Table of Contents
823 relations: Abiogenesis, Abstraction, Accelerating change, Achaemenid Empire, Adaptation, Adipose tissue, Adolescence, Adoption, Adult, Aesthetics, Affect (psychology), Affinity (law), Africa, Afterlife, Age of Discovery, Age of Enlightenment, Age of Revolution, Agriculture, Air conditioning, Airplane, Albinism, Allen's rule, Alliance, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Institute of Biological Sciences, American Psychological Association, Americas, Ancestor, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Rome, Andean civilizations, Anger, Animal communication, Anorexia (symptom), Antarctic realm, Antarctica, Anthropology, Anxiety, Aorta, Ape, Apex predator, Appendix (anatomy), Applied science, Arable land, Archaic humans, Architecture, Arctic, Aristotle, Art, ... Expand index (773 more) »
- Cosmopolitan mammals
- Hominini
- Humans
- Tool-using mammals
Abiogenesis
Abiogenesis is the natural process by which life arises from non-living matter, such as simple organic compounds.
Abstraction
Abstraction is a process wherein general rules and concepts are derived from the usage and classification of specific examples, literal (real or concrete) signifiers, first principles, or other methods.
Accelerating change
In futures studies and the history of technology, accelerating change is the observed exponential nature of the rate of technological change in recent history, which may suggest faster and more profound change in the future and may or may not be accompanied by equally profound social and cultural change.
See Human and Accelerating change
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Human and Achaemenid Empire
Adaptation
In biology, adaptation has three related meanings.
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissue (also known as body fat or simply fat) is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.
Adolescence
Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to adulthood (typically corresponding to the age of majority).
Adoption
Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents.
Adult
An adult is a human or other animal that has reached full growth.
See Human and Adult
Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.
Affect (psychology)
Affect, in psychology, is the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood.
See Human and Affect (psychology)
Affinity (law)
In law and in cultural anthropology, affinity is the kinship relationship created or that exists between two people as a result of someone's marriage.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
See Human and Africa
Afterlife
The afterlife or life after death is a purported existence in which the essential part of an individual's stream of consciousness or identity continues to exist after the death of their physical body.
Age of Discovery
The Age of Discovery, also known as the Age of Exploration, was part of the early modern period and largely overlapping with the Age of Sail.
See Human and Age of Discovery
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment (also the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment) was the intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe in the 17th and the 18th centuries.
See Human and Age of Enlightenment
Age of Revolution
The Age of Revolution is a period from the late-18th to the mid-19th centuries during which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe and the Americas.
See Human and Age of Revolution
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
Air conditioning
Air conditioning, often abbreviated as A/C (US) or air con (UK), is the process of removing heat from an enclosed space to achieve a more comfortable interior temperature (sometimes referred to as 'comfort cooling') and in some cases also strictly controlling the humidity of internal air.
See Human and Air conditioning
Airplane
An airplane (North American English) or aeroplane (Commonwealth English), informally plane, is a fixed-wing aircraft that is propelled forward by thrust from a jet engine, propeller, or rocket engine.
Albinism
Albinism is the congenital absence of melanin in an animal or plant resulting in white hair, feathers, scales and skin and reddish pink or blue eyes.
Allen's rule
Allen's rule is an ecogeographical rule formulated by Joel Asaph Allen in 1877, broadly stating that animals adapted to cold climates have shorter and thicker limbs and bodily appendages than animals adapted to warm climates.
Alliance
An alliance is a relationship among people, groups, or states that have joined together for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not an explicit agreement has been worked out among them.
American Association for the Advancement of Science
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated mission of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.
See Human and American Association for the Advancement of Science
American Institute of Biological Sciences
The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a nonprofit scientific public charitable organization.
See Human and American Institute of Biological Sciences
American Psychological Association
The American Psychological Association (APA) is the main professional organization of psychologists in the United States, and the largest psychological association in the world.
See Human and American Psychological Association
Americas
The Americas, sometimes collectively called America, are a landmass comprising the totality of North America and South America.
Ancestor
An ancestor, also known as a forefather, fore-elder, or a forebear, is a parent or (recursively) the parent of an antecedent (i.e., a grandparent, great-grandparent, great-great-grandparent and so forth).
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Andean civilizations
The Andean civilizations were South American complex societies of many indigenous people.
See Human and Andean civilizations
Anger
Anger, also known as wrath or rage, is an intense emotional state involving a strong uncomfortable and non-cooperative response to a perceived provocation, hurt, or threat.
See Human and Anger
Animal communication
Animal communication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers) that affects the current or future behavior of the receivers.
See Human and Animal communication
Anorexia (symptom)
Anorexia is a medical term for a loss of appetite.
See Human and Anorexia (symptom)
Antarctic realm
The Antarctic realm is one of eight terrestrial biogeographic realms.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. Human and Anthropology are humans.
Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion which is characterised by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil and includes feelings of dread over anticipated events.
Aorta
The aorta (aortas or aortae) is the main and largest artery in the human body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart, branching upwards immediately after, and extending down to the abdomen, where it splits at the aortic bifurcation into two smaller arteries (the common iliac arteries).
See Human and Aorta
Ape
Apes (collectively Hominoidea) are a clade of Old World simians native to sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia (though they were more widespread in Africa, most of Asia, and Europe in prehistory), which together with its sister group Cercopithecidae form the catarrhine clade, cladistically making them monkeys.
See Human and Ape
Apex predator
An apex predator, also known as a top predator or superpredator, is a predator at the top of a food chain, without natural predators of its own. Human and apex predator are apex predators.
Appendix (anatomy)
The appendix (appendices or appendixes; also vermiform appendix; cecal (or caecal, cæcal) appendix; vermix; or vermiform process) is a finger-like, blind-ended tube connected to the cecum, from which it develops in the embryo.
See Human and Appendix (anatomy)
Applied science
Applied science is the application of the scientific method and scientific knowledge to attain practical goals.
Arable land
Arable land (from the arabilis, "able to be ploughed") is any land capable of being ploughed and used to grow crops.
Archaic humans
Archaic humans is a broad category denoting all species of the genus Homo that are not Homo sapiens (which are known as modern humans).
Architecture
Architecture is the art and technique of designing and building, as distinguished from the skills associated with construction.
Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
See Human and Arctic
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs; 384–322 BC) was an Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath.
Art
Art is a diverse range of human activity and its resulting product that involves creative or imaginative talent generally expressive of technical proficiency, beauty, emotional power, or conceptual ideas.
See Human and Art
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.
See Human and Artificial intelligence
Artistic inspiration
Inspiration (from the Latin inspirare, meaning "to breathe into") is an unconscious burst of creativity in a literary, musical, or visual art and other artistic endeavours.
See Human and Artistic inspiration
Assembly line
An assembly line is a manufacturing process (often called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced.
Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) includes medical procedures used primarily to address infertility.
See Human and Assisted reproductive technology
Astronomical object
An astronomical object, celestial object, stellar object or heavenly body is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists within the observable universe.
See Human and Astronomical object
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.
Atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people to the Americas.
See Human and Atlantic slave trade
Attachment theory
An attachment theory is a psychological and evolutionary theory concerning relationships between humans.
See Human and Attachment theory
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Australopithecine
The australopithecines, formally Australopithecina or Hominina, are generally any species in the related genera of Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Human and australopithecine are hominini.
See Human and Australopithecine
Australopithecus
Australopithecus is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the Pliocene and Early Pleistocene.
See Human and Australopithecus
Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political status quo, and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
See Human and Authoritarianism
Autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system (ANS), sometimes called the visceral nervous system and formerly the vegetative nervous system, is a division of the nervous system that operates internal organs, smooth muscle and glands.
See Human and Autonomic nervous system
Autosome
An autosome is any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome.
Awareness
In philosophy and psychology, awareness is a perception or knowledge of something.
Axiology
Axiology (from Greek ἀξία, axia: "value, worth"; and -λογία, -logia: "study of") is the philosophical study of value.
Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
See Human and Aztecs
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Balance of power (international relations)
The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others.
See Human and Balance of power (international relations)
Band society
A band society, sometimes called a camp, or in older usage, a horde, is the simplest form of human society.
Bangalore
Bangalore, officially Bengaluru (ISO: Beṁgaḷūru), is the capital and largest city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka.
Bangkok
Bangkok, officially known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon and colloquially as Krung Thep, is the capital and most populous city of Thailand.
Banknote
A banknotealso called a bill (North American English), paper money, or simply a noteis a type of negotiable promissory note, made by a bank or other licensed authority, payable to the bearer on demand.
Barter
In trade, barter (derived from baretor) is a system of exchange in which participants in a transaction directly exchange goods or services for other goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money.
See Human and Barter
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Human and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.
Behavioral modernity
Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits believed to distinguish current Homo sapiens from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates.
See Human and Behavioral modernity
Beijing
Beijing, previously romanized as Peking, is the capital of China.
Belief
A belief is a subjective attitude that a proposition is true or a state of affairs is the case.
See Human and Belief
Bengali language
Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language from the Indo-European language family native to the Bengal region of South Asia.
See Human and Bengali language
Billion
Billion is a word for a large number, and it has two distinct definitions.
Biogeographic realm
A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.
See Human and Biogeographic realm
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
Biology and sexual orientation
The relationship between biology and sexual orientation is a subject of on-going research.
See Human and Biology and sexual orientation
Biomass (ecology)
Biomass is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or ecosystem at a given time.
See Human and Biomass (ecology)
Bipedalism
Bipedalism is a form of terrestrial locomotion where an animal moves by means of its two rear (or lower) limbs or legs.
Black Death
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic occurring in Europe from 1346 to 1353.
Black hair
Black hair is the darkest and most common of all human hair colors globally, due to large populations with this trait.
Blond
Blond or blonde, also referred to as fair hair, is a human hair color characterized by low levels of eumelanin, the dark pigment.
See Human and Blond
Blood type
A blood type (also known as a blood group) is a classification of blood, based on the presence and absence of antibodies and inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).
Body plan
A body plan, Bauplan, or ground plan is a set of morphological features common to many members of a phylum of animals.
Body shape
Human body shape is a complex phenomenon with sophisticated detail and function.
Bogotá
Bogotá (also), officially Bogotá, Distrito Capital, abbreviated Bogotá, D.C., and formerly known as Santa Fe de Bogotá during the Spanish Colonial period and between 1991 and 2000, is the capital and largest city of Colombia, and one of the largest cities in the world.
See Human and Bogotá
Bonobo
The bonobo (Pan paniscus), also historically called the pygmy chimpanzee (less often the dwarf chimpanzee or gracile chimpanzee), is an endangered great ape and one of the two species making up the genus Pan (the other being the common chimpanzee, Pan troglodytes). Human and bonobo are tool-using mammals.
See Human and Bonobo
Bornean orangutan
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is a species of orangutan endemic to the island of Borneo.
See Human and Bornean orangutan
Braille
Braille is a tactile writing system used by people who are visually impaired.
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
See Human and Brain
Brazil
Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest and easternmost country in South America and Latin America.
See Human and Brazil
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates, and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.
Brown hair
Brown hair, also referred to as brunette (when female) or brunet (when male), is the second-most common human hair color, after black hair.
Bubonic plague
Bubonic plague is one of three types of plague caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires, officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, is the capital and primate city of Argentina.
Caesarean section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section, cesarean, or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen.
See Human and Caesarean section
Cairo
Cairo (al-Qāhirah) is the capital of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, and is the country's largest city, being home to more than 10 million people.
See Human and Cairo
Calorie
The calorie is a unit of energy that originated from the caloric theory of heat.
Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dogteeth, eye teeth, vampire teeth, or vampire fangs, are the relatively long, pointed teeth.
Car
A car, or an automobile, is a motor vehicle with wheels.
See Human and Car
Caral–Supe civilization
Caral–Supe (also known as Caral and Norte Chico) was a complex Pre-Columbian era society that included as many as thirty major population centers in what is now the Caral region of north-central coastal Peru.
See Human and Caral–Supe civilization
Cardiac output
In cardiac physiology, cardiac output (CO), also known as heart output and often denoted by the symbols Q, \dot Q, or \dot Q_, edited by Catherine E. Williamson, Phillip Bennett is the volumetric flow rate of the heart's pumping output: that is, the volume of blood being pumped by a single ventricle of the heart, per unit time (usually measured per minute).
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire, also known as Ivory Coast and officially known as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.
Cengage Group
Cengage Group is an American educational content, technology, and services company for higher education, K–12, professional, and library markets.
Centenarian
A centenarian is a person who has reached the age of 100 years.
