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History of Texas

Index History of Texas

The recorded history of Texas begins with the arrival of the first Spanish conquistadors in the region of North America now known as Texas in 1519, who found the region populated by numerous Native American / Indian tribes. [1]

346 relations: Adams–Onís Treaty, Adoption, Adrián Woll, Agricultural Adjustment Act, Agustín de Iturbide, Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas, Alamo Mission in San Antonio, Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument, Alonso Álvarez de Pineda, Alonso de León, Alwyn Barr, American Civil War, American Indian Wars, Anahuac Disturbances, Anahuac, Texas, Anastasio Bustamante, Ancestral Puebloans, Anthony Francis Lucas, Antonio López de Santa Anna, Archaeology, Architecture in Texas, 1895–1945, Austin, Texas, Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, Barbed wire, Battle of Gonzales, Battle of Nacogdoches, Battle of Palmito Ranch, Battle of San Jacinto, Battle of the Alamo, Baylor University, Beaumont, Texas, Bison, Bison latifrons, Bracero program, Brazos River, Brooke Army Medical Center, Caddo, Caddoan languages, Camp Mabry, Canada, Catholic Church, Cádiz, Charles II of Spain, Choctaw, Cholera, Christian mission, City commission government, Civilian Conservation Corps, Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas, Climate change, ..., Clovis culture, Coahuila, Coahuila y Tejas, Coahuiltecan, Colorado, Comanche history, Comancheria, Community property, Compromise of 1850, Confederate States of America, Conquistador, Conservatism in the United States, Constitution of Texas, Contiguous United States, Convention of 1832, Convention of 1833, Corpus Christi Army Depot, Czech Americans, Czech Texans, Dan Patrick (politician), Dawson massacre, Democratic Party (United States), Domingo Terán de los Ríos, Drainage basin, Dunning School, Dust Bowl, Dust storm, East Texas, East Texas Oil Field, El Paso, Texas, Empresario, Englewood, Colorado, Epidemic, Estevanico, Europe, Extradition, Federal Emergency Relief Administration, Federalism, First French Empire, Folsom tradition, Fort Bend County, Texas, Fort Bliss, Fort Hood, Fort Sam Houston, Fort Worth and Denver Railway, Forts of Texas, France, French colonization of Texas, Galveston, Texas, Game (hunting), General Colonization Law, German Texan, Germany, Gerrymandering, Goliad massacre, Great Depression in the United States, Great Lakes, Greg Abbott, Gulf Coast of the United States, Gulf of Mexico, Harrisburg, Houston, Hasinai, Hispanic, History of Houston, History of slavery, History of slavery in Texas, History of Texas forests, History of the Southern United States, History of vice in Texas, Holocene extinction, Homestead exemption, Houma people, Houston, Houston Ship Channel, Hueco Tanks, Illinois Territory, Indentured servitude, Indian Territory, Inez, Texas, Infection, Jamaica, James K. Polk, Jaybird–Woodpecker War, Jean Gery, Jim Crow laws, Jim Hogg, John Connally, John D. Rockefeller, John F. Kennedy, John Ireland (politician), José de Azlor y Virto de Vera, José de Urrea, Joseph Bonaparte, Juneteenth, Kansas, Karankawa people, Karl Rove, Ken Paxton, Kickapoo people, Lawrence Sullivan Ross, League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, Leanderthal Lady, Lee Harvey Oswald, Lenape, LeTourneau University, LGBT rights in Texas, Liberalism in the United States, Life (magazine), Lily-white movement, Lipan Apache people, List of counties in Texas, List of people considered father or mother of a field, Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant, Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, Los Adaes, Louis XIV of France, Louisiana, Louisiana (New France), Louisiana Purchase, Lubbock, Texas, Lyndon B. Johnson, Mammoth, Martín de Alarcón, Mass in the Catholic Church, Matagorda Bay, Mesoamerica, Mesquite, Mexican Texas, Mexican War of Independence, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Mexico City, Miami people, Mingo, Mirabeau B. Lamar, Mission San Francisco de la Espada, Mississippi River, Mississippian culture, Mogollon culture, Morrill Land-Grant Acts, Moses Austin, Mound, Mound Builders, Muscogee, NAACP, Nacogdoches, Texas, Napoleon, Narváez expedition, Natchitoches people, Natchitoches, Louisiana, National Historic Landmark, Native Americans in the United States, New Deal, New France, New Mexico, New Orleans, New Spain, New York (state), Nomad, Norris Wright Cuney, North America, Nueces massacre, Nueces River, Nueva Vizcaya, Obsidian, Oklahoma, Old Three Hundred, Overton, Texas, Oxford University Press, Paleo-Indians, Paul Horgan, PBS, People's Party (United States), Petroleum, Petroleum industry, Petroleum reservoir, Pictogram, Plains Indians, Poll taxes in the United States, Praetorian Building, Pre-Columbian era, Prentice Hall, President of the Republic of Texas, Presidio, Price fixing, Prisoner of war, Privateer, Pueblo of Isleta, Pueblo Revolt, Quorum, Rail transport, Range war, Ráfael Vásquez (general), Reconstruction era, Red River Army Depot, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, Republic of Texas, Republican Party (United States), Rio Grande, Robeline, Louisiana, Robert B. Hawley, Robert Caro, Rocky Mountains, Runaway Scrape, Sam Houston, San Antonio, San Antonio River, San Saba River, Secretary of state, Sedentism, Seven Years' War, Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza, Smallpox, Smith v. Allwright, Spain, Spanish Florida, Spanish missions in Texas, Spanish Texas, Spear-thrower, Spindletop, Standard Oil, Stephen F. Austin, Stock market crash, Storm surge, Sun Belt, Supreme Court of the United States, Tea Party movement, Tejano, Teotihuacan, Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov, Terry v. Adams, Texas, Texas A&M University, Texas A&M University Press, Texas annexation, Texas Archive War, Texas Declaration of Independence, Texas divisionism, Texas elections, 2014, Texas Eleven, Texas Historical Commission, Texas oil boom, Texas Panhandle, Texas Revolution, Texas State Historical Association, Texas Tech University, Texas World War II Army Airfields, Texian Army, The New York Times, The Texas Tribune, The Wall Street Journal, The Years of Lyndon Johnson, Thomas Jefferson, Thornton Affair, Timeline of Arlington, Texas, Timeline of Austin, Texas, Timeline of Dallas, Timeline of El Paso, Texas, Timeline of Houston, Timeline of San Antonio, Tom DeLay, Trans-Pecos, Treaties of Velasco, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Trinity River (Texas), U.S. state, United States, United States home front during World War II, University of Oklahoma Press, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas Press, Urbanization in the United States, Velasco, Texas, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Walter Prescott Webb, War of the Quadruple Alliance, Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas, Water conservation, West Columbia, Texas, West Florida, West Texas, Western United States, White primaries, White supremacy, Wichita people, Works Progress Administration, Wyoming, Yale University Press, Ysleta del Sur Pueblo, Zacatecas, Zachary Taylor, 1824 Constitution of Mexico, 1900 Galveston hurricane, 1st Congress of the Republic of Texas, 2003 Texas redistricting, 4th millennium BC. Expand index (296 more) »

