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162 relations: ACE inhibitor, Action potential, Acute kidney injury, Addison's disease, Adrenaline, Aldosterone, Amiloride, Angiotensin II receptor blocker, Anthelmintic, Arginine, Asystole, Atenolol, Avocado, Banana, Beta blocker, Beta2-adrenergic agonist, Blood test, Blood transfusion, Blood urea nitrogen, Box jellyfish, Bradycardia, Bumetanide, Burn, Calcium, Calcium chloride, Calcium gluconate, Capital punishment, Cardiac arrest, Celecoxib, Cell (biology), Chlorothiazide, Chlortalidone, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ciclosporin, Clinical trial, Collecting duct system, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency, Correlation and dependence, Cortisol, Creatine kinase, Creatinine, Depolarization, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Diazoxide, Digoxin, ..., Distal convoluted tubule, Diuretic, Dominance (genetics), Electrocardiography, Electrolyte, Equivalent (chemistry), Extracellular fluid, Fludrocortisone, Furosemide, Gastrointestinal tract, Glomerulus, Glucose, Heart, Heart arrhythmia, Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, Hemolysis, Homeostasis, Hormone, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hyperkalemia, Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, Hypoaldosteronism, Hypoglycemia, Hypokalemia, Ibuprofen, Immunosuppressive drug, Insulin, Intensive care medicine, Intracellular, Ion, Ketoacidosis, Kidney, Kidney failure, Labetalol, Lactic acidosis, Large intestine, Lethal injection, Loop of Henle, Malaise, Medical history, Medication, Membrane potential, Metabolic acidosis, Mineralocorticoid, Minoxidil, Molar concentration, Molecular diffusion, Muscle weakness, Myalgia, Na+/K+-ATPase, Naproxen, Nav1.4, Necrosis, Nephrology, Neural accommodation, Neuron, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Norepinephrine, Octreotide, Oliguria, Orange (fruit), Palpitations, Paresthesia, Patiromer, Pentamidine, Polystyrene sulfonate, Potassium, Potassium chloride, Potassium-sparing diuretic, Potato, Propranolol, Prostaglandin, Proximal tubule, Pseudohypoaldosteronism, QRS complex, Refractory, Refractory period (physiology), Renal function, Renal physiology, Renal tubular acidosis, Renin–angiotensin system, Respiratory acidosis, Reversal potential, Rhabdomyolysis, Salbutamol, Sensitivity and specificity, Serum (blood), Sine wave, Sodium bicarbonate, Sodium channel, Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate, Sodium-chloride symporter, Sorbent, Sorbitol, Spironolactone, Suxamethonium chloride, Sweat gland, T wave, Tacrolimus, Thiazide, Threshold potential, Tomato, Torasemide, Trans-tubular potassium gradient, Triamterene, Trimethoprim, Tumor lysis syndrome, United Press International, UpToDate, Vegetable, Ventricular fibrillation. Expand index (112 more) »
ACE inhibitor
An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure.
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Action potential
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.
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Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is an abrupt loss of kidney function that develops within 7 days.
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Addison's disease
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency and hypocortisolism, is a long-term endocrine disorder in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough steroid hormones.
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Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.
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Amiloride
Amiloride, sold under the trade name Midamor among others, is a medication typically used with other medications to treat high blood pressure or swelling due to heart failure or cirrhosis of the liver.
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Angiotensin II receptor blocker
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), also known as angiotensin II receptor antagonists, AT1 receptor antagonists or sartans, are a group of pharmaceuticals that modulate the renin–angiotensin system.
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Anthelmintic
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host.
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Arginine
Arginine (symbol Arg or R) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
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Asystole
Asystole (1860, from Modern Latin, from Greek privative a "not, without" + systolē "contraction") is the absence of ventricular contractions.
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Atenolol
Atenolol is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases.
