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Ice trade

Index Ice trade

The ice trade, also known as the frozen water trade, was a 19th-century and early-20th-century industry, centering on the east coast of the United States and Norway, involving the large-scale harvesting, transport and sale of natural ice, and later the making and sale of artificial ice, for domestic consumption and commercial purposes. [1]

180 relations: Alaska, Aleutian Islands, Alexander Catlin Twining, Allahabad, Alps, American Civil War, Ammonia, Ammunition, Andes, Argentina, Armour and Company, Australia, Ballast weight, Bankruptcy, Barge, Beer, Bilge pump, Boston, Brazil, Brick, Brigantine, Brine, Butcher, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Caribbean, Carl von Linde, Charcoal, Charles Tellier, Charles W. Morse, Charleston, South Carolina, Chemist, Chennai, Chicago, China, Cincinnati, Circular saw, Coffee, Confederate States of America, Conveyor belt, Cotton, Crimean War, Crystal Lake, Illinois, Cuba, Curing (food preservation), Diethyl ether, Dry rot, Dunnage, East Coast of the United States, East India Company, Economic sanctions, ..., Ferdinand Carré, Finland, Fishing industry, Fishmonger, Fitchburg Railroad, Fitchburg, Massachusetts, Food preservation, Frederic Tudor, Free good, Fresh Pond (Cambridge, Massachusetts), Futures exchange, Gasoline, Georgia (U.S. state), Glacier, Grimsby, Grindelwald, Gun turret, Hand saw, Havana, Hay, Heat wave, Himalayas, Hong Kong, Horseshoe, Hudson River, Hugli-Chuchura, Ice cream, Ice cutting, Ice famine, Ice house (building), Ice sculpture, Iceberg, Iceboro, Maine, Icebreaker, Iceman (occupation), India, Indian Rebellion of 1857, J. Ogden Armour, Jacob Perkins, James Harrison (engineer), JBS USA, John Gorrie, Kennebec River, Kings Cross, London, Knickerbocker Ice Company, Kolkata, Lager, Lever, List of ice and snow sculpture events, List of ice companies, London, Maine, Martinique, Meat hook, Meat packing industry, Mediterranean Sea, Mexico, Midwestern United States, Mill pond, Mint julep, Mumbai, Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth, Neva River, New England, New Orleans, New York City, New Zealand, Niter, North Sea, Norway, Novelist, Ohio, Oppegård, Pacific Ocean, Paris, Peat, Penobscot River, Persian Gulf, Peru, Philadelphia, Philippines, Pine, Plough, Pulley, Rail transport, Rebujito, Refrigerator car, Rio de Janeiro, Rockwood, Maine, Royal Navy, Russian America, Rust, Sacramento, California, Saint Petersburg, Salmon, Salt, San Francisco, Savannah, Georgia, Schooner, Shadwell, Sheepscot River, Simon Greenleaf, Smithfield, London, Smoking (cooking), South America, South Carolina, Southeast Asia, Southern United States, Strand, London, Sulfuric acid, Sydney, Tariff, Tasmania, Thermodynamics, Tin, Typhoid fever, U-boat, U-boat Campaign (World War I), Union (American Civil War), Union Army, United States, Vapor-compression refrigeration, Walden Pond, Wenham Lake, Wenham Lake Ice Company, William Makepeace Thackeray, Windmill, Wine accessory, Wisconsin, World War I. Expand index (130 more) »

Alaska

Alaska (Alax̂sxax̂) is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.

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Aleutian Islands

The Aleutian Islands (Tanam Unangaa, literally "Land of the Aleuts", possibly from Chukchi aliat, "island") are a chain of 14 large volcanic islands and 55 smaller ones belonging to both the U.S. state of Alaska and the Russian federal subject of Kamchatka Krai.

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Alexander Catlin Twining

Alexander Catlin Twining (July 5, 1801 – November 22, 1884) was an American scientist and inventor.

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Allahabad

Prayag, or Allahabad is a large metropolitan city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Allahabad District, the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India, and the Allahabad Division.

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Alps

The Alps (Alpes; Alpen; Alpi; Alps; Alpe) are the highest and most extensive mountain range system that lies entirely in Europe,The Caucasus Mountains are higher, and the Urals longer, but both lie partly in Asia.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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Ammonia

Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3.

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Ammunition

Ammunition (informally ammo) is the material fired, scattered, dropped or detonated from any weapon.