Adams–Onís Treaty

The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p.168.

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Adoption

Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.

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Adrián Woll

Adrián Woll (December 2, 1795 – February 1875) was a French Mexican general in the army of Mexico during the Texas Revolution and the military conflict between Mexico and the Republic of Texas which followed.

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Agricultural Adjustment Act

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.

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Agustín de Iturbide

Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (27 September 178319 July 1824), also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician.

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Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas

The Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas is a Federally recognized tribe of Alabama and Koasati in Polk County, Texas.

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Alamo Mission in San Antonio

The Alamo Mission in San Antonio (Misión de Álamo) is commonly called The Alamo and was originally known as Misión San Antonio de Valero.

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Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument

Alibates Flint Quarries National Monument is a U.S. National Monument in the State of Texas.

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Alonso Álvarez de Pineda

Alonso Álvarez de Pineda (Aldeacentenera, 1494-2018) was a Spanish explorer and cartographer who was first documented in Texas history.

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Alonso de León

Alonso de León "El Mozo" (c. 1639–1691) was explorer and governor, who led several expeditions into the area that is now northeastern Mexico and southern Texas.

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Alwyn Barr

Chester Alwyn Barr, Jr. (born January 18, 1938) is an American historian who specializes in African American studies, the American South, the American Civil War, and Reconstruction.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Indian Wars

The American Indian Wars (or Indian Wars) is the collective name for the various armed conflicts fought by European governments and colonists, and later the United States government and American settlers, against various American Indian tribes.

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Anahuac Disturbances

The Anahuac Disturbances were uprisings of settlers in and around Anahuac, Texas in 1832 and 1835 which helped to precipitate the Texas Revolution.

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Anahuac, Texas

Anahuac is a city in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Anastasio Bustamante

Anastasio Bustamante y Oseguera (27 July 1780 – 6 February 1853) was president of Mexico three times, from 1830 to 1832, from 1837 to 1839 and from 1839 to 1841.

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Ancestral Puebloans

The Ancestral Puebloans were an ancient Native American culture that spanned the present-day Four Corners region of the United States, comprising southeastern Utah, northeastern Arizona, northwestern New Mexico, and southwestern Colorado.

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Anthony Francis Lucas

Anthony Francis Lucas (born Antun Lučić; September 9, 1855 – September 67,1921) was an American Croatian-born oil explorer.

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Antonio López de Santa Anna

Antonio de Padua María Severino López de Santa Anna y Pérez de Lebrón (21 February 1794 – 21 June 1876),Callcott, Wilfred H., "Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez De,", accessed April 18, 2017 often known as Santa Anna or López de Santa Anna was a Mexican politician and general who fought to defend royalist New Spain and then for Mexican independence.

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Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.

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Architecture in Texas, 1895–1945

Architecture in Texas, 1895–1945 is a 1993 book written by Jay C. Henry and published by the University of Texas Press.

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Austin, Texas

Austin is the capital of the U.S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County, with portions extending into Hays and Williamson counties.

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Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (Jerez de la Frontera, 1488/1490/1492"Cabeza de Vaca, Alvar Núñez (1492?-1559?)." American Eras. Vol. 1: Early American Civilizations and Exploration to 1600. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 50-51. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 10 Dec. 2014.Seville, 1557/1558/1559/1560"Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2014. Web. 08 Dec. 2014.) was a Spanish explorer of the New World, and one of four survivors of the 1527 Narváez expedition.

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Barbed wire

Barbed wire, also known as barb wire, less often as bob wire or, in the southeastern United States, bobbed wire, is a type of steel fencing wire constructed with sharp edges or points arranged at intervals along the strand(s).

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Battle of Gonzales

The Battle of Gonzales was the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution.

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Battle of Nacogdoches

The Battle of Nacogdoches culminated on August 2, 1832, after a group of Texan colonists resisted an order issued in July by the commander of the Mexican Army at Nacogdoches, Texas to surrender their arms.

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Battle of Palmito Ranch

The Battle of Palmito Ranch is considered by some criteria as the final battle of the American Civil War.

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Battle of San Jacinto

The Battle of San Jacinto, fought on April 21, 1836, in present-day Harris County, Texas, was the decisive battle of the Texas Revolution.

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Battle of the Alamo

The Battle of the Alamo (February 23 – March 6, 1836) was a pivotal event in the Texas Revolution.

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Baylor University

Baylor University (BU) is a private Christian university in Waco, Texas.

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Beaumont, Texas

Beaumont is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County, Texas in the United States, within the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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Bison

Bison are large, even-toed ungulates in the genus Bison within the subfamily Bovinae.

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Bison latifrons

Bison latifrons (also known as the giant bison or long-horned bison) is an extinct species of bison that lived in North America during the Pleistocene epoch.

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Bracero program

The Bracero Program (from the Spanish term bracero, meaning "manual laborer" or "one who works using his arms") was a series of laws and diplomatic agreements, initiated on August 4, 1942, when the United States signed the Mexican Farm Labor Agreement with Mexico.

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Brazos River

The Brazos River, called the Rio de los Brazos de Dios (translated as "The River of the Arms of God") by early Spanish explorers, is the 11th-longest river in the United States of America at from its headwater source at the head of Blackwater Draw, Curry County, New Mexico to its mouth at the Gulf of Mexico with a drainage basin.

