Communication

411 relations: 'Abd al-Ilah, Abd al-Karim Qasim, Abdelhamid Sharaf, Abdelmunim Al-Rifai, Abdelsalam al-Majali, Abdication, Abdul Karim Al-Kabariti, Abdul Munim Riad, Abdullah I of Jordan, Abdullah II of Jordan, Abir Muhaisen, Ahmad Lozi, Ahmad Obeidat, Ahmad Toukan, Ahmed Yassin, Al-Aqsa Mosque, Al-Jafr, Jordan, Al-Karak, Alexandria, Ali, Ali Abu Nuwar, Alia Al-Hussein, Amateur radio, Amman, Anwar Sadat, Aqaba, Arab Cold War, Arab Cooperation Council, Arab Federation, Arab Legion, Arab Revolt, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arab world, Arabah, Arab–Israeli conflict, Arabization of the Jordanian Army command, Ariel Sharon, As-Samu, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin, Astana, Austerity, Austria, Avi Shlaim, Ba'ath Party, Ba'athism, Baghdad Pact, Bahjat Talhouni, Bahrain, Battle of Karameh, BBC Online, ..., Beirut, Beit Shemesh, Belgium, Benevolent dictatorship, Benjamin Netanyahu, Bill Clinton, Black September Organization, Brigadier general, Brunei, Cairo University, Camille Chamoun, Camp David Accords, Central Intelligence Agency, Chemotherapy, China, Cobra, Cold War, Commander, Confederation, Constitution of Jordan, Constitutional monarchy, Crosses of Military Merit, CubeSat, Dawson's Field hijackings, Death and state funeral of King Hussein, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Denmark, Dieter Nohlen, Dina bint Abdul-Hamid, Diplomatic rank, Dome of the Rock, Dubai, East Jerusalem, Economy of Jordan, Egypt, Egyptian Air Force, Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal, Eisenhower Doctrine, Elections in Jordan, Emirate of Transjordan, English literature, Enthroned, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Empire, Faisal II of Iraq, Fatah, Fatimah, Fawzi Mulki, Fayez Tarawneh, Federation, Finland, France, Freedom of speech, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Gaza Strip, General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan), Geneva Conventions, George H. W. Bush, George P. Shultz, Gerald Ford, Germany, Gerrymandering, Golan Heights, Golda Meir, Greater Amman Municipality, Greece, Gross domestic product, Gross national product, Grozny, Guerrilla warfare, Guinea, Gulf Cooperation Council, Gulf War, Gunnar Jarring, Habis al-Majali, Hafez al-Assad, Hamas, Harley-Davidson, Harrow School, Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites, Hashemites, Hawker Hunter, Haya bint Hussein, Hazza' al-Majali, Heir apparent, Henry Kissinger, Holy See, Hosni Mubarak, House of Representatives, House of Saud, Husayn Al-Khalidi, Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, Hussein ibn Nasser, Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan, Ibrahim Hashem, Imperial House of Japan, Imperialism, In absentia, Independent politician, International Monetary Fund, Invasion of Kuwait, Iran, Iran–Iraq War, Irbid, Islamic Action Front, Islamic calendar, Island of Peace, Island of Peace massacre, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Israel–Jordan peace treaty, Israeli Air Force, Israeli general election, 1996, Israeli Labor Party, Israeli-occupied territories, Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Italy, Jack O'Connell (diplomat), Japan, Jarring Mission, Jerusalem, John Bagot Glubb, Joint Special Operations Command (Jordan), Jordan, Jordanian annexation of the West Bank, Jordanian Armed Forces, Jordanian Communist Party, Jordanian dinar, Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank, Jordanian general election, 1954, Jordanian general election, 1956, Jordanian general election, 1967, Jordanian general election, 1989, Jordanian general election, 1993, Jordanian general election, 1997, Jordanian House of Representatives, Jordanian nationalism, Jordanian Senate, Jumu'ah, Karameh, Kassim Al-Rimawi, Kazakhstan, Khaled Mashal, King Hussein Cancer Center, King Hussein Medical Center, King Hussein's federation plan, Kingdom of Iraq, Kofi Annan, Kuwait, Lausanne, Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanon, Legion of Honour, Libya, Lieutenant colonel, Lieutenant general, Likud, List of kings of Jordan, List of Prime Ministers of Jordan, List of things named after King Hussein, Ma'an, Madrid Conference of 1991, Malaysia, Martial law, Mayo Clinic, Mecca, Middle East, Mohammad Al-Abbasi, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Morocco, Mossad, Motion of no confidence, Mudar Badran, Muhammad, Multi-party system, Munich massacre, Muslim Brotherhood, Muslim world, Najeeb Halaby, Namesake, Nasserism, National Socialist Party (Jordan), Nelson Mandela, Netherlands, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Norway, Nuri al-Said, Old City (Jerusalem), One man, one vote, Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali, Order of Idris I, Order of Independence, Order of Isabella the Catholic, Order of King Abdulaziz, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Merit (Lebanon), Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, Order of Mubarak the Great, Order of Muhammad, Order of Pahlavi, Order of Saint John (chartered 1888), Order of Sikatuna, Order of Solomon, Order of St. Olav, Order of the Bath, Order of the Chrysanthemum, Order of the Crown of the Realm, Order of the Elephant, Order of the Golden Fleece, Order of the Golden Spur, Order of the Netherlands Lion, Order of the Nile, Order of the Redeemer, Order of the Star of Jordan, Order of the Tower and Sword, Order of the Two Rivers, Order of the White Rose of Finland, Order of the Yugoslav Star, Order of Umayyad, Oslo Accords, Ottoman Empire, Palestine Liberation Army, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinian fedayeen, Palestinian National Authority, Palestinians, Pan-Arabism, Parliament of Jordan, Partisan (political), Patrilineality, Philippines, Pneumonia, Port of Aqaba, Portugal, Prince Ali bin Hussein, Prince Asem bin Nayef, Prince Faisal bin Hussein, Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, Prince Hashem bin Abdullah, Prince Hashim bin Hussein, Prince Hassan bin Talal, Prince Muhammad bin Talal, Prince Nayef bin Abdullah, Prince Omar bin Faisal, Princess Aisha bint Faisal, Princess Aisha bint Hussein, Princess Alia bint Hussein, Princess Alia Tabbaa, Princess Ayah bint Faisal, Princess Basma bint Talal, Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad, Princess Iman bint Abdullah, Princess Iman bint ِHussein, Princess Muna al-Hussein, Princess Noor bint Asem, Princess of Asturias Awards, Princess Raiyah bint Hussein, Princess Rym al-Ali, Princess Salma bint Abdullah, Princess Sara bint Faisal, Princess Zein bint Hussein, Proportional representation, Public Security Directorate, Qana massacre, Qatar, Qibya, Qibya massacre, Queen Alia International Airport, Queen Noor of Jordan, Queen Rania of Jordan, Raghadan Palace, Rashidun Caliphate, Regent, Reprisal operations, Ronald Reagan, Royal Jordanian Air Force, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Royal Order of the Seraphim, Royal Victorian Chain, Royal Victorian Order, Russia, Saad Jumaa, Saddam Hussein, Samir Al-Rifai, Samu Incident, Saudi Arabia, Saudi conquest of Hejaz, Sayyid, Sa`id Al-Mufti, Schizophrenia, Sharif, Sharif of Mecca, Shimon Peres, Sinai Peninsula, Six-Day War, Socialism, Soviet Union, Spain, Standard of living, State within a state, Suez Canal, Suez Crisis, Suleiman Nabulsi, Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet, Sunni Islam, Supreme Order of the Renaissance, Susan Cabot, Sweden, Syria, Tafilah, Taher al-Masri, Talal of Jordan, Tawfik Abu Al-Huda, Tel Aviv, Temple Mount, The New York Times, The Royal Hashemite Court, Tony Blair, Tunisia, Unified National Leadership of the Uprising, Unitary state, United Arab Command, United Arab Republic, United Kingdom, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, United States Congress, University of Cambridge, Ureter, Victoria College, Alexandria, Wasfi al-Tal, Washington, D.C., West Bank, Western world, White House, Wye River Memorandum, Yasser Arafat, Yitzhak Rabin, Yitzhak Shamir, Yom Kippur War, Yugoslavia, Zaid al-Rifai, Zaid ibn Shaker, Zarqa, Zein Al-Sharaf Talal, 14 July Revolution, 16th arrondissement of Paris, 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt, 1961 Syrian coup d'état, 1963 Syrian coup d'état, 1964 Arab League summit (Cairo), 1974 Arab League summit, 1978 South Lebanon conflict, 1982 Lebanon War, 1987 Arab League summit, 1989 Jordanian protests, 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire. 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'Abd al-Ilah

'Abd al-Ilah of Hejaz, (Arabic: عبد الإله; also written Abdul Ilah or Abdullah; 14 November 1913 – 14 July 1958) was a cousin and brother-in-law of King Ghazi of Iraq.

