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History of the telephone

Index History of the telephone

This history of the telephone chronicles the development of the electrical telephone, and includes a brief review of its predecessors. [1]

126 relations: Acoustic telegraphy, Acoustics, Alexander Graham Bell, Alfred Vail, Alphabet, Antonio Meucci, Bell box, Bell Labs, Bell Memorial, Bell Telephone Company, Bo Leuf, Boston, Broadband, Business telephone system, Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell, Candlestick telephone, Carbon microphone, Carl Friedrich Gauss, Cause of action, Charles Bourseul, Columbia University, Common battery, Conceptual model, Crosstalk, Disruptive innovation, Douglas H. Ring, Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling, Electrical telegraph, Elisha Gray, Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy, Emile Berliner, First long-distance telephone line, First transcontinental telephone call, Four-wire circuit, Francis Ronalds, Francisco Salva Campillo, Frontier Communications of Connecticut, Göttingen, Global network, Great Western Railway, Hartford, Connecticut, Harvard University Press, History of mobile phones, History of telecommunication, History of videotelephony, Hotspot (Wi-Fi), Hungary, Impedance matching, Induction coil, Innocenzo Manzetti, ..., International Bell Telephone Company, International direct dialing, Invention of the telephone, Italian Americans, Joel S. Engel, Johann Philipp Reis, L'Illustration, Local battery, Local loop, London Paddington station, Long-distance calling, Martin Cooper (inventor), Middletown, Connecticut, Mobile phone, Model 102 telephone, Morse code, National Historic Landmark, National Park Service, Network packet, New Haven, Connecticut, Outside plant, Patent, Patent application, Patent caveat, Pavel Schilling, Plain old telephone service, Polymath, Priority right, Public switched telephone network, Push-button telephone, Reis telephone, Richard R. John, Ringer box, Robert Hooke, Rotary dial, Samuel Morse, Separate spheres, Signal, Single-wire earth return, Sound-powered telephone, South Korea, Spain, Speaking tube, Store and forward, Strowger switch, Subscription business model, Suburb, Switch, TAT-1, Telegraph key, Telegraphy, Telephone, Telephone booth, Telephone exchange, Telephone magneto, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Telephone Cases, The Times, The World's Work, Thomas A. Watson, Thomas Edison, Timeline of the telephone, Tin can telephone, Tivadar Puskás, Twisted pair, United States Department of the Interior, Virgin Media, Voice over IP, W. Rae Young, Water microphone, West Drayton, Western Electric, Western Union, Wi-Fi, Wilhelm Eduard Weber, William Fothergill Cooke. Expand index (76 more) »

Acoustic telegraphy

Acoustic telegraphy (also known as harmonic telegraphy) was a name for various methods of multiplexing (transmitting more than one) telegraph messages simultaneously over a single telegraph wire by using different audio frequencies or channels for each message.

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Acoustics

Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

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Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell (March 3, 1847 – August 2, 1922) was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with inventing and patenting the first practical telephone.

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Alfred Vail

Alfred Lewis Vail (September 25, 1807 – January 18, 1859) was an American machinist and inventor.

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Alphabet

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that is used to write one or more languages based upon the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language.

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Antonio Meucci

Antonio Santi Giuseppe Meucci (13 April 1808 – 18 October 1889) was an Italian inventor and an associate of Giuseppe Garibaldi (a major political figure in the history of Italy).

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Bell box

A bell box is an audible device, often electric, which when activated, emits a chime, bell, or buzzer sound.

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Bell Labs

Nokia Bell Labs (formerly named AT&T Bell Laboratories, Bell Telephone Laboratories and Bell Labs) is an American research and scientific development company, owned by Finnish company Nokia.

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Bell Memorial

The Bell Memorial, also known as the Bell Monument and Telephone Monument, is a memorial designed by Walter Seymour Allward to commemorate the invention of the telephone by Alexander Graham Bell at the Bell Homestead National Historic Site, in Brantford, Ontario, Canada.