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Brooke Army Medical Center

Brooke Army Medical Center (BAMC) is the United States Army's premier medical institution.

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Caddo

The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Southeastern Native American tribes.

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Caddoan languages

The Caddoan languages are a family of languages native to the Great Plains.

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Camp Mabry

Camp Mabry (ICAO: KATT) is a military installation in Austin, Texas that houses the headquarters of the Texas Military Forces and the Texas Military Forces Museum.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cádiz

Cádiz (see other pronunciations below) is a city and port in southwestern Spain.

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Charles II of Spain

Charles II of Spain (Carlos II; 6 November 1661 – 1 November 1700), also known as El Hechizado or the Bewitched, was the last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire.

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Choctaw

The Choctaw (in the Choctaw language, Chahta)Common misspellings and variations in other languages include Chacta, Tchakta and Chocktaw.

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Cholera

Cholera is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

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Christian mission

A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity.

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City commission government

City commission government is a form of local government in the United States.

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Civilian Conservation Corps

The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a public work relief program that operated from 1933 to 1942 in the United States for unemployed, unmarried men.

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Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Classification of indigenous peoples of the Americas is based upon cultural regions, geography, and linguistics.

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Climate change

Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).

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Clovis culture

The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture, named for distinct stone tools found in close association with Pleistocene fauna at Blackwater Locality No. 1 near Clovis, New Mexico, in the 1920s and 1930s.

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Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza (Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Coahuila y Tejas

Coahuila y Tejas (Coahuila and Texas) was one of the constituent states of the newly established United Mexican States under its 1824 Constitution.

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Coahuiltecan

The Coahuiltecan were various small, autonomous bands of Native Americans who inhabited the Rio Grande valley in what is now southern Texas and northeastern Mexico.

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Colorado

Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.

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Comanche history

Forming a part of the Eastern Shoshone linguistic group in southeastern Wyoming who moved on to the buffalo Plains around AD 1500 (based on glottochronological estimations), proto-Comanche groups split off and moved south some time before AD 1700.

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Comancheria

The Comancheria (Comanche: Nʉmʉnʉʉ Sookobitʉ, 'Comanche land') is the name commonly given to the region of New Mexico, west Texas and nearby areas occupied by the Comanche before the 1860s.

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Community property

Community property is a marital property regime under which most property acquired during the marriage (except for gifts or inheritances), the community, or communio bonorum, is owned jointly by both spouses and is divided upon divorce, annulment, or death.

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Compromise of 1850

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850, which defused a four-year political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired during the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Conquistador

Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

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Conservatism in the United States

American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States that is characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values, moral absolutism, free markets and free trade, anti-communism, individualism, advocacy of American exceptionalism, and a defense of Western culture from the perceived threats posed by socialism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.

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Constitution of Texas

The Constitution of the State of Texas is the document that describes the structure and function of the government of the U.S. state of Texas.

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Contiguous United States

The contiguous United States or officially the conterminous United States consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states plus Washington, D.C. on the continent of North America.

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Convention of 1832

The Convention of 1832 was the first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas.

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Convention of 1833

The Convention of 1833 (April 1–13, 1833), a political gathering of settlers in Mexican Texas, was a successor to the Convention of 1832, whose requests had not been addressed by the Mexican government.

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Corpus Christi Army Depot

Corpus Christi Army Depot (CCAD) is a United States Department of Defense (DoD) Center of Industrial and Technical Excellence (CITE) for rotary wing aircraft.

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Czech Americans

Czech Americans (Čechoameričané), known in the 19th and early 20th century as Bohemian Americans, are citizens of the United States who are of Czech descent.

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Czech Texans

Czech Texans are residents of the state of Texas who are of Czech ancestry.

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Dan Patrick (politician)

Dan Goeb Patrick (born Dannie Scott Goeb; April 4, 1950) is an American radio talk show host and politician from Houston, Texas.

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Dawson massacre

The Dawson massacre, also called the Dawson expedition, was an incident in which 36 Texian militiamen were killed by Mexican soldiers on September 17, 1842 near San Antonio de Bexar (now the U.S. city of San Antonio, Texas).

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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Domingo Terán de los Ríos

Domingo Terán de los Ríos served as the first governor of Spanish Texas from 1691 to 1692.

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Drainage basin

A drainage basin is any area of land where precipitation collects and drains off into a common outlet, such as into a river, bay, or other body of water.

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Dunning School

The Dunning School refers to a group of historians who shared a historiographical school of thought regarding the Reconstruction period of American history (1865–1877).

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Dust Bowl

The Dust Bowl, also known as the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s; severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent wind erosion (the Aeolian processes) caused the phenomenon.

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Dust storm

A dust storm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.

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East Texas

East Texas is a distinct cultural, geographic and ecological area in the U.S. state of Texas.

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East Texas Oil Field

The East Texas Oil Field is a large oil and gas field in east Texas.

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El Paso, Texas

El Paso (from Spanish, "the pass") is a city in and the seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States.

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Empresario

An empresario was a person who had been granted the right to settle on land in exchange for recruiting and taking responsibility for new settlers.

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Englewood, Colorado

The City of Englewood is a Home Rule Municipality located in Arapahoe County, Colorado, United States.

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Epidemic

An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of infectious disease to a large number of people in a given population within a short period of time, usually two weeks or less.

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Estevanico

Estevanico (c. 1500–1539) was one of the first native Africans to reach the present-day continental United States.

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Europe

Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.

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Extradition

Extradition is the act by one jurisdiction of delivering a person who has been accused of committing a crime in another jurisdiction or has been convicted of a crime in that other jurisdiction into the custody of a law enforcement agency of that other jurisdiction.

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Federal Emergency Relief Administration

The Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) was the new name given by the Roosevelt Administration to the Emergency Relief Administration (ERA) which President Franklin Delano Roosevelt had created in 1933.

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Federalism

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.

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First French Empire

The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.

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Folsom tradition

The Folsom Complex is a name given by archaeologists to a specific Paleo-Indian archaeological culture that occupied much of central North America.

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Fort Bend County, Texas

Fort Bend County is a county in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Fort Bliss

Fort Bliss is a United States Army post in the U.S. states of New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters located in El Paso, Texas.