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Abd al-Karim Qasim

Abd Al-Karim Qasim Muhammed Bakr Al-Fadhli Al-Zubaidi (عبد الكريم قاسم) (21 November 1914 – 9 February 1963), was a nationalist Iraqi Army brigadier who seized power in the 14 July Revolution, wherein the Iraqi monarchy was eliminated.

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Abdelhamid Sharaf

Abdelhamid Sharaf (الشريف عبدالحميد شرف) (8 July 1939 – 3 July 1980), was Prime Minister of Jordan from December 1979 until his death of a heart attack after seven months in office.

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Abdelmunim Al-Rifai

Abdul-Monem Rifai (ʻAbd al-Munʻim Rifāʻī) (23 February 1917 – 17 October 1985) was a Jordanian diplomat and political figure of Palestinian descent, Prime Minister of Jordan in 1969 and 1970.

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Abdelsalam al-Majali

Abdelsalam al-Majali (عبد السلام المجالي; born April 1925) is a Jordanian physician and politician who served twice as the prime minister of Jordan.

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Abdication

Abdication is the act of formally relinquishing monarchical authority.

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Abdul Karim Al-Kabariti

Abdul Karim al-Kabariti (عبد الكريم الكباريتي; born 15 December 1949) was the prime minister of Jordan from 4 February 1996 to 9 March 1997.

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Abdul Munim Riad

Abdul Munim Riad (22 October 1919 – 9 March 1969) (عبد المنعم رياض) was a general and chief of staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces.

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Abdullah I of Jordan

Abdullah I bin al-Hussein, King of Jordan (عبد الله الأول بن الحسين, Abd Allāh ibn al-Husayn, February 1882 – 20 July 1951), born in Mecca, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire, was the second of three sons of Hussein bin Ali, Sharif and Emir of Mecca and his first wife Abdiyya bint Abdullah (d. 1886).

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Abdullah II of Jordan

Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein (عبد الله الثاني بن الحسين., ʿAbdullāh ath-thānī ibn Al-Ḥusayn, born 30 January 1962) has been King of Jordan since 1999.

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Abir Muhaisen

Abir Muhaisen (born 1973) was adopted by King Hussein of Jordan and his third wife Queen Alia after Muhaisen's biological mother was killed by a plane crash at a Palestinian refugee camp in Amman, Jordan in 1976.

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Ahmad Lozi

Ahmad Lozi, (also spelled Ahmad al-Lawzi) (1925 – 18 November 2014) was a Jordanian politician.

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Ahmad Obeidat

Ahmad Obeidat was Prime Minister of Jordan from 10 January 1984 to 4 April 1985.

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Ahmad Toukan

Ahmad Toukan (Ahmad Tuqan) (15 August 1903 – 1981) was a Jordanian political leader of Palestinian descent who was the Prime Minister of Jordan from 26 September 1970 to 28 October 1970.

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Ahmed Yassin

Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Hassan Yassin (1937 – 22 March 2004) (الشيخ أحمد إسماعيل حسن ياسين) was a Palestinian imam and politician.

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Al-Aqsa Mosque

Al-Aqsa Mosque (Al-Masjid al-Aqṣā,, "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.

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Al-Jafr, Jordan

Al-Jafr (الجفر) is a city in the Ma'an Governorate of Jordan.

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Al-Karak

Al-Karak (الكرك), also known as just Karak or Kerak, is a city in Jordan known for its Crusader castle, the Kerak Castle.

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Alexandria

Alexandria (or; Arabic: الإسكندرية; Egyptian Arabic: إسكندرية; Ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ; Ⲣⲁⲕⲟⲧⲉ) is the second-largest city in Egypt and a major economic centre, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country.

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Ali

Ali (ʿAlī) (15 September 601 – 29 January 661) was the cousin and the son-in-law of Muhammad, the last prophet of Islam.

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Ali Abu Nuwar

Ali Abu Nuwar (surname also spelled Abu Nuwwar, Abu Nawar or Abu Nowar; 1925 – 15 August 1991) was a Jordanian army officer, serving as chief of staff in May 1956 – April 1957.

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Alia Al-Hussein

Alia Baha ud-din Toukan (علياء بھاء الدين طوقان) (25 December 1948 – 9 February 1977) was Queen of Jordan and the third wife of King Hussein from their marriage in 1972 until her death in a helicopter crash.

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Amateur radio

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, describes the use of radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communication.

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Amman

Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.

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Anwar Sadat

Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (محمد أنور السادات, Egyptian muħæmmæd ˈʔɑnwɑɾ essæˈdæːt; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.

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Aqaba

Aqaba (العقبة) is the only coastal city in Jordan and the largest and most populous city on the Gulf of Aqaba.

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Arab Cold War

The Arab Cold War (الحرب العربية الباردة al-Harb al-`Arabbiyah al-bārdah) was a series of conflicts in the Arab world between the new republics led by Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and espousing Arab nationalism, Arab socialism, and Pan-Arabism and the more traditionalist kingdoms, led by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.

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Arab Cooperation Council

The Arab Cooperation Council (ACC) was founded in February 1989 by North Yemen, Iraq, Jordan, and Egypt.

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Arab Federation

The Arab Federation of Iraq and Jordan was a short-lived country that was formed in 1958 from the union of Iraq and Jordan.

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Arab Legion

The Arab Legion was the regular army of Transjordan and then Jordan in the early part of the 20th century.

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Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية, al-Thawra al-‘Arabiyya; Arap İsyanı) or Great Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية الكبرى, al-Thawra al-‘Arabiyya al-Kubrā) was officially initiated by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, at Mecca on June 10, 1916 (9 Sha'ban of the Islamic calendar for that year) although his sons ‘Ali and Faisal had already initiated operations at Medina starting on 5 June with the aim of securing independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and creating a single unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen.

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Arab states of the Persian Gulf

The Arab states of the Persian Gulf are the seven Arab states which border the Persian Gulf, namely Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

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Arabah

The Arabah (وادي عربة, Wādī ʻAraba), or Arava/Aravah (הָעֲרָבָה, HaAravah, lit. "desolate and dry area"), as it is known by its respective Arabic and Hebrew names, is a geographic area south of the Dead Sea basin, which forms part of the border between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east.

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Arab–Israeli conflict

The Arab–Israeli conflict refers to the political tension, military conflicts and disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel.

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Arabization of the Jordanian Army command

Arabization of the Jordanian Army command (تعريب قيادة الجيش العربي, Ta'reeb Kiyadat Al-Jaysh Al-Arabi) refers to the dismissal of senior British officers commanding the Arab Legion by King Hussein and the subsequent renaming of the Legion into the Jordanian Armed Forces on 1 March 1956.

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Ariel Sharon

Ariel Sharon (אריאל שרון;,, also known by his diminutive Arik, אַריק, born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן‎; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.

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As-Samu

As Samu' or es-Samu' (السموع) is a town in the Hebron Governorate of the West Bank, Palestine, 12 kilometers south of the city of Hebron and 60 kilometers southwest of Jerusalem.

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Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin

The assassination of Yitzhak Rabin took place on 4 November 1995 (12th of Marcheshvan, 5756 on the Hebrew calendar) at 21:30, at the end of a rally in support of the Oslo Accords at the Kings of Israel Square in Tel Aviv.

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Astana

Astana (Астана, Astana) is the capital city of Kazakhstan.

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Austerity

Austerity is a political-economic term referring to policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both.

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Austria

Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.

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Avi Shlaim

Avraham "Avi" Shlaim FBA (born 31 October 1945) is an Israeli historian, Emeritus Professor of International Relations at the University of Oxford and fellow of the British Academy.

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Ba'ath Party

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi.

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Ba'athism

Ba'athism (البعثية, al-Ba'athiyah, from بعث ba'ath, meaning "renaissance" or "resurrection") is an Arab nationalist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a progressive revolutionary government.

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Baghdad Pact

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), originally known as the Baghdad Pact or the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO), was formed in 1955 by Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

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Bahjat Talhouni

Bahjat Talhouni (1913 – January 30, 1994) was a Jordanian political figure.

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Bahrain

Bahrain (البحرين), officially the Kingdom of Bahrain (مملكة البحرين), is an Arab constitutional monarchy in the Persian Gulf.

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Battle of Karameh

The Battle of Karameh (معركة الكرامة) was a 15-hour military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and combined forces of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) in the Jordanian town of Karameh on 21 March 1968, during the War of Attrition.

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BBC Online

BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Beit Shemesh

Beit Shemesh (בֵּית שֶׁמֶשׁ,; بيت شيمش; Bethsames, Beth Shamesh, Bethshamesh or Bet shemesh and most often Beth-Shemesh in English translations of the Hebrew Bible) is a city located approximately west of Jerusalem in Israel's Jerusalem District, with a population of in.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Benevolent dictatorship

A benevolent dictatorship is a form of government in which an authoritarian leader exercises absolute political power over the state but does so for the benefit of the population as a whole.

