Duke of Lorraine and a count of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Stanisław Pestka
Stanisław Pestka (April 8, 1929 – April 2, 2015) was a Kashubian poet.
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State of the Teutonic Order
The State of the Teutonic Order (Staat des Deutschen Ordens; Civitas Ordinis Theutonici), also called Deutschordensstaat or Ordensstaat in German, was a crusader state formed by the Teutonic Knights or Teutonic Order during the 13th century Northern Crusades along the Baltic Sea.
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Stefan Kieniewicz
Stefan Kieniewicz (20 September 1907 in Dereszewicze - 2 May 1992 in Konstancin) was a Polish historian and university professor, notable for his works on 19th century history of Poland.
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Stendal
Hansestadt Stendal is a town in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.
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Stephen Báthory
Stephen Báthory (Báthory István; Stefan Batory; Steponas Batoras; 27 September 1533 – 12 December 1586) was Voivode of Transylvania (1571–76), Prince of Transylvania (1576–86), from 1576 Queen Anna Jagiellon's husband and jure uxoris King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania (1576-1586).
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Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
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Stutthof concentration camp
Stutthof was a Nazi German concentration camp established in a secluded, wet, and wooded area near the small town of Sztutowo (Stutthof) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Gdańsk in the former territory of the Free City of Danzig.
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Sudetenland
The Sudetenland (Czech and Sudety; Kraj Sudecki) is the historical German name for the northern, southern, and western areas of former Czechoslovakia which were inhabited primarily by Sudeten Germans.
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Swietopelk II, Duke of Pomerania
Swietopelk II, also Zwantepolc II or Swantopolk II, (1190/1200 – 11 January 1266), sometimes known as the Great (Świętopełk II Wielki; Kashubian: Swiãtopôłk II Wiôldżi), was ruling Duke of Pomerelia-Gdańsk from 1215 until his death.
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Ten Commandments
The Ten Commandments (עֲשֶׂרֶת הַדִּבְּרוֹת, Aseret ha'Dibrot), also known as the Decalogue, are a set of biblical principles relating to ethics and worship, which play a fundamental role in Judaism and Christianity.
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Teutonic Order
The Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem (official names: Ordo domus Sanctæ Mariæ Theutonicorum Hierosolymitanorum, Orden der Brüder vom Deutschen Haus der Heiligen Maria in Jerusalem), commonly the Teutonic Order (Deutscher Orden, Deutschherrenorden or Deutschritterorden), is a Catholic religious order founded as a military order c. 1190 in Acre, Kingdom of Jerusalem.
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Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)
The city of Danzig (Gdańsk) was captured by the State of the Teutonic Order on 13 November 1308, resulting in a massacre of its inhabitants and marking the beginning of tensions between Poland and the Teutonic Order.
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust, also referred to as the Shoah, was a genocide during World War II in which Nazi Germany, aided by its collaborators, systematically murdered approximately 6 million European Jews, around two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe, between 1941 and 1945.
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Theresienstadt concentration camp
Theresienstadt concentration camp, also referred to as Theresienstadt ghetto, was a concentration camp established by the SS during World War II in the garrison city of Terezín (Theresienstadt), located in German-occupied Czechoslovakia.
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Thirteen Years' War (1454–66)
The Thirteen Years' War (Dreizehnjähriger Krieg; wojna trzynastoletnia), also called the War of the Cities, was a conflict fought in 1454–66 between the Prussian Confederation, allied with the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, and the State of the Teutonic Order.
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.
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Timeline of Gdańsk
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Gdańsk, Poland.
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Toruń
Toruń (Thorn) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River.
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Treaty of Kalisz (1343)
The Treaty of Kalisz (Pokój kaliski, Vertrag von Kalisch) was a peace treaty signed by King Casimir III the Great of Poland and the Teutonic Knights on 2 June 1343 in Kalisz.
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Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.
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Tricity, Poland
Tricity, or Tri-City (Trójmiasto, Trzëgard) is a metropolitan area in Poland consisting of three cities in Pomerania: Gdańsk, Gdynia and Sopot, as well as minor towns in their vicinity.