Central African Republic
The Central African Republic (CAR), formerly known as Ubangi-Shari, is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
See Human and Central African Republic
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Human and Central Intelligence Agency
Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting primarily of the brain and spinal cord.
See Human and Central nervous system
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
Chemistry
Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter.
Chennai
Chennai (IAST), formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost state of India.
Chibanian
The Chibanian, more widely known as Middle Pleistocene (its previous informal name), is an age in the international geologic timescale or a stage in chronostratigraphy, being a division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period.
Child
A child is a human being between the stages of birth and puberty, or between the developmental period of infancy and puberty.
See Human and Child
Childbirth
Childbirth, also known as labour, parturition and delivery, is the completion of pregnancy where one or more babies exits the internal environment of the mother via vaginal delivery or caesarean section.
Chimpanzee
The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also simply known as the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forests and savannahs of tropical Africa. Human and chimpanzee are tool-using mammals.
Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
The chimpanzee–human last common ancestor (CHLCA) is the last common ancestor shared by the extant Homo (human) and Pan (chimpanzee and bonobo) genera of Hominini. Human and chimpanzee–human last common ancestor are hominini.
See Human and Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
Chongqing
Chongqing is a municipality in Southwestern China.
Christendom
Christendom refers to Christian states, Christian-majority countries or countries in which Christianity is dominant or prevails.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Chromosome
A chromosome is a package of DNA with part or all of the genetic material of an organism.
Chromosome 2
Chromosome 2 is one of the twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in humans.
City-state
A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory.
Civilization
A civilization (civilisation) is any complex society characterized by the development of the state, social stratification, urbanization, and symbolic systems of communication beyond signed or spoken languages (namely, writing systems and graphic arts).
Clarice Weinberg
Clarice Ring Weinberg is an American biostatistician and epidemiologist who works for the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences as principal investigator in the Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch.
See Human and Clarice Weinberg
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
See Human and Classical antiquity
Climate change
In common usage, climate change describes global warming—the ongoing increase in global average temperature—and its effects on Earth's climate system.
Climate variability and change
Climate variability includes all the variations in the climate that last longer than individual weather events, whereas the term climate change only refers to those variations that persist for a longer period of time, typically decades or more.
See Human and Climate variability and change
Cline (biology)
In biology, a cline is a measurable gradient in a single characteristic (or biological trait) of a species across its geographical range.
Clothing
Clothing (also known as clothes, garments, dress, apparel, or attire) is any item worn on the body.
CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.
See Human and CNN
Cognition
Cognition is the "mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
Cognitive flexibility
Cognitive flexibility is an intrinsic property of a cognitive system often associated with the mental ability to adjust its activity and content, switch between different task rules and corresponding behavioral responses, maintain multiple concepts simultaneously and shift internal attention between them.
See Human and Cognitive flexibility
Cognitive psychology
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as attention, language use, memory, perception, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.
See Human and Cognitive psychology
Coin
A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender.
See Human and Coin
Cold War
The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.
Colonialism
Colonialism is the pursuing, establishing and maintaining of control and exploitation of people and of resources by a foreign group.
Columbian exchange
The Columbian exchange, also known as the Columbian interchange, was the widespread transfer of plants, animals, precious metals, commodities, culture, human populations, technology, diseases, and ideas between the New World (the Americas) in the Western Hemisphere, and the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) in the Eastern Hemisphere, in the late 15th and following centuries.
See Human and Columbian exchange
Combined oral contraceptive pill
The combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), often referred to as the birth control pill or colloquially as "the pill", is a type of birth control that is designed to be taken orally by women.
See Human and Combined oral contraceptive pill
Commodity money
Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity of which it is made.
Compass
A compass is a device that shows the cardinal directions used for navigation and geographic orientation.
Computer
A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).
Consanguinity
Consanguinity (from Latin consanguinitas 'blood relationship') is the characteristic of having a kinship with a relative who is descended from a common ancestor.
Contentment
Contentment is a state of being in which one is satisfied with their current life situation, and the state of affairs in one’s life as they presently are.
Control of fire by early humans
The control of fire by early humans was a critical technology enabling the evolution of humans.
See Human and Control of fire by early humans
Cooking
Cooking, also known as cookery or professionally as the culinary arts, is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe.
Corporation
A corporation is an organization—usually a group of people or a company—authorized by the state to act as a single entity (a legal entity recognized by private and public law as "born out of statute"; a legal person in a legal context) and recognized as such in law for certain purposes.
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a cosmopolitan distribution is the range of a taxon that extends across most or all of the surface of the Earth, in appropriate habitats; most cosmopolitan species are known to be highly adaptable to a range of climatic and environmental conditions, though this is not always so.
See Human and Cosmopolitan distribution
Cowrie
Cowrie or cowry is the common name for a group of small to large sea snails in the family Cypraeidae.
See Human and Cowrie
Cradle of civilization
A cradle of civilization is a location and a culture where civilization was developed independent of other civilizations in other locations.
See Human and Cradle of civilization
Creativity
Creativity is the ability to form novel and valuable ideas or works using the imagination.
Crime
In ordinary language, a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority.
See Human and Crime
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
Culinary arts
Culinary arts are the cuisine arts of food preparation, cooking, and presentation of food, usually in the form of meals.
Cultural universal
A cultural universal (also called an anthropological universal or human universal) is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all known human cultures worldwide.
See Human and Cultural universal
Culture
Culture is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the individuals in these groups.
Cuneiform
Cuneiform is a logo-syllabic writing system that was used to write several languages of the Ancient Near East.
Curiosity
Curiosity (from Latin cūriōsitās, from cūriōsus "careful, diligent, curious", akin to cura "care") is a quality related to inquisitive thinking such as exploration, investigation, and learning, evident in humans and other animals.
Current Biology
Current Biology is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers all areas of biology, especially molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, neurobiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology.
Dairy farming
Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for the long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for the eventual sale of a dairy product.
Dance
Dance is an art form, often classified as a sport, consisting of sequences of body movements with aesthetic and often symbolic value, either improvised or purposefully selected.
See Human and Dance
Dark skin
Dark skin is a type of human skin color that is rich in melanin pigments.
De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
Death
Death is the end of life; the irreversible cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
See Human and Death
Deep sea
The deep sea is broadly defined as the ocean depth where light begins to fade, at an approximate depth of or the point of transition from continental shelves to continental slopes.
Definition of religion
The definition of religion is a controversial and complicated subject in religious studies with scholars failing to agree on any one definition.
See Human and Definition of religion
Deforestation
Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.
Deism
Deism (or; derived from the Latin term deus, meaning "god") is the philosophical position and rationalistic theology that generally rejects revelation as a source of divine knowledge and asserts that empirical reason and observation of the natural world are exclusively logical, reliable, and sufficient to determine the existence of a Supreme Being as the creator of the universe.
See Human and Deism
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Rājadhānī Kṣētra Dillī), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.
See Human and Delhi
Democracy
Democracy (from dēmokratía, dēmos 'people' and kratos 'rule') is a system of government in which state power is vested in the people or the general population of a state.
Denisovan
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human that ranged across Asia during the Lower and Middle Paleolithic, and lived, based on current evidence, from 285 to 25 thousand years ago.
Dentition
Dentition pertains to the development of teeth and their arrangement in the mouth.
Dependent clause
A dependent clause, also known as a subordinate clause, subclause or embedded clause, is a certain type of clause that juxtaposes an independent clause within a complex sentence.
See Human and Dependent clause
Depression (mood)
Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.
See Human and Depression (mood)
Desert
A desert is a landscape where little precipitation occurs and, consequently, living conditions create unique biomes and ecosystems.
See Human and Desert
Desertification
Desertification is a type of gradual land degradation of fertile land into arid desert due to a combination of natural processes and human activities.
Developed country
A developed country, or advanced country, is a sovereign state that has a high quality of life, developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure relative to other less industrialized nations.
See Human and Developed country
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Human and Developing country
Development of the human body
Development of the human body is the process of growth to maturity.
See Human and Development of the human body
Developmental psychology
Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why humans grow, change, and adapt across the course of their lives.
See Human and Developmental psychology
Dhaka
Dhaka (or; Ḍhākā), formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and largest city of Bangladesh.
See Human and Dhaka
Dictionary.com
Dictionary.com is an online dictionary whose domain was first registered on May 14, 1995.
Diet (nutrition)
In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.
See Human and Diet (nutrition)
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma.
Digital currency
Digital currency (digital money, electronic money or electronic currency) is any currency, money, or money-like asset that is primarily managed, stored or exchanged on digital computer systems, especially over the internet.
See Human and Digital currency
Directional selection
In population genetics, directional selection is a type of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is favored over both the other extreme and moderate phenotypes.
See Human and Directional selection
Disease
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that adversely affects the structure or function of all or part of an organism and is not immediately due to any external injury.
Disease burden
Disease burden is the impact of a health problem as measured by financial cost, mortality, morbidity, or other indicators.
Displacement (linguistics)
In linguistics, displacement is the capability of language to communicate about things that are not immediately present (spatially or temporally); i.e., things that are either not here or are not here now.
See Human and Displacement (linguistics)
Disposition
A disposition is a quality of character, a habit, a preparation, a state of readiness, or a tendency to act in a specified way.
Distribution (mathematics)
Distributions, also known as Schwartz distributions or generalized functions, are objects that generalize the classical notion of functions in mathematical analysis.
See Human and Distribution (mathematics)
Diurnality
Diurnality is a form of plant and animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night.
Divinity
Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See Human and DNA
Domestication
Domestication is a multi-generational mutualistic relationship in which an animal species, such as humans or leafcutter ants, takes over control and care of another species, such as sheep or fungi, to obtain from them a steady supply of resources, such as meat, milk, or labor.
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.
Drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or television.
See Human and Drama
Duty
A duty (from "due" meaning "that which is owing"; deu, did, past participle of devoir; debere, debitum, whence "debt") is a commitment or expectation to perform some action in general or if certain circumstances arise.
See Human and Duty
Early modern human
Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species. Human and Early modern human are humans, mammals described in 1758 and tool-using mammals.
See Human and Early modern human
Early modern period
The early modern period is a historical period that is part of the modern period based primarily on the history of Europe and the broader concept of modernity.
See Human and Early modern period
Earth
Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.
See Human and Earth
Easter Island
Easter Island (Isla de Pascua; Rapa Nui) is an island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean, at the southeasternmost point of the Polynesian Triangle in Oceania.
Eastern gorilla
The eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei) is a critically endangered species of the genus Gorilla and the largest living primate.
Economic inequality
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
See Human and Economic inequality
Economist Intelligence Unit
The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) is the research and analysis division of the Economist Group, providing forecasting and advisory services through research and analysis, such as monthly country reports, five-year country economic forecasts, country risk service reports, and industry reports.
See Human and Economist Intelligence Unit
Economy
An economy is an area of the production, distribution and trade, as well as consumption of goods and services.
Edo period
The, also known as the, is the period between 1603 and 1868 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional daimyo.
Electricity generation
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.
See Human and Electricity generation
Emotional intelligence
Emotional intelligence (EI) is defined as the ability to perceive, use, understand, manage, and handle emotions.
See Human and Emotional intelligence
Emotional intimacy
Emotional intimacy is an aspect of interpersonal relationships that varies in intensity from one relationship to another and varies from one time to another, much like physical intimacy.
See Human and Emotional intimacy
Empirical research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
See Human and Empirical research
Energy development
Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.
See Human and Energy development
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Human and English language
Entrainment (biomusicology)
Entrainment in the biomusicological sense refers to the synchronization (e.g., foot tapping) of organisms to an external perceived rhythm such as human music and dance.
See Human and Entrainment (biomusicology)
Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as quality of air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution.
See Human and Environmental degradation
Epic of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia.
See Human and Epic of Gilgamesh
Epidemiology of obesity
Obesity has been observed throughout human history.
See Human and Epidemiology of obesity
Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge.
Eroticism
Eroticism is a quality that causes sexual feelings, as well as a philosophical contemplation concerning the aesthetics of sexual desire, sensuality, and romantic love.
Eschatology
Eschatology concerns expectations of the end of present age, human history, or the world itself.
Ethics
Ethics is the philosophical study of moral phenomena.
See Human and Ethics
Ethics in religion
Ethics involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.
See Human and Ethics in religion
Ethiopia
Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa region of East Africa.
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Eukaryote
The eukaryotes constitute the domain of Eukarya or Eukaryota, organisms whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
Euphoria
Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
European colonization of the Americas
During the Age of Discovery, a large scale colonization of the Americas, involving a number of European countries, took place primarily between the late 15th century and the early 19th century.