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Benjamin Netanyahu

Benjamin "Bibi" Netanyahu (born 21 October 1949) is an Israeli politician serving as the 9th and current Prime Minister of Israel since 2009, previously holding the position from 1996 to 1999.

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Bill Clinton

William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

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Black September Organization

The Black September Organization (BSO) (منظمة أيلول الأسود, Munaẓẓamat Aylūl al-aswad) was a Palestinian terrorist organization founded in 1970.

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Brigadier general

Brigadier general (Brig. Gen.) is a senior rank in the armed forces.

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Brunei

Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.

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Cairo University

Cairo University (جامعة القاهرة, known as the Egyptian University from 1908 to 1940, and King Fuad I University from 1940 to 1952) is Egypt's premier public university.

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Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn) (3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990).

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Camp David Accords

The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy (often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx) is a type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Cobra

Cobra is the common name of various elapid snakes, most of which belonging to the genus Naja.

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Cold War

The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).

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Commander

Commander is a common naval and air force officer rank.

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Confederation

A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a union of sovereign states, united for purposes of common action often in relation to other states.

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Constitution of Jordan

The Constitution of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan was adopted on 11 January 1952 and has been amended many times.

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Constitutional monarchy

A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.

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Crosses of Military Merit

The Crosses of Military Merit (Cruces del Mérito Militar) are Spain's military awards for gallantry or merit in war or peace.

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CubeSat

A CubeSat (U-class spacecraft) is a type of miniaturized satellite for space research that is made up of multiples of 10×10×10 cm cubic units.

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Dawson's Field hijackings

In September 1970, four jet airliners bound for New York City and one for London were hijacked by members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).

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Death and state funeral of King Hussein

The state funeral of King Hussein took place in Amman on 8 February 1999.

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Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria

The Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria (Ehrenzeichen für Verdienste um die Republik Österreich) is a national honour awarded by the Republic of Austria.

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Denmark

Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.

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Dieter Nohlen

Dieter Nohlen (born 6 November 1939 in Oberhausen) is a German academic and political scientist.

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Dina bint Abdul-Hamid

Sharifa Dina bint Abdul-Hamid (دينا بنت عبد الحميد; born 15 December 1929) is the former Queen of Jordan as the first wife of King Hussein.

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Diplomatic rank

Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations.

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Dome of the Rock

The Dome of the Rock (قبة الصخرة Qubbat al-Sakhrah, כיפת הסלע Kippat ha-Sela) is an Islamic shrine located on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem.

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Dubai

Dubai (دبي) is the largest and most populous city in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

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East Jerusalem

East Jerusalem or Eastern Jerusalem is the sector of Jerusalem that was occupied by Jordan in 1948 and had remained out of the Israeli-held West Jerusalem at the end of the 1948–49 Arab–Israeli War and has been occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.

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Economy of Jordan

Jordan's GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s, declined 30% in the 1980s, and rose 36% in the 1990s.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Egyptian Air Force

The Egyptian Air Force (EAF) (القوات الجوية المصرية), is the aviation branch of the Egyptian Armed Forces, is responsible for all airborne defence missions and operates all military aircraft, including those used in support of the Egyptian Army, Egyptian Navy and the Egyptian Air Defense Forces, created as a separate command in the 1970s, coordinates with the Air Force to integrate air and ground-based air defense operations.

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Egyptian–Czechoslovak arms deal

The Egyptian-Czechoslovak arms deal was an agreement between the USSR and Egypt led by Gamal Abdel Nasser, announced in September 1955, to supply Egypt with more than $250 million worth of modern Soviet weaponry, through Czechoslovakia.

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Eisenhower Doctrine

The Eisenhower Doctrine was a policy enunciated by Dwight D. Eisenhower on January 5, 1957, within a "Special Message to the Congress on the Situation in the Middle East".

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Elections in Jordan

Elections in Jordan are for the lower house, known as the House of Representatives, of the bicameral parliament of Jordan, as well as for local elections.

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Emirate of Transjordan

The Emirate of Transjordan (إمارة شرق الأردن lit. "Emirate of east Jordan"), also hyphenated as Trans-Jordan and previously known as Transjordania or Trans-Jordania, was a British protectorate established in April 1921.

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English literature

This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States.

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Enthroned

Enthroned is a black metal band formed in Charleroi, Belgium, in 1993 by Cernunnos.

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Ethiopia

Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.

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Ethiopian Empire

The Ethiopian Empire (የኢትዮጵያ ንጉሠ ነገሥት መንግሥተ), also known as Abyssinia (derived from the Arabic al-Habash), was a kingdom that spanned a geographical area in the current state of Ethiopia.

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Faisal II of Iraq

Faisal II (Arabic: الملك فيصل الثاني Al-Malik Fayṣal Ath-thānī) (2 May 1935 – 14 July 1958) was the last King of Iraq.

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Fatah

Fataḥ (فتح), formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, is a Palestinian nationalist political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC).

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Fatimah

Fatimah bint Muhammad (فاطمة;; especially colloquially: born c. 609 (or 20 Jumada al-Thani 5 BH ?) – died 28 August 632) was the youngest daughter and according to Shia Muslims, the only child of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah who lived to adulthood, and therefore part of Muhammad's household.

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Fawzi Mulki

Fawzi El-Mulki (1910–1962) (فوزي الملقي) was a Jordanian diplomat and politician.

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Fayez Tarawneh

Fayez Tarawneh (فايز الطراونة) (born 1 May 1949) is an independent Jordanian politician, who served twice as prime minister of Jordan.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Freedom of speech

Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.

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Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (جمال عبد الناصر حسين,; 15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death in 1970.

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Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". قطاع غزة), or simply Gaza, is a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border.

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General Intelligence Directorate (Jordan)

Jordanian General Intelligence Directorate, or GID (Arabic: دائرة المخابرات العامة) is the intelligence agency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and a branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces.

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Geneva Conventions

Original document as PDF in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war.

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George H. W. Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.

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George P. Shultz

George Pratt Shultz (born December 13, 1920) is an American economist, elder statesman, and businessman.

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Gerald Ford

Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King Jr; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries.

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Golan Heights

The Golan Heights (هضبة الجولان or مرتفعات الجولان, רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a region in the Levant, spanning about.

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Golda Meir

Golda Meir (גּוֹלְדָּה מֵאִיר;, born Golda Mabovitch, May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was an Israeli teacher, kibbutznik, stateswoman, politician and the fourth Prime Minister of Israel.

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Greater Amman Municipality

The Greater Amman Municipality (GAM; أمانة عمان الكبرى) is the municipality (amanah) incorporating the metropolitan region of Amman, the capital of Jordan, and the bulk of the population of the larger Amman Governorate.

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Greece

No description.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Gross national product

Gross national product (GNP) is the market value of all the goods and services produced in one year by labor and property supplied by the citizens of a country.

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Grozny

Grozny (p; Соьлжа-ГӀала) is the capital city of the Chechen Republic, Russia.

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Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.

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Guinea

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.

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Gulf Cooperation Council

The Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية), originally (and still colloquially) known as the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC, مجلس التعاون الخليجي), is a regional intergovernmental political and economic union consisting of all Arab states of the Persian Gulf except Iraq.

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Gulf War

The Gulf War (2 August 199028 February 1991), codenamed Operation Desert Shield (2 August 199017 January 1991) for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm (17 January 199128 February 1991) in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

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Gunnar Jarring

Gunnar Valfrid Jarring (12 October 1907 – 29 May 2002) was a Swedish diplomat and Turkologist.

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Habis al-Majali

Field Marshal Habis al-Majali (Arabic: حابس المجالي; ‎ 1914 – April 22, 2001) was a noted Jordanian soldier from the southern city of Al Karak, Habis served as Chief of staff, Jordanian Armed Forces 1958-1975, Minister of Defence 1967-1968, and 20-year member of the Jordanian Senate for 5 terms (1967, 1984, 1989, 1993 and 1997).

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Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad (حافظ الأسد,; 6 October 1930 – 10 June 2000) was a Syrian politician and field marshal of the Syrian Armed Forces who served as President of Syria from 1971 to 2000.

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Hamas

Hamas (Arabic: حماس Ḥamās, an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization.

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Harley-Davidson

Harley-Davidson, Inc. (H-D), or Harley, is an American motorcycle manufacturer, founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin in 1903.

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Harrow School

Harrow School is an independent boarding school for boys in Harrow, London, England.

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Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites

Hashemite custodianship of Jerusalem holy sites refers to Jordan's royal family role in tending Muslim and Christian holy sites in the city of Jerusalem.

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Hashemites

The Hashemites (الهاشميون, Al-Hāshimīyūn; also House of Hashim) are the ruling royal family of Jordan.

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Hawker Hunter

The Hawker Hunter is a transonic British jet-powered fighter aircraft that was developed by Hawker Aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF) during the late 1940s and early 1950s.