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Fort Hood

Fort Hood is a U.S. military post located in Killeen, Texas.

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Fort Sam Houston

Fort Sam Houston is a U.S. Army post in San Antonio, Texas.

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Fort Worth and Denver Railway

The Fort Worth and Denver Railway, nicknamed "the Denver Road," was a Class I American railroad company that operated in the northern part of Texas from 1881 to 1982, and had a profound influence on the early settlement and economic development of the region.

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Forts of Texas

The Forts of Texas include a number of historical and operational military installations.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French colonization of Texas

The French colonization of Texas began with the establishment of a fort in present-day southeastern Texas.

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Galveston, Texas

Galveston is a coastal resort city on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Game (hunting)

Game or quarry is any animal hunted for sport or for food.

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General Colonization Law

The Colonization Law of August 18, 1824 was a Mexican statute allowing foreigners to immigrate to the country.

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German Texan

German Texan (Deutschtexaner) is both a term to describe immigrants who arrived in the Republic of Texas from Germany from the 1830s onward and an ethnic category which includes their descendants in today's state of Texas.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.

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Goliad massacre

The Goliad massacre was an event that occurred on March 27, 1836, during the Texas Revolution, followed the Battle of Goliad in which 425-445 prisoners of war from the Texian Army of the Republic of Texas were killed by the Mexican Army in the town of Goliad, Texas.

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Great Depression in the United States

The Great Depression began in August 1929, when the United States economy first went into an economic recession.

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Great Lakes

The Great Lakes (les Grands-Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.

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Greg Abbott

Gregory Wayne Abbott (born November 13, 1957) is an American lawyer and politician who serves as the 48th Governor of Texas since January 2015.

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Gulf Coast of the United States

The Gulf Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Southern United States meets the Gulf of Mexico.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

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Harrisburg, Houston

Harrisburg is a community that is now (originally documented as Harrisburgh, then shortened to Harrisburg in 1892) located within the city of Houston, Texas, United States.

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Hasinai

The Hasinai Confederacy (Caddo: Hasíinay) was a large confederation of Caddo-speaking Native Americans located between the Sabine and Trinity rivers in eastern Texas.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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History of Houston

This article documents the wide-ranging history of the city of Houston, the largest city in the state of Texas and the fourth-largest in the United States.

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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History of slavery in Texas

The history of slavery in Texas, as a colonial territory, later Republic in 1836, and U.S. state in 1845, had begun slowly, as the Spanish did not rely on it for labor during their years in Spanish Texas.

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History of Texas forests

The forests in the U.S. state of Texas have been an important resource since its earliest days and have played a major role in the state's history.

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History of the Southern United States

The history of the Southern United States reaches back hundreds of years and includes the Mississippian people, well known for their mound building.

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History of vice in Texas

The history of vice in the U.S. state of Texas has been an important part of the state's past and has greatly influenced its development.

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Holocene extinction

The Holocene extinction, otherwise referred to as the Sixth extinction or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event of species during the present Holocene epoch, mainly as a result of human activity.

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Homestead exemption

The homestead exemption is a legal regime to protect the value of the homes of residents from property taxes, creditors, and circumstances that arise from the death of the homeowner spouse.

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Houma people

The Houma are a historic Native American tribe located in Louisiana on the east side of the Red River of the South.

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Houston

Houston is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, with a census-estimated 2017 population of 2.312 million within a land area of.

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Houston Ship Channel

The Houston Ship Channel, in Houston, Texas, is part of the Port of Houston, one of the US's busiest seaports.

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Hueco Tanks

Hueco Tanks is an area of low mountains in El Paso County, Texas, in the United States.

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Illinois Territory

The Territory of Illinois was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 1, 1809, until December 3, 1818, when the southern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois.

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Indentured servitude

An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee (indenturee) within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract (indenture) to work for a particular employer for a fixed time.

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Indian Territory

As general terms, Indian Territory, the Indian Territories, or Indian country describe an evolving land area set aside by the United States Government for the relocation of Native Americans who held aboriginal title to their land.

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Inez, Texas

Inez is a census-designated place (CDP), on U.S. Highway 59 fifteen miles northeast of Victoria, Texas, near the Jackson County, Texas line in Victoria County, Texas, United States.

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Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents, their multiplication, and the reaction of host tissues to the infectious agents and the toxins they produce.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

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James K. Polk

James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849) was an American politician who served as the 11th President of the United States (1845–1849).

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Jaybird–Woodpecker War

The Jaybird–Woodpecker War (1888–89) was a feud between two United States Democratic Party factions fighting for political control of Fort Bend County, Texas, in the southeast part of the state.

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Jean Gery

Jean Gery (before 1638 – 1690?) (also spelled Jean Jarry, Yan Jarri or Jean Henri) was a French explorer and a deserter from the La Salle expedition of 1685.

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Jim Crow laws

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

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Jim Hogg

James Stephen "Big Jim" Hogg (March 24, 1851March 3, 1906) was an American lawyer and statesman, and the 20th Governor of Texas.

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John Connally

John Bowden Connally Jr. (February 27, 1917June 15, 1993) was an American politician.

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John D. Rockefeller

John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate, industrialist, and philanthropist.

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John F. Kennedy

John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963), commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

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John Ireland (politician)

John Ireland (January 1, 1827March 15, 1896) was the 18th Governor of Texas from 1883 to 1887.

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José de Azlor y Virto de Vera

José de Azlor y Virto de Vera, the Marquis of San Miguel de Aguayo, was the governor of the Mexican provinces of Coahuila and Texas between 1719 and 1722.

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José de Urrea

José de Urrea (March 19, 1797 – August 1, 1849) was a Mexican general.

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Joseph Bonaparte

Joseph-Napoléon Bonaparte, born Giuseppe Buonaparte (7 January 1768 – 28 July 1844) was a French diplomat and nobleman, the elder brother of Napoleon Bonaparte, who made him King of Naples and Sicily (1806–1808, as Giuseppe I), and later King of Spain (1808–1813, as José I).

