History of Indonesia

The history of Indonesia has been shaped by its geographic position, its natural resources, a series of human migrations and contacts, wars and conquests, as well as by trade, economics and politics. ^[1]

352 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abdul Haris Nasution, Abdurrahman Wahid, Aceh, Aceh War, Act of Free Choice, Agence France-Presse, Airlangga, Al-Qaeda, Amangkurat I of Mataram, Amangkurat II of Mataram, Ambon Island, Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, Antara (news agency), Anthropologist, Anyer, Arabs, Archipelago, ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution, Asia, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Austerity, Australia, Austronesian peoples, B. J. Habibie, Balaputra, Bali, Banda Islands, Bangka Island, Banten, Banten Sultanate, Batak, Batavian Republic, Battle of Malacca (1641), Batujaya, BBC News, Bersiap, Bogor, Borneo, Borobudur, Brahmin, British Bencoolen, British Borneo, British Malaya, Brunei, Buddhism, Budi Utomo, Buni culture, Cambodia, Candi of Indonesia, ..., Canggal inscription, Carnation Revolution, Caste, Catholic missions, Central Java, Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter, Chola dynasty, Ciaruteun inscription, Clove, Communist International, Communist Party of Indonesia, Constantinople, Constitution of Indonesia, Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia, CounterPunch, Cultivation System, Culture of India, Culture of Indonesia, Darul Islam (Indonesia), Demak Sultanate, Dharmawangsa, Diponegoro, Dong Son culture, Dry season, Dutch East India Company, Dutch East Indies, Dutch East Indies campaign, Dutch Ethical Policy, East Java, East Kalimantan, East Nusa Tenggara, East Timor, East Timorese independence referendum, 1999, Ethnic groups in Indonesia, Eugène Dubois, Europe, Fall of Suharto, Federal republic, First French Empire, Flores, Free Aceh Movement, Fretilin, Gajah Mada, Galangal, Ganesha, Gedhe Pamanahan, Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, Golkar, Great Post Road, Greater India, Guided Democracy in Indonesia, Gupta Empire, Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald, Hamzah Haz, Helsinki, Henk Sneevliet, Herman Willem Daendels, Hindu, Hisaichi Terauchi, History of Asia, History of Southeast Asia, Hominini, Homo erectus, Homo floresiensis, Homo sapiens, Ikat, Imogiri, India, Indo people, Indonesia, Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, Indonesian Democratic Party, Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle, Indonesian invasion of East Timor, Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966, Indonesian National Party, Indonesian National Revolution, Indonesian presidential election, 2004, Indonesian presidential election, 2009, Indonesian presidential election, 2014, Indonesian rupiah, Insular dwarfism, International Monetary Fund, Invasion of Java (1811), Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Jabung, Jakarta, Jakarta History Museum, Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, Java, Java Man, Java War, Java War (1741–1743), Javanese people, Jemaah Islamiyah, John Foster Dulles, Joko Widodo, Jombang Regency, Kahuripan, Kalasan, Kalimantan, Kalinga (historical region), Kalingga Kingdom, Kediri Kingdom, Kedu Plain, Kertanegara of Singhasari, Kewu Plain, Khmer Empire, Kingdom of Holland, Kingdom of Pajang, Kostrad, Kraton (Indonesia), Kroncong, Kublai Khan, Kutai, Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Languages of Indonesia, Late Pleistocene, Lesser Sunda Islands, Liberal Period (Dutch East Indies), Ligor inscription, List of human evolution fossils, List of Presidents of Indonesia, Louis Bonaparte, Madura Island, Mahabharata, Mahakam River, Mahmud Badaruddin II, Majapahit, Makassar, Malacca, Malacca Sultanate, Malay language, Malay Peninsula, Malays (ethnic group), Malaysia, Maluku Islands, Mandala (political model), Maritime Southeast Asia, Mataram conquest of Surabaya, Mataram Sultanate, Medan, Medang Kingdom, Mediterranean Sea, Megalith, Megawati Sukarnoputri, Mohammad Hatta, Mongols, Mount Merapi, Mpu Sindok, Muslim, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Napoleon, Napoleonic Wars, Nasakom, National Awakening Party, National Museum of Indonesia, Nature (journal), Nazi Germany, Netherlands, New Guinea, New Internationalist, New Order (Indonesia), New York Agreement, Non-Aligned Movement, Nutmeg, Old Javanese, Ottoman Empire, Paddy field, Pala Empire, Palembang, Pallava dynasty, Pallava script, Panaitan, Papua (province), Papua conflict, Parameswara (king), Pattimura, People's Representative Council, Philippines, Piper cubeba, Politics of Indonesia, Portugal, Portuguese language, Portuguese Timor, Post-Suharto era, Prabowo Subianto, Prambanan, President of Indonesia, President Sukarno's 1959 Decree, Proclamation of Indonesian Independence, Proselytism, Protectionism, Provisional Constitution of 1950, Punitive expedition, Purnawarman, Quaternary glaciation, Raden Wijaya, Raja Raja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, Rajiman Wediodiningrat, Rakai Pikatan, Rama, Ramayana, Republic of South Maluku, Republic of Venice, Riau, Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Sabah, Samudera Pasai Sultanate, Sangiran, Sanjaya dynasty, Sanjaya of Mataram, Sanskrit, Sarawak, Sarekat Islam, Sewu, Sexual slavery, Shailendra dynasty, Siege of Batavia, Singhasari, Singhasari temple, Sita, Slash-and-burn, Soepomo, Solo Man, Solor, South Sumatra, Southeast Asia, Spice trade, Spread of Islam in Indonesia, Srivijaya, Stamford Raffles, Strait of Malacca, Subsidy, Suharto, Sukarno, Sulawesi, Sultan, Sultan Agung of Mataram, Sumatra, Sunda Kingdom, Sunda Strait, Surabaya, Surakarta, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Suzerainty, Taiwan, Tamil language, Tarumanagara, Ternate, Terrorism, Thalassocracy, The History of Java, The Straits Times, Timeline of Jakarta, Timor, Timorese Democratic Union, Timorese Popular Democratic Association, Toraja, Torture, Transition to the New Order, Trinil, Trunajaya, Trunajaya rebellion, Tuanku Imam Bonjol, Udayana, Unilateral declaration of independence, United Development Party, United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor, United States of Indonesia, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Upland rice, Utilitarianism, Vajrayana, Vice President of Indonesia, Victory over Japan Day, Vishnu, War crime, West Java, West Timor, Western New Guinea, World Bank, World War II, Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Sultanate, 1997 Asian financial crisis, 1997 Southeast Asian haze, 2002 Bali bombings, 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing, 2004 Australian Embassy bombing in Jakarta, 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, 2005 Bali bombings, 2005 Malaysian haze, 2006 Southeast Asian haze, 2009 Jakarta bombings, 2009 Southeast Asian haze, 2013 Southeast Asian haze, 2015 Southeast Asian haze, 2016 Jakarta attacks, 30 September Movement. 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Abbasid Caliphate

The Abbasid Caliphate (or ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلْعَبَّاسِيَّة) was the third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Abdul Haris Nasution

Abdul Haris Nasution (3 December 1918 – 6 September 2000) was an Indonesian general who was twice appointed Army Chief of Staff and who escaped an assassination attempt during the 1965 coup attempt by 30 September Movement.