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Haya bint Hussein

Princess Haya bint Hussein (الأميرة هيا بنت الحسين; born 3 May 1974) is the daughter of King Hussein of Jordan and his third wife, Queen Alia, and the half-sister of King Abdullah II.

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Hazza' al-Majali

Hazza' Barakat al-Majali (1917 – 29 August 1960) (هزاع بركات المجالي was two-time Prime Minister of Jordan. His first term lasted one week in 1955, his second term lasted from mid-1959 until his assassination.

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Heir apparent

An heir apparent is a person who is first in a line of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person.

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Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger, May 27, 1923) is an American statesman, political scientist, diplomat and geopolitical consultant who served as the United States Secretary of State and National Security Advisor under the presidential administrations of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.

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Holy See

The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.

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Hosni Mubarak

Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak (محمد حسني السيد مبارك,,; born 4 May 1928) is a former Egyptian military and political leader who served as the fourth President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011.

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House of Representatives

House of Representatives is the name of legislative bodies in many countries and sub-national entitles.

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House of Saud

The House of Saud (Āl Suʻūd) is the ruling royal family of Saudi Arabia.

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Husayn Al-Khalidi

Husayn Fakhri al-Khalidi (حسين فخري الخالدي) was born in Jerusalem.

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Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca

Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī al-Hāshimī; 1853/18544 June 1931) was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908 and, after proclaiming the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire, King of the Hejaz from 1916 to 1924.

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Hussein ibn Nasser

Hussein ibn Nasser (1902 – 1 May 1982, GCVO) Sharif was a Jordanian Premier Minister and Ambassador.

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Hussein, Crown Prince of Jordan

Hussein bin Abdullah (حسين بن عبد الله, Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbdullāh; born 28 June 1994) is the heir apparent of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Ibrahim Hashem

Ibrahim Hashem (إبراهيم هاشم, 1886 – 14 June 1958) was a Jordanian lawyer and politician of Palestinian descent who served in several high offices under Faisal I of Iraq, Abdullah I of Jordan and Hussein of Jordan.

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Imperial House of Japan

The, also referred to as the Imperial Family and the Yamato Dynasty, comprises those members of the extended family of the reigning Emperor of Japan who undertake official and public duties.

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Imperialism

Imperialism is a policy that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of lands by purchase, diplomacy or military force.

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In absentia

Absentia is Latin for absence.

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Independent politician

An independent or nonpartisan politician is an individual politician not affiliated with any political party.

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International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., consisting of "189 countries working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world." Formed in 1945 at the Bretton Woods Conference primarily by the ideas of Harry Dexter White and John Maynard Keynes, it came into formal existence in 1945 with 29 member countries and the goal of reconstructing the international payment system.

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Invasion of Kuwait

The Invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 was a 2-day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.

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Irbid

Irbid (إربد), known in ancient times as Arabella or Arbela, is the capital and largest city of the Irbid Governorate.

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Islamic Action Front

The Islamic Action Front (IAF) (Jabhat al-'Amal al-Islami, Arabic: جبهة العمل الإسلامي) is an Islamist political party in Jordan.

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Islamic calendar

The Islamic, Muslim, or Hijri calendar (التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 months in a year of 354 or 355 days.

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Island of Peace

The Island of Peace is an area which is under Jordan's sovereignty with Israeli private land ownership rights and property interests.

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Island of Peace massacre

The Island of Peace massacre was a mass murder attack that occurred at the Island of Peace site in Naharayim on March 13, 1997, in which a Jordanian soldier opened fire at a large group of Israeli schoolgirls from the AMIT Fuerst School in Beit Shemesh who were on a class field trip, killing seven of them and injuring six others, before a group of Jordanian soldiers seized him and rushed to help the victims.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel"; جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي), commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.

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Israel–Jordan peace treaty

The Israel–Jordan peace treaty or in full "Treaty of Peace Between the State of Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" (הסכם השלום בין ישראל לירדן; transliterated: Heskem Ha-Shalom beyn Yisra'el Le-Yarden; معاهدة السلام الأردنية الإسرائيلية; Arabic transliteration: Mu'ahadat as-Salaam al-'Urdunniyah al-Isra'yliyah), sometimes referred to as Wadi Araba Treaty, was signed in 1994.

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Israeli Air Force

The Israeli Air Force (IAF; זְרוֹעַ הָאֲוִיר וְהֶחָלָל, Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as, Kheil HaAvir, "Air Corps") operates as the aerial warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces.

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Israeli general election, 1996

General elections were held in Israel on 29 May 1996.

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Israeli Labor Party

The Israeli Labor Party (מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית, translit.), commonly known as HaAvoda (הָעֲבוֹדָה), is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel.

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Israeli-occupied territories

The Israeli-occupied territories are the territories occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967.

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Israeli–Palestinian conflict

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict (Ha'Sikhsukh Ha'Yisraeli-Falestini; al-Niza'a al-Filastini-al-Israili) is the ongoing struggle between Israelis and Palestinians that began in the mid-20th century.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Jack O'Connell (diplomat)

John W. "Jack" O'Connell (August 18, 1921– July 12, 2010) was an American intelligence official, lawyer, diplomat, and author.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Jarring Mission

The Jarring Mission refers to efforts undertaken by Gunnar Jarring to achieve a peaceful settlement of the conflict between Israel and its Arab neighbors following the Six-Day War in 1967.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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John Bagot Glubb

Lieutenant-General Sir John Bagot Glubb, KCB, CMG, DSO, OBE, MC, KStJ, KPM (16 April 1897 – 17 March 1986), known as Glubb Pasha, was a British soldier, scholar and author, who led and trained Transjordan's Arab Legion between 1939 and 1956 as its commanding general.

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Joint Special Operations Command (Jordan)

The Special Operation Forces of the Jordanian Armed Forces serve as Jordan's premiere special forces unit.

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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Jordanian annexation of the West Bank

The Jordanian annexation of the West Bank was the occupation and consequent annexation of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) by Jordan (formerly Transjordan) in the aftermath of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

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Jordanian Armed Forces

The Jordan Armed Forces (القوات المسلحة الأردنية), also referred to as the Arab Army (الجيش العربي), are the military forces of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.

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Jordanian Communist Party

The Jordanian Communist Party (JCP; الحزب الشیوعی الاردنی, Hizb al-Shuyu'iyah al-Urduni) is a communist party in Jordan, founded in 1948.

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Jordanian dinar

The Jordanian dinar (دينار; code: JOD; unofficially abbreviated as JD) has been the currency of Jordan since 1950.

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Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank

Jordanian disengagement from the West Bank (in Arabic: قرار فك الارتباط), in which Jordan surrendered the claim to sovereignty over the West Bank, took place on 31 July 1988.

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Jordanian general election, 1954

General elections were held in Jordan on 16 October 1954, the first that political parties were allowed to contest.

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Jordanian general election, 1956

General elections were held in Jordan on 21 October 1956.

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Jordanian general election, 1967

General elections were held in Jordan on 27 April 1967.

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Jordanian general election, 1989

General elections were held in Jordan on 8 November 1989, the first since 1967.

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Jordanian general election, 1993

General elections were held in Jordan on 8 November 1993,Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I, p148 the first in which political parties were allowed to run since 1956.

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Jordanian general election, 1997

General elections were held in Jordan on 4 November 1997.

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Jordanian House of Representatives

The House of Representatives of Jordan is the elected lower house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the Senate, composes the legislature of Jordan.

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Jordanian nationalism

Jordanian Nationalism is a nationalistic ideology that considers the Jordanian People a part of the Arab Nation.

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Jordanian Senate

The Senate of Jordan is the upper house of the Jordanian parliament which, along with the House of Representatives forms the legislature of Jordan.

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Jumu'ah

Jumu'ah (صلاة الجمعة, ṣalāt al-jumu‘ah, "Friday prayer"), is a congregational prayer (ṣalāt) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon instead of the Zuhr prayer.

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Karameh

Al-Karameh (الكرامة), or simply Karameh, is a town in central Jordan, near the Allenby Bridge which spans the Jordan River.

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Kassim Al-Rimawi

Kassim al-Rimawi (قاسم الريماوي) (11 January 1918 – 29 April 1982) was the 52nd the Prime Minister of Jordan from 3 July 1980 to 28 August 1980.

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Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan,; kəzɐxˈstan), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasy; Respublika Kazakhstan), is the world's largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world, with an area of.

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Khaled Mashal

Khaled Mashal (خالد مشعل, Levantine Arabic:, born 28 May 1956) is a Palestinian political leader and the leader of the Islamic Palestinian organization Hamas since the Israeli assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi in 2004.

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King Hussein Cancer Center

King Hussein Cancer Center under expansion. The King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) (Arabic مركز الحسين للسرطان),,.

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King Hussein Medical Center

King Hussein Medical Center (Arabic مدينة الحسين الطبية),,.

