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Tropical cyclone

Index Tropical cyclone

A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain. [1]

344 relations: AAI Aerosonde, ABC-CLIO, Absolute angular momentum, Acid, Advection, African easterly jet, Alexandria, Virginia, Allen Press, American Meteorological Society, Andrea Gail, Anemometer, Angular momentum, Anticyclone, Arabian Sea, Arabic, Atlantic hurricane, Atlantic hurricane season, Atlantic multidecadal oscillation, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Atmospheric convection, Atmospheric sounding, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Australian region tropical cyclone, Azores High, Bangladesh, Banqiao Dam, Baroclinity, Bay of Bengal, Beaufort scale, Bestseller, Beta plane, Brazil, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, Bureau of Meteorology, Burn Notice, Canadian Hurricane Centre, Cantonese, Cape Cod, Carnot heat engine, Catastrophe modeling, Central America, Central dense overcast, Central Pacific Hurricane Center, China, Cirrus cloud, Clement Lindley Wragge, Climate, Climate oscillation, Clockwise, ..., Cloud, Cloud seeding, Columbia University, Comma, Condensation, Contour line, Convective available potential energy, Coriolis force, Coriolis frequency, CSI: Miami (season 2), Cyclone, Cyclone Agni, Cyclone Gafilo, Cyclone Olivia, Cyclone Rewa, Cyclonic rotation, Dawson's Creek, Dictionary.com, Dimensionless quantity, Dropsonde, Drought, Earth, Earth's rotation, Eastern Visayas, Effects of global warming, El Niño, Electronic game, Emergency management, Emergency shelter, Energetics, Energy development, Enthalpy, Enthalpy of vaporization, Equator, Estuary, European windstorm, Extratropical cyclone, Eye (cyclone), Eyewall replacement cycle, Federal government of the United States, Fetch (geography), Fiction, Fiji Meteorological Service, Flood, Gale, Galveston, Texas, Ganges Delta, Geometric terms of location, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, George R. Stewart, Global warming, Government of Queensland, Great Hurricane of 1780, Great Plains, Greek language, Greek mythology, Guam, Gulf of Mexico, Haiti, Hawaii, Heat, Heat engine, Heat transfer coefficient, Hindustani language, History of Atlantic hurricane warnings, History of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes, Huracan, HURDAT, Hurricane Alley, Hurricane Catarina, Hurricane Debbie (1969), Hurricane engineering, Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane hunters, Hurricane Ike, Hurricane Iniki, Hurricane Ioke, Hurricane Iris (1995), Hurricane Ivan, Hurricane John (1994), Hurricane Katrina, Hurricane Kenna, Hurricane Mitch, Hurricane Neddy, Hurricane Ophelia (2017), Hurricane Patricia, Hurricane Paul (1982), Hurricane Pauline, Hurricane preparedness, Hurricane Sandy, Hurricane-proof building, Hydrostatic equilibrium, Hypercane, Iceberg, In situ, India Meteorological Department, Indian Ocean, Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics, Infrared, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Intertropical Convergence Zone, Invasion (U.S. TV series), Isentropic process, Island Caribs, Isothermal process, Jacksonville, Florida, James Franklin (meteorologist), Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency, Jet stream, Joint Typhoon Warning Center, Joule, Journal of Geophysical Research, Juracán, Kauai, Kerry Emanuel, Korea, La Niña, Landfall, Latent heat, Latitude, Lesser Antilles, Light, List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes, List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes, List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes, List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes, List of the most intense tropical cyclones, List of tropical cyclone records, List of wettest tropical cyclones by country, Lists of Atlantic hurricanes, Lockheed WC-130, Lockheed WP-3D Orion, Louisiana, Low-pressure area, Madagascar, Madden–Julian oscillation, Maximum sustained wind, Maya maize god, Maya peoples, Météo-France, Mechanical energy, Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone, MetService, Mexico, Microsoft PowerPoint, Middle latitudes, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Mississippi, Mississippi River, Monsoon of South Asia, Monsoon trough, Monthly Weather Review, National Climatic Data Center, National Hurricane Center, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Nature (journal), New England, New York City, Nor'easter, North Atlantic oscillation, North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone, Northern Hemisphere, Nuclear weapon, Ocean, One If by Clam, Two If by Sea, Outline of tropical cyclones, Pacific hurricane, Pacific Ocean, Pacific typhoon climatology, PAGASA, Paleotempestology, Persian language, Philippines, Popular culture, Portuguese language, Precipitation, Project Stormfury, Pulse-Doppler radar, Radiocarbon dating, Radius of maximum wind, Radius of outermost closed isobar, Rain, Rainband, Regional Specialized Meteorological Center, Roger A. Pielke Jr., Rotational symmetry, Saffir–Simpson scale, Sakuhei Fujiwhara, Salinity, Satellite, Savannah, Georgia, Science (journal), Sea level, Sea spray, Sea surface temperature, Season, Secondary circulation, Secondary flow, Sensible heat, Silver iodide, South Atlantic tropical cyclone, South Pacific tropical cyclone, South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone, Southern Hemisphere, Storm, Storm (novel), Storm surge, Subsidence (atmosphere), Subtropical cyclone, Subtropical ridge, Supercooling, Taíno, Temperate climate, Texas, The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, The Checks, The Day After Tomorrow, The Perfect Storm (film), Thermal radiation, Thermal wind, Thermohaline circulation, Three-dimensional space, Thunderstorm, Time Life, TNT equivalent, Tornado, Tornadogenesis, Toxin, Trade winds, Tropical cyclogenesis, Tropical cyclone basins, Tropical cyclone forecast model, Tropical cyclone naming, Tropical cyclone scales, Tropical cyclone warnings and watches, Tropical Storm Marco (2008), Tropical Storm Thelma, Tropical Storm Vamei, Tropical Warm Pool, Tropical wave, Tropics, Tropopause, Troposphere, Turboprop, Typhon, Typhoon, Typhoon Haiyan, Typhoon Nancy (1961), Typhoon Nina (1975), Typhoon Paka, Typhoon Tip, United States Department of Energy, United States Geological Survey, United States Naval Research Laboratory, United States Navy, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, University of Florida, University of Hawaii, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Upwelling, USA Today, Vapor–liquid equilibrium, Veracruz, Vorticity, Water, Wave setup, Weather, Weather radar, Weather satellite, Weather station, Westerlies, Wind, Wind shear, Work (physics), World energy consumption, World Meteorological Organization, World War II, 100-year flood, 130th meridian east, 180th meridian, 1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane, 1887 Atlantic hurricane season, 1900 Galveston hurricane, 1933 Atlantic hurricane season, 1970 Bhola cyclone, 1991 Perfect Storm, 1993–94 Australian region cyclone season, 1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season, 1994 Pacific hurricane season, 2005 Atlantic hurricane season. Expand index (294 more) »

AAI Aerosonde

The AAI Aerosonde is a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) designed to collect weather data, including temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, and wind measurements over oceans and remote areas.