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Abdurrahman Wahid

Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman ad-Dakhil (September 1940 – 30 December 2009), colloquially known as, was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001.

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Aceh

Aceh; (Acehnese: Acèh; Jawoë:; Dutch: Atjeh or Aceh) is a province of Indonesia.

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Aceh War

The Aceh War, also known as the Dutch War or the Infidel War (1873–1904), was an armed military conflict between the Sultanate of Aceh and the Kingdom of the Netherlands which was triggered by discussions between representatives of Aceh and the United States in Singapore during early 1873.

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Act of Free Choice

The Act of Free Choice (Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat, PEPERA, Determination of the People's Opinion), often disparagingly referred to as the "Act of No Choice", was a series of eight regional assemblies from July to August 1969 by which Indonesia asserts that the Western New Guinea population decided to relinquish their sovereignty in favor of Indonesian citizenship.

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Airlangga

Airlangga (also spelled Erlangga), regnal name Rakai Halu Sri Lokeswara Dharmawangsa Airlangga Anantawikramottunggadewa (born 990 in Bali, Indonesia – died 1049 in Java), was the only raja of the Kingdom of Kahuripan.

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Al-Qaeda

Al-Qaeda (القاعدة,, translation: "The Base", "The Foundation" or "The Fundament" and alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qæda and sometimes al-Qa'ida) is a militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization founded in 1988.

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Amangkurat I of Mataram

Amangkurat I (Amangkurat Agung) was the sultan of Mataram from 1646 to 1677.

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Amangkurat II of Mataram

Amangkurat II was the Susuhunan of Mataram from 1677 to 1703.

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Ambon Island

Ambon Island is part of the Maluku Islands of Indonesia.

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Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824

The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London, was a treaty signed between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands in London on 17 March 1824.

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Antara (news agency)

Antara is an Indonesian news agency organized as a private company under the Ministry of State-owned Enterprises.

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Anthropologist

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.

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Anyer

Anyer, also known as Anjer or Angier, is a coastal town in Banten, formerly West Java, Indonesia, west of Jakarta and south of Merak.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Archipelago

An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.

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ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution

The ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution is a legally binding environmental agreement signed in 2002 by the member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to reduce haze pollution in Southeast Asia.

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Asia

Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.

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Association of Southeast Asian Nations

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries that promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration amongst its members, other Asian countries, and globally.

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Austerity

Austerity is a political-economic term referring to policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Austronesian peoples

The Austronesian peoples are various groups in Southeast Asia, Oceania and East Africa that speak languages that are under the Austronesian language super-family.

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B. J. Habibie

Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born 25 June 1936) is an Indonesian engineer who was President of Indonesia from 1998 to 1999.

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Balaputra

Balaputra was the maharaja of Srivijaya in the 9th century CE as well as the former head of the Sailendra dynasty.

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Bali

Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.

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Banda Islands

The Banda Islands (Kepulauan Banda) are a volcanic group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about south of Seram Island and about east of Java, and constitute an administrative district (kecamatan) within the Central Maluku Regency in the Indonesian province of Maluku.

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Bangka Island

Bangka (or sometimes Banka) is an island lying east of Sumatra, administratively part of Sumatra, Indonesia, with a population of about 1 million.

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Banten

Banten is the westernmost province on the island of Java, in Indonesia.

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Banten Sultanate

The Banten Sultanate was founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English spelling of both was Bantam.

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Batak

Batak is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra, Indonesia who speak Batak languages.

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Batavian Republic

The Batavian Republic (Bataafse Republiek; République Batave) was the successor of the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands.

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Battle of Malacca (1641)

The Battle of Malacca (2 August 1640 – 14 January 1641) was a successful attempt by the Dutch to capture Malacca from the Portuguese.

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Batujaya

Batujaya is an archeological site located in the village of Batujaya, Karawang in West Java, Indonesia.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Bersiap

Bersiap is the name given by the Dutch to a violent and chaotic phase of the Indonesian National Revolution following the end of World War II.

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Bogor

Bogor (Sundanese: ᮘᮧᮌᮧᮁ, Dutch: Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia.

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Borneo

Borneo (Pulau Borneo) is the third largest island in the world and the largest in Asia.

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Borobudur

Borobudur, or Barabudur (Candi Borobudur, Candhi Barabudhur) is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang Regency, not far from the town of Muntilan, in Central Java, Indonesia.

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Brahmin

Brahmin (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मण) is a varna (class) in Hinduism specialising as priests, teachers (acharya) and protectors of sacred learning across generations.

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British Bencoolen

British Bencoolen was a British possession in Sumatra based in the area of what is now Bengkulu City.

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British Borneo

British Borneo comprised the four northern parts of the island of Borneo, which are now Brunei, Labuan, Sabah, and Sarawak.

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British Malaya

The term British Malaya loosely describes a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the island of Singapore that were brought under British control between the 18th and the 20th centuries.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Budi Utomo

Budi Utomo (Dutch: Boedi Oetomo), meaning "Prime Philosophy", was the first native political society in the Dutch East Indies.

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Buni culture

Buni culture is a prehistoric clay pottery culture that flourished in coastal northern West Java, Jakarta and Banten around 400 BC to 100 AD and probably survived until 500 AD.

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Cambodia

Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Candi of Indonesia

A candi is a Hindu or Buddhist temple in Indonesia, mostly built during the Zaman Hindu-Buddha or "Indianized period", between the 4th and 15th centuries.

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Canggal inscription

The Canggal inscription is a Javanese inscription dated to 732, discovered in the Gunung Wukir temple complex in Kadiluwih village, Salam, Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

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Carnation Revolution

The Carnation Revolution (Revolução dos Cravos), also referred to as the 25th of April (vinte e cinco de Abril), was initially a military coup in Lisbon, Portugal, on 25 April 1974 which overthrew the authoritarian regime of the Estado Novo.

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Caste

Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a lifestyle which often includes an occupation, status in a hierarchy, customary social interaction, and exclusion.

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Catholic missions

Missionary work of the Catholic Church has often been undertaken outside the geographically defined parishes and dioceses by religious orders who have people and material resources to spare, and some of which specialized in missions.

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Central Java

Central Java (Jawa Tengah, abbreviated as Jateng) is a province of Indonesia.

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Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter

Chapter XI of the United Nations Charter deals with non-self-governing territories.

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Chola dynasty

The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India.

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Ciaruteun inscription

Ciaruteun inscription (Prasasti Ciaruteun) also written Ciarutön or also known as Ciampea inscription is a 5th-century stone inscription discovered on the riverbed of Ciaruteun River, a tributary of Cisadane River, not far from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.

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Clove

Cloves are the aromatic flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae, Syzygium aromaticum.

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Communist International

The Communist International (Comintern), known also as the Third International (1919–1943), was an international communist organization that advocated world communism.

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Communist Party of Indonesia

The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia that existed throughout the mid-20th century.

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Constantinople

Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.

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Constitution of Indonesia

The Constitution of Indonesia (Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945, UUD '45) is the basis for the government of Indonesia.

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Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia

The Constitutional Assembly (Konstituante.) was a body elected in 1955 to draw up a permanent constitution for the Republic of Indonesia.