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Andes

The Andes or Andean Mountains (Cordillera de los Andes) are the longest continental mountain range in the world.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Armour and Company

Armour & Company was an American company that used to be one of the five leading firms in the meat packing industry.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Ballast weight

Ballast weight is something that is added to a race car to alter its performance.

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Bankruptcy

Bankruptcy is a legal status of a person or other entity that cannot repay debts to creditors.

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Barge

A barge is a flat-bottomed ship, built mainly for river and canal transport of heavy goods.

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Beer

Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.

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Bilge pump

A bilge pump is a water pump used to remove bilge water.

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Boston

Boston is the capital city and most populous municipality of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Brick

A brick is building material used to make walls, pavements and other elements in masonry construction.

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Brigantine

A brigantine was a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast).

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Brine

Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.

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Butcher

A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat, or participate within any combination of these three tasks.

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Cambridge, Massachusetts

Cambridge is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, and part of the Boston metropolitan area.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Carl von Linde

Carl Paul Gottfried Linde (11 June 1842 – 16 November 1934) was a German scientist, engineer, and businessman.

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Charcoal

Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.

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Charles Tellier

Charles Tellier (29 June 1828 – 19 October 1913) was a French engineer, born in Amiens.

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Charles W. Morse

Charles Wyman Morse (October 21, 1856 – January 12, 1933) was an American businessman and speculator, guilty of major frauds.

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Charleston, South Carolina

Charleston is the oldest and largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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Chemist

A chemist (from Greek chēm (ía) alchemy; replacing chymist from Medieval Latin alchimista) is a scientist trained in the study of chemistry.

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Chennai

Chennai (formerly known as Madras or) is the capital of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Cincinnati

No description.

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Circular saw

A circular saw is a power-saw using a toothed or abrasive disc or blade to cut different materials using a rotary motion spinning around an arbor.

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Coffee

Coffee is a brewed drink prepared from roasted coffee beans, which are the seeds of berries from the Coffea plant.

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Confederate States of America

The Confederate States of America (CSA or C.S.), commonly referred to as the Confederacy, was an unrecognized country in North America that existed from 1861 to 1865.

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Conveyor belt

A conveyor belt is the carrying medium of a belt conveyor system (often shortened to belt conveyor).

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Crimean War

The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

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Crystal Lake, Illinois

Crystal Lake is a city in McHenry County in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Curing (food preservation)

Curing is any of various food preservation and flavoring processes of foods such as meat, fish and vegetables, by the addition of combinations of salt, nitrates, nitrites,.

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Diethyl ether

Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound in the ether class with the formula, sometimes abbreviated as (see Pseudoelement symbols).

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Dry rot

Dry rot is wood decay caused by certain species of fungi that digest parts of the wood which give the wood strength and stiffness.

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Dunnage

In the technical sense treated here, dunnage is inexpensive or waste material used to load and secure cargo during transportation; more loosely, it refers to miscellaneous baggage, brought along during travel.

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East Coast of the United States

The East Coast of the United States is the coastline along which the Eastern United States meets the North Atlantic Ocean.

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East India Company

The East India Company (EIC), also known as the Honourable East India Company (HEIC) or the British East India Company and informally as John Company, was an English and later British joint-stock company, formed to trade with the East Indies (in present-day terms, Maritime Southeast Asia), but ended up trading mainly with Qing China and seizing control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent.

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Economic sanctions

Economic sanctions are commercial and financial penalties applied by one or more countries against a targeted country, group, or individual.

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Ferdinand Carré

Ferdinand Philippe Edouard Carré (11 March 1824 – 11 January 1900) was a French engineer, born at Moislains (Somme) on 11 March 1824.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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Fishing industry

The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products.

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Fishmonger

A fishmonger (fishwife for female practitioners - "wife" in this case used in its archaic meaning of "woman") is someone who sells raw fish and seafood.

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Fitchburg Railroad

The Fitchburg Railroad is a former railroad company, which built a railroad line across northern Massachusetts, United States, leading to and through the Hoosac Tunnel.

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Fitchburg, Massachusetts

Fitchburg is the third largest city in Worcester County, Massachusetts, United States.

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Food preservation

Food preservation prevents the growth of microorganisms (such as yeasts), or other microorganisms (although some methods work by introducing benign bacteria or fungi to the food), as well as slowing the oxidation of fats that cause rancidity.

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Frederic Tudor

Frederic Tudor (September 4, 1783 – February 6, 1864) was an American businessman and merchant.