See Human and European colonization of the Americas
Evolutionary origin of religion
The evolutionary origin of religion and religious behavior is a field of study related to evolutionary psychology, the origin of language and mythology, and cross-cultural comparison of the anthropology of religion.
See Human and Evolutionary origin of religion
Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary pressure, selective pressure or selection pressure is exerted by factors that reduce or increase reproductive success in a portion of a population, driving natural selection.
See Human and Evolutionary pressure
Evolutionary psychology of religion
The evolutionary psychology of religion is the study of religious belief using evolutionary psychology principles.
See Human and Evolutionary psychology of religion
Existence
Existence is the state of having being or reality in contrast to nonexistence and nonbeing.
Experience
Experience refers to conscious events in general, more specifically to perceptions, or to the practical knowledge and familiarity that is produced by these processes.
Exploration of the Moon
The physical exploration of the Moon began when Luna 2, a space probe launched by the Soviet Union, made a deliberate impact on the surface of the Moon on September 14, 1959.
See Human and Exploration of the Moon
Extinct language
An extinct language is a language with no living descendants that no longer has any first-language or second-language speakers.
See Human and Extinct language
Eye color
Eye color is a polygenic phenotypic trait determined by two factors: the pigmentation of the eye's iris and the frequency-dependence of the scattering of light by the turbid medium in the stroma of the iris.
Face
The face is the front of an animal's head that features the eyes, nose and mouth, and through which animals express many of their emotions.
See Human and Face
Fall of Constantinople
The fall of Constantinople, also known as the conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire.
See Human and Fall of Constantinople
Fall of the Western Roman Empire
The fall of the Western Roman Empire, also called the fall of the Roman Empire or the fall of Rome, was the loss of central political control in the Western Roman Empire, a process in which the Empire failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided between several successor polities.
See Human and Fall of the Western Roman Empire
Family
Family (from familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other relationship).
See Human and Family
Fashion design
Fashion design is the art of applying design, aesthetics, clothing construction and natural beauty to clothing and its accessories.
Feeling
According to the APA Dictionary of Psychology, a feeling is "a self-contained phenomenal experience"; and feelings are "subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them".
Femininity
Femininity (also called womanliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles generally associated with women and girls.
Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English) is any material of natural or synthetic origin that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply plant nutrients.
Fetus
A fetus or foetus (fetuses, foetuses, rarely feti or foeti) is the unborn offspring that develops from a mammal embryo.
See Human and Fetus
Fiction
Fiction is any creative work, chiefly any narrative work, portraying individuals, events, or places that are imaginary or in ways that are imaginary.
Fictive kinship
Fictive kinship is a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither consanguineal (blood ties) nor affinal ("by marriage") ties.
Fiji
Fiji (Viti,; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, Fijī), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.
See Human and Fiji
Film
A film (British English) also called a movie (American English), motion picture, moving picture, picture, photoplay or (slang) flick is a work of visual art that simulates experiences and otherwise communicates ideas, stories, perceptions, feelings, beauty, or atmosphere through the use of moving images.
See Human and Film
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Folk religion
In religious studies and folkloristics, folk religion, traditional religion, or vernacular religion comprises various forms and expressions of religion that are distinct from the official doctrines and practices of organized religion.
Food science
Food science is the basic science and applied science of food; its scope starts at overlap with agricultural science and nutritional science and leads through the scientific aspects of food safety and food processing, informing the development of food technology.
Forging
Forging is a manufacturing process involving the shaping of metal using localized compressive forces.
Formal science
Formal science is a branch of science studying disciplines concerned with abstract structures described by formal systems, such as logic, mathematics, statistics, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, information theory, game theory, systems theory, decision theory and theoretical linguistics.
Formal system
A formal system is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for inferring theorems from axioms by a set of inference rules.
Fossil fuel
A fossil fuel is a carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants and planktons), a process that occurs within geological formations.
Freediving
Freediving, free-diving, free diving, breath-hold diving, or skin diving, is a mode of underwater diving that relies on breath-holding until resurfacing rather than the use of breathing apparatus such as scuba gear.
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
Frontiers Media
Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.
Function (biology)
In evolutionary biology, function is the reason some object or process occurred in a system that evolved through natural selection.
See Human and Function (biology)
Game (hunting)
Game or quarry is any wild animal hunted for animal products (primarily meat), for recreation ("sporting"), or for trophies.
Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
See Human and Gamete
Gender binary
The gender binary (also known as gender binarism) is the classification of gender into two distinct forms of masculine and feminine, whether by social system, cultural belief, or both simultaneously.
Gender identity
Gender identity is the personal sense of one's own gender.
Gender role
A gender role, or sex role, is a set of socially accepted behaviors and attitudes deemed appropriate or desirable for individuals based on their sex.
Gene
In biology, the word gene has two meanings.
See Human and Gene
Genetic disorder
A genetic disorder is a health problem caused by one or more abnormalities in the genome.
See Human and Genetic disorder
Genetic marker
A genetic marker is a gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in organisms.
Genocide of indigenous peoples
The genocide of Indigenous peoples, colonial genocide, or settler genocide is the intentional elimination of Indigenous peoples as a part of the process of colonialism.
See Human and Genocide of indigenous peoples
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
See Human and Genome
Genome Research
Genome Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
Genus
Genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses.
See Human and Genus
Gestation
Gestation is the period of development during the carrying of an embryo, and later fetus, inside viviparous animals (the embryo develops within the parent).
Gibbon
Gibbons are apes in the family Hylobatidae.
See Human and Gibbon
Gift economy
A gift economy or gift culture is a system of exchange where valuables are not sold, but rather given without an explicit agreement for immediate or future rewards.
Globalization
Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
Godparent
In denominations of Christianity, a godparent or sponsor is someone who bears witness to a child's baptism (christening) and later is willing to help in their catechesis, as well as their lifelong spiritual formation.
Golden age (metaphor)
A golden age is a period considered the peak in the history of a country or people, a time period when the greatest achievements were made.
See Human and Golden age (metaphor)
Gonochorism
In biology, gonochorism is a sexual system where there are two sexes and each individual organism is either male or female.
Gorilla
Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa.
Gorillini
Gorillini is a taxonomic tribe containing three genera: Gorilla and the extinct Chororapithecus and (possibly) Nakalipithecus.
Grandmother hypothesis
The grandmother hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain the existence of menopause in human life history by identifying the adaptive value of extended kin networking.
See Human and Grandmother hypothesis
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
See Human and Great Depression
Great Pyramid of Giza
The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest Egyptian pyramid.
See Human and Great Pyramid of Giza
Greek Dark Ages
The Greek Dark Ages (1200–800 BC), were earlier regarded as two continuous periods of Greek history: the Postpalatial Bronze Age (c. 1200–1050 BC) and the Prehistoric Iron Age or Early Iron Age (c. 1050–800 BC), which included all the ceramic phases from the Protogeometric to the Middle Geometric I and lasted until the beginning of the Protohistoric Iron Age around 800 BC.
Green Revolution
The Green Revolution, or the Third Agricultural Revolution, was a period of technology transfer initiatives that saw greatly increased crop yields.
See Human and Green Revolution
Greying of hair
Greying of hair, also known as greying, canities, or achromotrichia, is the progressive loss of pigmentation in the hair, eventually turning the hair grey or white which typically occurs naturally as people age.
Guangzhou
Guangzhou, previously romanized as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of Guangdong province in southern China.
Gunpowder
Gunpowder, also commonly known as black powder to distinguish it from modern smokeless powder, is the earliest known chemical explosive.
Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.
Habitat
In ecology, habitat refers to the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.
Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
See Human and Hair
Hair follicle
The hair follicle is an organ found in mammalian skin.
Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu.
Happiness
Happiness is a positive and pleasant emotion, ranging from contentment to intense joy.
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiian: Mokupuni Hawai‘i) are an archipelago of eight major volcanic islands, several atolls, and numerous smaller islets in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some from the island of Hawaiʻi in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll.
See Human and Hawaiian Islands
Hearing
Hearing, or auditory perception, is the ability to perceive sounds through an organ, such as an ear, by detecting vibrations as periodic changes in the pressure of a surrounding medium.
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ found in most animals.
See Human and Heart
Heart rate
Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm).
Heat exhaustion
Heat exhaustion is a heat-related illness characterized by the body's inability to effectively cool itself, typically occurring in high ambient temperatures or during intense physical exertion.
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Human and Hellenistic period
Heterosexuality
Heterosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between people of the opposite sex or gender.
High-altitude adaptation in humans
High-altitude adaptation in humans is an instance of evolutionary modification in certain human populations, including those of Tibet in Asia, the Andes of the Americas, and Ethiopia in Africa, who have acquired the ability to survive at altitudes above 2,500 meters (8,200 ft).
See Human and High-altitude adaptation in humans
Higher-order theories of consciousness
Higher-order theories of consciousness postulate that consciousness consists in perceptions or thoughts about first-order mental states.
See Human and Higher-order theories of consciousness
Hindi
Modern Standard Hindi (आधुनिक मानक हिन्दी, Ādhunik Mānak Hindī), commonly referred to as Hindi, is the standardised variety of the Hindustani language written in Devanagari script.
See Human and Hindi
Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
Hindus
Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.
See Human and Hindus
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension, the term historiography is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
History
History (derived) is the systematic study and documentation of the human past.
History of agriculture
Agriculture began independently in different parts of the globe, and included a diverse range of taxa.
See Human and History of agriculture
History of science
The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present.
See Human and History of science
History of technology
The history of technology is the history of the invention of tools and techniques by humans.
See Human and History of technology
Hoboken, New Jersey
Hoboken (Unami: Hupokàn) is a city in Hudson County in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
See Human and Hoboken, New Jersey
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Holocene extinction
The Holocene extinction, or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event caused by humans during the Holocene epoch.
See Human and Holocene extinction
Holy Land
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern bank of the Jordan River, traditionally synonymous both with the biblical Land of Israel and with the region of Palestine.
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire, also known as the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation after 1512, was a polity in Central and Western Europe, usually headed by the Holy Roman Emperor.
See Human and Holy Roman Empire
Hominidae
The Hominidae, whose members are known as the great apes or hominids, are a taxonomic family of primates that includes eight extant species in four genera: Pongo (the Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutan); Gorilla (the eastern and western gorilla); Pan (the chimpanzee and the bonobo); and Homo, of which only modern humans (''Homo sapiens'') remain.
Homininae
Homininae (the hominines), is a subfamily of the family Hominidae (hominids).
Hominini
The Hominini (hominins) form a taxonomic tribe of the subfamily Homininae (hominines).
Homo
Homo is a genus of great ape that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses the extant species Homo sapiens (modern humans) and a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans. Human and Homo are humans.
See Human and Homo
Homo erectus
Homo erectus (meaning "upright man") is an extinct species of archaic human from the Pleistocene, with its earliest occurrence about 2 million years ago. Human and Homo erectus are tool-using mammals.
Homo ergaster
Homo ergaster is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Africa in the Early Pleistocene.
Homo habilis
Homo habilis ('handy man') is an extinct species of archaic human from the Early Pleistocene of East and South Africa about 2.3 million years ago to 1.65 million years ago (mya). Human and Homo habilis are hominini.
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo heidelbergensis (also H. erectus heidelbergensis, H. sapiens heidelbergensis) is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic human which existed during the Middle Pleistocene.
See Human and Homo heidelbergensis
Homo rhodesiensis
Homo rhodesiensis is the species name proposed by Arthur Smith Woodward (1921) to classify Kabwe 1 (the "Kabwe skull" or "Broken Hill skull", also "Rhodesian Man"), a Middle Stone Age fossil recovered from Broken Hill mine in Kabwe, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).
See Human and Homo rhodesiensis
Homo rudolfensis
Homo rudolfensis is an extinct species of archaic human from the Early Pleistocene of East Africa about 2 million years ago (mya). Human and Homo rudolfensis are hominini.
See Human and Homo rudolfensis
Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is similarity due to shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa.
See Human and Homology (biology)
Homosexual behavior in animals
Various non-human animal species exhibit behavior that can be interpreted as homosexual or bisexual, often referred to as same-sex sexual behavior (SSSB) by scientists.
See Human and Homosexual behavior in animals
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China.
Human behavior
Human behavior is the potential and expressed capacity (mentally, physically, and socially) of human individuals or groups to respond to internal and external stimuli throughout their life. Human and human behavior are humans.
