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84 relations: Alexandru Roman, Alveolar process, Amphibian, Anatomical terms of location, Angle of the mandible, Angular bone, Articular bone, Bone, Book of Judges, Branchial arch, Buccinator muscle, Canine tooth, Cartilage, Chewing, Chondrichthyes, Condyloid process, Coronoid process of the mandible, Dental alveolus, Depressor anguli oris muscle, Depressor labii inferioris muscle, Digastric muscle, Face, Facial artery, Fibrocartilage, Fracture, Genioglossus, Geniohyoid muscle, Homology (biology), Incisor, Incus, Inferior alveolar artery, Inferior alveolar nerve, Injury, Jaw, Latin, Lingula of mandible, Malleus, Mandibular canal, Mandibular foramen, Mandibular symphysis, Masseteric artery, Maxilla, Meckel's cartilage, Medial pterygoid muscle, Mental foramen, Mental protuberance, Mentalis, Mesoderm, Molar (tooth), Mylohyoid groove, ..., Mylohyoid line, Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Orbicularis oris muscle, Ossification, Parotid gland, Pharyngeal arch, Philistines, Platysma muscle, Pterygomandibular raphe, Quadrate bone, Reptile, Salamander, Samson, Sarcopterygii, Shark, Simian shelf, Skull, Sphenomandibular ligament, Splenial, Sturgeon, Stylomandibular ligament, Sublingual gland, Submandibular gland, Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, Suprangular, Symphysis, Teleost, Temporal bone, Temporal muscle, Temporomandibular joint, Tetrapod, Therapsid, Tooth, Trigeminal nerve. Expand index (34 more) »
Alexandru Roman
Alexandru Roman (November 26, 1826–September 27, 1897) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian cultural figure and journalist, as well as a founding member of the Romanian Academy.
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Alveolar process
The alveolar process (alveolar bone) is the thickened ridge of bone that contains the tooth sockets (dental alveoli) on bones that hold teeth. In humans, the tooth-bearing bones are the maxillae and the mandible.Ten Cate's Oral Histology, Nanci, Elsevier, 2013, page 219.
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Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.
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Anatomical terms of location
Standard anatomical terms of location deal unambiguously with the anatomy of animals, including humans.
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Angle of the mandible
The angle of the mandible (gonial angle) is located at the posterior border at the junction of the lower border of the ramus of the mandible.
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Angular bone
The angular is a large bone in the lower jaw (mandible) of amphibians and reptiles (birds included), which is connected to all other lower jaw bones: the dentary (which is the entire lower jaw in mammals), the splenial, the suprangular, and the articular.
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Articular bone
The articular bone is part of the lower jaw of most vertebrates, including most jawed fish, amphibians, birds and various kinds of reptiles, as well as Stem-mammal.
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Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
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Book of Judges
The Book of Judges (Hebrew: Sefer Shoftim ספר שופטים) is the seventh book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.
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Branchial arch
Branchial arches, or gill arches, are a series of bony "loops" present in fish, which support the gills.
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Buccinator muscle
The buccinator is a thin quadrilateral muscle occupying the interval between the maxilla and the mandible at the side of the face.
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Canine tooth
In mammalian oral anatomy, the canine teeth, also called cuspids, dog teeth, fangs, or (in the case of those of the upper jaw) eye teeth, are relatively long, pointed teeth.
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Cartilage
Cartilage is a resilient and smooth elastic tissue, a rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of long bones at the joints, and is a structural component of the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the bronchial tubes, the intervertebral discs, and many other body components.
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Chewing
Chewing or mastication is the process by which food is crushed and ground by teeth.
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Chondrichthyes
Chondrichthyes (from Greek χονδρ- chondr- 'cartilage', ἰχθύς ichthys 'fish') is a class that contains the cartilaginous fishes: they are jawed vertebrates with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a heart with its chambers in series, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone.
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Condyloid process
The condyloid process or condylar process is the process on the human mandible and some other species' mandibles that ends in a condyle, the mandibular condyle.