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Juneteenth

Juneteenth, also known as Juneteenth Independence Day or Freedom Day, is an American holiday that commemorates the June 19, 1865, announcement of the abolition of slavery in the U.S. state of Texas, and more generally the emancipation of enslaved African-Americans throughout the former Confederacy of the southern United States.

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Kansas

Kansas is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States.

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Karankawa people

The Karankawa (also known as Carancahuas, Carancahuases, Carancouas, Caranhouas, Caronkawa) were a Native American people concentrated in southern Texas along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.

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Karl Rove

Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) is an American Republican political consultant and policy advisor.

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Ken Paxton

Warren Kenneth Paxton Jr. (born December 23, 1962) is an American lawyer and politician who is the Attorney General of Texas since January 2015.

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Kickapoo people

The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.

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Lawrence Sullivan Ross

Lawrence Sullivan "Sul" Ross (September 27, 1838January 3, 1898) was the 19th Governor of Texas, a Confederate States Army general during the American Civil War, and a president of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, now called Texas A&M University.

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League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry

League of United Latin American Citizens v. Perry, 548 U.S. 399 (2006), is a Supreme Court of the United States case in which the Court ruled that only District 23 of the 2003 Texas redistricting violated the Voting Rights Act.

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Leanderthal Lady

Leanderthal Lady, discovered in January 1983, is the skeletal remains of a prehistoric woman found at the Wilson-Leonard Brushy Creek Site (an ancient Native American campsite) in the city of Cedar Park, Texas, by the Texas Department of Transportation.

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Lee Harvey Oswald

Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 – November 24, 1963) was a Marxist and ex-Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963.

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Lenape

The Lenape, also called the Leni Lenape, Lenni Lenape and Delaware people, are an indigenous people of the Northeastern Woodlands, who live in Canada and the United States.

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LeTourneau University

LeTourneau University (LETU) is a private, interdenominational Christian university located in Longview, Texas, United States with programs in engineering, aeronautical science, education and business.

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LGBT rights in Texas

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Texas may face legal challenges and discrimination not faced by other people.

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Liberalism in the United States

Liberalism in the United States is a broad political philosophy centered on what many see as the unalienable rights of the individual.

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Life (magazine)

Life was an American magazine that ran regularly from 1883 to 1972 and again from 1978 to 2000.

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Lily-white movement

The Lily-White Movement was an anti-civil-rights movement within the Republican Party in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Lipan Apache people

Lipan Apache are Southern Athabaskan (Apachean) Native Americans whose traditional territory included present-day Texas, New Mexico, Colorado and the northern Mexican states of Chihuahua, Nuevo León, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas prior to the 17th century.

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List of counties in Texas

The U.S. state of Texas is divided into 254 counties, more than any other U.S. state.

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List of people considered father or mother of a field

The following is a list of significant men and women known for being the father, mother, or considered the founders mostly in Western societies in a field, listed by category.

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Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant

The Lone Star Army Ammunition Plant was a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) facility 12 miles west of Texarkana, Texas that was established in 1942.

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Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant

The Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (LOW) was a government-owned, contractor-operated (GOCO) facility in Karnack, Texas that was established in 1942.

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Los Adaes

Los Adaes was the capital of Tejas on the northeastern frontier of New Spain from 1729 to 1770.

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Louis XIV of France

Louis XIV (Louis Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), known as Louis the Great (Louis le Grand) or the Sun King (Roi Soleil), was a monarch of the House of Bourbon who reigned as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Louisiana (New France)

Louisiana (La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France.

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Louisiana Purchase

The Louisiana Purchase (Vente de la Louisiane "Sale of Louisiana") was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory (828,000 square miles or 2.14 million km²) by the United States from France in 1803.

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Lubbock, Texas

Lubbock is a city in and the county seat of Lubbock County, Texas, United States.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

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Mammoth

A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.

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Martín de Alarcón

Martín de Alarcón was the Governor of Coahuila and Spanish Texas from 1705 until 1708, and again from 1716 until 1719.

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Mass in the Catholic Church

The Mass or Eucharistic Celebration is the central liturgical ritual in the Catholic Church where the Eucharist (Communion) is consecrated.

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Matagorda Bay

Matagorda Bay is a large Gulf of Mexico estuary bay on the Texas coast, lying in Calhoun and Matagorda counties and located approximately northeast of Corpus Christi, east-southeast of San Antonio, south-southwest of Houston, and south-southeast of Austin.

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Mesoamerica

Mesoamerica is an important historical region and cultural area in the Americas, extending from approximately central Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and northern Costa Rica, and within which pre-Columbian societies flourished before the Spanish colonization of the Americas in the 15th and 16th centuries.

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Mesquite

Mesquite is a common name for several plants in the genus Prosopis, which contains over 40 species of small leguminous trees.

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Mexican Texas

Mexican Texas is the historiographical name used to refer to the era of Texan history between 1821 and 1836, when it was part of Mexico.

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Mexican War of Independence

The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.

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Mexican–American War

The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Miami people

The Miami (Miami-Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages.

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Mingo

The Mingo people are an Iroquoian-speaking group of Native Americans made up of peoples who migrated west to the Ohio Country in the mid-18th century, primarily Seneca and Cayuga.

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Mirabeau B. Lamar

Mirabeau Buonaparte Lamar (August 16, 1798 – December 19, 1859), an attorney born in Georgia, became a Texas politician, poet, diplomat and soldier.

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Mission San Francisco de la Espada

Mission San Francisco de la Espada (also Mission Espada) is a Roman Rite Catholic mission established in 1690 by Spain in present-day San Antonio, Texas, in what was then known as northern New Spain.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Mississippian culture

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

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Mogollon culture

Mogollon culture is an archaeological culture of Native American peoples from Southern New Mexico and Arizona, Northern Sonora and Chihuahua, and Western Texas, a region known as Oasisamerica.

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Morrill Land-Grant Acts

The Morrill Land-Grant Acts are United States statutes that allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges in U.S. states using the proceeds of federal land sales.

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Moses Austin

Moses Austin (October 4, 1761 – June 10, 1821) was an American businessman and pioneer who played a large part in the development of the lead industry in the early United States.

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Mound

A mound is a heaped pile of earth, gravel, sand, rocks, or debris.