Human body
The human body is the entire structure of a human being. Human and human body are humans.
Human body weight
Human body weight is a person's mass or weight.
See Human and Human body weight
Human brain
The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
Human food
Human food is food which is fit for human consumption, and which humans willingly eat.
Human genetic variation
Human genetic variation is the genetic differences in and among populations.
See Human and Human genetic variation
Human genome
The human genome is a complete set of nucleic acid sequences for humans, encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria.
Human hair color
Human hair color is the pigmentation of human hair follicles and shafts due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.
See Human and Human hair color
Human height
Human height or stature is the distance from the bottom of the feet to the top of the head in a human body, standing erect.
Human history
Human history is the development of humankind from prehistory to the present.
Human impact on the environment
Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic environmental impact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by humans. Human and human impact on the environment are humans.
See Human and Human impact on the environment
Human intelligence
Human intelligence is the intellectual capability of humans, which is marked by complex cognitive feats and high levels of motivation and self-awareness.
See Human and Human intelligence
Human presence in space
Human presence in space (also anthropogenic presence in space or humanity in space) is the direct and mediated presence or telepresence of humans in outer space and in a broader sense also on any extraterrestrial astronomical body.
See Human and Human presence in space
Human reproduction
Human reproduction is sexual reproduction that results in human fertilization to produce a human offspring. Human and human reproduction are humans.
See Human and Human reproduction
Human settlement
In geography, statistics and archaeology, a settlement, locality or populated place is a community of people living in a particular place.
See Human and Human settlement
Human sexual response cycle
The human sexual response cycle is a four-stage model of physiological responses to sexual stimulation, which, in order of their occurrence, are the excitement, plateau, orgasmic, and resolution phases.
See Human and Human sexual response cycle
Human skin color
Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues.
See Human and Human skin color
Human tooth
Human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting.
Humidity
Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air.
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forager is a human living in a community, or according to an ancestrally derived lifestyle, in which most or all food is obtained by foraging, that is, by gathering food from local naturally occurring sources, especially wild edible plants but also insects, fungi, honey, bird eggs, or anything safe to eat, and/or by hunting game (pursuing and/or trapping and killing wild animals, including catching fish).
Hunting
Hunting is the human practice of seeking, pursuing, capturing, and killing wildlife or feral animals.
Hybrid (biology)
In biology, a hybrid is the offspring resulting from combining the qualities of two organisms of different varieties, subspecies, species or genera through sexual reproduction.
See Human and Hybrid (biology)
Hybrid regime
A hybrid regime is a type of political system often created as a result of an incomplete democratic transition from an authoritarian regime to a democratic one (or vice versa).
Identity (social science)
Identity is the set of qualities, beliefs, personality traits, appearance, and/or expressions that characterize a person or a group.
See Human and Identity (social science)
Imagination
Imagination is the production of sensations, feelings and thoughts informing oneself.
Imaging
Imaging is the representation or reproduction of an object's form; especially a visual representation (i.e., the formation of an image).
Immanence
The doctrine or theory of immanence holds that the divine encompasses or is manifested in the material world.
Inca Empire
The Inca Empire, officially known as the Realm of the Four Parts (Tawantinsuyu, "four parts together"), was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America.
Incentive
In general, incentives are anything that persuade a person or organization to alter their behavior to produce the desired outcome.
Incest taboo
An incest taboo is any cultural rule or norm that prohibits sexual relations between certain members of the same family, mainly between individuals related by blood.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
See Human and India
Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
The Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (IEW; "Indo-European Etymological Dictionary") was published in 1959 by the Austrian-German comparative linguist and Celtic languages expert Julius Pokorny.
See Human and Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
See Human and Indus Valley Civilisation
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Human and Industrial Revolution
Industry (economics)
In macroeconomics, an industry is a branch of an economy that produces a closely related set of raw materials, goods, or services.
See Human and Industry (economics)
Infant
An infant or baby is the very young offspring of human beings.
See Human and Infant
Infant mortality
Infant mortality is the death of an infant before the infant's first birthday.
See Human and Infant mortality
Infanticide (zoology)
In animals, infanticide involves the intentional killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species.
See Human and Infanticide (zoology)
Infertility
Infertility is the inability of an animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
Information Age
The Information Age (also known as the Third Industrial Revolution, Computer Age, Digital Age, Silicon Age, New Media Age, Internet Age, or the Digital Revolution) is a historical period that began in the mid-20th century.
Inheritance
Inheritance is the practice of receiving private property, titles, debts, entitlements, privileges, rights, and obligations upon the death of an individual.
Inside Indonesia
Inside Indonesia is an Australian-based journal, that has evolved into an online journal about Indonesia.
See Human and Inside Indonesia
Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
Institution
An institution is a humanly devised structure of rules and norms that shape and constrain social behavior.
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
Intelligence quotient
An intelligence quotient (IQ) is a total score derived from a set of standardised tests or subtests designed to assess human intelligence.
See Human and Intelligence quotient
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans occurred during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.
See Human and Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans
Interest (emotion)
Interest is a feeling or emotion that causes attention to focus on an object, event, or process.
See Human and Interest (emotion)
Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE or IC engine) is a heat engine in which the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.
See Human and Internal combustion engine
Internal fertilization
Internal fertilization is the union of an egg and sperm cell during sexual reproduction inside the female body.
See Human and Internal fertilization
International HapMap Project
The International HapMap Project was an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human genetic variation.
See Human and International HapMap Project
International organization
An international organization, also known as an intergovernmental organization or an international institution, is an organization that is established by a treaty or other type of instrument governed by international law and possesses its own legal personality, such as the United Nations, the World Health Organization, International Union for Conservation of Nature, and NATO.
See Human and International organization
International Space Station
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large space station assembled and maintained in low Earth orbit by a collaboration of five space agencies and their contractors: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan), and CSA (Canada).
See Human and International Space Station
Internet
The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.
Intersex
Intersex people are individuals born with any of several sex characteristics, including chromosome patterns, gonads, or genitals that, according to the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit typical binary notions of male or female bodies".
Introspection
Introspection is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings.
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Irreligion
Irreligion is the absence or rejection of religious beliefs or practices.
Irrigation
Irrigation (also referred to as watering of plants) is the practice of applying controlled amounts of water to land to help grow crops, landscape plants, and lawns.
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
See Human and Islam
Islamic Golden Age
The Islamic Golden Age was a period of scientific, economic and cultural flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the 8th century to the 13th century.
See Human and Islamic Golden Age
Istanbul
Istanbul is the largest city in Turkey, straddling the Bosporus Strait, the boundary between Europe and Asia.
Jakarta
Jakarta, officially the Special Capital Region of Jakarta (DKI Jakarta) and formerly known as Batavia until 1949, is the capital and largest city of Indonesia.
Johnson Space Center
The Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC) is NASA's center for human spaceflight in Houston, Texas (originally named the Manned Spacecraft Center), where human spaceflight training, research, and flight control are conducted.
See Human and Johnson Space Center
Jones & Bartlett Learning
Jones & Bartlett Learning, a division of Ascend Learning, is a scholarly publisher.
See Human and Jones & Bartlett Learning
Journal of Molecular Evolution
The Journal of Molecular Evolution is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that covers molecular evolution.
See Human and Journal of Molecular Evolution
Joy
Joy is the state of being that allows one to experience feelings of intense, long-lasting happiness and satisfaction of life.
See Human and Joy
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
Karachi
Karachi (کراچی) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Sindh.
Kingdom of Aksum
The Kingdom of Aksum (ʾÄksum; 𐩱𐩫𐩪𐩣,; Axōmítēs) also known as the Kingdom of Axum, or the Aksumite Empire, was a kingdom in East Africa and South Arabia from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages.
See Human and Kingdom of Aksum
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from 886, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom.
See Human and Kingdom of England
Kingdom of France
The Kingdom of France is the historiographical name or umbrella term given to various political entities of France in the medieval and early modern period.
See Human and Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Kush
The Kingdom of Kush (Egyptian: 𓎡𓄿𓈙𓈉 kꜣš, Assyrian: Kûsi, in LXX Χους or Αἰθιοπία; ⲉϭⲱϣ Ecōš; כּוּשׁ Kūš), also known as the Kushite Empire, or simply Kush, was an ancient kingdom in Nubia, centered along the Nile Valley in what is now northern Sudan and southern Egypt.
Kinshasa
Kinshasa (Kinsásá), formerly named Léopoldville until June 30, 1966, is the capital and largest city of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Knowledge
Knowledge is an awareness of facts, a familiarity with individuals and situations, or a practical skill.
Knowledge transfer
Knowledge transfer refers to transferring an awareness of facts or practical skills from one entity to another.
See Human and Knowledge transfer
Kolkata
Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta (its official name until 2001), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of West Bengal.
Labor induction
Labor induction is the process or treatment that stimulates childbirth and delivery.
Lactase persistence
Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk.
See Human and Lactase persistence
Lactation
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
Lactose
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C12H22O11.
Lagos
Lagos (also US), or Lagos City, is a large metropolitan city in southwestern Nigeria.
See Human and Lagos
Lahore
Lahore (لہور; لاہور) is the capital and largest city of the Pakistani province of Punjab.
See Human and Lahore
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Late Bronze Age collapse
The Late Bronze Age collapse was a time of widespread societal collapse during the 12th century BC associated with environmental change, mass migration, and the destruction of cities.
See Human and Late Bronze Age collapse
Late modern period
In many periodizations of human history, the late modern period followed the early modern period.
See Human and Late modern period
Late Pleistocene
The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as the Upper Pleistocene from a stratigraphic perspective.
See Human and Late Pleistocene
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Human and Latin
Law
Law is a set of rules that are created and are enforceable by social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior, with its precise definition a matter of longstanding debate.
See Human and Law
LD 350-1
LD 350-1 is the earliest known specimen of the genus Homo, dating to 2.75–2.8 million years ago (mya), found in the Ledi-Geraru site in the Afar Region of Ethiopia.
Level of analysis
Level of analysis is used in the social sciences to point to the location, size, or scale of a research target.
See Human and Level of analysis
Libido
In psychology, libido (from the Latin, 'desire') is psychic drive or energy, usually conceived as sexual in nature, but sometimes conceived as including other forms of desire.
See Human and Libido
Life expectancy
Human life expectancy is a statistical measure of the estimate of the average remaining years of life at a given age.
Life satisfaction
Life satisfaction is an evaluation of a person's quality of life.
See Human and Life satisfaction
Light skin
Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation.
Lima
Lima, founded in 1535 as the Ciudad de los Reyes (Spanish for "City of Kings"), is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín Rivers, in the desert zone of the central coastal part of the country, overlooking the Pacific Ocean.
See Human and Lima
Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant.
See Human and Lineage (evolution)
List of Chinese inventions
China has been the source of many innovations, scientific discoveries and inventions.
See Human and List of Chinese inventions
List of forms of government
This article lists forms of government and political systems, which are not mutually exclusive, and often have much overlap.
See Human and List of forms of government
List of human evolution fossils
The following tables give an overview of notable finds of hominin fossils and remains relating to human evolution, beginning with the formation of the tribe Hominini (the divergence of the human and chimpanzee lineages) in the late Miocene, roughly 7 to 8 million years ago.
See Human and List of human evolution fossils
List of largest cities
The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities in all jurisdictions are classified using the same criteria.
See Human and List of largest cities
List of largest empires
Several empires in human history have been contenders for the largest of all time, depending on definition and mode of measurement.
See Human and List of largest empires
List of Latin phrases (S)
Additional references.
See Human and List of Latin phrases (S)
List of national legal systems
The contemporary national legal systems are generally based on one of four basic systems: civil law, common law, customary law, religious law or combinations of these.
See Human and List of national legal systems
Literature
Literature is any collection of written work, but it is also used more narrowly for writings specifically considered to be an art form, especially novels, plays, and poems.
Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.
Logic
Logic is the study of correct reasoning.
See Human and Logic
London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
See Human and London
Long Beach, California
Long Beach is a coastal city in southeastern Los Angeles County, California, United States.
See Human and Long Beach, California
Los Angeles
Los Angeles, often referred to by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California.
Low birth weight
Low birth weight (LBW) is defined by the World Health Organization as a birth weight of an infant of or less, regardless of gestational age.
See Human and Low birth weight
Lucid dream
In the psychology subfield of oneirology, a lucid dream is a type of dream wherein a person that is dreaming realizes that they are dreaming during their dream.
Madagascar
Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar and the Fourth Republic of Madagascar, is an island country comprising the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands.
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects vertebrates.