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ABC-CLIO

ABC-CLIO, LLC is a publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

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Absolute angular momentum

In meteorology, absolute angular momentum refers to the angular momentum in an 'absolute' coordinate system (absolute time and space).

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Acid

An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a hydron (proton or hydrogen ion H+), or, alternatively, capable of forming a covalent bond with an electron pair (a Lewis acid).

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Advection

In the field of physics, engineering, and earth sciences, advection is the transport of a substance by bulk motion.

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African easterly jet

The African easterly jet is a region of the lower troposphere over West Africa where the seasonal mean wind speed is at a maximum and the wind is easterly.

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Alexandria, Virginia

Alexandria is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Allen Press

Allen Press is a printer and publisher of scientific, academic and scholarly journals as well as commercial trade publications.

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American Meteorological Society

The American Meteorological Society (AMS) is the premier scientific and professional organization in the United States promoting and disseminating information about the atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic sciences. Its mission is to advance the atmospheric and related sciences, technologies, applications, and services for the benefit of society.

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Andrea Gail

F/V Andrea Gail was a private fishing vessel that was lost at sea with all hands during the "Perfect Storm" of 1991.

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Anemometer

An anemometer is a device used for measuring the speed of wind, and is also a common weather station instrument.

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Angular momentum

In physics, angular momentum (rarely, moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational equivalent of linear momentum.

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Anticyclone

An anticyclone (that is, opposite to a cyclone) is a weather phenomenon defined by the United States National Weather Service's glossary as "a large-scale circulation of winds around a central region of high atmospheric pressure, clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere".

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Atlantic hurricane

An Atlantic hurricane or tropical storm is a tropical cyclone that forms in the Atlantic Ocean, usually in the summer or fall.

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Atlantic hurricane season

The Atlantic hurricane season is the period in a year when hurricanes usually form in the Atlantic Ocean.

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Atlantic multidecadal oscillation

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) is a climate cycle that affects the sea surface temperature (SST) of the North Atlantic Ocean based on different modes on multidecadal timescales.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory

The Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML), a federal research laboratory, is part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR), located in Miami, Florida.

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Atmospheric convection

Atmospheric convection is the result of a parcel-environment instability, or temperature difference, layer in the atmosphere.

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Atmospheric sounding

An atmospheric sounding is a measurement of vertical distribution of physical properties of the atmospheric column such as pressure, temperature, wind speed and wind direction (thus deriving wind shear), liquid water content, ozone concentration, pollution, and other properties.

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Australian Broadcasting Corporation

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) founded in 1929 is Australia's national broadcaster, funded by the Australian Federal Government but specifically independent of Government and politics in the Commonwealth.

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Australian region tropical cyclone

An Australian tropical cyclone is a non frontal, low pressure system that has developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in either the Southern Indian Ocean or the South Pacific Ocean.

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Azores High

The Azores High (Anticiclone dos Açores) also known as North Atlantic (Subtropical) High/Anticyclone or the Bermuda-Azores High, is a large subtropical semi-permanent centre of high atmospheric pressure typically found south of the Azores in the Atlantic Ocean, at the Horse latitudes.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Banqiao Dam

The Banqiao Reservoir Dam is a dam on the River Ru in Zhumadian City, Henan province, China.

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Baroclinity

In fluid dynamics, the baroclinity (often called baroclinicity) of a stratified fluid is a measure of how misaligned the gradient of pressure is from the gradient of density in a fluid.

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Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গোপসাগর) is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and north by India and Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India).

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Beaufort scale

The Beaufort scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land.

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Bestseller

A bestseller is, usually, a book that is included on a list of top-selling or frequently-borrowed titles, normally based on publishing industry and book trade figures and library circulation statistics; such lists may be published by newspapers, magazines, or book store chains.

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Beta plane

In geophysical fluid dynamics, an approximation whereby the Coriolis parameter, f, is set to vary linearly in space is called a beta plane approximation.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society

The Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is a scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society.

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Bureau of Meteorology

The Bureau of Meteorology (BOM) is an Executive Agency of the Australian Government responsible for providing weather services to Australia and surrounding areas.

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Burn Notice

Burn Notice is an American television series created by Matt Nix which originally aired on the USA Network from June 28, 2007, to September 12, 2013.

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Canadian Hurricane Centre

The Canadian Hurricane Centre (CHC) is a division of the Meteorological Service of Canada, an agency of Canada's Department of the Environment, that advises Canadians on the threat of tropical cyclones such as hurricanes and tropical storms.

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Cantonese

The Cantonese language is a variety of Chinese spoken in the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding area in southeastern China.

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Cape Cod

Cape Cod is a geographic cape extending into the Atlantic Ocean from the southeastern corner of mainland Massachusetts, in the northeastern United States.

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Carnot heat engine

A Carnot heat engine is a theoretical engine that operates on the reversible Carnot cycle.

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Catastrophe modeling

Catastrophe modeling (also known as cat modeling) is the process of using computer-assisted calculations to estimate the losses that could be sustained due to a catastrophic event such as a hurricane or earthquake.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Central dense overcast

The central dense overcast, or CDO, of a tropical cyclone or strong subtropical cyclone is the large central area of thunderstorms surrounding its circulation center, caused by the formation of its eyewall.

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Central Pacific Hurricane Center

The Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) of the United States National Weather Service is the official body responsible for tracking and issuing tropical cyclone warnings, watches, advisories, discussions, and statements for the Central Pacific region: from the equator northward, 140°W–180°W, most significantly for Hawai‘i.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Cirrus cloud

Cirrus (cloud classification symbol: Ci) is a genus of atmospheric cloud generally characterized by thin, wispy strands, giving the type its name from the Latin word cirrus, meaning a ringlet or curling lock of hair.