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Coronoid process of the mandible
The mandible's coronoid process (from Greek korone, "like a crown") is a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size.
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Dental alveolus
Dental alveoli (singular alveolus) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process with the periodontal ligament.
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Depressor anguli oris muscle
The depressor anguli oris (triangularis) is a facial muscle associated with frowning.
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Depressor labii inferioris muscle
The depressor labii inferioris (or quadratus labii inferioris) is a facial muscle that helps lower the bottom lip.
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Digastric muscle
The digastric muscle (also digastricus) (named digastric as it has two 'bellies') is a small muscle located under the jaw.
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Face
The face is a central body region of sense and is also very central in the expression of emotion among humans and among numerous other species.
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Facial artery
The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face.
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Fibrocartilage
White fibrocartilage consists of a mixture of white fibrous tissue and cartilaginous tissue in various proportions.
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Fracture
A fracture is the separation of an object or material into two or more pieces under the action of stress.
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Genioglossus
The genioglossus is one of the paired extrinsic muscles of the tongue.
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Geniohyoid muscle
The geniohyoid muscle is a narrow muscle situated superior to the medial border of the mylohyoid muscle.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Incisor
Incisors (from Latin incidere, "to cut") are the front teeth present in most mammals.
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Incus
The anvil or incus is a bone in the middle ear.
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Inferior alveolar artery
The inferior alveolar artery (inferior dental artery) is an artery of the face.
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Inferior alveolar nerve
The inferior alveolar nerve (sometimes called the inferior dental nerve) is a branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch of the trigeminal nerve.
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Injury
Injury, also known as physical trauma, is damage to the body caused by external force.
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Jaw
The jaw is any opposable articulated structure at the entrance of the mouth, typically used for grasping and manipulating food.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lingula of mandible
The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula of the mandible which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve.
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Malleus
The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone or ossicle of the middle ear which connects with the incus and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum.
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Mandibular canal
In human anatomy, the mandibular canal is a canal within the mandible that contains the inferior alveolar nerve, inferior alveolar artery, and inferior alveolar vein.
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Mandibular foramen
The mandibular foramen is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus of the mandible for divisions of the mandibular nerve and blood vessels to pass through.
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Mandibular symphysis
In the facial skeleton of the skull the external surface of the mandible is marked in the median line by a faint ridge, indicating the mandibular symphysis, or symphysis menti, or line of junction where the two lateral halves of the mandible fused at an early period of life.
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Masseteric artery
The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies.
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Maxilla
The maxilla (plural: maxillae) in animals is the upper jawbone formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones.
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Meckel's cartilage
In humans, the cartilaginous bar of the mandibular arch is formed by what are known as Meckel’s cartilages (right and left) also known as Meckelian cartilages; above this the incus and malleus are developed.
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Medial pterygoid muscle
The medial pterygoid (or internal pterygoid muscle), is a thick, quadrilateral muscle of mastication.
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Mental foramen
The mental foramen is one of two foramina (openings) located on the anterior surface of the mandible.
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Mental protuberance
The symphysis of the external surface of the mandible divides below and encloses a triangular eminence, the mental protuberance, the base of which is depressed in the center but raised on either side to form the mental tubercle.
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Mentalis
The mentalis is a paired central muscle of the lower lip, situated at the tip of the chin.
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Mesoderm
In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Molar (tooth)
The molars or molar teeth are large, flat teeth at the back of the mouth.
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Mylohyoid groove
The margin of the mandibular foramen is irregular; it presents in front a prominent ridge, surmounted by a sharp spine, the lingula mandibulæ, which gives attachment to the sphenomandibular ligament; at its lower and back part is a notch from which the mylohyoid groove runs obliquely downward and forward, and lodges the mylohyoid vessels and nerve.
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Mylohyoid line
The mylohyoid line is a line on the inside of the mandible.