Mali Empire
The Mali Empire (Manding: MandéKi-Zerbo, Joseph: UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. IV, Abridged Edition: Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century, p. 57. University of California Press, 1997. or Manden Duguba; Mālī) was an empire in West Africa from 1226 to 1670.
Malnutrition
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems.
Man
A man is an adult male human.
See Human and Man
Man (word)
The term man (from Proto-Germanic *mann- "person") and words derived from it can designate any or even all of the human race regardless of their sex or age. Human and man (word) are humans.
Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin is a group of Chinese language dialects that are natively spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.
See Human and Mandarin Chinese
Manila
Manila (Maynila), officially the City of Manila (Lungsod ng Maynila), is the capital and second-most-populous city of the Philippines after Quezon City.
See Human and Manila
Marriage
Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses.
Masculinity
Masculinity (also called manhood or manliness) is a set of attributes, behaviors, and roles associated with men and boys.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is an idea in psychology proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" in the journal Psychological Review.
See Human and Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Masturbation
Masturbation is a form of autoeroticism in which a person sexually stimulates their own genitals for sexual arousal or other sexual pleasure, usually to the point of orgasm.
Maternal death
Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined in slightly different ways by several different health organizations.
Mathematics
Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.
Maya calendar
The Maya calendar is a system of calendars used in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica and in many modern communities in the Guatemalan highlands, Veracruz, Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico.
Maya civilization
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period.
See Human and Maya civilization
Mechanics
Mechanics (from Ancient Greek: μηχανική, mēkhanikḗ, "of machines") is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects.
Medicine
Medicine is the science and practice of caring for patients, managing the diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, treatment, palliation of their injury or disease, and promoting their health.
Melanin
Melanin is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms.
Member states of the United Nations
The member states of the United Nations comprise sovereign states.
See Human and Member states of the United Nations
Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time when menstrual periods permanently stop, marking the end of reproduction.
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
Metacognition
Metacognition is an awareness of one's thought processes and an understanding of the patterns behind them.
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.
Mexico City
Mexico City (Ciudad de México,; abbr.: CDMX; Central Nahuatl:,; Otomi) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous city in North America.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle English
Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century.
Middle Paleolithic
The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.
See Human and Middle Paleolithic
Military
A military, also known collectively as an armed forces, are a heavily armed, highly organized force primarily intended for warfare.
Milk
Milk is a white liquid food produced by the mammary glands of mammals.
See Human and Milk
Mind
The mind is what thinks, feels, perceives, imagines, remembers, and wills, encompassing the totality of mental phenomena.
See Human and Mind
Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age culture which was centered on the island of Crete.
See Human and Minoan civilization
Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma).
Mirror test
The mirror test—sometimes called the mark test, mirror self-recognition (MSR) test, red spot technique, or rouge test—is a behavioral technique developed in 1970 by American psychologist Gordon Gallup Jr. as an attempt to determine whether an animal possesses the ability of visual self-recognition.
Mississippian culture
The Mississippian culture was a Native American civilization that flourished in what is now the Midwestern, Eastern, and Southeastern United States from approximately 800 to 1600, varying regionally.
See Human and Mississippian culture
Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA and mDNA) is the DNA located in the mitochondria organelles in a eukaryotic cell that converts chemical energy from food into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
See Human and Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial Eve
In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (more technically known as the Mitochondrial-Most Recent Common Ancestor, shortened to mt-Eve or mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all living humans.
See Human and Mitochondrial Eve
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard.
See Human and Modern Standard Arabic
Molecular Biology and Evolution
Molecular Biology and Evolution (MBE) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.
See Human and Molecular Biology and Evolution
Money
Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context.
See Human and Money
Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire of the 13th and 14th centuries was the largest contiguous empire in history.
Monism
Monism attributes oneness or singleness to a concept, such as to existence.
See Human and Monism
Monogamy
Monogamy is a relationship of two individuals in which they form an exclusive intimate partnership.
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.
Mood (psychology)
In psychology, a mood is an affective state.
See Human and Mood (psychology)
Moral development
Moral development focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood.
See Human and Moral development
Morality
Morality is the categorization of intentions, decisions and actions into those that are proper (right) and those that are improper (wrong).
Morphology (biology)
Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
See Human and Morphology (biology)
Moscow
Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.
See Human and Moscow
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire was an early modern empire in South Asia.
Mumbai
Mumbai (ISO:; formerly known as Bombay) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.
See Human and Mumbai
Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse committed with the necessary intention as defined by the law in a specific jurisdiction.
See Human and Murder
Music
Music is the arrangement of sound to create some combination of form, harmony, melody, rhythm, or otherwise expressive content.
See Human and Music
Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions.
Muslim world
The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the Islamic community, which is also known as the Ummah.
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Myth
Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society.
See Human and Myth
Naïve physics
Naïve physics or folk physics is the untrained human perception of basic physical phenomena.
Napoleonic Wars
The Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) were a series of conflicts fought between the First French Empire under Napoleon Bonaparte (1804–1815) and a fluctuating array of European coalitions.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
See Human and NASA
Nation
A nation is a large type of social organization where a collective identity, a national identity, has emerged from a combination of shared features across a given population, such as language, history, ethnicity, culture, territory or society.
See Human and Nation
Nation state
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent.
Natural childbirth
Natural childbirth is childbirth without routine medical interventions, particularly anesthesia.
See Human and Natural childbirth
Natural disaster
A natural disaster is the very harmful impact on a society or community after a natural hazard event.
See Human and Natural disaster
Natural environment
The natural environment or natural world encompasses all biotic and abiotic things occurring naturally, meaning in this case not artificial.
See Human and Natural environment
Natural resource
Natural resources are resources that are drawn from nature and used with few modifications.
See Human and Natural resource
Natural science
Natural science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation.
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Human and Natural selection
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Human and Nature (journal)
Neanderthal
Neanderthals (Homo neanderthalensis or H. sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct group of archaic humans (generally regarded as a distinct species, though some regard it as a subspecies of Homo sapiens) who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago.
Neanderthal extinction
Neanderthals became extinct around 40,000 years ago.
See Human and Neanderthal extinction
Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.
See Human and Neolithic Revolution
Neontology
Neontology is a part of biology that, in contrast to paleontology, deals with living (or, more generally, recent) organisms.
Neoteny
Neoteny, also called juvenilization,Montagu, A. (1989).
Neurophysiology
Neurophysiology is a branch of physiology and neuroscience that studies nervous system function rather than nervous system architecture.
Neuroscience
Neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system), its functions and disorders.
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state situated within both the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States.
New Scientist
New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.
New World
The term "New World" is used to describe the majority of lands of Earth's Western Hemisphere, particularly the Americas.
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
Newark, New Jersey
Newark is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Jersey, the county seat of Essex County, and a principal city of the New York metropolitan area.
See Human and Newark, New Jersey
Newsweek
Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.
Nomad
Nomads are communities without fixed habitation who regularly move to and from areas.
See Human and Nomad
Non-binary gender
Non-binary and genderqueer are umbrella terms for gender identities that are outside the male/female gender binary.
See Human and Non-binary gender
Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator.
North Africa
North Africa (sometimes Northern Africa) is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of the Western Sahara in the west, to Egypt and Sudan's Red Sea coast in the east.
Nuclear arms race
The nuclear arms race was an arms race competition for supremacy in nuclear warfare between the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies during the Cold War.
See Human and Nuclear arms race
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
Nucleotide diversity
Nucleotide diversity is a concept in molecular genetics which is used to measure the degree of polymorphism within a population.
See Human and Nucleotide diversity
Numerical cognition
Numerical cognition is a subdiscipline of cognitive science that studies the cognitive, developmental and neural bases of numbers and mathematics.
See Human and Numerical cognition
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
Obsidian
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed when lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.
Obstetrical dilemma
The obstetrical dilemma is a hypothesis to explain why humans often require assistance from other humans during childbirth to avoid complications, whereas most non-human primates give birth unassisted with relatively little difficulty.
See Human and Obstetrical dilemma
Oceania
Oceania is a geographical region including Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
Octave
In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the '''diapason''') is a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice the frequency of vibration of the other.
See Human and Octave
Old age
Old age is the range of ages for people nearing and surpassing life expectancy.
Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and the mid-14th century.
Old World
The "Old World" is a term for Afro-Eurasia that originated in Europe after 1493, when Europeans became aware of the existence of the Americas.
Omnivore
An omnivore is an animal that has the ability to eat and survive on both plant and animal matter.
Orangutan
Orangutans are great apes native to the rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia. Human and Orangutan are tool-using mammals.
Orbitofrontal cortex
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a prefrontal cortex region in the frontal lobes of the brain which is involved in the cognitive process of decision-making.
See Human and Orbitofrontal cortex
Organ system
An organ system is a biological system consisting of a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions.
Osaka
is a designated city in the Kansai region of Honshu in Japan, and one of the three major cities of Japan (Tokyo-Osaka-Nagoya).
See Human and Osaka
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Outer space
Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies.
Overconsumption (economics)
Overconsumption describes a situation where a consumer overuses their available goods and services to where they can't, or don't want to, replenish or reuse them.
See Human and Overconsumption (economics)
Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
See Human and Oxford English Dictionary
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Human and Oxford University Press
Painting
Painting is a visual art, which is characterized by the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface (called the "matrix" or "support").
Palate
The palate is the roof of the mouth in humans and other mammals.
See Human and Palate
Pan (genus)
The genus Pan consists of two extant species: the chimpanzee and the bonobo. Human and Pan (genus) are hominini and tool-using mammals.
Panina
Panina is a subtribe of tribe Hominini; it comprises all descendants of the human-chimpanzee last common ancestor (LCA) that are not of the branch of human lineage—that is, all those ancestors of the type genus Pan, (chimpanzees and bonobos). Human and Panina are hominini.
See Human and Panina
Pantheism
Pantheism is the philosophical and religious belief that reality, the universe, and nature are identical to divinity or a supreme entity.
Paper
Paper is a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, or other vegetable sources in water, draining the water through a fine mesh leaving the fibre evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.
See Human and Paper
Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea, officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
See Human and Papua New Guinea
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
See Human and Paris
Peer group
In sociology, a peer group is both a social group and a primary group of people who have similar interests (homophily), age, background, or social status.
Pelvis
The pelvis (pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of the trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton).
See Human and Pelvis
Penicillin
Penicillins (P, PCN or PEN) are a group of β-lactam antibiotics originally obtained from Penicillium moulds, principally P. chrysogenum and P. rubens.
Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.
Performing arts
The performing arts are arts such as music, dance, and drama which are performed for an audience.
Peripheral nervous system
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is one of two components that make up the nervous system of bilateral animals, with the other part being the central nervous system (CNS).
See Human and Peripheral nervous system
Person
A person (people or persons, depending on context) is a being who has certain capacities or attributes such as reason, morality, consciousness or self-consciousness, and being a part of a culturally established form of social relations such as kinship, ownership of property, or legal responsibility. Human and person are humans.
See Human and Person
Personality psychology
Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that examines personality and its variation among individuals.
See Human and Personality psychology
Personhood
Personhood is the status of being a person. Human and Personhood are humans.
Phenomenon
A phenomenon (phenomena), sometimes spelled phaenomenon, is an observable event.
Phenotype
In genetics, the phenotype is the set of observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
Philosophical logic
Understood in a narrow sense, philosophical logic is the area of logic that studies the application of logical methods to philosophical problems, often in the form of extended logical systems like modal logic.
See Human and Philosophical logic
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
See Human and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
Phoneme
In linguistics and specifically phonology, a phoneme is any set of similar phones (speech sounds) that is perceptually regarded by the speakers of a language as a single distinct unit, a single basic sound, which helps distinguish one word from another.
Physical intimacy
Physical intimacy is sensuous proximity or touching.
See Human and Physical intimacy
Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Plant breeding
Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.
Pleasure
Pleasure is experience that feels good, that involves the enjoyment of something.
Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
See Human and Ploidy
Poetry
Poetry (from the Greek word poiesis, "making") is a form of literary art that uses aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, literal or surface-level meanings.
See Human and Poetry
Policy
Policy is a deliberate system of guidelines to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes.
See Human and Policy
Pollution
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
Polyandry
Polyandry is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.
Polygyny
Polygyny is a form of polygamy entailing the marriage of a man to several women.
Polytheism
Polytheism is the belief in or worship of more than one god.
Pongidae
Pongidae, or the pongids is an obsolete primate taxon containing chimpanzees, gorillas and orangutans.
Ponginae
Ponginae, also known as the Asian hominids, is a subfamily in the family Hominidae.