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Clement Lindley Wragge

Clement Lindley Wragge (18 September 185210 December 1922) was a meteorologist born in Stourbridge, Worcestershire, England, but moved to Oakamoor, Staffordshire as a child.

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Climate

Climate is the statistics of weather over long periods of time.

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Climate oscillation

A climate oscillation or climate cycle is any recurring cyclical oscillation within global or regional climate, and is a type of climate pattern.

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Clockwise

Two-dimensional rotation can occur in two possible directions.

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Cloud

In meteorology, a cloud is an aerosol consisting of a visible mass of minute liquid droplets, frozen crystals, or other particles suspended in the atmosphere of a planetary body.

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Cloud seeding

Cloud seeding is a form of weather modification that changes the amount or type of precipitation that falls from clouds, by dispersing substances into the air that serve as cloud condensation or ice nuclei, which alter the microphysical processes within the cloud.

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Columbia University

Columbia University (Columbia; officially Columbia University in the City of New York), established in 1754, is a private Ivy League research university in Upper Manhattan, New York City.

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Comma

The comma is a punctuation mark that appears in several variants in different languages.

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Condensation

Condensation is the change of the physical state of matter from gas phase into liquid phase, and is the reverse of vapourisation.

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Contour line

A contour line (also isocline, isopleth, isarithm, or equipotential curve) of a function of two variables is a curve along which the function has a constant value, so that the curve joins points of equal value.

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Convective available potential energy

In meteorology, convective available potential energy (CAPE), is the amount of energy a parcel of air would have if lifted a certain distance vertically through the atmosphere.

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Coriolis force

In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial force that acts on objects that are in motion relative to a rotating reference frame.

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Coriolis frequency

The Coriolis frequency ƒ, also called the Coriolis parameter or Coriolis coefficient, is equal to twice the rotation rate Ω of the Earth multiplied by the sine of the latitude φ. The rotation rate of the Earth (Ω.

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CSI: Miami (season 2)

The second season of CSI: Miami premiered on CBS on September 22, 2003 and ended May 24, 2004.

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Cyclone

In meteorology, a cyclone is a large scale air mass that rotates around a strong center of low atmospheric pressure.

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Cyclone Agni

Severe Cyclonic Storm Agni was a tropical cyclone of the 2004 North Indian Ocean cyclone season notable for its record proximity to the equator.

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Cyclone Gafilo

Very Intense Tropical Cyclone Gafilo (also known as Cyclone Gafilo) was the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in the South-West Indian Ocean and the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2004.

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Cyclone Olivia

Severe Tropical Cyclone Olivia was a powerful cyclone that produced the highest non-tornadic winds on record on Barrow Island,, breaking the record of on Mount Washington in the United States in April 1934.

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Cyclone Rewa

Severe Tropical Cyclone Rewa affected six countries and caused 22 deaths on its 28-day journey across the South Pacific Ocean in December 1993 and January 1994.

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Cyclonic rotation

Cyclonic rotation or circulation is movement in the same direction as the Earth's rotation, as opposed to anticyclonic rotation.

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Dawson's Creek

Dawson's Creek is an American teen drama television series about the fictional lives of a close-knit group of friends beginning in high school and continuing in college that ran from 1998 to 2003.

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Dictionary.com

Dictionary.com is an online dictionary whose domain was first registered on May 14, 1995.

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Dimensionless quantity

In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned.

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Dropsonde

A dropsonde is an expendable weather reconnaissance device created by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), designed to be dropped from an aircraft at altitude over water to measure (and therefore track) storm conditions as the device falls to the surface.

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Drought

A drought is a period of below-average precipitation in a given region, resulting in prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric, surface water or ground water.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

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Earth's rotation

Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis.

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Eastern Visayas

Eastern Visayas (Sinirangan Kabisay-an; Silangang Kabisayaan) is an administrative region in the Philippines, designated as Region VIII.

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Effects of global warming

The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases.

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El Niño

El Niño is the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (commonly called ENSO) and is associated with a band of warm ocean water that develops in the central and east-central equatorial Pacific (between approximately the International Date Line and 120°W), including off the Pacific coast of South America.

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Electronic game

An electronic game is a game that employs electronics to create an interactive system with which a player can play.

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Emergency management

Emergency management or disaster management is the organization and management of the resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, and recovery).

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Emergency shelter

An emergency shelter is a place for people to live temporarily when they cannot live in their previous residence, similar to homeless shelters.

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Energetics

Energetics (also called energy economics) is the study of energy under transformation.

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Energy development

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources.

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy is a property of a thermodynamic system.

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Enthalpy of vaporization

The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol ∆Hvap) also known as the (latent) heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the amount of energy (enthalpy) that must be added to a liquid substance, to transform a quantity of that substance into a gas.

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Equator

An equator of a rotating spheroid (such as a planet) is its zeroth circle of latitude (parallel).

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Estuary

An estuary is a partially enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

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European windstorm

European windstorms are the strongest extratropical cyclones which occur across the continent of Europe.

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Extratropical cyclone

Extratropical cyclones, sometimes called mid-latitude cyclones or wave cyclones, are low-pressure areas which, along with the anticyclones of high-pressure areas, drive the weather over much of the Earth.

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Eye (cyclone)

The eye is a region of mostly calm weather at the center of strong tropical cyclones.

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Eyewall replacement cycle

Eyewall replacement cycles, also called concentric eyewall cycles, naturally occur in intense tropical cyclones, generally with winds greater than, or major hurricanes (Category 3 or above).

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Fetch (geography)

The fetch, also called the fetch length, is the length of water over which a given wind has blown.

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Fiction

Fiction is any story or setting that is derived from imagination—in other words, not based strictly on history or fact.

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Fiji Meteorological Service

The Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS) is a Department of the government of Fiji responsible for providing weather forecasts and is based in Nadi.

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Flood

A flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.

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Gale

A gale is a strong wind, typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts.

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Galveston, Texas

Galveston is a coastal resort city on Galveston Island and Pelican Island in the U.S. state of Texas.

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Ganges Delta

The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (also known as the Brahmaputra Delta, the Sunderbans Delta or the Bengal Delta) is a river delta in the Bengal region of the South Asia, consisting of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Geometric terms of location

Geometric terms of location describe directions or positions relative to the shape of an object.