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CounterPunch

CounterPunch is a magazine published six times per year in the United States that covers politics in a manner its editors describe as "muckraking with a radical attitude".

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Cultivation System

The Cultivation System (cultuurstelsel) was a Dutch government policy in the mid-19th century for its Dutch East Indies colony (now Indonesia).

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Culture of India

The culture of India refers collectively to the thousands of distinct and unique cultures of all religions and communities present in India.

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Culture of Indonesia

The culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences.

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Darul Islam (Indonesia)

Darul Islam (meaning House of Islam), also known as Darul Islam/Islamic Armed Forces of Indonesia (Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia, DI/TII) was an Islamist group in Indonesia that fought for the establishment of an Islamic state of Indonesia.

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Demak Sultanate

The Demak Sultanate was a Javanese Muslim state located on Java's north coast in Indonesia, at the site of the present day city of Demak.

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Dharmawangsa

Dharmawangsa, stylized regnal name Sri Maharaja Isyana Dharmawangsa Teguh Anantawikramottunggadewa of Isyana dynasty was the last raja of the Kingdom of Medang reigned from 990-1016 CE.

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Diponegoro

Prince Diponegoro (born Bendara Raden Mas Mustahar; later Bendara Raden Mas Antawirya) (11 November 1785 – 8 January 1855), also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule.

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Dong Son culture

The Dong Son culture (named for Đông Sơn, a village in Vietnam) was a Bronze Age culture in ancient Vietnam centred at the Red River Valley of northern Vietnam from 1000 BC until the first century AD.

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Dry season

The dry season is a yearly period of low rainfall, especially in the tropics.

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Dutch East India Company

The United East India Company, sometimes known as the United East Indies Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie; or Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie in modern spelling; abbreviated to VOC), better known to the English-speaking world as the Dutch East India Company or sometimes as the Dutch East Indies Company, was a multinational corporation that was founded in 1602 from a government-backed consolidation of several rival Dutch trading companies.

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Dutch East Indies

The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.

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Dutch East Indies campaign

The Dutch East Indies Campaign of 1941–42 was the conquest of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia) by forces from the Empire of Japan in the early days of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Forces from the Allies attempted unsuccessfully to defend the islands. The East Indies were targeted by the Japanese for their rich oil resources which would become a vital asset during the war. The campaign and subsequent three and a half year Japanese occupation was also a major factor in the end of Dutch colonial rule in the region.

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Dutch Ethical Policy

The Dutch Ethical Policy (Ethische Politiek) was the official policy of colonial government of Indonesia during the four decades from 1901 until the Japanese occupation of 1942.

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East Java

East Java (Jawa Timur, abbreviated as Jatim, Jåwå Wétan) is a province of Indonesia.

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East Kalimantan

East Kalimantan (Indonesian) is a province of Indonesia.

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East Nusa Tenggara

East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur – NTT) is the southernmost province of Indonesia.

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East Timor

East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.

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East Timorese independence referendum, 1999

An independence referendum was held in East Timor on 30 August 1999.

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Ethnic groups in Indonesia

There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia including Javanese, Sundanese, and Batak.

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Eugène Dubois

Marie Eugène François Thomas Dubois (28 January 1858 – 16 December 1940) was a Dutch paleoanthropologist and geologist.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Fall of Suharto

Suharto resigned as president of Indonesia in May 1998 following the collapse of support for his three-decade long presidency.

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Federal republic

A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government.

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First French Empire

The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Flores

Flores (Indonesian: Pulau Flores) is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, a group of islands in the eastern half of Indonesia.

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Free Aceh Movement

The Free Aceh Movement (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka or simply GAM, Geurakan Acèh Meurdèka, also: Gěrakan Aceh Měrdeka) was a separatist group seeking independence for the Aceh region of Sumatra from Indonesia.

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Fretilin

The Revolutionary Front for an Independent East Timor (Frente Revolucionária de Timor-Leste Independente, abbreviated as Fretilin) is a leftist political party in East Timor.

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Gajah Mada

Gajah Mada (c. 1290 – c. 1364) was, according to Javanese old manuscripts, poems and mythology, a powerful military leader and Mahapatih or (equal to) Prime Minister of the Hindu empire of Majapahit, credited with bringing the empire to its peak of glory.

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Galangal

Galangal (pronunciation /ˈɡal(ə)ŋɡal/, U.S. /) is a common name for several tropical rhizomatous spices.

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Ganesha

Ganesha (गणेश), also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, Pillaiyar and Binayak, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon.

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Gedhe Pamanahan

Kyai Gedhe Pamanahan was the first ruler of the Sultanate of Mataram.

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Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto

Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 1st Earl of Minto, PC, FRSE (23 April 1751 – 21 June 1814), known as Sir Gilbert Elliott between 1777 and 1797 and as The Lord Minto between 1797 and 1813, was a Scottish diplomat and politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1776 and 1795.

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Golkar

The Party of the Functional Groups (Partai Golongan Karya) is a political party in Indonesia.

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Great Post Road

The Great Post Road (Jalan Raya Pos or De Grote Postweg) is the name for the historical road that runs across Java that connects Anyer and Panarukan.

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Greater India

The term Greater India is most commonly used to encompass the historical and geographic extent of all political entities of the Indian subcontinent, and the regions which are culturally linked to India or received significant Indian cultural influence.

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Guided Democracy in Indonesia

Guided Democracy (Demokrasi Terpimpin) was the political system in place in Indonesia from 1957 until the New Order began in 1966.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.

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Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald

Gustav Heinrich Ralph (often cited as G. H. R.) von Koenigswald (13 November 1902 – 10 July 1982) was a German-Dutch paleontologist and geologist who conducted research on hominins, including Homo erectus.

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Hamzah Haz

Hamzah Haz (born 15 February 1940 in Ketapang, West Kalimantan) is an Indonesian politician.

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Helsinki

Helsinki (or;; Helsingfors) is the capital city and most populous municipality of Finland.

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Henk Sneevliet

Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie (Henk) Sneevliet, known as Henk Sneevliet or by the pseudonym "Maring" (1883 - 1942), was a Dutch Communist, who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East-Indies.

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Herman Willem Daendels

Herman Willem Daendels (21 October 1762 – 2 May 1818) was a Dutch politician who served as the 36th Governor General of the Dutch East Indies between 1808 and 1811.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hisaichi Terauchi

Count was a Gensui (or Marshal) in the Imperial Japanese Army and Commander of the Southern Expeditionary Army Group during World War II.

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History of Asia

The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe.

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History of Southeast Asia

The term Southeast Asia has been in use since World War II.

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Hominini

The Hominini, or hominins, form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae ("hominines").

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Homo erectus

Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch.

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Homo floresiensis

Homo floresiensis ("Flores Man"; nicknamed "hobbit") is an extinct species in the genus Homo.

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Homo sapiens

Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.

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Ikat

Ikat, or ikkat, is a dyeing technique used to pattern textiles that employs resist dyeing on the yarns prior to dyeing and weaving the fabric.