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King Hussein's federation plan

King Hussein's federation plan (in Arabic: المملكة العربية المتحدة) was a political program proposed by King Hussein of Jordan during a speech to Parliament on March 15, 1972 which aimed to establish a Jordanian-Palestinian federation named the "United Arab Kingdom" on the condition that Israel would concede the control of East Jerusalem to the Jordanian-Palestinian federation so that it would become the capital of its Palestinian federal district.

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Kingdom of Iraq

The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq (المملكة العراقية الهاشمية) was founded on 23 August 1921 under British administration following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in the Mesopotamian campaign of World War I. Although a League of Nations mandate was awarded to the UK in 1920, the 1920 Iraqi revolt resulted in the scrapping of the original mandate plan in favor of a British administered semi-independent kingdom, under the Hashemite allies of Britain, via the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty.

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Kofi Annan

Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 1997 to December 2006.

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Kuwait

Kuwait (الكويت, or), officially the State of Kuwait (دولة الكويت), is a country in Western Asia.

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Lausanne

Lausanne (Lausanne Losanna, Losanna) is a city in the French-speaking part of Switzerland, and the capital and biggest city of the canton of Vaud.

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Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life

Leap of Faith: Memoirs of an Unexpected Life (2003) is a book written by Queen Noor of Jordan, wife of the late Jordanian King Hussein I. Sharing a personal perspective on the past three decades of world history, Leap of Faith highlights Queen Noor's views on Islam and the West; the challenges of rearing her family; her work as Queen and humanitarian activist; and her struggles to protect her husband as he slipped into the illness that would kill him in 1999.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.

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Libya

Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Lieutenant colonel

Lieutenant colonel is a rank of commissioned officer in the armies, most marine forces and some air forces of the world, above a major and below a colonel.

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Lieutenant general

Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.

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Likud

Likud (הַלִּיכּוּד, translit. HaLikud, lit., The Consolidation), officially, the Likud-National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel.

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List of kings of Jordan

The King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is Jordan's head of state and monarch.

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List of Prime Ministers of Jordan

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Jordan since 1921.

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List of things named after King Hussein

This is a list of places, buildings, roads and other things named for King Hussein.

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Ma'an

Ma'an (معان) is a city in southern Jordan, southwest of the capital Amman.

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Madrid Conference of 1991

The Madrid Conference of 1991 was a peace conference, held from 30 October to 1 November 1991 in Madrid, hosted by Spain and co-sponsored by the United States and the Soviet Union.

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Malaysia

Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.

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Martial law

Martial law is the imposition of direct military control of normal civilian functions of government, especially in response to a temporary emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory. Martial law can be used by governments to enforce their rule over the public.

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Mayo Clinic

The Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit academic medical center based in Rochester, Minnesota focused on integrated clinical practice, education, and research.

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Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

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Middle East

The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).

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Mohammad Al-Abbasi

Brigadier General Mohammad Daoud known as Al-Za’eem Mohammad Daoud (الزعيم محمد داود; born 11 July 1914 – died 19 January 1972), was appointed Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the military government in Jordan during the events of Black September in Jordan in 1970.

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Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum

Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Arabic: محمد بن راشد آل مكتوم;; born 15 July 1949), is the Vice President and Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Ruler of the Emirate of Dubai.

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Morocco

Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.

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Mossad

Mossad (הַמוֹסָד,; الموساد,,; literally meaning "the Institute"), short for (המוסד למודיעין ולתפקידים מיוחדים, meaning "Institute for Intelligence and Special Operations"), is the national intelligence agency of Israel.

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Motion of no confidence

A motion of no confidence (alternatively vote of no confidence, no-confidence motion, or (unsuccessful) confidence motion) is a statement or vote which states that a person(s) in a position of responsibility (government, managerial, etc.) is no longer deemed fit to hold that position, perhaps because they are inadequate in some respect, are failing to carry out obligations, or are making decisions that other members feel are detrimental.

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Mudar Badran

Mudar Mohammad Ayesh Badran (مضر بدران) (born 1934) is a former Jordanian politician and government minister, and starting 1993, a Jordanian industrialist mainly in steel manufacturing.

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Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

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Multi-party system

A multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.

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Munich massacre

The Munich massacre was an attack during the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, West Germany, in which the Palestinian terrorist group Black September took eleven Israeli Olympic team members hostage and killed them along with a German police officer.

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Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون), is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the unified Islamic community (Ummah), consisting of all those who adhere to the religion of Islam, or to societies where Islam is practiced.

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Najeeb Halaby

Najeeb Elias Halaby, Jr. (نجيب إلياس حلبي; November 19, 1915 – July 2, 2003) was an American businessman, government official, celebrated aviator, and the father of Queen Noor of Jordan.

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Namesake

A namesake is a person named after another, or more broadly, a thing (such as a company, place, ship, building, or concept) named after a person.

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Nasserism

Nasserism (at-Tayyār an-Nāṣṣarī) is a socialist Arab nationalist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and Egypt's second President.

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National Socialist Party (Jordan)

The National Socialist Party (الحزب الوطني الاشتراكي, Al-Hizb Al-Watani Al-Ishtiraki) was a socialist political party established in Jordan in 1954 by Arab nationalists who then elected Suleiman Nabulsi as the party's leader.

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Nelson Mandela

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013) was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a group of blood cancers that includes all types of lymphoma except Hodgkin's lymphomas.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Nuri al-Said

Nuri Pasha al-Said (December 1888 – 15 July 1958) (نوري السعيد) was an Iraqi politician during the British Mandate of Iraq and the Kingdom of Iraq.

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Old City (Jerusalem)

The Old City (הָעִיר הָעַתִּיקָה, Ha'Ir Ha'Atiqah, البلدة القديمة, al-Balda al-Qadimah) is a walled area within the modern city of Jerusalem.

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One man, one vote

One man, one vote (or one person, one vote) is a slogan used by advocates of political equality through various electoral reforms such as universal suffrage, proportional representation, or the elimination of plurality voting, malapportionment, or gerrymandering.

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Order of Al-Hussein bin Ali

The Order of al-Hussein bin Ali is the highest knighthood order of the Kingdom of Jordan.

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Order of Idris I

The Order of Idris I (Nishan al-Idris) was founded by King Idris I in 1947 when Emir of Cyrenaica.

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Order of Independence

Order of Independence (or Independence Order) (Huân chương Độc lập) shall be conferred or posthumously conferred on individuals who have recorded exceptionally outstanding achievements in one of the political, economic, social, literature, art, scientific, technological, defense, security, diplomatic or other domains.

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Order of Isabella the Catholic

The Order of Isabella the Catholic (Orden de Isabel la Católica) is a Spanish civil order in which membership is granted in recognition of services that benefit the country.

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Order of King Abdulaziz

The Order of King Abdulaziz is a Saudi-Arabian Order of Merit.

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Order of Leopold (Belgium)

The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.

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Order of Merit (Lebanon)

The Order of Merit is a Lebanese order of merit established in 16 January 1922.

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Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland) is the only federal decoration of Germany.

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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Ordine al merito della Repubblica Italiana) was founded as the senior order of knighthood by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi in 1951.

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Order of Mubarak the Great

The Order of Mubarak the Great (Wisam Mubarak al-Kabir) is a knighthood order of Kuwait.

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Order of Muhammad

The Order of Muhammad, also referred to as Order of Sovereignty (Arabic: Wissam al-Mohammadi, French: Ordre de la Souverainete or Ordre de Mohammed), is the highest state decoration of the Kingdom of Morocco.

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Order of Pahlavi

The Order of Pahlavi of the Empire of Iran, in Persian: "Neshan-e Pahlavi" was the highest order of the former Imperial State of Iran.

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Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)

The Order of St John, formally the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (l'ordre très vénérable de l'Hôpital de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem) and also known as St John International, is a British royal order of chivalry first constituted in 1888 by royal charter from Queen Victoria.

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Order of Sikatuna

The Order of Sikatuna (Orden ni Sikatuna) is the national order of diplomatic merit of the Republic of the Philippines.

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Order of Solomon

The Imperial Order of Solomon was an order of knighthood of the Ethiopian Empire founded in 1874.

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Order of St. Olav

The Royal Norwegian Order of Saint Olav (Den Kongelige Norske Sankt Olavs Orden; or Sanct Olafs Orden, the old Norwegian name) is a Norwegian order of chivalry instituted by King Oscar I on August 21, 1847.

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Order of the Bath

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly the Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath) is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725.

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Order of the Chrysanthemum

is Japan's highest order.

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Order of the Crown of the Realm

The Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm (Darjah Utama Seri Mahkota Negara) is a Malaysian Federal Award.

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Order of the Elephant

The Order of the Elephant (Elefantordenen) is a Danish order of chivalry and is Denmark's highest-ranked honour.

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Order of the Golden Fleece

The Order of the Golden Fleece (Orden del Toisón de Oro, Orden vom Goldenen Vlies) is a Roman Catholic order of chivalry founded in Bruges by the Burgundian duke Philip the Good in 1430, to celebrate his marriage to the Portuguese princess Isabella.