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Bell Telephone Company

The Bell Telephone Company, a common law joint stock company, was organized in Boston, Massachusetts on July 9, 1877, by Alexander Graham Bell's father-in-law Gardiner Greene Hubbard, who also helped organize a sister company — the New England Telephone and Telegraph Company.

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Bo Leuf

Bo Arne Leuf (July 9, 1952 – April 24, 2009) was the author of the book The Wiki Way (2001), written in collaboration with wiki inventor Ward Cunningham.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Broadband

In telecommunications, broadband is wide bandwidth data transmission which transports multiple signals and traffic types.

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Business telephone system

A business telephone system is a multiline telephone system typically used in business environments, encompassing systems ranging from small key telephone systems to large-scale private branch exchanges.

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Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell

The first session of Canada's 37th Parliament unanimously passed a Canadian Parliamentary Motion on Alexander Graham Bell on June 21, 2002, to affirm that Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.

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Candlestick telephone

The candlestick telephone is a style of telephone that was common from the late 1890s to the 1940s.

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Carbon microphone

The carbon microphone, also known as carbon button microphone, button microphone, or carbon transmitter, is a type of microphone, a transducer that converts sound to an electrical audio signal.

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Carl Friedrich Gauss

Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss (Gauß; Carolus Fridericus Gauss; 30 April 177723 February 1855) was a German mathematician and physicist who made significant contributions to many fields, including algebra, analysis, astronomy, differential geometry, electrostatics, geodesy, geophysics, magnetic fields, matrix theory, mechanics, number theory, optics and statistics.

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Cause of action

A cause of action, in law, is a set of facts sufficient to justify a right to sue to obtain money, property, or the enforcement of a right against another party.

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Charles Bourseul

Charles Bourseul (28 April 1829 – 23 November 1912) was a pioneer in development of the "make and break" telephone about 20 years before Bell made a practical telephone.

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Columbia University

Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.

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Common battery

In telecommunication, a common battery is a single electrical power source used to energize more than one circuit, electronic component, equipment, or system.

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Conceptual model

A conceptual model is a representation of a system, made of the composition of concepts which are used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents.

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Crosstalk

In electronics, crosstalk is any phenomenon by which a signal transmitted on one circuit or channel of a transmission system creates an undesired effect in another circuit or channel.

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Disruptive innovation

In business, a Disruptive innovation is an innovation that creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.

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Douglas H. Ring

Douglas H. Ring (March 28, 1907 in Montana – September 8, 2000 in Red Bank, New Jersey) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone.

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Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling

Dual-tone multi-frequency signaling (DTMF) is an in-band telecommunication signaling system using the voice-frequency band over telephone lines between telephone equipment and other communications devices and switching centers.

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Electrical telegraph

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated telecommunication circuit or radio.

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Elisha Gray

Elisha Gray (August 2, 1835 – January 21, 1901) was an American electrical engineer who co-founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company.

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Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy

The Elisha Gray and Alexander Graham Bell controversy concerns the question of whether Gray and Bell invented the telephone independently.

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Emile Berliner

Emile Berliner (May 20, 1851 – August 3, 1929), originally Emil Berliner, was a German-born American inventor.

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First long-distance telephone line

The world's first long-distance telephone line, established in 1877, connected French Corral with Bowman Lake (previously known as French Lake) at the headwaters of the Yuba River.

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First transcontinental telephone call

A telephone call, which for marketing purposes is claimed to be the first transcontinental telephone call, occurred on Jan.

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Four-wire circuit

In telecommunication, a four-wire circuit is a two-way circuit using two paths so arranged that the respective signals are transmitted in one direction only by one path and in the other direction by the other path.

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Francis Ronalds

Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer.