Pons
The pons (pontes; from Latin pons, "bridge", from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s, “path, road”, from *pent-, “path”. Cognate with Sanskrit पन्था, pánthā-) is part of the brainstem that in humans and other mammals, lies inferior to the midbrain, superior to the medulla oblongata and anterior to the cerebellum.
See Human and Pons
Population bottleneck
A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events such as famines, earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, and droughts; or human activities such as genocide, speciocide, widespread violence or intentional culling.
See Human and Population bottleneck
Population growth
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group.
See Human and Population growth
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Human and Portuguese language
Poverty Point culture
The Poverty Point culture is the archaeological culture of a prehistoric indigenous peoples who inhabited a portion of North America's lower Mississippi Valley and surrounding Gulf coast from about 1730 – 1350 BC.
See Human and Poverty Point culture
Power (social and political)
In political science, power is the social production of an effect that determines the capacities, actions, beliefs, or conduct of actors.
See Human and Power (social and political)
Practice theory
Practice theory (or praxeology, theory of social practices) is a body of social theory within anthropology and sociology that explains society and culture as the result of structure and individual agency.
Precociality and altriciality
Precocial species in birds and mammals are those in which the young are relatively mature and mobile from the moment of birth or hatching.
See Human and Precociality and altriciality
Preference
In psychology, economics and philosophy, preference is a technical term usually used in relation to choosing between alternatives.
Prefrontal cortex
In mammalian brain anatomy, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) covers the front part of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
See Human and Prefrontal cortex
Pregnancy
Pregnancy is the time during which one or more offspring develops (gestates) inside a woman's uterus (womb).
Prehistory
Prehistory, also called pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the first known use of stone tools by hominins million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems.
Primate
Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers; and the simians, which include monkeys and apes.
Printing press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Human and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.
See Human and Proceedings of the Royal Society
Prose
Prose is the form of written language (including written speech or dialogue) that follows the natural flow of speech, a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or typical writing conventions and formatting.
See Human and Prose
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that claim to be both scientific and factual but are incompatible with the scientific method.
Psychologist
A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Puberty
Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction.
Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last imperial dynasty in Chinese history.
Quality of life
Quality of life (QOL) is defined by the World Health Organization as "an individual's perception of their position in life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns".
Quaternary International
Quaternary International is a peer-reviewed scientific journal on quaternary science published by Elsevier on behalf of the International Union for Quaternary Research.
See Human and Quaternary International
Race (human categorization)
Race is a categorization of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into groups generally viewed as distinct within a given society.
See Human and Race (human categorization)
Radio
Radio is the technology of communicating using radio waves.
See Human and Radio
Rail transport
Rail transport (also known as train transport) is a means of transport using wheeled vehicles running in tracks, which usually consist of two parallel steel rails.
Rapid eye movement sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
See Human and Rapid eye movement sleep
Realisation (metrology)
In metrology, the realisation of a unit of measure is the conversion of its definition into reality.
See Human and Realisation (metrology)
Reason
Reason is the capacity of applying logic consciously by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth.
See Human and Reason
Recent African origin of modern humans
In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans or the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA) is the most widely accepted model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).
See Human and Recent African origin of modern humans
Reciprocal determinism
Reciprocal determinism is the theory set forth by psychologist Albert Bandura which states that a person's behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.
See Human and Reciprocal determinism
Red hair
Red hair, also known as orange hair or ginger hair, is a human hair color found in 2–6% of people of Northern or Northwestern European ancestry and lesser frequency in other populations.
Religion
Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.
Religious cosmology
Religious cosmology is an explanation of the origin, evolution, and eventual fate of the universe from a religious perspective.
See Human and Religious cosmology
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Reputation
The reputation or prestige of a social entity (a person, a social group, an organization, or a place) is an opinion about that entity – typically developed as a result of social evaluation on a set of criteria, such as behavior or performance.
Research stations in Antarctica
Multiple governments have set up permanent research stations in Antarctica and these bases are widely distributed.
See Human and Research stations in Antarctica
Respiration (physiology)
In physiology, respiration is the movement of oxygen from the outside environment to the cells within tissues, and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction to the surrounding environment.
See Human and Respiration (physiology)
Reward system
The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
Rights
Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.
See Human and Rights
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro, or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Ritual
A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or revered objects.
See Human and Ritual
Rocket
A rocket (from bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air.
See Human and Rocket
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Russia
Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia.
See Human and Russia
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Human and Russian language
Sacredness
Sacred describes something that is dedicated or set apart for the service or worship of a deity; is considered worthy of spiritual respect or devotion; or inspires awe or reverence among believers.
Sadness
Sadness is an emotional pain associated with, or characterized by, feelings of disadvantage, loss, despair, grief, helplessness, disappointment and sorrow.
Sage Publishing
Sage Publishing, formerly SAGE Publications, is an American independent academic publishing company, founded in 1965 in New York City by Sara Miller McCune and now based in the Newbury Park neighborhood of Thousand Oaks, California.
Sahel
The Sahel region or Sahelian acacia savanna is a biogeographical region in Africa.
See Human and Sahel
Sama-Bajau
The Sama-Bajau include several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia.
Santa Ana, California
Santa Ana (Spanish for) is a city in and the county seat of Orange County, California, United States.
See Human and Santa Ana, California
São Paulo
São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil and the capital of the state of São Paulo.
Science
Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Human and Science (journal)
Science and technology of the Han dynasty
The Han dynasty (206 BCE – 220 CE) of early imperial China, divided between the eras of Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE, when the capital was at Chang'an), the Xin dynasty of Wang Mang (r. 9–23 CE), and Eastern Han (25–220 CE, when the capital was at Luoyang, and after 196 CE at Xuchang), witnessed some of the most significant advancements in premodern Chinese science and technology.
See Human and Science and technology of the Han dynasty
ScienceDaily
ScienceDaily is an American website launched in 1995 that aggregates press releases and publishes lightly edited press releases (a practice called churnalism) about science, similar to Phys.org and EurekAlert!.
Scientific American
Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.
See Human and Scientific American
Scientific law
Scientific laws or laws of science are statements, based on repeated experiments or observations, that describe or predict a range of natural phenomena.
Scientific method
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century.
See Human and Scientific method
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
See Human and Scientific Revolution
Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was the conquest and colonisation of most of Africa by seven Western European powers driven by the Second Industrial Revolution during the era of "New Imperialism" (1833–1914): Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Portugal and Spain.
See Human and Scramble for Africa
Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
Second Industrial Revolution
The Second Industrial Revolution, also known as the Technological Revolution, was a phase of rapid scientific discovery, standardisation, mass production and industrialisation from the late 19th century into the early 20th century.
See Human and Second Industrial Revolution
Secondary sex characteristic
A secondary sex characteristic is a physical characteristic of an organism that is related to or derived from its sex, but not directly part of its reproductive system.
See Human and Secondary sex characteristic
Self-awareness
In philosophy of self, self-awareness is the experience of one's own personality or individuality.
Semiconductor
A semiconductor is a material that has an electrical conductivity value falling between that of a conductor, such as copper, and an insulator, such as glass.
Senegambia
The Senegambia (other names: Senegambia region or Senegambian zone,Barry, Boubacar, Senegambia and the Atlantic Slave Trade, (Editors: David Anderson, Carolyn Brown; trans. Ayi Kwei Armah; contributors: David Anderson, American Council of Learned Societies, Carolyn Brown, University of Michigan. Digital Library Production Service, Christopher Clapham, Michael Gomez, Patrick Manning, David Robinson, Leonardo A.
Sense
A sense is a biological system used by an organism for sensation, the process of gathering information about the surroundings through the detection of stimuli.
See Human and Sense
Sense of smell
The sense of smell, or olfaction, is the special sense through which smells (or odors) are perceived.
Sentience
Sentience is the ability to experience feelings and sensations.
Serotonin
Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter.
Sex
Sex is the biological trait that determines whether a sexually reproducing organism produces male or female gametes.
See Human and Sex
Sex differences in humans
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Human and Sex differences in humans are humans.
See Human and Sex differences in humans
Sex-determination system
A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism.
See Human and Sex-determination system
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.
See Human and Sexual dimorphism
Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse (also coitus or copulation) is a sexual activity involving the insertion and thrusting of the male penis inside the female vagina for sexual pleasure, reproduction, or both.
See Human and Sexual intercourse
Sexual maturity
Sexual maturity is the capability of an organism to reproduce.
Sexual orientation
Sexual orientation is an enduring personal pattern of romantic attraction or sexual attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the opposite sex or gender, the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.
See Human and Sexual orientation
Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty, also known as the Yin dynasty, was a Chinese royal dynasty that ruled in the Yellow River valley during the second millennium BC, traditionally succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Western Zhou dynasty.
Shanghai
Shanghai is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China.
Sheep
Sheep (sheep) or domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are a domesticated, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock. Human and sheep are cosmopolitan mammals and mammals described in 1758.
See Human and Sheep
Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a city and special economic zone on the east bank of the Pearl River estuary on the central coast of the southern Chinese province of Guangdong, bordering Hong Kong to the south, Dongguan to the north, Huizhou to the northeast, and Macau to the southwest.
Sickle cell disease
Sickle cell disease (SCD), also simply called sickle cell, is a group of hemoglobin-related blood disorders typically inherited.
See Human and Sickle cell disease
Sign language
Sign languages (also known as signed languages) are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning, instead of spoken words.
Sikhism
Sikhism, also known as Sikhi (ਸਿੱਖੀ,, from translit), is a monotheistic religion and philosophy, that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE.
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
In genetics and bioinformatics, a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; plural SNPs) is a germline substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific position in the genome.
See Human and Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain.
See Human and Skull
Skyscraper
A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable building having multiple floors.
Sleep
Sleep is a state of reduced mental and physical activity in which consciousness is altered and certain sensory activity is inhibited.
See Human and Sleep
Sleep deprivation
Sleep deprivation, also known as sleep insufficiency or sleeplessness, is the condition of not having adequate duration and/or quality of sleep to support decent alertness, performance, and health.
See Human and Sleep deprivation
Slum
A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting of densely packed housing units of weak build quality and often associated with poverty.
See Human and Slum
Smelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat and a chemical reducing agent to an ore to extract a desired base metal product.
Social
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations.
See Human and Social
Social behavior
Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other.
Social constructionism
Social constructionism is a term used in sociology, social ontology, and communication theory.
See Human and Social constructionism
Social group
In the social sciences, a social group is defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity.
Social mobility
Social mobility is the movement of individuals, families, households or other categories of people within or between social strata in a society.
Social norm
Social norms are shared standards of acceptable behavior by groups.
Social privilege
Social privilege is an advantage or entitlement that benefits individuals belonging to certain groups, often to the detriment of others.
See Human and Social privilege
Social relation
A social relation is the fundamental unit of analysis within the social sciences, and describes any voluntary or involuntary interpersonal relationship between two or more individuals within and/or between groups.
Social science
Social science is one of the branches of science, devoted to the study of societies and the relationships among individuals within those societies.
Social status
Social status is the relative level of social value a person is considered to possess.
Social stratification
Social stratification refers to a society's categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power (social and political).
See Human and Social stratification
Social structure
In the social sciences, social structure is the aggregate of patterned social arrangements in society that are both emergent from and determinant of the actions of individuals.
See Human and Social structure
Sociality
Sociality is the degree to which individuals in an animal population tend to associate in social groups (gregariousness) and form cooperative societies.
Socialization
In sociology, socialization (Modern English; or socialisation - see spelling differences) is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society.
Society
A society is a group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction or a large social group sharing the same spatial or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations. Human and society are humans.
Sociocultural evolution
Sociocultural evolution, sociocultural evolutionism or social evolution are theories of sociobiology and cultural evolution that describe how societies and culture change over time.
See Human and Sociocultural evolution
Somatic cell
In cellular biology, a somatic cell, or vegetal cell, is any biological cell forming the body of a multicellular organism other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell.
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
Southern Dispersal
In the context of the recent African origin of modern humans, the Southern Dispersal scenario (also the coastal migration or great coastal migration) refers to the early migration along the southern coast of Asia, from the Arabian Peninsula via Persia and India to Southeast Asia and Oceania.
See Human and Southern Dispersal
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
Space Race
The Space Race (Космическая гонка) was a 20th-century competition between two Cold War rivals, the United States and the Soviet Union, to achieve superior spaceflight capability.
Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See Human and Spanish language
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Speech
Speech is the use of the human voice as a medium for language.
See Human and Speech
Spice trade
The spice trade involved historical civilizations in Asia, Northeast Africa and Europe.