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Order of the Golden Spur

The Order of the Golden Spur (Ordine dello Speron d'Oro, Ordre de l'Éperon d'or), officially known also as the Order of the Golden Militia (Ordo Militia Aurata, Milizia Aurata), is a Papal Order of Knighthood conferred upon those who have rendered distinguished service in propagating the Catholic faith, or who have contributed to the glory of the Church, either by feat of arms, by writings, or by other illustrious acts.

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Order of the Netherlands Lion

The Order of the Netherlands Lion, also referred to as the Order of the Lion of the Netherlands (De Orde van de Nederlandse Leeuw, L'Ordre du Lion Néerlandais) is a Dutch order of chivalry founded by King William I of the Netherlands on 29 September 1815.

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Order of the Nile

The Order of the Nile (Kiladat El Nil) was established in 1915 and served as one of the Kingdom of Egypt’s principal orders until the monarchy was abolished in 1953.

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Order of the Redeemer

The Order of the Redeemer (translit), also known as the Order of the Saviour, is an order of merit of Greece.

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Order of the Star of Jordan

The Order of the Star of Jordan (Wisam al-Kawkab al-Urduni) or The Order of Hussein ibn Ali (Wisam al-Hussein ibn Ali) is an award and military decoration of the sovereign state of Jordan and is awarded for military or civil merit.

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Order of the Tower and Sword

The Military Order of the Tower and of the Sword, of Valour, Loyalty and Merit (Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito) is a Portuguese order of knighthood and the pinnacle of the Portuguese honours system.

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Order of the Two Rivers

The Order of the Two Rivers (Wisam Al Rafidain) was an Order awarded by the Kings of Iraq and then the Presidents of Iraq.

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Order of the White Rose of Finland

The Order of the White Rose of Finland (Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun ritarikunta; Finlands Vita Ros’ orden) is one of three official orders in Finland, along with the Order of the Cross of Liberty, and the Order of the Lion of Finland.

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Order of the Yugoslav Star

Order of the Yugoslav Star (Orden jugoslavenske zvijezde; Орден југословенске звезде; Red jugoslovanske zvezde; Орден југословенска ѕвезда) was the highest National order of merit awarded in Yugoslavia.

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Order of Umayyad

The Order of Umayyad (Arabic: وسام أمية الوطني) is the highest knighthood order of Syria.

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Oslo Accords

The Oslo Accords are a set of agreements between the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; (DOP), 13 September 1993.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Palestine Liberation Army

The Palestine Liberation Army (PLA, جيش التحرير الفلسطيني, Jaysh al-Tahrir al-Filastini) was ostensibly set up as the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) at the 1964 Arab League summit held in Alexandria, Egypt, with the mission of fighting Israel.

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Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of the "liberation of Palestine" through armed struggle, with much of its violence aimed at Israeli civilians.

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Palestinian fedayeen

Palestinian fedayeen (from the Arabic fidā'ī, plural fidā'iyūn, فدائيون) are militants or guerrillas of a nationalist orientation from among the Palestinian people.

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Palestinian National Authority

The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza–Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords.

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Palestinians

The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.

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Pan-Arabism

Pan-Arabism, or simply Arabism, is an ideology espousing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab world.

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Parliament of Jordan

The Parliament of Jordan (مجلس الأمة) is the bicameral Jordanian national assembly.

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Partisan (political)

In politics, a partisan is a committed member of a political party or political coalitions.

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Patrilineality

Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli.

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Port of Aqaba

The Port of Aqaba is the only port in Jordan, and is owned and operated by the Aqaba Port Corporation.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Prince Ali bin Hussein

Prince Ali bin Hussein (الأمير علي بن الحسين; born 23 December 1975) is the third son of King Hussein of Jordan, and the second child of the king by his third wife, Queen Alia.

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Prince Asem bin Nayef

Prince Asem "Abu Bakr" bin Nayef (الأمير عاصم بن نايف) was born in Alexandria, Egypt on 27 April 1948.

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Prince Faisal bin Hussein

Prince Faisal bin Hussein (فيصل بن حسين; born 11 October 1963) is a son of King Hussein and Princess Muna, and the younger brother of King Abdullah II.

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Prince Hamzah bin Hussein

Prince Hamzah bin Hussein, (حمزة بن الحسين) (born 29 March 1980) is the elder son of King Hussein of Jordan and his American-born fourth wife, Queen Noor.

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Prince Hashem bin Abdullah

Prince Hashem bin Abdullah (هاشم بن عبد الله; born 30 January 2005) is the fourth child and second son of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania.

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Prince Hashim bin Hussein

Prince Hashim bin Hussein (born 10 June 1981) is the younger of the two sons of King Hussein and Queen Noor.

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Prince Hassan bin Talal

Prince Hassan bin Talal (الحسن بن طلال, born 20 March 1947) is a member of the Jordanian royal family.

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Prince Muhammad bin Talal

Prince Muhammad bin Talal (born 2 October 1940) is the second son of King Talal of Jordan and is the younger brother of King Hussein of Jordan.

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Prince Nayef bin Abdullah

Prince Nayef bin Abdullah (14 November 1914 – 12 October 1983) was the youngest son of King Abdullah I of Jordan and his second wife, Suzdil Khanum.

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Prince Omar bin Faisal

Prince Omar bin Faisal of Jordan (born 22 October 1993) is the second child and elder son of Prince Faisal bin Hussein and Princess Alia and is a nephew of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Princess Aisha bint Faisal

Princess Aisha bint Faisal of Jordan (born 27 March 1997) is the daughter of Prince Faisal bin Hussein and Princess Alia, and a niece of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Princess Aisha bint Hussein

Princess Aisha bint Hussein (born 23 April 1968) is the sister of King Abdullah II of Jordan and is the twin sister of Princess Zein.

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Princess Alia bint Hussein

Princess Alia bint Hussein (born 13 February 1956) is the eldest child of King Hussein of Jordan from his first wife, Sharifa Dina bint Abdul-Hamid.

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Princess Alia Tabbaa

Princess Alia Tabbaa (born 15 September 1964) is the former wife of Prince Faisal bin Hussein.

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Princess Ayah bint Faisal

Princess Ayah bint Faisal of Jordan (born 11 February 1990) is the daughter of Prince Faisal bin Hussein and Princess Alia and is a niece of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Princess Basma bint Talal

Princess Basma bint Talal (born 11 May 1951) is the only daughter of King Talal and Queen Zein, sister of King Hussein and paternal aunt to the current king, King Abdullah II.

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Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad

Princess Basmah Bani Ahmad (الأميرة بسمة بني أحمد; born 1979) is the second wife of Prince Hamzah bin Hussein of Jordan.

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Princess Iman bint Abdullah

Princess Iman bint Abdullah (إيمان بنت عبدالله.; born 27 September 1996) is the second child and eldest daughter of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania of Jordan.

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Princess Iman bint ِHussein

Princess Iman bint Al Hussein (born 24 April 1983) is the daughter of King Hussein and Queen Noor of Jordan.

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Princess Muna al-Hussein

Princess Muna al-Hussein (born Antoinette Avril Gardiner; 25 April 1941) is the mother of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Princess Noor bint Asem

Princess Noor bint Asem (نور بنت عاصم; born 6 October 1982) is a member of the Jordanian Royal Family.

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Princess of Asturias Awards

The Princess of Asturias Awards (Premios Princesa de Asturias, Premios Princesa d'Asturies), formerly the Prince of Asturias Awards from 1981–2014 (Premios Príncipe de Asturias) are a series of annual prizes awarded in Spain by the Princess of Asturias Foundation (previously the Prince of Asturias Foundation) to individuals, entities or organizations from around the world who make notable achievements in the sciences, humanities, and public affairs.

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Princess Raiyah bint Hussein

Princess Raiyah bint Hussein (born 9 February 1986) is the youngest daughter of King Hussein of Jordan and Queen Noor.

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Princess Rym al-Ali

Princess Rym al-Ali (born 1969) is the Algerian wife of Prince Ali bin Hussein of Jordan, whom she married on September 7, 2004.

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Princess Salma bint Abdullah

Princess Salma bint Abdullah (سلمى بنت عبدالله; born 26 September 2000) is the second daughter and third child of King Abdullah II and Queen Rania.

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Princess Sara bint Faisal

Princess Sara bint Faisal of Jordan (born 27 March 1997) is the daughter of Prince Faisal bin Hussein and Princess Alia, and a niece of King Abdullah II of Jordan.

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Princess Zein bint Hussein

Princess Zein bint Hussein (born 23 April 1968) is the sister of King Abdullah II of Jordan and the twin sister of Princess Aisha bint Hussein.

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Proportional representation

Proportional representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems by which divisions into an electorate are reflected proportionately into the elected body.

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Public Security Directorate

Jordan Public Security Directorate, or PSD (Arabic: مديرية الأمن العام) is a public security agency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, which lies under the jurisdiction of the country's Ministry of Interior.