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Mound Builders

The various cultures collectively termed Mound Builders were inhabitants of North America who, during a 5,000-year period, constructed various styles of earthen mounds for religious, ceremonial, burial, and elite residential purposes.

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Muscogee

The Muscogee, also known as the Mvskoke, Creek and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy, are a related group of Indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands.

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NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is a civil rights organization in the United States, formed in 1909 as a bi-racial organization to advance justice for African Americans by a group, including, W. E. B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington and Moorfield Storey.

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Nacogdoches, Texas

Nacogdoches is a small city situated in East Texas and the county seat of Nacogdoches County, Texas, United States.

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Napoleon

Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

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Narváez expedition

The Narváez expedition was a Spanish journey of exploration and colonization started in 1527 that intended to establish colonial settlements and garrisons in Florida.

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Natchitoches people

The Natchitoches (Caddo: Náshit'ush) are a Native American tribe from Louisiana.

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Natchitoches, Louisiana

Natchitoches (Les Natchitoches) is a small city and the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

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National Historic Landmark

A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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New Deal

The New Deal was a series of programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States 1933-36, in response to the Great Depression.

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New France

New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New Spain

The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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Nomad

A nomad (νομάς, nomas, plural tribe) is a member of a community of people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another in search of grasslands for their animals.

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Norris Wright Cuney

Norris Wright Cuney, or simply Wright Cuney, (May 12, 1846March 3, 1898) was an American politician, businessman, union leader, and African-American activist in Texas.

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North America

North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere; it is also considered by some to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas.

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Nueces massacre

The Nueces Massacre, also known as the Massacre on the Nueces, was a violent confrontation between Confederate soldiers and German Texans on August 10, 1862, in Kinney County, Texas.

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Nueces River

The Nueces River is a river in the U.S. state of Texas, about long.

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Nueva Vizcaya

Nueva Vizcaya (Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya; Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya; Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya) is a province of the Philippines located in Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, though it is geographically and culturally part of the Cordilleras.

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Obsidian

Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock.

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Oklahoma

Oklahoma (Uukuhuúwa, Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state in the South Central region of the United States.

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Old Three Hundred

The Old Three Hundred were the 297 grantees, made up of families and some partnerships of unmarried men, who purchased 307 parcels of land from Stephen Fuller Austin and established a colony that encompassed an area that ran from the Gulf of Mexico on the south, to near present-day Jones Creek, Brazoria county Texas, Brenham in Washington County, Texas, Navasota in Grimes County, and La Grange in Fayette County.

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Overton, Texas

Overton is a city in Rusk and Smith counties in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Paleo-Indians

Paleo-Indians, Paleoindians or Paleoamericans is a classification term given to the first peoples who entered, and subsequently inhabited, the Americas during the final glacial episodes of the late Pleistocene period.

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Paul Horgan

Paul Horgan (August 1, 1903 – March 8, 1995) was an American author of fiction and non-fiction, most of which was set in the Southwestern United States.

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PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor.

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People's Party (United States)

The People's Party, also known as the Populist Party or the Populists, was an agrarian-populist political party in the United States.

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Petroleum

Petroleum is a naturally occurring, yellow-to-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface.

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Petroleum industry

The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry or the oil patch, includes the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing of petroleum products.

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Petroleum reservoir

A petroleum reservoir or oil and gas reservoir is a subsurface pool of hydrocarbons contained in porous or fractured rock formations.

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Pictogram

A pictogram, also called a pictogramme, pictograph, or simply picto, and in computer usage an icon, is an ideogram that conveys its meaning through its pictorial resemblance to a physical object.

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Plains Indians

Plains Indians, Interior Plains Indians or Indigenous people of the Great Plains and Canadian Prairies are the Native American tribes and First Nation band governments who have traditionally lived on the greater Interior Plains (i.e. the Great Plains and the Canadian Prairies) in North America.

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Poll taxes in the United States

A poll tax is a tax levied as a fixed sum on every liable individual.

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Praetorian Building

The Praetorian Building, also known as Stone Place Tower, was a 15-story, high-rise constructed in 1909 at Main Street and Stone Street in the Main Street District of downtown Dallas, Texas.

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Pre-Columbian era

The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.

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Prentice Hall

Prentice Hall is a major educational publisher owned by Pearson plc.

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President of the Republic of Texas

The President of the Republic of Texas was the head of state when Texas was an independent republic from 1836 to 1846.

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Presidio

A presidio (from the Spanish, presidio, meaning "jail" or "fortification") is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.

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Price fixing

Price fixing is an agreement between participants on the same side in a market to buy or sell a product, service, or commodity only at a fixed price, or maintain the market conditions such that the price is maintained at a given level by controlling supply and demand.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Privateer

A privateer is a private person or ship that engages in maritime warfare under a commission of war.

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Pueblo of Isleta

Pueblo of Isleta or Isleta Pueblo (Tiwa: Shiewhibak, Navajo: Naatoohó) is an unincorporated community Tanoan pueblo in Bernalillo County, New Mexico, United States, originally established around the 14th century.

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Pueblo Revolt

The Pueblo Revolt of 1680—also known as Popé's Rebellion—was an uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in the province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, present day New Mexico.

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Quorum

A quorum is the minimum number of members of a deliberative assembly (a body that uses parliamentary procedure, such as a legislature) necessary to conduct the business of that group.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Range war

A range war is a type of usually violent conflict, most commonly in the 19th and early 20th century in the American West.

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Ráfael Vásquez (general)

Rafael Vásquez (1804–1854) was a 19th-century general in the Mexican Army during the Mexican rebellion against the centralist style rule of government.

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Reconstruction era

The Reconstruction era was the period from 1863 (the Presidential Proclamation of December 8, 1863) to 1877.

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Red River Army Depot

The Red River Army Depot (RRAD) is an facility located west of Texarkana, Texas, in Bowie County.

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René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle (November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer.

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Republic of Texas

The Republic of Texas (República de Tejas) was an independent sovereign state in North America that existed from March 2, 1836, to February 19, 1846.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Rio Grande

The Rio Grande (or; Río Bravo del Norte, or simply Río Bravo) is one of the principal rivers in the southwest United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Colorado River).

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Robeline, Louisiana

Robeline is a village in western Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.