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Avocado
The avocado (Persea americana) is a tree, long thought to have originated in South Central Mexico, classified as a member of the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
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Banana
A banana is an edible fruit – botanically a berry – produced by several kinds of large herbaceous flowering plants in the genus Musa.
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Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
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Beta2-adrenergic agonist
β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β2 adrenergic receptor.
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Blood test
A blood test is a laboratory analysis performed on a blood sample that is usually extracted from a vein in the arm using a hypodermic needle, or via fingerprick.
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Blood transfusion
Blood transfusion is generally the process of receiving blood or blood products into one's circulation intravenously.
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Blood urea nitrogen
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a medical test that measures the amount of urea nitrogen found in blood.
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Box jellyfish
Box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are cnidarian invertebrates distinguished by their cube-shaped medusae.
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a condition wherein an individual has a very slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
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Bumetanide
Bumetanide (trade names Bumex or Burinex) is a loop diuretic of the sulfamyl category, most often used to treat heart failure.
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Burn
A burn is a type of injury to skin, or other tissues, caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction, or radiation.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Calcium chloride
Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound, a salt with the chemical formula CaCl2.
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Calcium gluconate
Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement and medication.
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Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is a government-sanctioned practice whereby a person is put to death by the state as a punishment for a crime.
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Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest is a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump.
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Celecoxib
Celecoxib, sold under the brand name Celebrex among others, is a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
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Cell (biology)
The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
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Chlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide sodium (Diuril) is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive.
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Chlortalidone
Chlortalidone (INN/BAN) or chlorthalidone (USAN) is a diuretic medication used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), originally marketed as Hygroton in the USA.
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Chronic kidney disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a type of kidney disease in which there is gradual loss of kidney function over a period of months or years.
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell).
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Ciclosporin
Ciclosporin, also spelled cyclosporine and cyclosporin, is an immunosuppressant medication and natural product.
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Clinical trial
Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.
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Collecting duct system
The collecting duct system of the kidney consists of a series of tubules and ducts that physically connect nephrons to a minor calyx or directly to the renal pelvis.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are any of several autosomal recessive diseases resulting from mutations of genes for enzymes mediating the biochemical steps of production of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids or sex steroids from cholesterol by the adrenal glands (steroidogenesis).
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11β-hydroxylase deficiency is a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) which produces a higher than normal amount of androgen, resulting from a defect in the gene encoding the enzyme steroid 11β-hydroxylase (11β-OH) which mediates the final step of cortisol synthesis in the adrenal.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency is an uncommon form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia resulting from a defect in the gene CYP17A1, which encodes for the enzyme 17α-hydroxylase.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH CAH), in all its forms, accounts for over 95% of diagnosed cases of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and "CAH" in most contexts refers to 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency is an uncommon form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) resulting from a mutation in the gene for one of the key enzymes in cortisol synthesis by the adrenal gland, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) type II (HSD3B2).
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Correlation and dependence
In statistics, dependence or association is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data.
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Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones.
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Creatine kinase
Creatine kinase (CK), also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK) or phosphocreatine kinase, is an enzyme expressed by various tissues and cell types.
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Creatinine
Creatinine (or; from flesh) is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and is usually produced at a fairly constant rate by the body (depending on muscle mass).
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Depolarization
In biology, depolarization is a change within a cell, during which the cell undergoes a shift in electric charge distribution, resulting in less negative charge inside the cell.
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of diabetes mellitus.
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Diazoxide
Diazoxide (INN; brand name Proglycem) is a potassium channel activator, which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions.
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Digoxin
Digoxin, sold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions.
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Distal convoluted tubule
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of Henle and the collecting tubule.
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Diuretic
A diuretic is any substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
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Dominance (genetics)
Dominance in genetics is a relationship between alleles of one gene, in which the effect on phenotype of one allele masks the contribution of a second allele at the same locus.
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Electrocardiography
Electrocardiography (ECG or EKG) is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin.
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Electrolyte
An electrolyte is a substance that produces an electrically conducting solution when dissolved in a polar solvent, such as water.