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Francisco Salva Campillo

Francisco Salva Campillo (Catalan: Francesc Salvà i Campillo, July 12, 1751 – February 13, 1828) was a Spanish Catalan prominent late-Enlightenment period scientist known for working as a physician, physicist, meteorologist.

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Frontier Communications of Connecticut

Frontier Communications of Connecticut, also known as The Southern New England Telephone Company (commonly referred to as SNET by its customers), is a local exchange carrier owned by Frontier Communications.

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Göttingen

Göttingen (Low German: Chöttingen) is a university city in Lower Saxony, Germany.

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Global network

A global network is any communication network which spans the entire Earth.

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Great Western Railway

The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company that linked London with the south-west and west of England, the Midlands, and most of Wales.

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Hartford, Connecticut

Hartford is the capital of the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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Harvard University Press

Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.

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History of mobile phones

The history of mobile phones covers mobile communication devices that connect wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.

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History of telecommunication

The history of telecommunication began with the use of smoke signals and drums in Africa, the Americas and parts of Asia.

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History of videotelephony

The history of videotelephony covers the historical development of several technologies which enable the use of live video in addition to voice telecommunications.

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Hotspot (Wi-Fi)

A hotspot is a physical location where people may obtain Internet access, typically using Wi-Fi technology, via a wireless local area network (WLAN) using a router connected to an internet service provider.

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Hungary

Hungary (Magyarország) is a country in Central Europe that covers an area of in the Carpathian Basin, bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Austria to the northwest, Romania to the east, Serbia to the south, Croatia to the southwest, and Slovenia to the west.

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Impedance matching

In electronics, impedance matching is the practice of designing the input impedance of an electrical load or the output impedance of its corresponding signal source to maximize the power transfer or minimize signal reflection from the load.

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Induction coil

An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Ruhmkorff) is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.

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Innocenzo Manzetti

Innocenzo Vincenzo Bartolomeo Luigi Carlo Manzetti (17 March 1826 – 15 March 1877) was an Italian inventor born in Aosta.

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International Bell Telephone Company

The International Bell Telephone Company (IBTC) of Brussels, Belgium was created in 1879 by the Bell Telephone Company of Boston, Massachusetts, a precursor entity to AT&T, initially to sell imported telephones and switchboards in Continental Europe.

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International direct dialing

International direct dialing (IDD) or international subscriber dialling (ISD) is placing an international telephone call that is dialed directly by a telephone subscriber, rather than by an telephone operator.

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Invention of the telephone

The invention of the telephone was the culmination of work done by many individuals, and involved an array of lawsuits founded upon the patent claims of several individuals and numerous companies.

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Italian Americans

Italian Americans (italoamericani or italo-americani) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy.

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Joel S. Engel

Joel Stanley Engel (February 4, 1936) is an American engineer, known for fundamental contributions to the development of cellular network.

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Johann Philipp Reis

Johann Philipp Reis (January 7, 1834 – January 14, 1874) was a self-taught German scientist and inventor.

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L'Illustration

L'Illustration was a weekly French newspaper published in Paris from 1843 to 1944.

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Local battery

No description.

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Local loop

In telephony, the local loop (also referred to as a local tail, subscriber line, or in the aggregate as the last mile) is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the common carrier or telecommunications service provider's network.

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London Paddington station

Paddington, also known as London Paddington, is a Central London railway terminus and London Underground station complex, located on Praed Street in the Paddington area.

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Long-distance calling

In telecommunications, a long-distance call or trunk call is a telephone call made to a location outside a defined local calling area.

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Martin Cooper (inventor)

Martin "Marty" Cooper (born December 26, 1928) is an American engineer.

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Middletown, Connecticut

Middletown is a city located in Middlesex County, Connecticut, along the Connecticut River, in the central part of the state, 16 miles (26 km) south of Hartford.

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Mobile phone

A mobile phone, known as a cell phone in North America, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area.

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Model 102 telephone

The model 102 telephone was a version of Western Electric's first widely distributed telephone set that featured the transmitter and receiver in a common handset.

