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53 relations: Allele, Autosome, Barbara McClintock, Birth defect, Bivalent (genetics), Cancer, Centromere, Chiasma (genetics), Chromatid, Chromatin, Chromosomal crossover, Chromosome, Cohesin, Developmental biology, DNA, DNA damage (naturally occurring), DNA repair, DNA replication, Drosophila, Gene, Genetic recombination, Genetic variation, Genome, Germ cell, Harriet Creighton, Heredity, Histone, Homologous recombination, Human, Infertility, Kinetochore, Locus (genetics), Meiosis, Mendelian inheritance, Monosomy, Natural selection, Nondisjunction, Organism, Ploidy, Reactive oxygen species, Reginald Punnett, Separase, Sister chromatids, Spindle apparatus, Synapsis, Synaptonemal complex, Synthesis-dependent strand annealing, Test cross, Thomas Hunt Morgan, Trisomy, ..., William Bateson, X chromosome, Y chromosome. Expand index (3 more) »
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Autosome
An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome).
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Barbara McClintock
Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
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Birth defect
A birth defect, also known as a congenital disorder, is a condition present at birth regardless of its cause.
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Bivalent (genetics)
A bivalent, sometimes referred to as a tetrad, is the association of a pair of homologous chromosomes physically held together by at least one DNA crossover.
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Cancer
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.
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Centromere
The centromere is the specialized DNA sequence of a chromosome that links a pair of sister chromatids (a dyad).
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Chiasma (genetics)
In genetics, a chiasma (pl. chiasmata) is the point of contact, the physical link, between two (non-sister) chromatids belonging to homologous chromosomes.
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Chromatid
A chromatid (Greek khrōmat- 'color' + -id) is one copy of a newly copied chromosome which is still joined to the original chromosome by a single centromere.
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Chromatin
Chromatin is a complex of macromolecules found in cells, consisting of DNA, protein, and RNA.
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Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Cohesin
Cohesin is a protein complex that regulates the separation of sister chromatids during cell division, either mitosis or meiosis.
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Developmental biology
Developmental biology is the study of the process by which animals and plants grow and develop.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is distinctly different from mutation, although both are types of error in DNA.
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DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome.
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DNA replication
In molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule.
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Drosophila
Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genetic variation
Genetic variation means that biological systems – individuals and populations – are different over space.
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Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is the genetic material of an organism.
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Germ cell
A germ cell is any biological cell that gives rise to the gametes of an organism that reproduces sexually.
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Harriet Creighton
Harriet Baldwin Creighton (27 June 1909 – January 9, 2004) was an American botanist, geneticist and educator.
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Heredity
Heredity is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring, either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic information of their parents.
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Histone
In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.
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Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA.
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Human
Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Kinetochore
A kinetochore is a disc-shaped protein structure, found at the centromere of a chromatid, to which microtubules attach during cell division.
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Locus (genetics)
A locus (plural loci) in genetics is a fixed position on a chromosome, like the position of a gene or a marker (genetic marker).
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Mendelian inheritance
Mendelian inheritance is a type of biological inheritance that follows the laws originally proposed by Gregor Mendel in 1865 and 1866 and re-discovered in 1900.
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Monosomy
Monosomy is a form of aneuploidy with the presence of only one chromosome from a pair.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Reginald Punnett
Reginald Crundall Punnett FRS (20 June 1875 – 3 January 1967) was a British geneticist who co-founded, with William Bateson, the Journal of Genetics in 1910.
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Separase
Separase, also known as separin, is a cysteine protease responsible for triggering anaphase by hydrolysing cohesin, which is the protein responsible for binding sister chromatids during the early stage of anaphase.
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Sister chromatids
A sister chromatid refers to the identical copies (chromatids) formed by the replication of a chromosome, with both copies joined together by a common centromere.
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Spindle apparatus
In cell biology, the spindle apparatus (or mitotic spindle) refers to the cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
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Synapsis
Synapsis (also called syndesis) is the pairing of two homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.
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Synaptonemal complex
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes (two pairs of sister chromatids) during meiosis and is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination.
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Synthesis-dependent strand annealing
In genetics, the initial processes involved in repair of a double-strand break by synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA) are identical to those in the double Holliday junction model, and have been most extensively studied in yeast species Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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Test cross
In genetics, a test cross, first introduced by Gregor Mendel, involves the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual, in order to determine the zygosity of the former by analyzing proportions of offspring phenotypes.
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
Thomas Hunt Morgan (September 25, 1866 – December 4, 1945) was an American evolutionary biologist, geneticist, embryologist, and science author who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role that the chromosome plays in heredity.
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Trisomy
A trisomy is a type of polysomy in which there are three instances of a particular chromosome, instead of the normal two.
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William Bateson
William Bateson (8 August 1861 – 8 February 1926) was an English biologist who was the first person to use the term genetics to describe the study of heredity, and the chief populariser of the ideas of Gregor Mendel following their rediscovery in 1900 by Hugo de Vries and Carl Correns.
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X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.
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Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.
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Redirects here:
Homologous Chromosomes, Homologous chromosomes, Homologs.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homologous_chromosome