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Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory

The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) is a laboratory in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR).

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George R. Stewart

George Rippey Stewart (May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American historian, toponymist, novelist, and a professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Global warming

Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.

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Government of Queensland

The Government of Queensland, also referred to as the Queensland Government, is the Australian state democratic administrative authority of Queensland.

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Great Hurricane of 1780

The Great Hurricane of 1780, also known as Huracán San Calixto, the Great Hurricane of the Antilles, and the 1780 Disaster, is the deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record.

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Great Plains

The Great Plains (sometimes simply "the Plains") is the broad expanse of flat land (a plain), much of it covered in prairie, steppe, and grassland, that lies west of the Mississippi River tallgrass prairie in the United States and east of the Rocky Mountains in the U.S. and Canada.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Greek mythology

Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.

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Guam

Guam (Chamorro: Guåhån) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States in Micronesia in the western Pacific Ocean.

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Gulf of Mexico

The Gulf of Mexico (Golfo de México) is an ocean basin and a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean, largely surrounded by the North American continent.

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Haiti

Haiti (Haïti; Ayiti), officially the Republic of Haiti and formerly called Hayti, is a sovereign state located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Heat

In thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one system to another as a result of thermal interactions.

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Heat engine

In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.

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Heat transfer coefficient

The heat transfer coefficient or film coefficient, or film effectiveness, in thermodynamics and in mechanics is the proportionality constant between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i.e., the temperature difference, ΔT): The overall heat transfer rate for combined modes is usually expressed in terms of an overall conductance or heat transfer coefficient, U. In that case, the heat transfer rate is: where: The general definition of the heat transfer coefficient is: where: It is used in calculating the heat transfer, typically by convection or phase transition between a fluid and a solid.

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Hindustani language

Hindustani (हिन्दुस्तानी, ہندوستانی, ||lit.

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History of Atlantic hurricane warnings

The history of Atlantic tropical cyclone warnings details the progress of tropical cyclone warnings in the north Atlantic Ocean.

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History of tropical cyclone-spawned tornadoes

Intense tropical cyclones usually produce tornadoes, the majority of those weak, especially upon landfall.

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Huracan

Huracan (Huracán; Hunraqan, "one legged"), often referred to as U K'ux Kaj, the "Heart of Sky", is a K'iche' Maya god of wind, storm, fire and one of the creator deities who participated in all three attempts at creating humanity.

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HURDAT

The National Hurricane Centers HURricane DATabases (HURDAT) are two separate databases that contain details on tropical cyclones, that have occurred within the Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Pacific Ocean since either 1851 or 1949.

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Hurricane Alley

Hurricane Alley is an area of warm water in the Atlantic Ocean stretching from the west coast of northern Africa to the east coast of Central America and Gulf Coast of the Southern United States.

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Hurricane Catarina

Hurricane Catarina was an extremely rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone that hit Southern Brazil in late March 2004.

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Hurricane Debbie (1969)

Hurricane Debbie was an intense and long-lived hurricane that formed during August 1969.

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Hurricane engineering

Hurricane engineering is a specialist sub-discipline of civil engineering that encompasses planning, analysis, design, response, and recovery of civil engineering systems and infrastructure for hurricane hazards.

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Hurricane Harvey

Hurricane Harvey is tied with Hurricane Katrina as the costliest tropical cyclone on record, inflicting $125 billion (2017 USD) in damage, primarily from catastrophic rainfall-triggered flooding in the Houston metropolitan area.

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Hurricane hunters

Hurricane hunters are aircrews that fly into tropical cyclones in the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeastern Pacific Ocean to gather weather data.

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Hurricane Ike

Hurricane Ike was a powerful tropical cyclone that swept through portions of the Greater Antilles and Northern America in September 2008, wreaking havoc on infrastructure and agriculture, particularly in Cuba and Texas.

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Hurricane Iniki

Hurricane Iniki (Hawaiian: iniki meaning "strong and piercing wind") was the most powerful hurricane to strike the U.S. state of Hawaii in recorded history.

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Hurricane Ioke

Hurricane Ioke, also referred to as Typhoon Ioke, was the most intense hurricane ever recorded in the Central Pacific.

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Hurricane Iris (1995)

Hurricane Iris was the first of three tropical cyclones to affect the Lesser Antilles in a three-week period, preceding the more destructive hurricanes Luis and Marilyn.

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Hurricane Ivan

Hurricane Ivan was a large, long-lived, Cape Verde hurricane that caused widespread damage in the Caribbean and United States.

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Hurricane John (1994)

Hurricane John, also known as Typhoon John, was both the longest-lasting and the farthest-traveling tropical cyclone ever observed.

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Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly Category 5 hurricane that caused catastrophic damage along the Gulf coast from central Florida to Texas, much of it due to the storm surge and levee failure.

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Hurricane Kenna

Hurricane Kenna was at the time tied as the second-most intense Pacific hurricane to strike the west coast of Mexico.

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Hurricane Mitch

Hurricane Mitch was the second-deadliest Atlantic hurricane on record, causing over 11,000 fatalities in Central America, with over 7,000 occurring in Honduras alone due to the catastrophic flooding it wrought due to the slow motion of the storm.

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Hurricane Neddy

"Hurricane Neddy" is the eighth episode of The Simpsons' eighth season.

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Hurricane Ophelia (2017)

Hurricane Ophelia (known as Storm Ophelia in Ireland and the United Kingdom while extratropical) was regarded as the worst storm to affect Ireland in 50 years, and was also the easternmost Atlantic major hurricane on record. The tenth and final consecutive hurricane and the sixth major hurricane of the very active 2017 Atlantic hurricane season, Ophelia had non-tropical origins from a decaying cold front on 6 October. Located within a favorable environment, the storm steadily strengthened over the next two days, drifting north and then southeastwards before becoming a hurricane on 11 October. After becoming a Category 2 hurricane and fluctuating in intensity for a day, Ophelia intensified into a major hurricane on 14 October south of the Azores, brushing the archipelago with high winds and heavy rainfall. Shortly after achieving peak intensity, Ophelia began weakening as it accelerated over progressively colder waters to its northeast towards Ireland and Great Britain. Completing an extratropical transition early on 16 October, Ophelia became the second storm of the 2017–18 European windstorm season. Early on 17 October, the cyclone crossed the North Sea and struck western Norway, with wind gusts up to in Rogaland county, before weakening during the evening of 17 October. The system made additional landfalls in Sweden and Finland before dissipating over Russia. Three deaths can be directly attributed to Ophelia, all of which occurred in Ireland. Total losses from the storm were far less than initially feared, with a minimum estimate of total insured losses across Ireland and the United Kingdom of US$13.6 million.