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Morse code

Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment.

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National Historic Landmark

A National Historic Landmark (NHL) is a building, district, object, site, or structure that is officially recognized by the United States government for its outstanding historical significance.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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Network packet

A network packet is a formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.

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New Haven, Connecticut

New Haven is a coastal city in the U.S. state of Connecticut.

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Outside plant

In telecommunication, the term outside plant has the following meanings.

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Patent

A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state or intergovernmental organization to an inventor or assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for detailed public disclosure of an invention.

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Patent application

A patent application is a request pending at a patent office for the grant of a patent for the invention described and claimed by that application.

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Patent caveat

A patent caveat, often shortened to caveat, was a legal document filed with the United States Patent Office.

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Pavel Schilling

Baron Pavel L'vovitch Schilling, also known as Paul Schilling (5 April 1786, Reval (now, Tallinn), Russian empire – St. Petersburg, Russia, 25 July 1837), was a diplomat of Baltic German origin employed in the service of Russia in Germany, and who built a pioneering electrical telegraph.

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Plain old telephone service

Plain old telephone service or plain ordinary telephone service (POTS) is a retronym for voice-grade telephone service employing analog signal transmission over copper loops.

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Polymath

A polymath (πολυμαθής,, "having learned much,"The term was first recorded in written English in the early seventeenth century Latin: uomo universalis, "universal man") is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas—such a person is known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Priority right

In patent, industrial design rights and trademark laws, a priority right or right of priority is a time-limited right, triggered by the first filing of an application for a patent, an industrial design or a trademark respectively.

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Public switched telephone network

The public switched telephone network (PSTN) is the aggregate of the world's circuit-switched telephone networks that are operated by national, regional, or local telephony operators, providing infrastructure and services for public telecommunication.

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Push-button telephone

The push-button telephone is a telephone that has buttons or keys for dialing a telephone number, in contrast to having a rotary dial as in earlier telephone instruments.

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Reis telephone

The Reis telephone was an invention named after Philipp Reis of a telephonelike device he constructed.

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Richard R. John

Richard R. John, Jr. (born 1959) is an American historian who specializes in the history of business, technology, communications, and the state.

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Ringer box

A ringer box is a telephone signaling device, similar to a bell box.

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Robert Hooke

Robert Hooke FRS (– 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.

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Rotary dial

A rotary dial is a component of a telephone or a telephone switchboard that implements a signaling technology in telecommunications known as pulse dialing.

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Samuel Morse

Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer of the Morse code and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.

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Separate spheres

Terms such as separate spheres and domestic–public dichotomy refer to a social phenomenon, within modern societies that feature, to some degree, an empirical separation between a domestic or private sphere and a public or social sphere.

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Signal

A signal as referred to in communication systems, signal processing, and electrical engineering is a function that "conveys information about the behavior or attributes of some phenomenon".

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Single-wire earth return

Single-wire earth return (SWER) or single-wire ground return is a single-wire transmission line which supplies single-phase electric power from an electrical grid to remote areas at low cost.

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Sound-powered telephone

A sound-powered telephone is a communication device that allows users to talk to each other with the use of a handset, similar to a conventional telephone, but without the use of external power.

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Speaking tube

A speaking tube or voicepipe is a device based on two cones connected by an air pipe through which speech can be transmitted over an extended distance.

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Store and forward

Store and forward is a telecommunications technique in which information is sent to an intermediate station where it is kept and sent at a later time to the final destination or to another intermediate station.

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Strowger switch

The Strowger switch is the first commercially successful electromechanical stepping switch telephone exchange system.

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Subscription business model

The subscription business model is a business model where a customer must pay a subscription price to have access to a product or service.

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Suburb

A suburb is a mixed-use or residential area, existing either as part of a city or urban area or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city.

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Switch

In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can "make" or "break" an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.