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Robert B. Hawley

Robert Bradley Hawley (October 25, 1849 – November 28, 1921) was a businessman and politician from Galveston, Texas, elected as a Republican U.S. Representative (1897–1901) from Texas's 10th congressional district.

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Robert Caro

Robert Allan Caro (born October 30, 1935) is an American journalist and author known for his biographies of United States political figures Robert Moses and Lyndon B. Johnson.

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Rocky Mountains

The Rocky Mountains, also known as the Rockies, are a major mountain range in western North America.

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Runaway Scrape

The Runaway Scrape events took place mainly between September 1835 and April 1836, and were the evacuations by Texas residents fleeing the Mexican Army of Operations during the Texas Revolution, from the Battle of the Alamo through the decisive Battle of San Jacinto.

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Sam Houston

Sam Houston (March 2, 1793July 26, 1863) was an American soldier and politician.

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San Antonio

San Antonio (Spanish for "Saint Anthony"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.

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San Antonio River

The San Antonio River is a major waterway that originates in central Texas in a cluster of springs in midtown San Antonio, about 4 miles north of downtown, and follows a roughly southeastern path through the state.

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San Saba River

The San Saba River (San Sabá) is a river in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Secretary of state

The title secretary of state or state secretary is commonly used for senior or mid-level posts in governments around the world.

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Sedentism

In cultural anthropology, sedentism (sometimes called sedentariness; compare sedentarism) is the practice of living in one place for a long time.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza

The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza is located on the sixth floor of the Dallas County Administration Building (formerly the Texas School Book Depository) in downtown Dallas, Texas, overlooking Dealey Plaza at the intersection of Elm and Houston Streets.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Smith v. Allwright

Smith v. Allwright,, was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spanish Florida

Spanish Florida refers to the Spanish territory of La Florida, which was the first major European land claim and attempted settlement in North America during the European Age of Discovery.

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Spanish missions in Texas

The Spanish Missions in Texas comprise a series of religious outposts established by Spanish Catholic Dominicans, Jesuits, and Franciscans to spread the Catholic doctrine among area Native Americans, but with the added benefit of giving Spain a toehold in the frontier land.

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Spanish Texas

Spanish Texas was one of the interior provinces of the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1690 until 1821.

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Spear-thrower

A spear-thrower or atlatl (or; ahtlatl) is a tool that uses leverage to achieve greater velocity in dart-throwing, and includes a bearing surface which allows the user to store energy during the throw.

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Spindletop

Spindletop is a salt dome oil field located in the southern portion of Beaumont, Texas in the United States.

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Standard Oil

Standard Oil Co.

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Stephen F. Austin

Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836) was an American empresario.

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Stock market crash

A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market, resulting in a significant loss of paper wealth.

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Storm surge

A storm surge, storm flood or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems (such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones), the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, as well as the timing of tides.

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Sun Belt

The Sun Belt is a region of the United States generally considered to stretch across the Southeast and Southwest.

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Supreme Court of the United States

The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.

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Tea Party movement

The Tea Party movement is an American conservative movement within the Republican Party.

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Tejano

The Tejano (Derived from "Tejas", the Hasinais indian name for "Texas", meaning "friends" or "allies") are residents of the state of Texas who are culturally descended from the original Spanish-speaking settlers of Texas and northern Mexico. They may be variously of Criollo Spanish or Mexican American origin. Historically, the Spanish term Tejano has been used to identify various groups of people. During the Spanish colonial era, the term was primarily applied to Spanish settlers of the region now known as the state of Texas (first it was part of New Spain and after 1821 it was part of Mexico). After settlers entered from the United States and gained the independence of the Republic of Texas, the term was applied to mostly Spanish-speaking Texans, Hispanicized Germans, and other Spanish-speaking residents. In practice, many members of traditionally Tejano communities often have varying degrees of fluency in Spanish with some having virtually no Spanish proficiency though still considered culturally part of the community. Since the early 20th century, Tejano has been more broadly used to identify a Texan Mexican American. It is also a term used to identify natives, as opposed to newcomers, in the areas settled. Latino people of Texas identify as Tejano if their families were living there before the area was controlled by Anglo Americans.

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Teotihuacan

Teotihuacan, (in Spanish: Teotihuacán), is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, located in the State of Mexico northeast of modern-day Mexico City, known today as the site of many of the most architecturally significant Mesoamerican pyramids built in the pre-Columbian Americas.

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Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov

Terry G. Jordan-Bychkov (1938–2003) was a professor at the Department of Geography and the Environment at University of Texas at Austin.

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Terry v. Adams

Terry v. Adams, 345 U.S. 461 (1953), was a United States Supreme Court decision that held white-only pre-primary elections to be unconstitutional.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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Texas A&M University

Texas A&M University (Texas A&M or A&M) is a coeducational public research university in College Station, Texas, United States.

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Texas A&M University Press

Texas A&M University Press (also known informally as TAMU Press) is a scholarly publishing house associated with Texas A&M University.

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Texas annexation

The Texas Annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845.

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Texas Archive War

The Texas Archive War was an 1842 dispute over an attempted move of the Republic of Texas national archives from Austin to Houston and, more broadly, over then-president Sam Houston's efforts to make Houston the capital of Texas.

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Texas Declaration of Independence

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Texas divisionism

Texas divisionism is a mainly historical movement that advocates the division of the U.S. state of Texas into as many as five states, as statutorily permitted by a provision included in the resolution admitting the former Republic of Texas into the Union in 1845.

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Texas elections, 2014

The 2014 general election was held in the U.S. state of Texas on November 4, 2014.

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Texas Eleven

The Texas Eleven were a group of Texas Senate Democrats who fled Texas for Albuquerque, New Mexico for 46 days in 2003 aimed at preventing the passage of controversial redistricting legislation that was intended to benefit Texas Republicans.

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Texas Historical Commission

The Texas Historical Commission is an agency dedicated to historic preservation within the state of Texas.

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Texas oil boom

The Texas oil boom, sometimes called the gusher age, was a period of dramatic change and economic growth in the U.S. state of Texas during the early 20th century that began with the discovery of a large petroleum reserve near Beaumont, Texas.

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Texas Panhandle

The Texas Panhandle is a region of the U.S. state of Texas consisting of the northernmost 26 counties in the state.