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Equivalent (chemistry)
An equivalent (symbol: equiv) is the amount of a substance that reacts with (or is equivalent to) an arbitrary amount of another substance in a given chemical reaction.
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Extracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells.
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Fludrocortisone
Fludrocortisone, sold under the brand name Florinef among others, is a corticosteroid which is used to treat adrenogenital syndrome, postural hypotension, and adrenal insufficiency.
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Furosemide
Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Glomerulus
Glomerulus is a common term used in anatomy to describe globular structures of entwined vessels, fibers, or neurons.
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Glucose
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart arrhythmia
Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.
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Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis, also spelled haemodialysis, commonly called kidney dialysis or simply dialysis, is a process of purifying the blood of a person whose kidneys are not working normally.
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Hemofiltration
In medicine, hemofiltration, also haemofiltration, is a renal replacement therapy which is used in the intensive care setting.
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Hemolysis
Hemolysis or haemolysis, also known by several other names, is the rupturing (lysis) of red blood cells (erythrocytes) and the release of their contents (cytoplasm) into surrounding fluid (e.g. blood plasma).
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Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the tendency of organisms to auto-regulate and maintain their internal environment in a stable state.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Hydrochlorothiazide
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ or HCT) is a diuretic medication often used to treat high blood pressure and swelling due to fluid build up.
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.
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Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis
Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HYPP, HyperKPP) is a genetic disorder.
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Hypoaldosteronism
Hypoaldosteronism is an endocrinological disorder characterized decreased levels of the hormone aldosterone.
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Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is when blood sugar decreases to below normal levels.
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Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia, also spelled hypokalaemia, is a low level of potassium (K+) in the blood serum.
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Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a medication in the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) class that is used for treating pain, fever, and inflammation.
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Immunosuppressive drug
Immunosuppressive drugs or immunosuppressive agents or antirejection medications are drugs that inhibit or prevent activity of the immune system.
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Insulin
Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.
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Intensive care medicine
Intensive care medicine, or critical care medicine, is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions that may require sophisticated life support and monitoring.
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Intracellular
In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word intracellular means "inside the cell".
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Ion
An ion is an atom or molecule that has a non-zero net electrical charge (its total number of electrons is not equal to its total number of protons).
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Ketoacidosis
Ketoacidosis is a metabolic state associated with high concentrations of ketone bodies, formed by the breakdown of fatty acids and the deamination of amino acids.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Labetalol
Labetalol is a medication used to treat high blood pressure.
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Lactic acidosis
Lactic acidosis is a medical condition characterized by the buildup of lactate (especially L-lactate) in the body, which results in an excessively low pH in the bloodstream.
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Large intestine
The large intestine, also known as the large bowel or colon, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system in vertebrates.
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Lethal injection
Lethal injection is the practice of injecting one or more drugs into a person (typically a barbiturate, paralytic, and potassium solution) for the express purpose of causing immediate death.
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Loop of Henle
In the kidney, the loop of Henle (or Henle's loop, Henle loop, nephron loop or its Latin counterpart ansa nephroni) is the portion of a nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
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Malaise
Malaise is a feeling of general discomfort, uneasiness or pain, often the first indication of an infection or other disease.
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Medical history
The medical history or case history of a patient is information gained by a physician by asking specific questions, either of the patient or of other people who know the person and can give suitable information, with the aim of obtaining information useful in formulating a diagnosis and providing medical care to the patient.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Membrane potential
The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.
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Metabolic acidosis
Metabolic acidosis is a condition that occurs when the body produces excessive quantities of acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body.
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Mineralocorticoid
Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones.
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Minoxidil
No description.
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Molar concentration
Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
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Molecular diffusion
Molecular diffusion, often simply called diffusion, is the thermal motion of all (liquid or gas) particles at temperatures above absolute zero.
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Muscle weakness
Muscle weakness or myasthenia (my- from Greek μυο meaning "muscle" + -asthenia ἀσθένεια meaning "weakness") is a lack of muscle strength.