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Vistula
The Vistula (Wisła, Weichsel,, ווייסל), Висла) is the longest and largest river in Poland, at in length. The drainage basin area of the Vistula is, of which lies within Poland (54% of its land area). The remainder is in Belarus, Ukraine and Slovakia. The Vistula rises at Barania Góra in the south of Poland, above sea level in the Silesian Beskids (western part of Carpathian Mountains), where it begins with the White Little Vistula (Biała Wisełka) and the Black Little Vistula (Czarna Wisełka). It then continues to flow over the vast Polish plains, passing several large Polish cities along its way, including Kraków, Sandomierz, Warsaw, Płock, Włocławek, Toruń, Bydgoszcz, Świecie, Grudziądz, Tczew and Gdańsk. It empties into the Vistula Lagoon (Zalew Wiślany) or directly into the Gdańsk Bay of the Baltic Sea with a delta and several branches (Leniwka, Przekop, Śmiała Wisła, Martwa Wisła, Nogat and Szkarpawa).
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Volkstag
The Volkstag was the parliament of the Free City of Danzig between 1919 and 1939.
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Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal
Waldemar the Great (Waldemar der Große; – 14 August 1319), a member of the House of Ascania, was Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal from 1308 until his death.
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War crime
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.
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War of the Fourth Coalition
The Fourth Coalition fought against Napoleon's French Empire and was defeated in a war spanning 1806–1807.
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War of the Polish Succession
The War of the Polish Succession (1733–35) was a major European war sparked by a Polish civil war over the succession to Augustus II, which the other European powers widened in pursuit of their own national interests.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Władysław Gomułka
Władysław Gomułka (6 February 1905 – 1 September 1982) was a Polish communist politician.
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Władysław I the Elbow-high
Władysław I the Elbow-high or the Short (Władysław I Łokietek; c. 1260 – 2 March 1333) was the King of Poland from 1306 to 1333, and duke of several of the provinces and principalities in the preceding years.
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Władysław II Jagiełło
Jogaila (later Władysław II JagiełłoHe is known under a number of names: Jogaila Algirdaitis; Władysław II Jagiełło; Jahajła (Ягайла). See also: Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło. (c. 1352/1362 – 1 June 1434) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434) and then the King of Poland (1386–1434), first alongside his wife Jadwiga until 1399, and then sole King of Poland. He ruled in Lithuania from 1377. Born a pagan, in 1386 he converted to Catholicism and was baptized as Władysław in Kraków, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387 he converted Lithuania to Christianity. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, and lasted a further thirty-five years and laid the foundation for the centuries-long Polish–Lithuanian union. He was a member of the Jagiellonian dynasty in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the Gediminid dynasty in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,Anna Jagiellon, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596. and became one of the most influential dynasties in late medieval and early modern Central and Eastern Europe. During his reign, the Polish-Lithuanian state was the largest state in the Christian world. Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of medieval Lithuania. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the Union of Krewo, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the Teutonic Knights. The allied victory at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, followed by the Peace of Thorn, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of Poland's Golden Age.
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Weimar Republic
The Weimar Republic (Weimarer Republik) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state during the years 1919 to 1933.
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Wenceslaus II of Bohemia
Wenceslaus II Přemyslid (Václav II.; Wacław II Czeski; 27 SeptemberK. Charvátová, Václav II. Král český a polský, Prague 2007, p. 18. 1271 – 21 June 1305) was King of Bohemia (1278–1305), Duke of Cracow (1291–1305), and King of Poland (1300–1305).
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Wenceslaus III of Bohemia
Wenceslaus III (Václav III., Vencel, Wacław, Václav; 6 October 12894 August 1306) was King of Hungary between 1301 and 1305, and King of Bohemia and Poland from 1305.
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West Prussia
The Province of West Prussia (Provinz Westpreußen; Zôpadné Prësë; Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1773 to 1824 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); it also briefly formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia until 1919/20.
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Westerplatte
Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel.
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William Urban
William Urban is an American historian specializing in the Baltic Crusades and Teutonic knights.
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World War I
World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz (pronounced, Langfuhr; Wrzészcz) is one of the boroughs of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk.
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Yalta Conference
The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea Conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, held from 4 to 11 February 1945, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Germany and Europe's postwar reorganization.
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Zollverein
The Zollverein or German Customs Union was a coalition of German states formed to manage tariffs and economic policies within their territories.
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Redirects here:
History of Danzig, History of Gdansk, History of Gdansk (Danzig), History of Gdańsk (Danzig), History of Gdańsk-Danzig.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Gdańsk