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Hurricane Patricia

Hurricane Patricia was the second-most intense tropical cyclone on record worldwide, behind Typhoon Tip in 1979, with a minimum atmospheric pressure of 872 mbar (hPa; 25.75 inHg).

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Hurricane Paul (1982)

Hurricane Paul was a particularly deadly and destructive Pacific hurricane which killed a total of 1,696 people and caused $1.156 billion in damage.

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Hurricane Pauline

Hurricane Pauline was one of the deadliest Pacific hurricanes to make landfall in Mexico.

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Hurricane preparedness

Cyclone mitigation encompasses the actions and planning taken before a tropical cyclone strikes to mitigate damage and injury from the storm.

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Hurricane Sandy

Hurricane Sandy (unofficially referred to as Superstorm Sandy) was the deadliest and most destructive hurricane of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season.

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Hurricane-proof building

Tornadoes, cyclones, and other storms with strong winds damage or destroy many buildings.

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Hydrostatic equilibrium

In fluid mechanics, a fluid is said to be in hydrostatic equilibrium or hydrostatic balance when it is at rest, or when the flow velocity at each point is constant over time.

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Hypercane

A hypercane is a hypothetical class of extreme tropical cyclone that could form if ocean temperatures reached, which is warmer than the warmest ocean temperature ever recorded.

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Iceberg

An iceberg or ice mountain is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water.

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In situ

In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position".

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India Meteorological Department

The India Meteorological Department (IMD), also referred to as the Met Department, is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India.

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Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface).

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Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics

Indonesian Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics (Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika or simply BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.

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Infrared

Infrared radiation (IR) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with longer wavelengths than those of visible light, and is therefore generally invisible to the human eye (although IR at wavelengths up to 1050 nm from specially pulsed lasers can be seen by humans under certain conditions). It is sometimes called infrared light.

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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts.

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Intertropical Convergence Zone

The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), known by sailors as the doldrums, is the area encircling Earth near the Equator, where the northeast and southeast trade winds converge.

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Invasion (U.S. TV series)

Invasion is an American science fiction television series that aired on ABC for one season beginning in September 21, 2005.

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Isentropic process

In thermodynamics, an isentropic process is an idealized thermodynamic process that is both adiabatic and reversible.

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Island Caribs

The Island Caribs, also known as the Kalinago or simply Caribs, are an indigenous Caribbean people of the Lesser Antilles.

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Isothermal process

An isothermal process is a change of a system, in which the temperature remains constant: ΔT.

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Jacksonville, Florida

Jacksonville is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Florida and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States.

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James Franklin (meteorologist)

James L. Franklin is a former weather forecaster who served with the National Hurricane Center as its branch chief.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japan Meteorological Agency

The, JMA, is an agency of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.

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Jet stream

Jet streams are fast flowing, narrow, meandering air currents in the atmospheres of some planets, including Earth.

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Joint Typhoon Warning Center

The Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) is a joint United States Navy – United States Air Force command located in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.

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Joule

The joule (symbol: J) is a derived unit of energy in the International System of Units.

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Journal of Geophysical Research

The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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Juracán

Juracán is the phonetic name given by the Spanish colonizers to the zemi or deity of chaos and disorder which the Taíno natives in Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Cuba, as well as the Island Caribs and Arawak natives elsewhere in the Caribbean, believed controlled the weather, particularly hurricanes (the latter word derives from the deity's name).

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Kauai

Kauai, anglicized as Kauai, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands.

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Kerry Emanuel

Kerry Andrew Emanuel (born April 21, 1955) is an American professor of meteorology currently working at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge.

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Korea

Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.

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La Niña

La Niña is a coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomenon that is the counterpart of El Niño as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation climate pattern.

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Landfall

Landfall is the event of a storm moving over egregious land after being over water.

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Latent heat

Latent heat is thermal energy released or absorbed, by a body or a thermodynamic system, during a constant-temperature process — usually a first-order phase transition.

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Latitude

In geography, latitude is a geographic coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the Earth's surface.

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Lesser Antilles

The Lesser Antilles are a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes

Category 4 hurricanes are tropical cyclones that reach Category 4 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.

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List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes

Category 4, the second-highest classification on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale, is used for tropical cyclones that have winds of 130–156 mph (209–251 km/h; 113–136 kn).

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List of Category 5 Atlantic hurricanes

A total of 33 recorded tropical cyclones have reached Category 5 strength on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator, the Caribbean Sea, and the Gulf of Mexico.

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List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes

Category 5 hurricanes are tropical cyclones that reach Category 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Scale.

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List of the most intense tropical cyclones

Tropical cyclone intensity is a complex topic.

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List of tropical cyclone records

This is a condensed list of worldwide tropical cyclone records set by different storms and seasons.

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List of wettest tropical cyclones by country

This is a list of wettest tropical cyclones by country, using all known available sources.

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Lists of Atlantic hurricanes

;Atlantic hurricanes.

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Lockheed WC-130

The Lockheed WC-130 is a high-wing, medium-range aircraft used for weather reconnaissance missions by the United States Air Force.

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Lockheed WP-3D Orion

The Lockheed WP-3D Orion is a highly modified P-3 Orion used by the Aircraft Operations Center division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Low-pressure area

A low-pressure area, low, or depression, is a region on the topographic map where the atmospheric pressure is lower than that of surrounding locations.

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Madagascar

Madagascar (Madagasikara), officially the Republic of Madagascar (Repoblikan'i Madagasikara; République de Madagascar), and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of East Africa.

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Madden–Julian oscillation

The Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is the largest element of the intraseasonal (30- to 90-day) variability in the tropical atmosphere.

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Maximum sustained wind

The maximum sustained wind associated with a tropical cyclone is a common indicator of the intensity of the storm.

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Maya maize god

Like other Mesoamerican people, the traditional Mayas recognize in their staple crop, maize, a vital force with which they strongly identify.