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Texas Revolution

The Texas Revolution (October 2, 1835 – April 21, 1836) was a rebellion of colonists from the United States and Tejanos (Texas Mexicans) in putting up armed resistance to the centralist government of Mexico.

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Texas State Historical Association

The Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) is a non-profit educational organization, dedicated to documenting the history of Texas.

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Texas Tech University

Texas Tech University, often referred to as Texas Tech, Tech, or TTU, is a public research university in Lubbock, Texas.

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Texas World War II Army Airfields

During World War II, the United States Army Air Forces established numerous airfields in Texas for training pilots and aircrews.

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Texian Army

The Texian Army, also known as the Army of Texas and the Army of the People, was a military organization consisting of volunteer and regular soldiers who fought against the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Texas Tribune

The Texas Tribune is a nonprofit media organization in Texas.

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The Wall Street Journal

The Wall Street Journal is a U.S. business-focused, English-language international daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Years of Lyndon Johnson

The Years of Lyndon Johnson is a biography of Lyndon B. Johnson by the American writer Robert Caro.

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Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson (April 13, [O.S. April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and later served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809.

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Thornton Affair

The Thornton Affair, also known as the Thornton Skirmish, Thornton's Defeat, or Rancho Carricitos was a battle in 1846 between the military forces of the United States and Mexico twenty miles west upriver from Zachary Taylor's camp along the Rio Grande.

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Timeline of Arlington, Texas

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Arlington, Texas, USA.

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Timeline of Austin, Texas

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Austin, Texas, USA.

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Timeline of Dallas

This article contains a timeline of major events in the history of Dallas, Texas (USA).

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Timeline of El Paso, Texas

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of El Paso, Texas.

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Timeline of Houston

Timeline of historical events of Houston, Texas, USA.

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Timeline of San Antonio

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of San Antonio, Texas, United States.

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Tom DeLay

Thomas Dale DeLay (born April 8, 1947) is a former member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Texas's 22nd congressional district from 1985 until 2006.

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Trans-Pecos

The Trans-Pecos, as originally defined in 1887 by the Texas geologist Robert T. Hill, is the portion of Texas that lies west of the Pecos River.

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Treaties of Velasco

The Treaties of Velasco were two documents signed at Velasco, Texas (now Surf side Beach, Texas) on May 14, 1836, between Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna of Mexico and the Republic of Texas, in the aftermath of the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836.

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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).

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Trinity River (Texas)

The Trinity River is a river in Texas, and is the longest river with a watershed entirely within the U.S. state of Texas.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States home front during World War II

The home front of the United States in World War II supported the war effort in many ways, including a wide range of volunteer efforts and submitting to government-managed rationing and price controls.

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University of Oklahoma Press

The University of Oklahoma Press (OU Press) is the publishing arm of the University of Oklahoma.

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University of Texas at Austin

The University of Texas at Austin (UT, UT Austin, or Texas) is a public research university and the flagship institution of the University of Texas System.

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University of Texas Press

The University of Texas Press (or UT Press) is a university press that is part of the University of Texas at Austin.

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Urbanization in the United States

The urbanization of the United States has progressed throughout its entire history.

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Velasco, Texas

Velasco was a town in Texas, United States, that was later annexed by the city of Freeport.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

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Walter Prescott Webb

Walter Prescott Webb (April 3, 1888 in Panola County, Texas – March 8, 1963 near Austin, Texas) was an American historian noted for his groundbreaking work on the American West.

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War of the Quadruple Alliance

The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1717–1720) was a result of the ambitions of Bourbon King Philip V of Spain, his wife, Elisabeth Farnese, and his chief minister Giulio Alberoni to retake territories in Italy lost to the Habsburgs in Vienna, and perhaps even to claim the French throne.

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Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas

Washington-on-the-Brazos is an unincorporated area along the Brazos River in Washington County, Texas, United States.

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Water conservation

Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and future human demand.

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West Columbia, Texas

West Columbia is a city in Brazoria County in the U.S. state of Texas.

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West Florida

West Florida (Florida Occidental) was a region on the north shore of the Gulf of Mexico that underwent several boundary and sovereignty changes during its history.

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West Texas

West Texas is a loosely defined part of the U.S. state of Texas, generally encompassing the arid and semiarid lands west of a line drawn between the cities of Wichita Falls, Abilene, and Del Rio.

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Western United States

The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West, the Far West, or simply the West, traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States.

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White primaries

White primaries were primary elections held in the Southern United States in which only white voters were permitted to participate.

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White supremacy

White supremacy or white supremacism is a racist ideology based upon the belief that white people are superior in many ways to people of other races and that therefore white people should be dominant over other races.

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Wichita people

The Wichita people are a confederation of Midwestern Native Americans.

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Works Progress Administration

The Works Progress Administration (WPA; renamed in 1939 as the Work Projects Administration) was the largest and most ambitious American New Deal agency, employing millions of people (mostly unskilled men) to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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Yale University Press

Yale University Press is a university press associated with Yale University.

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Ysleta del Sur Pueblo

Ysleta del Sur Pueblo (also Tigua Pueblo) is a Puebloan Native American tribal entity in the Ysleta section of El Paso, Texas.

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Zacatecas

Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Zachary Taylor

Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850) was the 12th President of the United States, serving from March 1849 until his death in July 1850.

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1824 Constitution of Mexico

The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was enacted on October 4 of 1824, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide.

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1900 Galveston hurricane

The Great Galveston Hurricane, known regionally as the Great Storm of 1900, was the deadliest natural disaster in United States history.

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1st Congress of the Republic of Texas

The First Congress of the Republic of Texas, consisting of the Senate of the Republic of Texas and House of Representatives of the Republic of Texas, met in Columbia at two separate buildings (one for each chamber) and then in Houston from October 3, 1836, to June 13, 1837, during the first year of Sam Houston's presidency.

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2003 Texas redistricting

The 2003 Texas redistricting refers to a controversial mid-decade state plan that defined new Congressional districts.

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4th millennium BC

The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 through 3001 BC.

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Redirects here:

History of texas, Prehistory of Texas, Texas Annexation 1845, Texas History, Texas history, Texas in Reconstruction, Texas, History, Texas, history of.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Texas

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