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Imogiri

Imogiri (also Imagiri) is a royal graveyard complex in Yogyakarta, in south-central Java, Indonesia, as well as a modern village located near the graveyard in Bantul Regency.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indo people

The Indo people or Indos are Eurasian people, descendants of various indigenous peoples of Indonesia and Dutch settlers. Indos are associated with colonial culture of the former Dutch East Indies, a Dutch colony in Southeast Asia and a predecessor to modern Indonesia after its proclamation of independence shortly after World War II. It was used to describe people acknowledged to be of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent, or it was a term used in the Dutch East Indies to apply to Europeans who had partial Asian ancestry. "Indos–people of Dutch descent who stayed in the new republic Indonesia after it gained independence, or who emigrated to Indonesia after 1949–are called Dutch-Indonesians. Although the majority of the Indos are found in the lowest strata of European society, they do not represent a solid social or economic group." The European ancestry of these people was predominantly Dutch, but also included Portuguese, British, French, Belgian, German, and others. Other terms used were Indos, Dutch Indonesians, Eurasians, Indo-Europeans, Indo-Dutch, and Dutch-Indos.

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Indonesia

Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.

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Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

The Indonesian–Malaysian confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian/Malay name, Konfrontasi) was a violent conflict from 1963–66 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of Malaysia.

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Indonesian Democratic Party

The Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) was one of the two state-approved parties during the New Order era of the late 20th-century in Indonesia.

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Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle

The Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, PDI-P) is an Indonesian political party, and the party of the current president of Indonesia, Joko Widodo.

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Indonesian invasion of East Timor

The Indonesian invasion of East Timor, known in Indonesia as Operation Lotus (Operasi Seroja), began on 7 December 1975 when the Indonesian military invaded East Timor under the pretext of anti-colonialism.

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Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966

The Indonesian mass killings of 1965–1966 (also variously known as the Indonesian massacres, Indonesian genocide, Indonesian Communist Purge, Indonesian politicide, or the 1965 Tragedy) were large-scale killings and civil unrest which occurred in Indonesia over several months, targeting communist sympathizers, ethnic Chinese and alleged leftists, often at the instigation of the armed forces and government.

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Indonesian National Party

The Indonesian National Party (Partai Nasional Indonesia, PNI) is the name used by several political parties in Indonesia from 1927 until the present day.

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Indonesian National Revolution

The Indonesian National Revolution, or Indonesian War of Independence (Perang Kemerdekaan Indonesia; Indonesische Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog), was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between the Republic of Indonesia and the Dutch Empire and an internal social revolution during postwar and postcolonial Indonesia.

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Indonesian presidential election, 2004

The first direct presidential election in Indonesia was held in two rounds on July 5 and September 20, 2004.

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Indonesian presidential election, 2009

Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 8 July 2009.

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Indonesian presidential election, 2014

Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 9 July 2014, with former general Prabowo Subianto contesting the elections against the governor of Jakarta, Joko Widodo; incumbent president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono was constitutionally barred from seeking a third term in office.

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Indonesian rupiah

The rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. The name "Rupiah" is derived from the Indian word rupiya (रुपीया), ultimately from Sanskrit rupyakam (रूप्यकम्; silver). Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ("silver" in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen, although inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in sen obsolete. The Riau islands and the Indonesian half of New Guinea (Irian Barat) had their own variants of the rupiah in the past, but these were subsumed into the national rupiah in 1964 and 1971 respectively (see Riau rupiah and West Irian rupiah).

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Insular dwarfism

Insular dwarfism, a form of phyletic dwarfism, is the process and condition of large animals evolving or having a reduced body size when their population's range is limited to a small environment, primarily islands.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Invasion of Java (1811)

The invasion of Java in 1811 was a successful British amphibious operation against the Dutch East Indian island of Java that took place between August and September 1811 during the Napoleonic Wars.

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Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence

The Investigating Committee for Preparatory Works for Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan (BPUPK)), (独立準備調査会 Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsa-kai), sometimes referred to as the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence (Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia (BPUPKI))"Indonesia" was not part of the name as the 16th Army only had authority over Java (Kusuma & Elson (2011), p. 196), was an organization set up in March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the Japanese occupation of Indonesia as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the Japanese 16th Army.

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Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), Islamic State (IS) and by its Arabic language acronym Daesh (داعش dāʿish), is a Salafi jihadist terrorist organisation and former unrecognised proto-state that follows a fundamentalist, Salafi/Wahhabi doctrine of Sunni Islam.

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Jabung

Jabung is a 14th-century Buddhist temple dated from Majapahit era, located in the Jabung Sisir village (desa), Paiton area, Probolinggo district, East Java, Indonesia.

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Jakarta

Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta), is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.

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Jakarta History Museum

The Jakarta History Museum (Museum Sejarah Jakarta), also known as Fatahillah Museum or Batavia Museum, is located in the Old Town (known as Kota Tua) of Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies

The Japanese Empire occupied the Dutch East Indies, now Indonesia, during World War II from March 1942 until after the end of the War in September 1945.

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Java

Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese) is an island of Indonesia.

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Java Man

Java Man (Homo erectus erectus; Javanese: Manungsa Jawa; Indonesian: Manusia Jawa) is early human fossils discovered on the island of Java (Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892.

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Java War

The Java War or Diponegoro War was fought in central Java from 1825 to 1830, between the colonial Dutch Empire and native Javanese rebels.

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Java War (1741–1743)

The Java War (also called the China War or Chinese War) of 1741 to 1743 was an armed struggle by a joint Chinese and Javanese army against the Dutch colonial government that took place in central and eastern Java.

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Javanese people

The Javanese (Ngoko Javanese:, Madya Javanese:,See: Javanese language: Politeness Krama Javanese:, Ngoko Gêdrìk: wòng Jåwå, Madya Gêdrìk: tiyang Jawi, Krama Gêdrìk: priyantun Jawi, Indonesian: suku Jawa) are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java.

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Jemaah Islamiyah

Jemaah Islamiyah (الجماعة الإسلامية, al-Jamāʿah al-Islāmiyyah, meaning "Islamic Congregation", frequently abbreviated JI) is a Southeast Asian militant extremist Islamist rebel group dedicated to the establishment of an Islamic state in Southeast Asia.

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John Foster Dulles

John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat.

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Joko Widodo

Joko Widodo (born Mulyono; 21 June 1961), also known as Jokowi, is an Indonesian politician who is the seventh and current President of Indonesia.

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Jombang Regency

Jombang Regency is a regency of East Java, Indonesia, situated to the southwest of Surabaya.

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Kahuripan

Kahuripan (also spelt Kuripan) later Kediri was an 11th-century Javanese Hindu-Buddhist kingdom with its capital located around the estuarine of Brantas River valley in East Java.

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Kalasan

Kalasan (Candi Kalasan), also known as Candi Kalibening, is an 8th-century Buddhist temple in Java, Indonesia.

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Kalimantan

Kalimantan is the Indonesian portion of the island of Borneo.

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Kalinga (historical region)

Kalinga is a historical region of India.

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Kalingga Kingdom

Kalingga (Karajan Kalingga; 訶陵 Hēlíng or 闍婆 Dūpó in Chinese sources) was the 6th century Indianized kingdom on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia.

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Kediri Kingdom

Kediri or Kadiri (also known as Panjalu) was a Hindu Javanese Kingdom based in East Java from 1042 to around 1222.