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Maya peoples

The Maya peoples are a large group of Indigenous peoples of Mesoamerica.

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Météo-France

Météo-France is the French national meteorological service.

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Mechanical energy

In physical sciences, mechanical energy is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.

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Mediterranean tropical-like cyclone

Mediterranean tropical-like cyclones, sometimes referred to as Mediterranean hurricanes or Medicanes, are rare meteorological phenomena observed in the Mediterranean Sea.

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MetService

Meteorological Service of New Zealand Limited (MetService) was established as a state-owned enterprise in 1992.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint (or simply PowerPoint) is a presentation program, created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin at a software company named Forethought, Inc.

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Middle latitudes

The middle latitudes (also called the mid-latitudes, sometimes midlatitudes, or moderate latitudes) of Earth lie between 23°26'22" and 66°33'39" north, and between 23°26'22" and 66°33'39" south.

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Millersville University of Pennsylvania

Millersville University of Pennsylvania (commonly known as Millersville University, The Ville, or MU) is an American public university located in Millersville, Pennsylvania, United States, offering liberal arts programs as one of the fourteen schools that comprise the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education (PASSHE).

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Monsoon of South Asia

The monsoon of South Asia is among several geographically distributed global monsoons.

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Monsoon trough

The monsoon trough is a portion of the Intertropical Convergence Zone,Bin Wang.

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Monthly Weather Review

The Monthly Weather Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Meteorological Society.

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National Climatic Data Center

The United States National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), previously known as the National Weather Records Center (NWRC), in Asheville, North Carolina was the world's largest active archive of weather data.

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National Hurricane Center

The National Hurricane Center (NHC) is the division of the United States' National Weather Service responsible for tracking and predicting weather systems within the tropics between the Prime Meridian and the 140th meridian west poleward to the 30th parallel north in the northeast Pacific Ocean and the 31st parallel north in the northern Atlantic Ocean.

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National Ocean Service

The National Ocean Service (NOS), an office within the U.S. Department of Commerce National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), is responsible for preserving and enhancing the nation’s coastal resources and ecosystems along of shoreline bordering of coastal, Great Lakes, and ocean waters.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA; pronounced, like "Noah") is an American scientific agency within the United States Department of Commerce that focuses on the conditions of the oceans, major waterways, and the atmosphere.

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National Weather Service

The National Weather Service (NWS) is an agency of the United States Federal Government that is tasked with providing weather forecasts, warnings of hazardous weather, and other weather-related products to organizations and the public for the purposes of protection, safety, and general information.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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New England

New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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Nor'easter

A nor'easter (also northeaster; see below) is a macro-scale cyclone.

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North Atlantic oscillation

The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is a weather phenomenon in the North Atlantic Ocean of fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric pressure at sea level (SLP) between the Icelandic low and the Azores high.

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North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone

In the Indian Ocean north of the equator, tropical cyclones can form throughout the year on either side of India.

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Northern Hemisphere

The Northern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is north of the Equator.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).

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Ocean

An ocean (the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere.

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One If by Clam, Two If by Sea

"One If by Clam, Two If by Sea" is the fourth episode of the third season of the animated comedy series Family Guy, another episode produced for Season 2.

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Outline of tropical cyclones

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to tropical cyclones: Tropical cyclone – storm system characterized by a large low-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain.

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Pacific hurricane

A Pacific hurricane is a mature tropical cyclone that develops within the eastern and central Pacific Ocean to the east of 180°W, north of the equator.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.

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Pacific typhoon climatology

The following is a list of Pacific typhoon seasons.

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PAGASA

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (Pangasiwaan ng Pilipinas sa Serbisyong Atmospero, Heopisiko at Astronomiya, abbreviated as PAGASA, which means "hope" as in the Tagalog word pag-asa) is the National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) agency of the Republic of the Philippines mandated to provide protection against natural calamities and to insure the safety, well-being and economic security of all the people, and for the promotion of national progress by undertaking scientific and technological services in meteorology, hydrology, climatology, astronomy and other geophysical sciences.

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Paleotempestology

Paleotempestology is the study of past tropical cyclone activity by means of geological proxies as well as historical documentary records.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Popular culture

Popular culture (also called pop culture) is generally recognized as a set of the practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time.

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Portuguese language

Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.

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Precipitation

In meteorology, precipitation is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity.

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Project Stormfury

Project Stormfury was an attempt to weaken tropical cyclones by flying aircraft into them and seeding with silver iodide.

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Pulse-Doppler radar

A pulse-Doppler radar is a radar system that determines the range to a target using pulse-timing techniques, and uses the Doppler effect of the returned signal to determine the target object's velocity.

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Radiocarbon dating

Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.

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Radius of maximum wind

The radius of maximum wind (RMW) is the distance between the center of a cyclone and its band of strongest winds.

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Radius of outermost closed isobar

The radius of outermost closed isobar (ROCI) is one of the quantities used to determine the size of a tropical cyclone.

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Rain

Rain is liquid water in the form of droplets that have condensed from atmospheric water vapor and then becomes heavy enough to fall under gravity.

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Rainband

A rainband is a cloud and precipitation structure associated with an area of rainfall which is significantly elongated.

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Regional Specialized Meteorological Center

A Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (also Regional Specialized Meteorological Center and Regional Specialised Meteorological Centre; RSMC) is responsible for the distribution of information, advisories, and warnings regarding the specific program they have a part of, agreed by consensus at the World Meteorological Organization as part of the World Weather Watch.

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Roger A. Pielke Jr.

Roger A. Pielke Jr. (born November 2, 1968) is an American political scientist and professor and the director of the Sports Governance Center within the Department of Athletics at the Center for Science and Technology Policy Research at the University of Colorado Boulder.

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Rotational symmetry

Rotational symmetry, also known as radial symmetry in biology, is the property a shape has when it looks the same after some rotation by a partial turn.

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Saffir–Simpson scale

The Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), formerly the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale (SSHS), classifies hurricanesWestern Hemisphere tropical cyclones that exceed the intensities of tropical depressions and tropical stormsinto five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds.

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Sakuhei Fujiwhara

was a Japanese meteorologist who became the namesake for the Fujiwhara effect.

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Salinity

Salinity is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water (see also soil salinity).