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TAT-1

TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first submarine transatlantic telephone cable system.

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Telegraph key

A telegraph key is a switching device used primarily to send Morse code.

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Telegraphy

Telegraphy (from Greek: τῆλε têle, "at a distance" and γράφειν gráphein, "to write") is the long-distance transmission of textual or symbolic (as opposed to verbal or audio) messages without the physical exchange of an object bearing the message.

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Telephone

A telephone, or phone, is a telecommunications device that permits two or more users to conduct a conversation when they are too far apart to be heard directly.

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Telephone booth

A telephone booth, telephone kiosk, telephone call box, telephone box or public call box is a small structure furnished with a payphone and designed for a telephone user's convenience.

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Telephone exchange

A telephone exchange is a telecommunications system used in the public switched telephone network or in large enterprises.

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Telephone magneto

A telephone magneto is a hand-cranked electrical generator that uses permanent magnets to produce alternating current from the rotating armature.

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The Sydney Morning Herald

The Sydney Morning Herald (SMH) is a daily compact newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia.

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The Telephone Cases

The Telephone Cases were a series of U.S. court cases in the 1870s and 1880s related to the invention of the telephone, which culminated in the 1888 decision of the United States Supreme Court upholding the priority of the patents belonging to Alexander Graham Bell.

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The Times

The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.

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The World's Work

The World's Work (1900–1932) was a monthly magazine that covered national affairs from a pro-business point of view.

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Thomas A. Watson

Thomas A Augustus Watson (January 18, 1854 – December 13, 1934) was an assistant to Alexander Graham Bell, notably in the invention of the telephone in 1876.

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Thomas Edison

Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman, who has been described as America's greatest inventor.

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Timeline of the telephone

This timeline of the telephone covers landline, radio, and cellular telephony technologies and provides many important dates in the history of the telephone.

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Tin can telephone

A tin can telephone is a type of acoustic (non-electrical) speech-transmitting device made up of two tin cans, paper cups or similarly shaped items attached to either end of a taut string or wire.

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Tivadar Puskás

Tivadar Puskás de Ditró (English: Theodore Puskás b. 17 September 1844, Pest – d. 16 March 1893, Budapest) was a Hungarian inventor, telephone pioneer, and inventor of the telephone exchange.

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Twisted pair

Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors of a single circuit are twisted together for the purposes of improving electromagnetic compatibility.

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United States Department of the Interior

The United States Department of the Interior (DOI) is the United States federal executive department of the U.S. government responsible for the management and conservation of most federal lands and natural resources, and the administration of programs relating to Native Americans, Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians, territorial affairs, and insular areas of the United States.

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Virgin Media

Virgin Media Limited is a British company which provides telephone, television and internet services in the United Kingdom.

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Voice over IP

Voice over Internet Protocol (also voice over IP, VoIP or IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet.

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W. Rae Young

William Rae Young, Jr. (October 30, 1915 – March 7, 2008) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone.

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Water microphone

A water microphone or water transmitter is based on Ohm's law that current in a wire varies inversely with the resistance of the circuit.

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West Drayton

West Drayton is a suburban town in the London Borough of Hillingdon, England with a station on the Great Western main line from London Paddington.

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Western Electric

Western Electric Company (WE, WECo) was an American electrical engineering and manufacturing company that served as the primary supplier to AT&T from 1881 to 1996.

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Western Union

The Western Union Company is an American financial services and communications company.

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Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi or WiFi is technology for radio wireless local area networking of devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standards.

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Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Wilhelm Eduard Weber (24 October 1804 – 23 June 1891) was a German physicist and, together with Carl Friedrich Gauss, inventor of the first electromagnetic telegraph.

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William Fothergill Cooke

Sir William Fothergill Cooke (4 May 1806 – 25 June 1879) was an English inventor.

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Redirects here:

Early telephone, History of phone, History of telephone, Old telephones, The history of the telephone.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telephone

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