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Kedu Plain

Kedu Plain, also known as Progo River valley, is the fertile volcanic plain that lies between the volcanoes, Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east, roughly corresponds to present-day Magelang and Temanggung Regency of Central Java, Indonesia.

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Kertanegara of Singhasari

Kertanegara of Singasari (full name Sri Maharajadiraja Sri Kertanegara Wikrama Dharmatunggadewa), Kritanagara, or Sivabuddha, (died 1292), was the last and most important ruler of the Singhasari kingdom of Java, reigning from 1268 to 1292.

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Kewu Plain

Kewu Plain, also known as Prambanan Plain or Opak River valley, is a fertile volcanic plain that lies between Merapi-Merbabu complex in the north, Bantul lowlands and Sewu karst limestone range in the south, Bengawan Solo river valley in east, and the Progo River in the west, and Kedu Plain on northwest.

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Khmer Empire

The Khmer Empire (Khmer: ចក្រភពខ្មែរ: Chakrphup Khmer or អាណាចក្រខ្មែរ: Anachak Khmer), officially the Angkor Empire (Khmer: អាណាចក្រអង្គរ: Anachak Angkor), the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ("Kampuchea" or "Srok Khmer" to the Khmer people), was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia.

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Kingdom of Holland

The Kingdom of Holland (Koninkrijk Holland, Royaume de Hollande) was set up by Napoléon Bonaparte as a puppet kingdom for his third brother, Louis Bonaparte, in order to better control the Netherlands.

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Kingdom of Pajang

The Kingdom of Pajang (1568–1586) was a short-lived Muslim state in Java.

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Kostrad

Kostrad (Komando Strategis Angkatan Darat: "Army Strategic Command") is a formation of the Indonesian Army.

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Kraton (Indonesia)

Kraton or Keraton is the Javanese word for a royal palace.

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Kroncong

Kroncong (pronounced "kronchong"; Keroncong, Krontjong) is the name of a ukulele-like instrument and an Indonesian musical style that typically makes use of the kroncong (the sound chrong-chrong-chrong comes from this instrument, so the music is called keronchong), the band or combo or ensemble (called a keronchong orchestra) consists of a flute, a violin, a melody guitar, a cello in pizzicato style, string bass in pizzicato style, and a female or male singer.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).

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Kutai

Kutai is a historic region in East Kalimantan in Indonesia on the island of Borneo and is also the name of the native people of the region, who have their own language of the same name and their own rich history.

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Laguna Copperplate Inscription

The Laguna Copperplate Inscription (Filipino: Inskripsyon sa Binatbat na Tanso ng Laguna, Malay: Prasasti keping tembaga Laguna; often shortened into the acronym LCI), a legal document inscribed on a copper plate in 900 AD, is the earliest known written document found in the Philippines.

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Languages of Indonesia

More than 700 living languages are spoken in Indonesia.

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Late Pleistocene

The Late Pleistocene is a geochronological age of the Pleistocene Epoch and is associated with Upper Pleistocene or Tarantian stage Pleistocene series rocks.

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Lesser Sunda Islands

The Lesser Sunda Islands (Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara "southeastern archipelago" or Kepulauan Sunda Kecil "lesser Sundanese archipelago") are a group of islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, north of Australia.

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Liberal Period (Dutch East Indies)

The Liberal Period refers to the economic policies instituted in the Dutch East Indies from the mid-19th century.

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Ligor inscription

Ligor inscription is an 8th-century stone stele or inscription discovered in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Southern Thailand Malay Peninsula.

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List of human evolution fossils

The following tables give a brief overview of several notable hominin fossil finds relating to human evolution beginning with the formation of the Hominini tribe in the late Miocene (roughly 6 million years ago).

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List of Presidents of Indonesia

This is a complete list of Presidents of Indonesia.

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Louis Bonaparte

Louis Napoléon Bonaparte (born Luigi Buonaparte; 2 September 1778 – 25 July 1846) was a younger brother of Napoleon I, Emperor of the French.

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Madura Island

Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mahakam River

The Mahakam River is a river in Kalimantan, Indonesia.

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Mahmud Badaruddin II

Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (1767-1852) was the 8th Sultan of the Palembang Sultanate, is now regarded as a National Hero of Indonesia.

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Majapahit

The Majapahit Empire (Javanese: ꦏꦫꦠꦺꦴꦤ꧀ꦩꦗꦥꦲꦶꦠ꧀ Karaton Majapahit, Kerajaan Majapahit) was a thalassocracy in Southeast Asia, based on the island of Java (part of modern-day Indonesia), that existed from 1293 to circa 1500.

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Makassar

Makassar (Buginese-Makassar language: ᨀᨚᨈ ᨆᨀᨔᨑ) – sometimes spelled Macassar – is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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Malacca

Malacca (Melaka; மலாக்கா) dubbed "The Historic State", is a state in Malaysia located in the southern region of the Malay Peninsula, next to the Strait of Malacca.

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Malacca Sultanate

The Malacca Sultanate (Kesultanan Melayu Melaka; Jawi script: كسلطانن ملايو ملاك) was a Malay sultanate centred in the modern-day state of Malacca, Malaysia.

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Malay language

Malay (Bahasa Melayu بهاس ملايو) is a major language of the Austronesian family spoken in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.

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Malay Peninsula

The Malay Peninsula (Tanah Melayu, تانه ملايو; คาบสมุทรมลายู,, မလေး ကျွန်းဆွယ်, 马来半岛 / 馬來半島) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Malays (ethnic group)

Malays (Orang Melayu, Jawi: أورڠ ملايو) are an Austronesian ethnic group that predominantly inhabit the Malay Peninsula, eastern Sumatra and coastal Borneo, as well as the smaller islands which lie between these locations — areas that are collectively known as the Malay world.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Maluku Islands

The Maluku Islands or the Moluccas are an archipelago within Banda Sea, Indonesia.

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Mandala (political model)

Maṇḍala is a Sanskrit word that means "circle".

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Maritime Southeast Asia

Maritime Southeast Asia is the maritime region of Southeast Asia as opposed to mainland Southeast Asia and comprises what is now Malaysia, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, and Timor Leste.

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Mataram conquest of Surabaya

The Mataram conquest of Surabaya or Mataram-Surabaya War was a military campaign by the Sultanate of Mataram in the early 17th century that resulted in the capture of the Duchy of Surabaya (Kadipaten Surabaya) and its allies in eastern Java, in modern-day Indonesia.

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Mataram Sultanate

The Sultanate of Mataram was the last major independent Javanese kingdom on Java before the island was colonised by the Dutch.

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Medan

Medan; is the capital of North Sumatra province in Indonesia.

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Medang Kingdom

The Medang Empire or Mataram Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 11th centuries.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Megalith

A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones.

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Megawati Sukarnoputri

Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Sukarnoputri, usually shortened to Megawati Sukarnoputri (born 23 January 1947), generally known as Megawati, is an Indonesian politician who served as president of Indonesia from 23 July 2001 to 20 October 2004.

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Mohammad Hatta

Mohammad Hatta (12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was Indonesia's first vice president, later also serving as the country's prime minister.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi (literally Fire Mountain in Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta provinces, Indonesia.