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Satellite

In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an artificial object which has been intentionally placed into orbit.

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Savannah, Georgia

Savannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Sea level

Mean sea level (MSL) (often shortened to sea level) is an average level of the surface of one or more of Earth's oceans from which heights such as elevations may be measured.

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Sea spray

Sea spray refers to aerosol particles that are formed directly from the ocean, mostly by ejection into the atmosphere by bursting bubbles at the air-sea interface.

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Sea surface temperature

Sea surface temperature (SST) is the water temperature close to the ocean's surface.

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Season

A season is a division of the year marked by changes in weather, ecology, and amount of daylight.

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Secondary circulation

A secondary circulation is a circulation induced in a rotating system.

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Secondary flow

In fluid dynamics, a secondary flow is a relatively minor flow superimposed on the primary flow, where the primary flow usually matches very closely the flow pattern predicted using simple analytical techniques and assuming the fluid is inviscid.

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Sensible heat

Sensible heat is heat exchanged by a body or thermodynamic system in which the exchange of heat changes the temperature of the body or system, and some macroscopic variables of the body or system, but leaves unchanged certain other macroscopic variables of the body or system, such as volume or pressure.

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Silver iodide

Silver iodide is an inorganic compound with the formula AgI. The compound is a bright yellow solid, but samples almost always contain impurities of metallic silver that give a gray coloration. The silver contamination arises because AgI is highly photosensitive. This property is exploited in silver-based photography. Silver iodide is also used as an antiseptic and in cloud seeding.

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South Atlantic tropical cyclone

South Atlantic tropical cyclones are unusual weather events that occur in the Southern Hemisphere.

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South Pacific tropical cyclone

A South Pacific tropical cyclone is a non frontal, low pressure system that has developed, within an environment of warm sea surface temperatures and little vertical wind shear aloft in the South Pacific Ocean.

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South-West Indian Ocean tropical cyclone

In the south-west Indian Ocean, tropical cyclones form south of the equator and west of 90° E to the coast of Africa.

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Southern Hemisphere

The Southern Hemisphere is the half of Earth that is south of the Equator.

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Storm

A storm is any disturbed state of an environment or in an astronomical body's atmosphere especially affecting its surface, and strongly implying severe weather.

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Storm (novel)

Storm is a novel written by George Rippey Stewart and published in 1941.

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Storm surge

A storm surge, storm flood or storm tide is a coastal flood or tsunami-like phenomenon of rising water commonly associated with low pressure weather systems (such as tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones), the severity of which is affected by the shallowness and orientation of the water body relative to storm path, as well as the timing of tides.

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Subsidence (atmosphere)

Subsidence, in the Earth's atmosphere, is most commonly caused by a low temperature.

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Subtropical cyclone

A subtropical cyclone is a weather system that has some characteristics of a tropical and an extratropical cyclone.

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Subtropical ridge

The subtropical ridge, also known as the subtropical high or horse latitudes, is a significant belt of atmospheric high pressure situated around the latitudes of 30°N in the Northern Hemisphere and 30°S in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Supercooling

Supercooling, also known as undercooling, is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid or a gas below its freezing point without it becoming a solid.

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Taíno

The Taíno people are one of the indigenous peoples of the Caribbean.

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Temperate climate

In geography, the temperate or tepid climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes, which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is an American dictionary of English published by Boston publisher Houghton Mifflin, the first edition of which appeared in 1969.

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The Checks

"The Checks" is the 141st episode of the sitcom Seinfeld.

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The Day After Tomorrow

The Day After Tomorrow is a 2004 American science-fiction disaster film co-written, directed, and produced by Roland Emmerich and starring Dennis Quaid, Jake Gyllenhaal, Ian Holm, Emmy Rossum, and Sela Ward.

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The Perfect Storm (film)

The Perfect Storm is a 2000 American biographical disaster drama film directed by Wolfgang Petersen and based on the 1997 non-fiction book of the same name by Sebastian Junger.

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Thermal radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation generated by the thermal motion of charged particles in matter.

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Thermal wind

The thermal wind is wind that varies with height due to a balance between the Coriolis and pressure-gradient forces in the atmosphere.

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Thermohaline circulation

Thermohaline circulation (THC) is a part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by global density gradients created by surface heat and freshwater fluxes.

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Three-dimensional space

Three-dimensional space (also: 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a geometric setting in which three values (called parameters) are required to determine the position of an element (i.e., point).

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Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.

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Time Life

Direct Holdings Global LLC, through its subsidiaries StarVista Live, Lifestyle Products Group and Time Life, is a creator and direct marketer that is known for selling books, music, video/DVD, and multimedia products.

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TNT equivalent

TNT equivalent is a convention for expressing energy, typically used to describe the energy released in an explosion.

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Tornado

A tornado is a rapidly rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud.

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Tornadogenesis

Tornadogenesis is the process by which a tornado forms.

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Toxin

A toxin (from toxikon) is a poisonous substance produced within living cells or organisms; synthetic toxicants created by artificial processes are thus excluded.

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Trade winds

The trade winds are the prevailing pattern of easterly surface winds found in the tropics, within the lower portion of the Earth's atmosphere, in the lower section of the troposphere near the Earth's equator.

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Tropical cyclogenesis

Tropical cyclogenesis is the development and strengthening of a tropical cyclone in the atmosphere.

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Tropical cyclone basins

Traditionally, areas of tropical cyclone formation are divided into seven basins.

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Tropical cyclone forecast model

A tropical cyclone forecast model is a computer program that uses meteorological data to forecast aspects of the future state of tropical cyclones.

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Tropical cyclone naming

Tropical cyclones and subtropical cyclones are named by various warning centers to provide ease of communication between forecasters and the general public regarding forecasts, watches, and warnings.

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Tropical cyclone scales

Tropical cyclones are officially ranked on one of five tropical cyclone intensity scales, according to their maximum sustained winds and which tropical cyclone basin(s) they are located in.

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Tropical cyclone warnings and watches

Tropical cyclone warnings and watches are two levels of alert issued by national weather forecasting bodies to coastal areas threatened by the imminent approach of a tropical cyclone of tropical storm or hurricane intensity.

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Tropical Storm Marco (2008)

Tropical Storm Marco was the smallest tropical cyclone on record.

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Tropical Storm Thelma

Tropical Storm Thelma, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Uring, was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones in Philippine history, killing at least 5,081 people.