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Myalgia
Myalgia, or muscle pain, is a symptom of many diseases and disorders.
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Na+/K+-ATPase
-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.
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Naproxen
Naproxen (brand names: Aleve, Naprosyn, and many others) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) of the propionic acid class (the same class as ibuprofen) that relieves pain, fever, swelling, and stiffness.
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Nav1.4
Sodium channel protein type 4 subunit alpha is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCN4A gene.
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Necrosis
Necrosis (from the Greek νέκρωσις "death, the stage of dying, the act of killing" from νεκρός "dead") is a form of cell injury which results in the premature death of cells in living tissue by autolysis.
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Nephrology
Nephrology (from Greek nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the kidneys: the study of normal kidney function and kidney disease, the preservation of kidney health, and the treatment of kidney disease, from diet and medication to renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation).
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Neural accommodation
Neural accommodation or neuronal accommodation occurs when a neuron or muscle cell is depolarised by slowly rising current (ramp depolarisation) in vitro.
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Neuron
A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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Octreotide
Octreotide (trade name Sandostatin, among others) is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone.
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Oliguria
Oliguria or hypouresis (both names from roots meaning "not enough urine") is the low output of urine.
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Orange (fruit)
The orange is the fruit of the citrus species ''Citrus'' × ''sinensis'' in the family Rutaceae.
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Palpitations
Palpitations are the perceived abnormality of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest: hard, fast and/or irregular beats.
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Paresthesia
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation such as tingling, tickling, pricking, numbness or burning of a person's skin with no apparent physical cause.
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Patiromer
Patiromer (USAN, trade name Veltassa) is a drug used for the treatment of hyperkalemia (elevated blood potassium levels), a condition that may lead to palpitations and arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat).
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Pentamidine
Pentamidine is an antimicrobial medication used to treat African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, babesiosis, and to prevent and treat pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in people with poor immune function.
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Polystyrene sulfonate
Polystyrene sulfonates are polymers derived from polystyrene by the addition of sulfonate functional groups.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Potassium chloride
Potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine.
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Potassium-sparing diuretic
Potassium-sparing diuretics are diuretic drugs that do not promote the secretion of potassium into the urine.
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Potato
The potato is a starchy, tuberous crop from the perennial nightshade Solanum tuberosum.
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Propranolol
Propranolol, sold under the brand name Inderal among others, is a medication of the beta blocker type. It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors. It is used to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein. The formulation that is taken by mouth comes in short-acting and long-acting versions. Propranolol appears in the blood after 30 minutes and has a maximum effect between 60 and 90 minutes when taken by mouth. Common side effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation. It should not be used in those with an already slow heart rate and most of those with heart failure. Quickly stopping the medication in those with coronary artery disease may worsen symptoms. It may worsen the symptoms of asthma. Caution is recommended in those with liver or kidney problems. Propranolol may cause harmful effects in the baby if taken during pregnancy. Its use during breastfeeding is probably safe, but the baby should be monitored for side effects. It is a non-selective beta blocker which works by blocking β-adrenergic receptors. Propranolol was discovered in 1964. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. Propranolol is available as a generic medication. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.24 and 2.16 per month as of 2014. In the United States it costs about $15 per month at a typical dose.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Proximal tubule
The proximal tubule is the portion of the duct system of the nephron of the kidney which leads from Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle.
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Pseudohypoaldosteronism
Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) is a condition that mimics hypoaldosteronism.
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QRS complex
The QRS complex is a name for the combination of three of the graphical deflections seen on a typical electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG).
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Refractory
A refractory mineral is a mineral that is resistant to decomposition by heat, pressure, or chemical attack.
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Refractory period (physiology)
Refractoriness is the fundamental property of any object of autowave nature (especially excitable medium) not to respond on stimuli, if the object stays in the specific refractory state.