Spirituality
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other.
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
See Human and Springer Science+Business Media
Starvation
Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life.
State (polity)
A state is a political entity that regulates society and the population within a territory.
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon with improved strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron.
See Human and Steel
Stroke volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat.
Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa, Subsahara, or Non-Mediterranean Africa is the area and regions of the continent of Africa that lie south of the Sahara.
See Human and Sub-Saharan Africa
Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
The distinction between subjectivity and objectivity is a basic idea of philosophy, particularly epistemology and metaphysics.
See Human and Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy)
Subsistence economy
A subsistence economy is an economy directed to basic subsistence, the provision of food, clothing, shelter rather than to the market.
See Human and Subsistence economy
Subspecies
In biological classification, subspecies (subspecies) is a rank below species, used for populations that live in different areas and vary in size, shape, or other physical characteristics (morphology), but that can successfully interbreed.
Sudanian savanna
The Sudanian savanna or Sudan region is a broad belt of tropical savanna that runs east and west across the African continent, from the Ethiopian Highlands in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
See Human and Sudanian savanna
Suffering
Suffering, or pain in a broad sense, may be an experience of unpleasantness or aversion, possibly associated with the perception of harm or threat of harm in an individual.
Sumatran orangutan
The Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is one of the three species of orangutans.
See Human and Sumatran orangutan
Sumer
Sumer is the earliest known civilization, located in the historical region of southern Mesopotamia (now south-central Iraq), emerging during the Chalcolithic and early Bronze Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC.
See Human and Sumer
Sunlight
Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light.
Supernatural
Supernatural refers to phenomena or entities that are beyond the laws of nature.
Superpower
Superpower describes a sovereign state or supranational union that holds a dominant position characterized by the ability to exert influence and project power on a global scale.
Sweat gland
Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands,, are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
Systema Naturae
(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.
Tapanuli orangutan
The Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) is a species of orangutan restricted to South Tapanuli in the island of Sumatra in Indonesia.
See Human and Tapanuli orangutan
Taylor & Francis
Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.
See Human and Taylor & Francis
Technological change
Technological change (TC) or technological development is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.
See Human and Technological change
Technology
Technology is the application of conceptual knowledge to achieve practical goals, especially in a reproducible way.
Television
Television (TV) is a telecommunication medium for transmitting moving images and sound.
Temperament
In psychology, temperament broadly refers to consistent individual differences in behavior that are biologically based and are relatively independent of learning, system of values and attitudes.
Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and historically known as Siam (the official name until 1939), is a country in Southeast Asia on the Indochinese Peninsula.
Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson (sometimes T&H for brevity) is a publisher of illustrated books in all visually creative categories: art, architecture, design, photography, fashion, film, and the performing arts.
The arts and politics
A strong relationship between the arts and politics, particularly between various kinds of art and power, occurs across historical epochs and cultures.
See Human and The arts and politics
The Economist Democracy Index
The Democracy Index published by the Economist Group is an index measuring the quality of democracy across the world.
See Human and The Economist Democracy Index
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Human and The World Factbook
Theatre
Theatre or theater is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers, usually actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage.
Theism
Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity.
See Human and Theism
Theory of mind
In psychology, theory of mind refers to the capacity to understand other people by ascribing mental states to them.
Third gender
Third gender is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves or by society, as neither a man or woman.
Third World
The term "Third World" arose during the Cold War to define countries that remained non-aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact.
Thought
In their most common sense, the terms thought and thinking refer to cognitive processes that can happen independently of sensory stimulation.
Throwing
Throwing is a physical action which consists of mechanically accelerating a projectile and then releasing it into a ballistic trajectory, usually with the aim of impacting a distant target.
Thumb
The thumb is the first digit of the hand, next to the index finger.
See Human and Thumb
Tianjin
Tianjin is a municipality and metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea.
Tokyo
Tokyo (東京), officially the Tokyo Metropolis (label), is the capital of Japan and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of over 14 million residents as of 2023 and the second-most-populated capital in the world.
See Human and Tokyo
Tool
A tool is an object that can extend an individual's ability to modify features of the surrounding environment or help them accomplish a particular task.
See Human and Tool
Tradition
A tradition is a system of beliefs or behaviors (folk custom) passed down within a group of people or society with symbolic meaning or special significance with origins in the past.
Transcendence (religion)
In religion, transcendence is the aspect of existence that is completely independent of the material universe, beyond all known physical laws.
See Human and Transcendence (religion)
Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are dense and warm rainforests with high rainfall typically found between 10° north and south of the Equator.
See Human and Tropical rainforest
Tuʻi Tonga Empire
The Tui Tonga Empire, or Tongan Empire, are descriptions sometimes given to Tongan expansionism and projected hegemony in Oceania which began around 950 CE, reaching its peak during the period 1200–1500.
See Human and Tuʻi Tonga Empire
Twin
Twins are two offspring produced by the same pregnancy.
See Human and Twin
Ultimate fate of the universe
The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.
See Human and Ultimate fate of the universe
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Uncrewed spacecraft
Uncrewed spacecraft or robotic spacecraft are spacecraft without people on board.
See Human and Uncrewed spacecraft
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Human and United Nations Development Programme
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
United States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the United States government tasked with the enforcement of federal law and administration of justice in the United States.
See Human and United States Department of Justice
Universe
The universe is all of space and time and their contents.
University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Human and University of Chicago
University of Missouri School of Medicine
The University of Missouri School of Medicine (also called University of Missouri-Columbia School of Medicine or MU School of Medicine) is located in the southern part of the University of Missouri campus in Columbia, Missouri.
See Human and University of Missouri School of Medicine
University of Otago
The University of Otago (Ōtākou Whakaihu Waka) is a public research collegiate university based in Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
See Human and University of Otago
University of Trento
The University of Trento (Italian: Università degli Studi di Trento) is an Italian university located in Trento and nearby Rovereto.
See Human and University of Trento
University of Waikato
The University of Waikato (Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato), established in 1964, is a public research university located in Hamilton, New Zealand.
See Human and University of Waikato
Upper Paleolithic
The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
See Human and Upper Paleolithic
Urban planning
Urban planning, also known as town planning, city planning, regional planning, or rural planning in specific contexts, is a technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks, and their accessibility.
Urban revolution
In anthropology and archaeology, the urban revolution is the process by which small, kin-based, illiterate agricultural villages were transformed into large, socially complex, urban societies.
See Human and Urban revolution
Urdu
Urdu (اُردُو) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken chiefly in South Asia.
See Human and Urdu
Value (ethics and social sciences)
In ethics and social sciences, value denotes the degree of importance of some thing or action, with the aim of determining which actions are best to do or what way is best to live (normative ethics in ethics), or to describe the significance of different actions.
See Human and Value (ethics and social sciences)
Vanderbilt University Law School
Vanderbilt University Law School (also known as VLS) is the law school of Vanderbilt University.
See Human and Vanderbilt University Law School
Veganism
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products—particularly in diet—and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.
Vegetative state
A vegetative state (VS) or post-coma unresponsiveness (PCU) is a disorder of consciousness in which patients with severe brain damage are in a state of partial arousal rather than true awareness.
See Human and Vegetative state
Vellus hair
Vellus hair is short, thin, light-colored, and barely noticeable hair that develops on most of a human's body during childhood.
Vestigiality
Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.
Video games as an art form
The concept of video games as a form of art is a commonly debated topic within the entertainment industry.
See Human and Video games as an art form
Violence
Violence is the use of physical force to cause harm to people, or non-human life, such as pain, injury, death, damage, or destruction.
Visual arts
The visual arts are art forms such as painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics, photography, video, filmmaking, comics, design, crafts, and architecture.
Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects.
Vocal learning
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations.
Volition (psychology)
Volition, also known as will or conation, is the cognitive process by which an individual decides on and commits to a particular course of action.
See Human and Volition (psychology)
Vulnerability
Vulnerability refers to "the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally." The understanding of social and environmental vulnerability, as a methodological approach, involves the analysis of the risks and assets of disadvantaged groups, such as the elderly.
W. W. Norton & Company
W.
See Human and W. W. Norton & Company
War
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups.
See Human and War
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Human and Water
Water resources
Water resources are natural resources of water that are potentially useful for humans, for example as a source of drinking water supply or irrigation water.
Watercraft
A watercraft or waterborne vessel is any vehicle designed for travel across or through water bodies, such as a boat, ship, hovercraft, submersible or submarine.
Wealth
Wealth is the abundance of valuable financial assets or physical possessions which can be converted into a form that can be used for transactions.
See Human and Wealth
Webster's Dictionary
Webster's Dictionary is any of the English language dictionaries edited in the early 19th century by Noah Webster (1758–1843), an American lexicographer, as well as numerous related or unrelated dictionaries that have adopted the Webster's name in his honor.
See Human and Webster's Dictionary
West Africa
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Western gorilla
The western gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) is a great ape found in Africa, one of two species of the hominid genus Gorilla.
Westerville City School District
Westerville City Schools serves Westerville, Minerva Park, Blendon Township, portions of Columbus, and other nearby rural areas.
See Human and Westerville City School District
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Human and Wiley (publisher)
Wisdom tooth
The third molar, commonly called wisdom tooth, is the most posterior of the three molars in each quadrant of the human dentition.
Woman
A woman is an adult female human.
See Human and Woman
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for international public health.
See Human and World Health Organization
World population
In world demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living.
See Human and World population
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
World War II by country
Almost every country in the world participated in World War II.
See Human and World War II by country
XY sex-determination system
The XY sex-determination system is a sex-determination system used to classify many mammals, including humans, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, some fish (guppies), and some plants (Ginkgo tree).
See Human and XY sex-determination system
Year
A year is the time taken for astronomical objects to complete one orbit.
See Human and Year
10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.
See Human and 10th edition of Systema Naturae
4.2-kiloyear event
The 4.2-kiloyear (thousand years) BP aridification event (long-term drought), also known as the 4.2 ka event, was one of the most severe climatic events of the Holocene epoch.
See Human and 4.2-kiloyear event
4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 BC to 3001 BC.
See Human and 4th millennium BC
See also
Cosmopolitan mammals
- Blue whale
- Bottlenose dolphin
- Brown rat
- Cat
- Cattle
- Common bottlenose dolphin
- Dog
- False killer whale
- Fin whale
- Fraser's dolphin
- House mouse
- Human
- Humans
- Humpback whale
- Japanese house mouse
- Laboratory mouse
- Orca
- Pilot whale
- Pygmy killer whale
- Pygmy sperm whale
- Rabbit
- Risso's dolphin
- Rough-toothed dolphin
- Sheep
- Sperm whale
- Striped dolphin
Hominini
- Australopithecine
- Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor
- Hominina
- Hominini
- Homo habilis
- Homo luzonensis
- Homo rudolfensis
- Human
- Human hybrids
- Humans
- Kenyanthropus
- Orrorin
- Pan (genus)
- Panina
- Předmostí u Přerova (archaeological site)
Humans
- Anthropology
- Early modern human
- Endurance
- Homo
- Homo narrans
- Human
- Human behavior
- Human biology
- Human body
- Human condition
- Human development
- Human extinction
- Human geography
- Human impact on the environment
- Human names
- Human nature
- Human reproduction
- Human variability
- Humanities
- Intersex (biology)
- Man (word)
- Names for the human species
- People
- Person
- Personhood
- Safety
- Self
- Sex differences in humans
- Society
- The Human Use of Human Beings
Tool-using mammals
- American badger
- Australopithecus afarensis
- Bonobo
- Bottlenose dolphin
- Brown weeper capuchin
- Capuchin monkey
- Chimpanzee
- Colombian white-faced capuchin
- Common bottlenose dolphin
- Common degu
- Crab-eating macaque
- Early modern human
- Elephant
- Homo erectus
- Honey badger
- Human
- Humans
- Japanese macaque
- Macaque
- Mandrill
- Neanderthals in Southwest Asia
- Orangutan
- Otter
- Pan (genus)
- Panamanian white-faced capuchin
- Primate archaeology
- Sea otter
- Tool use by sea otters
- Tufted capuchin
- Western lowland gorilla
- White-fronted capuchin
References
Also known as A human, Alternative views on the origin of mankind, Anatomically Modern Humans, Early Homo sapiens, H Sapiens, H. Sapiens, H. sapien, Homo Sapien, Homo Sapiens, Homo sapein, Homo sapian, Homo sapiens (Middle Paleolithic), HomoSapiens, Homosapian, Huamn, Human Being, Human Beings, Human Origins, Human habitat, Human habitat and population, Human kind, Human specie, Human species, Humankind, Humans, Humans as primates, Humxn, Man (anthropology and biology), Man (species), Mankind, Modern Human, Modern homo sapiens, Modern humans, Peoplekind, Species 5618, Terran (Homo Sapien), The human race, Theories of the origin of humans.
, Artificial intelligence, Artistic inspiration, Assembly line, Assisted reproductive technology, Astronomical object, Astronomy, Atlantic slave trade, Attachment theory, Australia, Australopithecine, Australopithecus, Authoritarianism, Autonomic nervous system, Autosome, Awareness, Axiology, Aztecs, Babylonia, Balance of power (international relations), Band society, Bangalore, Bangkok, Banknote, Barter, BBC, BBC News, Behavior, Behavioral modernity, Beijing, Belief, Bengali language, Billion, Biogeographic realm, Biology, Biology and sexual orientation, Biomass (ecology), Bipedalism, Black Death, Black hair, Blond, Blood type, Body plan, Body shape, Bogotá, Bonobo, Bornean orangutan, Braille, Brain, Brazil, British Empire, Brown hair, Bubonic plague, Buddhism, Buenos Aires, Caesarean section, Cairo, Calorie, Canine tooth, Car, Caral–Supe civilization, Cardiac output, Carl Linnaeus, Carnivore, Catholic Church, Côte d'Ivoire, Cengage Group, Centenarian, Central African Republic, Central Intelligence Agency, Central nervous system, Chalcolithic, Chemistry, Chennai, Chibanian, Child, Childbirth, Chimpanzee, Chimpanzee–human last common ancestor, Chongqing, Christendom, Christianity, Christians, Chromosome, Chromosome 2, City-state, Civilization, Clarice Weinberg, Classical antiquity, Climate change, Climate variability and change, Cline (biology), Clothing, CNN, Cognition, Cognitive flexibility, Cognitive psychology, Coin, Cold War, Colonialism, Columbian exchange, Combined oral contraceptive pill, Commodity money, Compass, Computer, Consanguinity, Contentment, Control of fire by early humans, Cooking, Corporation, Cosmopolitan distribution, Cowrie, Cradle of civilization, Creativity, Crime, Crusades, Culinary arts, Cultural universal, Culture, Cuneiform, Curiosity, Current Biology, Dairy farming, Dance, Dark skin, De Gruyter, Death, Deep sea, Definition of religion, Deforestation, Deism, Delhi, Democracy, Denisovan, Dentition, Dependent clause, Depression (mood), Desert, Desertification, Developed country, Developing country, Development of the human body, Developmental psychology, Dhaka, Dictionary.com, Diet (nutrition), Digestion, Digital currency, Directional selection, Disease, Disease burden, Displacement (linguistics), Disposition, Distribution (mathematics), Diurnality, Divinity, DNA, Domestication, Dopamine, Drama, Duty, Early modern human, Early modern period, Earth, Easter Island, Eastern gorilla, Economic inequality, Economist Intelligence Unit, Economy, Edo period, Electricity generation, Emotional intelligence, Emotional intimacy, Empirical research, Energy development, English language, Entrainment (biomusicology), Environmental degradation, Epic of Gilgamesh, Epidemiology of obesity, Epistemology, Eroticism, Eschatology, Ethics, Ethics in religion, Ethiopia, Ethnicity, Eukaryote, Euphoria, Eurasia, European colonization of the Americas, Evolutionary origin of religion, Evolutionary pressure, Evolutionary psychology of religion, Existence, Experience, Exploration of the Moon, Extinct language, Eye color, Face, Fall of Constantinople, Fall of the Western Roman Empire, Family, Fashion design, Feeling, Femininity, Fertilizer, Fetus, Fiction, Fictive kinship, Fiji, Film, Folk music, Folk religion, Food science, Forging, Formal science, Formal system, Fossil fuel, Freediving, French language, Frontiers Media, Function (biology), Game (hunting), Gamete, Gender binary, Gender identity, Gender role, Gene, Genetic disorder, Genetic marker, Genetics, Genocide of indigenous peoples, Genome, Genome Research, Genus, Gestation, Gibbon, Gift economy, Globalization, Godparent, Golden age (metaphor), Gonochorism, Gorilla, Gorillini, Grandmother hypothesis, Great Depression, Great Pyramid of Giza, Greek Dark Ages, Green Revolution, Greying of hair, Guangzhou, Gunpowder, Gupta Empire, Habitat, Hair, Hair follicle, Han dynasty, Happiness, Hawaiian Islands, Hearing, Heart, Heart rate, Heat exhaustion, Hellenistic period, Heterosexuality, High-altitude adaptation in humans, Higher-order theories of consciousness, Hindi, Hinduism, Hindus, Historiography, History, History of agriculture, History of science, History of technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, Holocene, Holocene extinction, Holy Land, Holy Roman Empire, Hominidae, Homininae, Hominini, Homo, Homo erectus, Homo ergaster, Homo habilis, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo rhodesiensis, Homo rudolfensis, Homology (biology), Homosexual behavior in animals, Homosexuality, Hong Kong, Human behavior, Human body, Human body weight, Human brain, Human food, Human genetic variation, Human genome, Human hair color, Human height, Human history, Human impact on the environment, Human intelligence, Human presence in space, Human reproduction, Human settlement, Human sexual response cycle, Human skin color, Human tooth, Humidity, Hunter-gatherer, Hunting, Hybrid (biology), Hybrid regime, Identity (social science), Imagination, Imaging, Immanence, Inca Empire, Incentive, Incest taboo, India, Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Indus Valley Civilisation, Industrial Revolution, Industry (economics), Infant, Infant mortality, Infanticide (zoology), Infertility, Information Age, Inheritance, Inside Indonesia, Insomnia, Institution, Intelligence, Intelligence quotient, Interbreeding between archaic and modern humans, Interest (emotion), Internal combustion engine, Internal fertilization, International HapMap Project, International organization, International Space Station, Internet, Intersex, Introspection, Iron Age, Irreligion, Irrigation, Islam, Islamic Golden Age, Istanbul, Jakarta, Johnson Space Center, Jones & Bartlett Learning, Journal of Molecular Evolution, Joy, Judaism, Karachi, Kingdom of Aksum, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of France, Kingdom of Kush, Kinshasa, Knowledge, Knowledge transfer, Kolkata, Labor induction, Lactase persistence, Lactation, Lactose, Lagos, Lahore, Language, Late Bronze Age collapse, Late modern period, Late Pleistocene, Latin, Law, LD 350-1, Level of analysis, Libido, Life expectancy, Life satisfaction, Light skin, Lima, Lineage (evolution), List of Chinese inventions, List of forms of government, List of human evolution fossils, List of largest cities, List of largest empires, List of Latin phrases (S), List of national legal systems, Literature, Loanword, Logic, London, Long Beach, California, Los Angeles, Low birth weight, Lucid dream, Madagascar, Malaria, Mali Empire, Malnutrition, Man, Man (word), Mandarin Chinese, Manila, Marriage, Masculinity, Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Masturbation, Maternal death, Mathematics, Maya calendar, Maya civilization, Mechanics, Medicine, Melanin, Member states of the United Nations, Menopause, Mesoamerica, Mesopotamia, Metacognition, Metaphysics, Mexico City, Middle Ages, Middle English, Middle Paleolithic, Military, Milk, Mind, Minoan civilization, Miocene, Mirror test, Mississippian culture, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve, Modern Standard Arabic, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Money, Mongol Empire, Monism, Monogamy, Monotheism, Mood (psychology), Moral development, Morality, Morphology (biology), Moscow, Mughal Empire, Mumbai, Murder, Music, Music genre, Muslim world, Muslims, Myth, Naïve physics, Napoleonic Wars, NASA, Nation, Nation state, Natural childbirth, Natural disaster, Natural environment, Natural resource, Natural science, Natural selection, Nature (journal), Neanderthal, Neanderthal extinction, Neolithic Revolution, Neontology, Neoteny, Neurophysiology, Neuroscience, New Jersey, New Scientist, New World, New York City, New Zealand, Newark, New Jersey, Newsweek, Nomad, Non-binary gender, Norepinephrine, North Africa, Nuclear arms race, Nuclear fission, Nucleotide diversity, Numerical cognition, Obesity, Obsidian, Obstetrical dilemma, Oceania, Octave, Old age, Old French, Old World, Omnivore, Orangutan, Orbitofrontal cortex, Organ system, Osaka, Ottoman Empire, Outer space, Overconsumption (economics), Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Painting, Palate, Pan (genus), Panina, Pantheism, Paper, Papua New Guinea, Paris, Peer group, Pelvis, Penicillin, Perception, Performing arts, Peripheral nervous system, Person, Personality psychology, Personhood, Phenomenon, Phenotype, Philosophical logic, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, Philosophy, Phoneme, Physical intimacy, Physics, Physiology, Plant breeding, Pleasure, Ploidy, Poetry, Policy, Pollution, Polyandry, Polygyny, Polytheism, Pongidae, Ponginae, Pons, Population bottleneck, Population growth, Portuguese language, Poverty Point culture, Power (social and political), Practice theory, Precociality and altriciality, Preference, Prefrontal cortex, Pregnancy, Prehistory, Primate, Printing press, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Prose, Pseudoscience, Psychologist, Psychology, Puberty, Qing dynasty, Quality of life, Quaternary International, Race (human categorization), Radio, Rail transport, Rapid eye movement sleep, Realisation (metrology), Reason, Recent African origin of modern humans, Reciprocal determinism, Red hair, Religion, Religious cosmology, Renaissance, Reputation, Research stations in Antarctica, Respiration (physiology), Reward system, Rights, Rio de Janeiro, Ritual, Rocket, Roman Empire, Russia, Russian language, Sacredness, Sadness, Sage Publishing, Sahel, Sama-Bajau, Santa Ana, California, São Paulo, Science, Science (journal), Science and technology of the Han dynasty, ScienceDaily, Scientific American, Scientific law, Scientific method, Scientific Revolution, Scramble for Africa, Sculpture, Second Industrial Revolution, Secondary sex characteristic, Self-awareness, Semiconductor, Senegambia, Sense, Sense of smell, Sentience, Serotonin, Sex, Sex differences in humans, Sex-determination system, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual intercourse, Sexual maturity, Sexual orientation, Shang dynasty, Shanghai, Sheep, Shenzhen, Sickle cell disease, Sign language, Sikhism, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Skull, Skyscraper, Sleep, Sleep deprivation, Slum, Smelting, Social, Social behavior, Social constructionism, Social group, Social mobility, Social norm, Social privilege, Social relation, Social science, Social status, Social stratification, Social structure, Sociality, Socialization, Society, Sociocultural evolution, Somatic cell, South Africa, Southern Dispersal, Soviet Union, Space Race, Spanish language, Species, Speech, Spice trade, Spirituality, Springer Science+Business Media, Starvation, State (polity), Steel, Stroke volume, Sub-Saharan Africa, Subjectivity and objectivity (philosophy), Subsistence economy, Subspecies, Sudanian savanna, Suffering, Sumatran orangutan, Sumer, Sunlight, Supernatural, Superpower, Sweat gland, Systema Naturae, Tapanuli orangutan, Taylor & Francis, Technological change, Technology, Television, Temperament, Thailand, Thames & Hudson, The arts and politics, The Economist Democracy Index, The World Factbook, Theatre, Theism, Theory of mind, Third gender, Third World, Thought, Throwing, Thumb, Tianjin, Tokyo, Tool, Tradition, Transcendence (religion), Tropical rainforest, Tuʻi Tonga Empire, Twin, Ultimate fate of the universe, Ultraviolet, Uncrewed spacecraft, United Nations, United Nations Development Programme, United States, United States Department of Justice, Universe, University of Chicago, University of Missouri School of Medicine, University of Otago, University of Trento, University of Waikato, Upper Paleolithic, Urban planning, Urban revolution, Urdu, Value (ethics and social sciences), Vanderbilt University Law School, Veganism, Vegetative state, Vellus hair, Vestigiality, Video games as an art form, Violence, Visual arts, Vitamin D, Vocal learning, Volition (psychology), Vulnerability, W. W. Norton & Company, War, Water, Water resources, Watercraft, Wealth, Webster's Dictionary, West Africa, West Asia, Western gorilla, Westerville City School District, Wiley (publisher), Wisdom tooth, Woman, World Bank, World Health Organization, World population, World War I, World War II, World War II by country, XY sex-determination system, Year, 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 4.2-kiloyear event, 4th millennium BC.