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Tropical Storm Vamei

Tropical Storm Vamei was a Pacific tropical cyclone that formed closer to the equator than any other tropical cyclone in the Pacific Ocean.

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Tropical Warm Pool

The Tropical Warm Pool (TWP) or Indo-Pacific Warm Pool is a mass of ocean water located in the western Pacific Ocean and eastern Indian Ocean which consistently exhibits the highest water temperatures over the largest expanse of the Earth's surface.

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Tropical wave

Tropical waves, easterly waves, or tropical easterly waves, also known as African easterly waves in the Atlantic region, are a type of atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively low air pressure, oriented north to south, which moves from east to west across the tropics, causing areas of cloudiness and thunderstorms.

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Tropics

The tropics are a region of the Earth surrounding the Equator.

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Tropopause

The tropopause is the boundary in the Earth's atmosphere between the troposphere and the stratosphere.

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Troposphere

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere, and is also where nearly all weather conditions take place.

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Turboprop

A turboprop engine is a turbine engine that drives an aircraft propeller.

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Typhon

Typhon (Τυφῶν, Tuphōn), also Typhoeus (Τυφωεύς, Tuphōeus), Typhaon (Τυφάων, Tuphaōn) or Typhos (Τυφώς, Tuphōs), was a monstrous serpentine giant and the most deadly creature in Greek mythology.

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Typhoon

A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops between 180° and 100°E in the Northern Hemisphere.

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Typhoon Haiyan

Typhoon Haiyan, known as Super Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, was one of the strongest tropical cyclones ever recorded.

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Typhoon Nancy (1961)

Super Typhoon Nancy, also known as the, was an extremely powerful tropical cyclone of the 1961 Pacific typhoon season and one of the most intense tropical cyclones on record.

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Typhoon Nina (1975)

Typhoon Nina, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Bebeng, was the fourth-deadliest tropical cyclone on record.

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Typhoon Paka

Typhoon Paka, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Rubing, was the last tropical cyclone of the 1997 Pacific hurricane and typhoon season, and was among the strongest Pacific typhoons in the month of December.

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Typhoon Tip

Typhoon Tip, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Warling, was the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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United States Naval Research Laboratory

The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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University Corporation for Atmospheric Research

The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) is a nonprofit consortium of more than 100 colleges and universities providing research and training in the atmospheric and related sciences.

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University of Florida

The University of Florida (commonly referred to as Florida or UF) is an American public land-grant, sea-grant, and space-grant research university on a campus in Gainesville, Florida.

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University of Hawaii

The University of Hawaiʻi system (formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public, co-educational college and university system that confers associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees through three university campuses, seven community college campuses, an employment training center, three university centers, four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the State of Hawaii in the United States.

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University of Washington

The University of Washington (commonly referred to as UW, simply Washington, or informally U-Dub) is a public research university in Seattle, Washington.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

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Upwelling

Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-depleted surface water.

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USA Today

USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily, middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company.

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Vapor–liquid equilibrium

In thermodynamics and chemical engineering, the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) describes the distribution of a chemical species between the vapor phase and a liquid phase.

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Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave,In isolation, Veracruz, de and Llave are pronounced, respectively,, and.

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Vorticity

In continuum mechanics, the vorticity is a pseudovector field that describes the local spinning motion of a continuum near some point (the tendency of something to rotate), as would be seen by an observer located at that point and traveling along with the flow.

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Water

Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms.

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Wave setup

In fluid dynamics, wave setup is the increase in mean water level due to the presence of breaking waves.

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Weather

Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.

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Weather radar

Weather radar, also called weather surveillance radar (WSR) and Doppler weather radar, is a type of radar used to locate precipitation, calculate its motion, and estimate its type (rain, snow, hail etc.). Modern weather radars are mostly pulse-Doppler radars, capable of detecting the motion of rain droplets in addition to the intensity of the precipitation.

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Weather satellite

The weather satellite is a type of satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth.

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Weather station

A weather station is a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate.

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Westerlies

The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.

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Wind

Wind is the flow of gases on a large scale.

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Wind shear

Wind shear (or windshear), sometimes referred to as wind gradient, is a difference in wind speed and/or direction over a relatively short distance in the atmosphere.

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Work (physics)

In physics, a force is said to do work if, when acting, there is a displacement of the point of application in the direction of the force.

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World energy consumption

World energy consumption is the total energy used by the entire human civilization.

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World Meteorological Organization

The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 191 Member States and Territories.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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100-year flood

A one-hundred-year flood is a flood event that has a 1% probability of occurring in any given year.

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130th meridian east

The meridian 130° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.

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180th meridian

The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° east or west of the Prime Meridian, with which it forms a great circle dividing the earth into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres.

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1821 Norfolk and Long Island hurricane

The 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane was one of four known tropical cyclones that have made landfall in New York City.

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1887 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1887 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season on record at the time.

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1900 Galveston hurricane

The Great Galveston Hurricane, known regionally as the Great Storm of 1900, was the deadliest natural disaster in United States history.

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1933 Atlantic hurricane season

The 1933 Atlantic hurricane season was the second most active Atlantic hurricane season on record, with 20 storms forming in the northwest Atlantic Ocean, breaking the record set by 1887.

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1970 Bhola cyclone

The 1970 Bhola cyclone was a devastating tropical cyclone that struck East Pakistan (present-day Bangladesh) and India's West Bengal on November 12, 1970.

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1991 Perfect Storm

The 1991 Perfect Storm, also known as The No-Name Storm (especially in the years immediately after it took place) and the Halloween Gale, was a nor'easter that absorbed Hurricane Grace and ultimately evolved back into a small unnamed hurricane late in its life cycle.

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1993–94 Australian region cyclone season

The 1993–94 Australian region cyclone season was a slightly above average Australian cyclone season.

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1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season

The 1993–94 South Pacific cyclone season was a near average tropical cyclone season with five tropical cyclones occurring within the South Pacific to the east of 160°E.

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1994 Pacific hurricane season

The 1994 Pacific hurricane season was the final season of the eastern north Pacific's most recent active string of hurricane seasons that unofficially started in 1982.

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2005 Atlantic hurricane season

The 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the most active Atlantic hurricane season in recorded history, shattering numerous records.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_cyclone

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