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Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMS or OMFS) specializes in treating many diseases, injuries and defects in the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral (mouth) and maxillofacial (jaws and face) region.
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Orbicularis oris muscle
In human anatomy, the orbicularis oris muscle is a complex of muscles in the lips that encircles the mouth.
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Ossification
Ossification (or osteogenesis) in bone remodeling is the process of laying down new bone material by cells called osteoblasts.
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Parotid gland
The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals.
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Pharyngeal arch
The pharyngeal arches —also known as visceral arches—are structures seen in the embryonic development of vertebrates that are recognisable precursors for many structures.
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Philistines
The Philistines were an ancient people known for their conflict with the Israelites described in the Bible.
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Platysma muscle
The platysma is a superficial muscle that overlaps the sternocleidomastoid.
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Pterygomandibular raphe
The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia, attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible.
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Quadrate bone
The quadrate bone is part of a skull in most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids (reptiles, birds), and early synapsids.
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Reptile
Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.
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Salamander
Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by a lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults.
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Samson
Samson (Shimshon, "man of the sun") was the last of the judges of the ancient Israelites mentioned in the Book of Judges in the Hebrew Bible (chapters 13 to 16) and one of the last of the leaders who "judged" Israel before the institution of the monarchy.
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Sarcopterygii
The Sarcopterygii or lobe-finned fish (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh, and πτερυξ pteryx, fin) – sometimes considered synonymous with Crossopterygii ("fringe-finned fish", from Greek κροσσός krossos, fringe) – constitute a clade (traditionally a class or subclass) of the bony fish, though a strict cladistic view includes the terrestrial vertebrates.
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Shark
Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.
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Simian shelf
The simian shelf is a bony thickening on the front of the ape mandible.
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Skull
The skull is a bony structure that forms the head in vertebrates.
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Sphenomandibular ligament
The sphenomandibular ligament (internal lateral ligament) is a flat, thin band which is attached superiorly to the spina angularis (spine) of the sphenoid bone, and, becoming broader as it descends, is fixed to the lingula of the mandibular foramen.
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Splenial
The splenial is a small bone in the lower jaw of reptiles, amphibians and birds, usually located on the lingual side (closest to the tongue) between the angular and suprangular.
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Sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name for the 27 species of fish belonging to the family Acipenseridae.
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Stylomandibular ligament
The stylomandibular ligament is the thickened posterior portion of the investing cervical fascia, which extends from near the apex of the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle and posterior border of the angle of the mandible, between the masseter and medial pterygoid.
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Sublingual gland
The paired sublingual glands are major salivary glands in the mouth.
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Submandibular gland
The paired submandibular glands (historically known as submaxillary glands) are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth.
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Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a muscle in the pharynx.
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Suprangular
The suprangular or surangular is a jaw bone found in most land vertebrates, except mammals.
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Symphysis
A symphysis is a fibrocartilaginous fusion between two bones.
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Teleost
The teleosts or Teleostei (Greek: teleios, "complete" + osteon, "bone") are by far the largest infraclass in the class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes, and make up 96% of all extant species of fish.
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Temporal bone
The temporal bones are situated at the sides and base of the skull, and lateral to the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
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Temporal muscle
The temporal muscle, also known as the temporalis, is one of the muscles of mastication.
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Temporomandibular joint
The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull.
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Tetrapod
The superclass Tetrapoda (from Greek: τετρα- "four" and πούς "foot") contains the four-limbed vertebrates known as tetrapods; it includes living and extinct amphibians, reptiles (including dinosaurs, and its subgroup birds) and mammals (including primates, and all hominid subgroups including humans), as well as earlier extinct groups.
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Therapsid
Therapsida is a group of synapsids that includes mammals and their ancestors.
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Tooth
A tooth (plural teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
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Trigeminal nerve
The trigeminal nerve (the fifth cranial nerve, or simply CN V) is a nerve responsible for sensation in the face and motor functions such as biting and chewing; it is the largest of the cranial nerves.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandible