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Mpu Sindok

Mpu Sindok, throne name: Sri Isyana Vikramadhammatunggadeva, was the last king of the Sanjaya Dynasty who ruled the Kingdom of Mataram from Central Java, reigned from around 928 or 929 AD.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nakhon Si Thammarat

Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช,; from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja) is a city (thesaban nakhon) in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat Province and the Nakhon Si Thammarat District.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Napoleonic Wars

The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of major conflicts pitting the French Empire and its allies, led by Napoleon I, against a fluctuating array of European powers formed into various coalitions, financed and usually led by the United Kingdom.

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Nasakom

Nasakom was a political concept during the Sukarno presidency in Indonesia.

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National Awakening Party

The National Awakening Party (Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa), frequently abbreviated to PKB, is an Islam-basedAl-Hamdi, Ridho.

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National Museum of Indonesia

The National Museum of Indonesia (Museum Nasional), is an archeological, historical, ethnological, and geographical museum located in Jalan Medan Merdeka Barat, Central Jakarta, right on the west side of Merdeka Square.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New Guinea

New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.

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New Internationalist

New Internationalist (NI) is an independent, non-profit, publishing co-operative, based in Oxford, United Kingdom.

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New Order (Indonesia)

The New Order (Orde Baru) is the term coined by the second Indonesian President Suharto to characterise his regime as he came to power in 1966.

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New York Agreement

An Agreement signed by the Netherlands and Indonesia regarding the administration of the territory of West New Guinea.

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Non-Aligned Movement

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a group of states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.

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Nutmeg

Nutmeg is the seed or ground spice of several species of the genus Myristica.

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Old Javanese

Old Javanese is the oldest phase of the Javanese language that was spoken in areas in what is now the eastern part of Central Java and the whole of East Java.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Paddy field

A paddy field is a flooded parcel of arable land used for growing semiaquatic rice.

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Pala Empire

The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.

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Palembang

Palembang (Indonesian pronunciation: palɛmˈbaŋ) is the capital city of South Sumatra province of Indonesia.

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Pallava dynasty

The Pallava dynasty was a South Indian dynasty that existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a portion of southern India.

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Pallava script

The Pallava script, a Brahmic script, was developed under the Pallava dynasty of Southern India around the 6th century AD.

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Panaitan

Panaitan (Prinsen, or Prince's Island; sometimes also Princess Island) (1450 m) is an island in the Sunda Strait, between Java and Sumatra, and in the Indonesian province of Banten.

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Papua (province)

Papua is the largest and easternmost province of Indonesia, comprising most of Western New Guinea.

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Papua conflict

The Papua conflict is an ongoing conflict between the Indonesian government and portions of the indigenous populations of Western New Guinea (Papua) in the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea in which the Indonesian government has been accused of conducting a genocidal campaign against the indigenous inhabitants.

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Parameswara (king)

Parameswara (1344 – c. 1414), thought to be the same person named in the Malay Annals as Iskandar Shah, was the last king of Singapura and the founder of Malacca.

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Pattimura

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 178316 December 1817), also known as Kapitan Pattimura or simply Pattimura, was an Ambonese soldier and National Hero of Indonesia.

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People's Representative Council

The People's Representative Council (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR), alternatively translatable as the House of Representatives or as the House of People's Representatives, is one of two elected national legislative assemblies in Indonesia.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Piper cubeba

Piper cubeba, cubeb or tailed pepper is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil.

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Politics of Indonesia

The politics of Indonesia take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic whereby the President of Indonesia is both head of state and head of government and of a multi-party system.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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Portuguese Timor

Portuguese Timor (Timor Português) was a Portuguese colony that existed between 1702 and 1975.

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Post-Suharto era

The Post-Suharto era in Indonesia began with the fall of Suharto in 1998 during which Indonesia has been in a period of transition, an era known in Indonesia as Reformasi (English: Reform).

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Prabowo Subianto

Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo (born 17 October 1951) is an Indonesian businessman, politician and former Lieutenant General in the Indonesian National Armed Forces.

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Prambanan

Prambanan or Rara Jonggrang (Rara Jonggrang) is a 9th-century Hindu temple compound in Central Java, Indonesia, dedicated to the Trimurti, the expression of God as the Creator (Brahma), the Preserver (Vishnu) and the Transformer (Shiva).

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President of Indonesia

The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.

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President Sukarno's 1959 Decree

The Presidential Decree of July 5, 1959 was issued by President Sukarno in the face of the inability of the Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia to achieve the two-thirds majority to reimpose the 1945 Constitution.

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Proclamation of Indonesian Independence

The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence (Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply Proklamasi) was read at 10:00 a.m. on Friday, 17 August 1945.

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Proselytism

Proselytism is the act of attempting to convert people to another religion or opinion.

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Protectionism

Protectionism is the economic policy of restricting imports from other countries through methods such as tariffs on imported goods, import quotas, and a variety of other government regulations.

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Provisional Constitution of 1950

The Provisional Constitution of 1950 (UUDS 1950) replaced the Federal Constitution of 1949 when Indonesia unilaterally withdrew from the union with the Netherlands agreed at the Round Table Conference and returned to being a unitary state.

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Punitive expedition

A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a state or any group of persons outside the borders of the punishing state.

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Purnawarman

Purnawarman or Purnavarman is the 5th century king of Tarumanagara, a Hindu Indianized kingdom, located in modern-day West Java, Jakarta and Banten provinces, Indonesia.

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Quaternary glaciation

The Quaternary glaciation, also known as the Quaternary Ice Age or Pleistocene glaciation, is a series of glacial events separated by interglacial events during the Quaternary period from 2.58 Ma (million years ago) to present.

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Raden Wijaya

Raden Wijaya (also known as Nararya Sangramawijaya, regnal name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana), Raden Vijaya, (reigned 1293–1309) was a Javanese King, the founder and the first monarch of Majapahit empire.

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Raja Raja Chola I

Raja Raja Cholan I (or Rajaraja Cholan I) born as Arul Mozhi Varman known as Raja Raja Cholan was a Chola Emperor from present day South India who ruled over the Chola kingdom of Ancient Tamilnadu (parts of southern India), parts of northern India, two third's of Sri Lankan territory (Eezham), Maldives and parts of East Asia, between 985 and 1014 CE.

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Rajendra Chola I

Rajendra Chola I or Rajendra I was a Chola emperor of India who succeeded his father Rajaraja Chola I to the throne in 1014 CE.

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Rajiman Wediodiningrat

Kanjeng Raden Tumenggung (K.R.T.) Radjiman Wedyodiningrat (April 21, 1879 - September 20, 1952) was an Indonesian physician and one of the founding figures of the Indonesian Republic.

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Rakai Pikatan

Rakai Pikatan was a king of the Sanjaya dynasty Medang Kingdom in Central Java who built the Prambanan temple, dedicated to Shiva, which was completed in 856 AD.

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Rama

Rama or Ram (Sanskrit: राम, IAST: Rāma), also known as Ramachandra, is a major deity of Hinduism.

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Ramayana

Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.

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Republic of South Maluku

South Maluku, officially the Republic of South Maluku, is an unrecognized secessionist republic in the southern Maluku Islands archipelago in Maritime Southeast Asia that claims the islands of Ambon, Buru, and Seram as part of its territory, all of which are currently part of the Indonesian province of Maluku.