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Renal function
Renal function, in nephrology, is an indication of the kidney's condition and its role in renal physiology.
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Renal physiology
Renal physiology (Latin rēnēs, "kidneys") is the study of the physiology of the kidney.
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Renal tubular acidosis
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is a medical condition that involves an accumulation of acid in the body due to a failure of the kidneys to appropriately acidify the urine.
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Renin–angiotensin system
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
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Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory acidosis is a medical emergency in which decreased ventilation (hypoventilation) increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood and decreases the blood's pH (a condition generally called acidosis).
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Reversal potential
In a biological membrane, the reversal potential (also known as the Nernst potential) of an ion is the membrane potential at which there is no net (overall) flow of that particular ion from one side of the membrane to the other.
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Rhabdomyolysis
Rhabdomyolysis is a condition in which damaged skeletal muscle breaks down rapidly.
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Salbutamol
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and marketed as Ventolin among other names, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.
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Sensitivity and specificity
Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures of the performance of a binary classification test, also known in statistics as a classification function.
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Serum (blood)
In blood, the serum is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white or red blood cells) nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens.
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Sine wave
A sine wave or sinusoid is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth periodic oscillation.
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Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate), commonly known as baking soda, is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3.
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Sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
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Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (ZS-9) is a selective oral sorbent that traps potassium ions throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
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Sodium-chloride symporter
The sodium-chloride symporter (also known as Na+-Cl− cotransporter, NCC or NCCT, or as the thiazide-sensitive Na+-Cl− cotransporter or TSC) is a cotransporter in the kidney which has the function of reabsorbing sodium and chloride ions from the tubular fluid into the cells of the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
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Sorbent
A sorbent is a material used to absorb or adsorb liquids or gases.
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Sorbitol
Sorbitol, less commonly known as glucitol, is a sugar alcohol with a sweet taste which the human body metabolizes slowly.
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Spironolactone
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
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Suxamethonium chloride
Suxamethonium chloride, also known as suxamethonium or succinylcholine, is a medication used to cause short-term paralysis as part of general anesthesia.
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Sweat gland
Sweat glands, also known as sudoriferous or sudoriparous glands,, are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat.
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T wave
In electrocardiography, the T wave represents the repolarization, or recovery, of the ventricles.
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Tacrolimus
No description.
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Thiazide
Thiazide is a type of molecule and a class of diuretics often used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (such as that caused by heart failure, liver failure, or kidney failure).
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Threshold potential
In neuroscience, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential.
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Tomato
The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.
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Torasemide
Torasemide or torsemide is a pyridine-sulfonyl urea type loop diuretic mainly used in the management of edema associated with congestive heart failure.
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Trans-tubular potassium gradient
The trans-tubular potassium gradient (TTKG) is an index reflecting the conservation of potassium in the cortical collecting ducts (CCD) of the kidneys.
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Triamterene
Triamterene (trade name Dyrenium) is a potassium-sparing diuretic used in combination with thiazide diuretics for the treatment of hypertension and edema.
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Trimethoprim
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections.
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Tumor lysis syndrome
Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities that can occur as a complication during the treatment of cancer, where large amounts of tumor cells are killed off (lysed) at the same time by the treatment, releasing their contents into the bloodstream.
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United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century.
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UpToDate
UpToDate, Inc. (bip) is a company in the Wolters Kluwer Health division of Wolters Kluwer whose main product is UpToDate, a software system that is a point-of-care medical resource.
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Vegetable
Vegetables are parts of plants that are consumed by humans as food as part of a meal.
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Ventricular fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib or VF) is when the heart quivers instead of pumping due to disorganized electrical activity in the ventricles.
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Elevated potassium, High blood potassium, High potasium, Hypercalemia, Hyperkalaemia, Hyperkalaemia., Hyperkalemic, Hyperkaliemia, Hyperpotassemia, Kalemia, Potassemia, Potassium poisoning, Pseudohyperkalemia.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperkalemia