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Qana massacre

The Qana massacre took place on April 18, 1996, near Qana, a village in Southern Lebanon, when the Israel Defense Forces fired artillery shells at a United Nations compound.

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Qatar

Qatar (or; قطر; local vernacular pronunciation), officially the State of Qatar (دولة قطر), is a sovereign country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Qibya

Qibya (قبية) is a Palestinian village in the West Bank, located northwest of Ramallah and exactly north of the large Israeli city of Modi'in.

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Qibya massacre

The Qibya massacre, also known as the Qibya incident, occurred during "Operation Shoshana", a reprisal operation that occurred in October 1953 when Israeli troops under Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank.

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Queen Alia International Airport

Queen Alia International Airport (مطار الملكة علياء الدولي; transliterated: Matar Al-Malikah Alia Ad-Dowali) is Jordan's main and largest airport and is located in Zizya south of the capital city, Amman.

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Queen Noor of Jordan

Noor Al-Hussein (الملكة نور; born Lisa Najeeb Halaby on 23 August 1951) is the queen dowager of Jordan as the widow of King Hussein.

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Queen Rania of Jordan

Rania Al-Abdullah (رانيا العبد الله,; born Rania Al-Yassin on 31 August 1970) is the queen consort of Jordan.

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Raghadan Palace

Raghadan Palace is a crown palace located in the Royal Court compound of Al-Maquar in Amman, Jordan.

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Rashidun Caliphate

The Rashidun Caliphate (اَلْخِلَافَةُ ٱلرَّاشِدَةُ) (632–661) was the first of the four major caliphates established after the death of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad.

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Regent

A regent (from the Latin regens: ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state because the monarch is a minor, is absent or is incapacitated.

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Reprisal operations

Reprisal operations (פעולות התגמול) were raids carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in the 1950s and 1960s in response to frequent fedayeen attacks during which armed Arab militants infiltrated Israel from Syria, Egypt and Jordan to carry out attacks on Israeli civilians and soldiers.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Royal Jordanian Air Force

The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF; Arabic: سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني, transliterated Silāḥ ul-Jawu al-Malakī ’al-Urdunī) is the air force of the Jordanian Armed Forces.

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Royal Military Academy Sandhurst

The Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS or RMA Sandhurst), commonly known simply as Sandhurst, is one of several military academies of the United Kingdom and is the British Army's initial officer training centre.

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Royal Order of the Seraphim

The Royal Order of the Seraphim (Swedish: Kungliga Serafimerorden; Seraphim being a category of Angels) is a Swedish order of chivalry created by King Frederick I on 23 February 1748, together with the Order of the Sword and the Order of the Polar Star.

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Royal Victorian Chain

The Royal Victorian Chain is a decoration instituted in 1902 by King Edward VII as a personal award of the monarch (i.e. not an award made on the advice of any Commonwealth realm government).

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Royal Victorian Order

The Royal Victorian Order (Ordre royal de Victoria) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Saad Jumaa

Saad Mohammad Jumaa (سعد جمعه; 1916 – 19 August 1979) was a Jordanian politician and a former Prime Minister of Jordan.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.

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Samir Al-Rifai

Samir al-Rifai (سمير الرفاعي, 30 January 1901 – 12 October 1965) was a six-time Prime Minister of Jordan.

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Samu Incident

The Samu incident or Battle of Samu was a large cross-border assault on 13 November 1966 by Israeli military on the Jordanian-controlled West Bank village of Samu in response to an al-Fatah land mine attack two days earlier near the West Bank border, which killed 3 Israeli soldiers on a border patrol.

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Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula.

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Saudi conquest of Hejaz

The Saudi conquest of Hejaz or the Second Saudi-Hashemite War was a campaign engaged by Saudi Sultan Abdulaziz Ibn Saud to take over the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz in 1924-1925, ending with conquest and incorporation of Hejaz into the Saudi domain.

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Sayyid

Sayyid (also spelt Syed, Saiyed,Seyit,Seyd, Said, Sayed, Sayyed, Saiyid, Seyed and Seyyed) (سيد,; meaning "Mister"; plural سادة) is an honorific title denoting people (سيدة for females) accepted as descendants of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through his grandsons, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali (combined Hasnain), sons of Muhammad's daughter Fatimah and son-in-law Ali (Ali ibn Abi Talib).

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Sa`id Al-Mufti

Said Pasha al- Mufti (26 June 1898 – 25 March 1989) (سعيد المفتي);(Хьэбжьокъуэ Сайд)) was the Prime Minister of Jordan and a Jordanian political figure of Circassian origin. Said Pasha received Emir Abdullah with a few Jordanian Sheikhs, when he came to Jordan and was leading the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottoman rule. Al-Mufti served as the Prime Minister of Jordan for 3 times during the period (14 April 1950 - 1 July 1956). Al-Mufti inhabited a house on Jabal Amman which was an area for the Elites in Amman; His house became known for its architecture and was later dubbed the Al-Mufti House. Al-Mufti was an Independent politician, serving in several governments as interior minister (1944-1945, 1948-1950, 1951-1953 and 1957). He also served President of the Senate of Jordan after 1963. On his honor a main street in the Capital of Amman in Al-Sweifieh was named "Sa`eed al-Mufti Street", where the Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina located.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Sharif

Sharif (also transliterated Sharīf or Sherif) / Shareef, Alsharif, Alshareef (شريف), or Chérif (Darija: Chorfa) is a traditional Arab title.

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Sharif of Mecca

The Sharif of Mecca (شريف مكة, Sharīf Makkah) or Hejaz (شريف الحجاز, Sharīf al-Ḥijāz) was the title of the leader of the Sharifate of Mecca, traditional steward of the holy cities of Mecca and Medina and the surrounding Hejaz.

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Shimon Peres

Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס,; born Szymon Perski; August 2, 1923 – September 28, 2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s.

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Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (now usually) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים, Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim; Arabic: النكسة, an-Naksah, "The Setback" or حرب ۱۹٦۷, Ḥarb 1967, "War of 1967"), also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between 5 and 10 June 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria.

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Socialism

Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Standard of living

Standard of living refers to the level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area, usually a country.

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State within a state

A state within a state or a deep state is a political situation in a country when an internal organ ("deep state"), such as the armed forces or public authorities (intelligence agencies, police, secret police, administrative agencies, and branches of government bureaucracy), does not respond to the civilian political leadership.

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Suez Canal

thumb The Suez Canal (قناة السويس) is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez.

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Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis, or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also named the Tripartite Aggression (in the Arab world) and Operation Kadesh or Sinai War (in Israel),Also named: Suez Canal Crisis, Suez War, Suez–Sinai war, Suez Campaign, Sinai Campaign, Operation Musketeer (أزمة السويس /‎ العدوان الثلاثي, "Suez Crisis"/ "the Tripartite Aggression"; Crise du canal de Suez; מבצע קדש "Operation Kadesh", or מלחמת סיני, "Sinai War") was an invasion of Egypt in late 1956 by Israel, followed by the United Kingdom and France.

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Suleiman Nabulsi

Suleiman Nabulsi (سليمان النابلسي, 1908 – 14 October 1976) was a Jordanian political figure who served as Prime Minister of Jordan in 1956–57, and was the head of the only elected government in Jordan's history.

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Suleiman Nabulsi's cabinet

The 1956 election for the lower House of Representatives was held on 21 October in Jordan.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supreme Order of the Renaissance

The Supreme Order of the Renaissance is the second knighthood order of the Kingdom of Jordan.

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Susan Cabot

Susan Cabot (July 9, 1927 – December 10, 1986) was an American film and television actress.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Tafilah

At-Tafilah (الطفيلة), also spelled Tafila, is a town with a population of 27559 people in southern Jordan, located southwest of Amman.

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Taher al-Masri

Taher Nashat al-Masri (طاهر المصري) is a Jordanian of Palestinian origin who served as Prime Minister of Jordan from 19 June 1991 to 21 November 1991.

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Talal of Jordan

Talal bin Abdullah (طلال بن عبد الله,; 26 February 1909 – 7 July 1972) was King of Jordan from the assassination of his father, King Abdullah I, on 20 July 1951, until he was forced to abdicate by Parliament on 11 August 1952.

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Tawfik Abu Al-Huda

Tawfik Abu al-Huda (توفيق ابو الهدى) (also known as Tawfik Pasha Abul-Huda) (1894 – 1 July 1956) served several terms as Prime Minister of Jordan.

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv (תֵּל אָבִיב,, تل أَبيب) is the second most populous city in Israel – after Jerusalem – and the most populous city in the conurbation of Gush Dan, Israel's largest metropolitan area.

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Temple Mount

The Temple Mount (הַר הַבַּיִת, Har HaBáyit, "Mount of the House "), known to Muslims as the Haram esh-Sharif (الحرم الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary", or الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-Ḥaram al-Qudsī al-Šarīf, "the Noble Sanctuary of Jerusalem") and the Al Aqsa Compound is a hill located in the Old City of Jerusalem that for thousands of years has been venerated as a holy site, in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam alike.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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The Royal Hashemite Court

The Royal Hashemite Court (RHC) which is historically known as Al-Maqar (the Headquarters), is the administrative and political link between the King of Jordan and the Jordanian regime which includes constitutional authorities (governmental, legislative and judicial), the Armed Forces and the Security Services.