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Republic of Venice

The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.

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Riau

Riau (Jawi), is a province of Indonesia.

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Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies

The Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies (lit, abbreviated: KITLV) at Leiden was founded in 1851.

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Sabah

Sabah is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo Island.

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Samudera Pasai Sultanate

Samudera Pasai, also known as Samudera or Pasai or Samudera Darussalam, was a Muslim harbour kingdom on the north coast of Sumatra from the 13th to the 16th centuries CE.

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Sangiran

Sangiran is an archaeological excavation site in Java in Indonesia.

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Sanjaya dynasty

Sañjaya was an ancient Javanese dynasty that ruled the Mataram kingdom in Java during first millennium CE.

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Sanjaya of Mataram

King Sanjaya of Mataram (AD 716 – 746) or in complete stylized name known as Rakai Mataram Sang Ratu Sanjaya (King Sanjaya Rakai (lord) of Mataram) was the founder of Mataram Kingdom during the eighth century.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sarawak

Sarawak is a state of Malaysia.

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Sarekat Islam

Sarekat Islam, formerly Islamists Trade Union (Indonesian: Sarekat Dagang Islam), was a cooperative of Javanese batik traders in the Dutch East Indies and a predecessor of independent Indonesia.

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Sewu

Sewu (Sèwu) is an eighth century Mahayana Buddhist temple located 800 meters north of Prambanan in Central Java, Indonesia.

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Sexual slavery

Sexual slavery and sexual exploitation is attaching the right of ownership over one or more persons with the intent of coercing or otherwise forcing them to engage in one or more sexual activities.

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Shailendra dynasty

The Shailendra dynasty (derived from Sanskrit combined words Śaila and Indra, meaning "King of the Mountain", also spelled Sailendra, Syailendra or Selendra) was the name of a notable Indianised Indonesian dynasty that emerged in 8th century Java, whose reign signified a cultural renaissance in the region.

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Siege of Batavia

Siege of Batavia was a military campaign led by Sultan Agung of Mataram to capture the Dutch port-settlement of Batavia in Java.

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Singhasari

Singhasari was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom located in east Java between 1222 and 1292 (today Indonesia).

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Singhasari temple

Singhasari temple or Candi Singhasari is a 13th-century syncretic Hindu-Buddhist temple located in Singosari district, Malang Regency, East Java in Indonesia.

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Sita

Sita (pronounced, Sanskrit: सीता, IAST: Sītā) or Seeta, is the consort of Lord Rama (incarnation of Vishnu) and an avatar of Sri Lakshmi, the Hindu goddess that denotes good sign, good fortune, prosperity, success, and happiness.

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Slash-and-burn

Slash-and-burn agriculture, or fire–fallow cultivation, is a farming method that involves the cutting and burning of plants in a forest or woodland to create a field called a swidden.

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Soepomo

Prof.

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Solo Man

Solo Man (Homo erectus soloensis) is a subspecies of Homo erectus., identified based on fossil evidence discovered between 1931 and 1933 by Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald, from sites along the Solo River, on the Indonesian island of Java, dated to between 550,000 and 143,000 years old.

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Solor

Solor is a volcanic island located off the eastern tip of Flores island in the Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia, in the Solor Archipelago.

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South Sumatra

South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) is a province of Indonesia.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Spice trade

The spice trade refers to the trade between historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe.

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Spread of Islam in Indonesia

The history of arrival and spread of Islam in Indonesia is unclear.

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Srivijaya

Srivijaya (also written Sri Vijaya, Indonesian/Malay: Sriwijaya, Javanese: ꦯꦿꦶꦮꦶꦗꦪ, Sundanese:, ศรีวิชัย, Sanskrit: श्रीविजय, Śrīvijaya, Khmer: ស្រីវិជ័យ "Srey Vichey", known by the Chinese as Shih-li-fo-shih and San-fo-ch'i t) was a dominant thalassocratic Malay city-state based on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia.

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Stamford Raffles

Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles, FRS (6 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman, Lieutenant-Governor of British Java (1811–1815) and Governor-General of Bencoolen (1817–1822), best known for his founding of Modern Singapore.

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Strait of Malacca

The Strait of Malacca (Selat Melaka, Selat Malaka; Jawi: سلت ملاک) or Straits of Malacca is a narrow, stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra.

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Subsidy

A subsidy is a form of financial aid or support extended to an economic sector (or institution, business, or individual) generally with the aim of promoting economic and social policy.

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Suharto

Muhammad Suharto (also written Soeharto;, or Muhammad Soeharto; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was an Indonesian military leader and politician who served as the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.

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Sukarno

Sukarno (born Kusno Sosrodihardjo; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was the first President of Indonesia, serving in office from 1945 to 1967.

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Sulawesi

Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultan Agung of Mataram

Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Hanyakrakusuma (Javanese: ꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦠꦤ꧀ꦲꦒꦸꦁꦲꦢꦶꦦꦿꦧꦸꦲꦚꦏꦿꦏꦸꦱꦸꦩ, Sultan Agung Adi Prabu Hanyåkråkusumå) was the third Sultan of Mataram in Central Java ruling from 1613 to 1645.

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Sumatra

Sumatra is an Indonesian island in Southeast Asia that is part of the Sunda Islands.

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Sunda Kingdom

The Sunda Kingdom (Sundanese: Karajaan Sunda) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Central Java.

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Sunda Strait

The Sunda Strait (Indonesian: Selat Sunda) is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra.

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Surabaya

Surabaya (formerly Dutch: Soerabaia and later Surabaja) is a port city and the capital of East Java (Jawa Timur) province of Indonesia.

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Surakarta

Surakarta (ꦯꦸꦫꦏꦂꦠ, often called Solo or less common spelling Sala) is a city in Central Java.

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Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono

Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949) (pronounced) is an Indonesian politician and retired Army general officer who was the President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014.

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tamil language

Tamil (தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language predominantly spoken by the Tamil people of India and Sri Lanka, and by the Tamil diaspora, Sri Lankan Moors, Burghers, Douglas, and Chindians.

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Tarumanagara

Tarumanagara or Taruma Kingdom or just Taruma is an early Sundanese Indianised kingdom, whose 5th-century ruler, Purnawarman, produced the earliest known inscriptions on Java island.

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Ternate

Ternate is an island in the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) of eastern Indonesia.

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Terrorism

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.

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Thalassocracy

A thalassocracy (from Classical Greek θάλασσα (thalassa), meaning "sea", and κρατεῖν (kratein), meaning "power", giving Koine Greek θαλασσοκρατία (thalassokratia), "sea power") is a state with primarily maritime realms, an empire at sea (such as the Phoenician network of merchant cities) or a seaborne empire.

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The History of Java

History of Java is a book written by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, and published in 1817.

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The Straits Times

The Straits Times is an English-language daily broadsheet newspaper based in Singapore currently owned by Singapore Press Holdings (SPH).

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Timeline of Jakarta

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Jakarta, Indonesia.

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Timor

Timor is an island at the southern end of Maritime Southeast Asia, north of the Timor Sea.