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Tony Blair

Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007.

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Tunisia

Tunisia (تونس; Berber: Tunes, ⵜⵓⵏⴻⵙ; Tunisie), officially the Republic of Tunisia, (الجمهورية التونسية) is a sovereign state in Northwest Africa, covering. Its northernmost point, Cape Angela, is the northernmost point on the African continent. It is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Tunisia's population was estimated to be just under 11.93 million in 2016. Tunisia's name is derived from its capital city, Tunis, which is located on its northeast coast. Geographically, Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains, and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert. Much of the rest of the country's land is fertile soil. Its of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and, by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel, feature the African mainland's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar. Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic. It is considered to be the only full democracy in the Arab World. It has a high human development index. It has an association agreement with the European Union; is a member of La Francophonie, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Arab Maghreb Union, the Arab League, the OIC, the Greater Arab Free Trade Area, the Community of Sahel-Saharan States, the African Union, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States. In addition, Tunisia is also a member state of the United Nations and a state party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Close relations with Europe in particular with France and with Italy have been forged through economic cooperation, privatisation and industrial modernization. In ancient times, Tunisia was primarily inhabited by Berbers. Phoenician immigration began in the 12th century BC; these immigrants founded Carthage. A major mercantile power and a military rival of the Roman Republic, Carthage was defeated by the Romans in 146 BC. The Romans, who would occupy Tunisia for most of the next eight hundred years, introduced Christianity and left architectural legacies like the El Djem amphitheater. After several attempts starting in 647, the Muslims conquered the whole of Tunisia by 697, followed by the Ottoman Empire between 1534 and 1574. The Ottomans held sway for over three hundred years. The French colonization of Tunisia occurred in 1881. Tunisia gained independence with Habib Bourguiba and declared the Tunisian Republic in 1957. In 2011, the Tunisian Revolution resulted in the overthrow of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, followed by parliamentary elections. The country voted for parliament again on 26 October 2014, and for President on 23 November 2014.

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Unified National Leadership of the Uprising

The Unified National Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU) (al-Qiyada al Muwhhada) was a coalition of the Local Palestinian leadership during the First Intifada and played an important role in mobilizing grassroots support for the uprising.

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Unitary state

A unitary state is a state governed as a single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate.

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United Arab Command

The United Arab Command (UAC) (also Unified Arab Command or Joint Arab Command) was a unified Arab military command established by unanimous resolution of the thirteen member states of the Arab League at the summit held in Cairo, Egypt, on 13–16 January 1964.

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United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic (UAR; الجمهورية العربية المتحدة) was, between 1958 and 1971, a sovereign state in the Middle East, and between 1958 and 1961, a short-lived political union consisting of Egypt (including the occupied Gaza Strip) and Syria.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 242

United Nations Security Council Resolution 242 (S/RES/242) was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on November 22, 1967, in the aftermath of the Six-Day War.

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United States Congress

The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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Ureter

In human anatomy, the ureters are tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.

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Victoria College, Alexandria

Victoria College, Alexandria, (كلية فيكتوريا) was founded in 1902 under the impetus of the recently ennobled Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl of Cromer of the Barings Bank, that was heavily invested in Egyptian stability.

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Wasfi al-Tal

Wasfi al-Tal (also Wasfi Tel) (19 January 1919 – 28 November 1971) (وصفي التل) was Prime Minister of Jordan for three separate terms.

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Washington, D.C.

Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.

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West Bank

The West Bank (الضفة الغربية; הגדה המערבית, HaGadah HaMa'aravit) is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, the bulk of it now under Israeli control, or else under joint Israeli-Palestinian Authority control.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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White House

The White House is the official residence and workplace of the President of the United States.

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Wye River Memorandum

The Wye River Memorandum was an agreement negotiated between Israel and the Palestinian Authority at a summit in Wye River, Maryland, U.S., held from 15–23 October 1998.

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Yasser Arafat

Mohammed Yasser Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa (محمد ياسر عبد الرحمن عبد الرؤوف عرفات; 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), popularly known as Yasser Arafat (ياسر عرفات) or by his kunya Abu Ammar (أبو عمار), was a Palestinian political leader.

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Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin (יצחק רבין,; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general.

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Yitzhak Shamir

Yitzhak Shamir (יצחק שמיר,; born Yitzhak Yezernitsky; October 22, 1915 – June 30, 2012) was an Israeli politician and the seventh Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms, 1983–84 and 1986–1992.

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Yom Kippur War

The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War (or מלחמת יום כיפור,;,, or حرب تشرين), also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was a war fought from October 6 to 25, 1973, by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel.

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Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija/Југославија; Jugoslavija; Југославија; Pannonian Rusyn: Югославия, transcr. Juhoslavija)Jugosllavia; Jugoszlávia; Juhoslávia; Iugoslavia; Jugoslávie; Iugoslavia; Yugoslavya; Югославия, transcr. Jugoslavija.

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Zaid al-Rifai

Zaid al-Rifai (زيد الرفاعي) (born 27 November 1936 in Amman, Jordan) is a former Prime Minister of Jordan.

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Zaid ibn Shaker

Zeid Ibn Shaker, GBE, CVO (4 September 1934 – 30 August 2002) (الامير زيد بن شاكر) served as commander-in-chief of the Jordanian military for more than twelve years and Prime Minister of Jordan three times.

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Zarqa

Az-Zarqā (الزرقاء; English: The Blue City BGN: Az Zarqāʼ; local pronunciation ez-Zergā, ez-Zer'a, or ez-Zarka) is the capital of Zarqa Governorate in Jordan.

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Zein Al-Sharaf Talal

Zein al-Sharaf Talal (2 August 1916 – 26 April 1994) was the Queen of Jordan as the wife of King Talal.

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14 July Revolution

The 14 July Revolution, also known as the 1958 Iraqi coup d'état, took place on 14 July 1958 in Iraq, and resulted in the overthrow of the Hashemite monarchy which had been established by King Faisal I in 1921 under the auspices of the British.

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16th arrondissement of Paris

The 16th arrondissement of Paris (XVIe arrondissement) is one of the 20 arrondissements of the capital city of France.

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1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, or the First Arab–Israeli War, was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war.

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1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt

The 1957 alleged Jordanian military coup attempt refers to violent confrontations on 13 April 1957 at the large army barracks in Zarqa between mostly Bedouin units loyal to King Hussein and Arab nationalist units.

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1961 Syrian coup d'état

The Syrian coup d'état of 1961 was an uprising by disgruntled Syrian Army officers on September 28, 1961, that resulted in the break-up of the United Arab Republic and the restoration of an independent Syrian Republic.

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1963 Syrian coup d'état

The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, referred to by the Syrian government as the 8 March Revolution (ثورة الثامن من آذار), was the successful seizure of power in Syria by the military committee of the Syrian Regional Branch of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.

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1964 Arab League summit (Cairo)

The 1964 Arab League summit was the first summit of the Arab League, held in Cairo, Egypt, on 13–16 January 1964 and attended by all thirteen of the then member states: United Arab Republic (Egypt), Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Yemen, Libya, Sudan, Morocco, Tunisia, Kuwait and Algeria.

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1974 Arab League summit

The 1974 Arab League summit was a meeting of Arab leaders held in Rabat, Morocco in 1974.

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1978 South Lebanon conflict

The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named Operation Litani by Israel) was an invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River, carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in 1978 in response to the Coastal Road massacre.

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1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון הראשונה, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (الاجتياح, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.

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1987 Arab League summit

The 1987 Arab League summit was held on 8 November in Amman as the sixteenth Arab League Summit.

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1989 Jordanian protests

The 1989 Jordanian protests (هبة نيسان, April boon) started in Ma'an on 18 April after the government cut food subsidies, increasing its price.

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2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire

The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire (جشن‌های ۲۵۰۰ سالهٔ شاهنشاهی ایران), officially known as The 2,500th year of Foundation of Imperial State of Iran (دوهزار و پانصدمین سال بنیانگذاری شاهنشاهی ایران), consisted of an elaborate set of festivities that took place on 12–16 October 1971 on the occasion of the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Imperial State of Iran and the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great.

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Redirects here:

Al-Husayn of Jordan, Husain of Jordan, Hussain bin Talal, Hussein Bin Talal, Hussein I, Hussein I of Jordan, Hussein bin Talal, Hussein de Jordanie, Hussein ibn Talal, Hussein of Jordon, Hussein of jordan, Hussein, King of Jordan, JY1, King Husain, King Hussain of Jordan, King Hussein, King Hussein I, King Hussein I of Jordan, King Hussein of Jordan, Summit of the Peacemakers.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan

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