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Timorese Democratic Union

The Timorese Democratic Union (União Democrática Timorense) is a conservative political party in East Timor.

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Timorese Popular Democratic Association

The Timorese Popular Democratic Association (Associação Popular Democratica Timorense or APODETI) was a political party in East Timor established in 1974, which favoured integration with Indonesia.

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Toraja

The Toraja are an ethnic group indigenous to a mountainous region of South Sulawesi, Indonesia.

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Torture

Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.

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Transition to the New Order

Indonesia's transition to the "New Order" in the mid-1960s, ousted the country's first president, Sukarno, after 22 years in the position.

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Trinil

Trinil is a palaeoanthropological site on the banks of the Bengawan Solo River in Ngawi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia.

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Trunajaya

Tronajâyâ (Madurese) or Trunajaya also known as Panembahan Maduretno (born: Madura, 1649 — died: Payak, Bantul, 2 January 1680) was a prince and warlord from Arosbaya, Bangkalan, Madura.

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Trunajaya rebellion

Trunajaya rebellion (also spelled Trunojoyo rebellion; Pemberontakan Trunajaya) or Trunajaya War was the ultimately unsuccessful rebellion waged by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and fighters from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate and its Dutch East India Company (VOC) supporters in Java (in modern-day Indonesia) during the 1670s.

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Tuanku Imam Bonjol

Tuanku Imam Bonjol (1772 – 6 November 1864), also known as Muhammad Syahab, Peto Syarif, and Malim Basa, was one of the most popular leaders of the Padri movement in Central Sumatra.

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Udayana

Udayana, also known as Udayanācārya (Udyanacharya, or Master Udayana), was a very important Hindu logician of the tenth century who attempted to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (Nyaya and Vaisheshika).

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Unilateral declaration of independence

A unilateral declaration of independence (UDI) is a formal process leading to the establishment of a new state by a subnational entity which declares itself independent and sovereign without a formal agreement with the national state from which it is seceding.

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United Development Party

The United Development Party (Partai Persatuan Pembangunan, sometimes translated as Development Unity Party), frequently abbreviated to PPP, is an Islam-basedAl-Hamdi, Ridho.

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United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor

The United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) provided an interim civil administration and a peacekeeping mission in the territory of East Timor, from its establishment on 25 October 1999, until its independence on 20 May 2002, following the outcome of the East Timor Special Autonomy Referendum.

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United States of Indonesia

The Republic of the United States of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia Serikat, RIS), abbreviated as RUSI, was a federal state to which the Netherlands formally transferred sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies (minus Netherlands New Guinea) on 27 December 1949 following the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference.

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Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a historic document that was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly at its third session on 10 December 1948 as Resolution 217 at the Palais de Chaillot in Paris, France.

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Upland rice

Upland rice is rice grown on dry soil rather than flooded rice paddies.

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Utilitarianism

Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that states that the best action is the one that maximizes utility.

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Vajrayana

Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.

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Vice President of Indonesia

The Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia (Wakil Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the first in the line of succession in the Republic of Indonesia.

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Victory over Japan Day

Victory over Japan Day (also known as V-J Day, Victory in the Pacific Day, or V-P Day) is the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war.

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Vishnu

Vishnu (Sanskrit: विष्णु, IAST) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism, and the Supreme Being in its Vaishnavism tradition.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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West Java

West Java (Jawa Barat, abbreviated as Jabar; Sundanese: Jawa Kulon) is a province of Indonesia.

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West Timor

West Timor (Timor Barat) is the western and Indonesian portion of the island of Timor next to the country of East Timor (Nusa Tenggara Timur).

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Western New Guinea

Western New Guinea, also known as Papua (formerly Irian Jaya) and West Papua, is the part of the island of New Guinea (also known as Papua) annexed by Indonesia in 1962.

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World Bank

The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta (also Jogja or Jogjakarta; ꦛꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; formerly Dutch: Djokjakarta/Djocjakarta or Djokja) is a city on the island of Java in Indonesia.

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Yogyakarta Sultanate

Yogyakarta Sultanate (Kasultanan Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat; Hanacaraka) is a Javanese monarchy in Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia.

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1997 Asian financial crisis

The Asian financial crisis was a period of financial crisis that gripped much of East Asia beginning in July 1997 and raised fears of a worldwide economic meltdown due to financial contagion.

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1997 Southeast Asian haze

The 1997 Southeast Asian haze was a large-scale air quality disaster that occurred during the second half of 1997, its after-effects causing widespread atmospheric visibility and health problems within Southeast Asia.

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2002 Bali bombings

The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali.

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2003 Marriott Hotel bombing

The 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing occurred on 5 August 2003 in Mega Kuningan, South Jakarta, Indonesia.

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2004 Australian Embassy bombing in Jakarta

The 2004 Australian embassy bombing took place on 9 September 2004 in Jakarta, Indonesia.

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2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami

The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake occurred at 00:58:53 UTC on 26 December with the epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia.

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2005 Bali bombings

The 2005 Bali bombings were a series of terrorist suicide bomb and a series of car bombs and attacks that occurred on 1 October 2005, in Bali, Indonesia.

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2005 Malaysian haze

Haze is caused by "hotspots" (zones with high temperature levels as seen via satellite imagery) in Malaysia and Indonesia.

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2006 Southeast Asian haze

The 2006 Southeast Asian haze event was caused by continued uncontrolled burning from "slash and burn" cultivation in Indonesia, and affected several countries in the Southeast Asian region and beyond, such as Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand, and as far as Saipan; the effects of the haze may have spread to South Korea.

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2009 Jakarta bombings

The 2009 Jakarta Bombings were a terrorist attack which took place in Jakarta, Indonesia on 17 July 2009.

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2009 Southeast Asian haze

The 2009 Southeast Asian haze was an episode of large scale air pollution primarily caused by slash and burn practices used to clear land for agricultural purposes in Sumatra, Indonesia.

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2013 Southeast Asian haze

The 2013 Southeast Asian haze was a haze crisis that affected several countries in Southeast Asia, including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Southern Thailand, mainly during June and July 2013.

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2015 Southeast Asian haze

The 2015 Southeast Asian haze was an air pollution crisis affecting several countries in Southeast Asia, including Brunei, Indonesia (especially its islands of Sumatra and Borneo), Malaysia, Singapore, southern Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia and the Philippines.

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2016 Jakarta attacks

On 14 January 2016, multiple explosions and gunfire were reported near the Sarinah shopping mall in central Jakarta, Indonesia, at the intersection of Jalan Kyai Haji Wahid Hasyim and Jalan MH Thamrin.

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30 September Movement

The Thirtieth of September Movement (Gerakan 30 September, abbreviated as G30S, also known by the acronym Gestapu for Gerakan September Tiga Puluh or sometimes called Gestok, for Gerakan Satu Oktober, First of October Movement) was a self-proclaimed organization of Indonesian National Armed Forces members who, in the early hours of 1 October 1965, assassinated six Indonesian Army generals in an abortive coup d'état.

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Redirects here:

Economic History of Indonesia, History of indonesia, History of the Dutch East Indies, History of the Indonesian Archipelago, Indonesia/History, Indonesian history, Post-independence Indonesia, Pre-colonial Indonesia.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Indonesia

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