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Free good

A free good is a good that is not scarce, and therefore is available without limit.

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Fresh Pond (Cambridge, Massachusetts)

Fresh Pond is a reservoir and park in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Futures exchange

A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts; that is, a contract to buy specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future.

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Gasoline

Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.

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Georgia (U.S. state)

Georgia is a state in the Southeastern United States.

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Glacier

A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.

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Grimsby

Grimsby, also known as Great Grimsby, is a large coastal English town and seaport in North East Lincolnshire, of which it is the administrative centre.

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Grindelwald

Grindelwald is a village and municipality in the Interlaken-Oberhasli administrative district in the canton of Berne in Switzerland.

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Gun turret

A gun turret is a location from which weapons can be fired that affords protection, visibility, and some cone of fire.

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Hand saw

In woodworking and carpentry, hand saws, also known as "panel saws", are used to cut pieces of wood into different shapes.

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Havana

Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.

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Hay

Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing animals such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep.

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Heat wave

A heat wave is a period of excessively hot weather, which may be accompanied by high humidity, especially in oceanic climate countries.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Horseshoe

A horseshoe is a fabricated product, normally made of metal, although sometimes made partially or wholly of modern synthetic materials, designed to protect a horse's hoof from wear.

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Hudson River

The Hudson River is a river that flows from north to south primarily through eastern New York in the United States.

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Hugli-Chuchura

Chinsurah (also known as Hooghly-Chinsura or Hooghly) is a city and a municipality in the state of West Bengal, India.

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Ice cream

Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.

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Ice cutting

Ice cutting is a winter task of collecting surface ice from lakes and rivers for storage in ice houses and use or sale as a cooling method.

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Ice famine

An ice famine was a scarcity of commercial ice, usually during the hot summer months, common before the widespread use of the refrigerator.

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Ice house (building)

Ice houses or icehouses are buildings used to store ice throughout the year, commonly used prior to the invention of the refrigerator.

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Ice sculpture

Ice sculpture is a form of sculpture that uses ice as the raw material.

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Iceberg

An iceberg or ice mountain is a large piece of freshwater ice that has broken off a glacier or an ice shelf and is floating freely in open water.

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Iceboro, Maine

Iceboro is a village in the town of Richmond in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States.

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Icebreaker

An icebreaker is a special-purpose ship or boat designed to move and navigate through ice-covered waters, and provide safe waterways for other boats and ships.

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Iceman (occupation)

An iceman is someone who sells or delivers ice from a wagon, cart, or motor-truck.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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J. Ogden Armour

Jonathan Ogden Armour (November 11, 1863 – August 16, 1927) was an American meatpacking magnate and only surviving son of Civil War-era industrialist Philip Danforth Armour.

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Jacob Perkins

Jacob Perkins (9 July 1766 – 30 July 1849) was an American inventor, mechanical engineer and physicist.

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James Harrison (engineer)

James Harrison (17 April 1816 – 3 September 1893) was a Scottish-Australian newspaper printer, journalist, politician, and pioneer in the field of mechanical refrigeration.

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JBS USA

JBS USA Holdings, Inc. is an American food processing company and a wholly owned subsidiary of JBS S.A. (B3:JBSS3), a Brazilian company that is the world's largest processor of fresh beef and pork, with more than US$49 billion in annual sales as of 2017.

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John Gorrie

John Gorrie (October 3, 1803 – June 29, 1855) was a physician, scientist, inventor, and humanitarian, inventor of mechanical cooling.

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Kennebec River

The Kennebec River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Kings Cross, London

Kings Cross is an inner city district in north London, England, 2.5 miles (4.8 km) north west of Charing Cross.

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Knickerbocker Ice Company

The Knickerbocker Ice Company was an ice company based in New York State during the 19th century.

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Kolkata

Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Lager

Lager is a type of beer conditioned at low temperatures.

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Lever

A lever is a simple machine consisting of a beam or rigid rod pivoted at a fixed hinge, or fulcrum.

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List of ice and snow sculpture events

Ice Festival, Ice and Snow Festival, or Snow and Ice Festival may refer to one of the following events.

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List of ice companies

This is a list of ice companies.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Maine

Maine is a U.S. state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Martinique

Martinique is an insular region of France located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of and a population of 385,551 inhabitants as of January 2013.

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Meat hook

A meat hook is any hook normally used in butcheries to hang meat.

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Meat packing industry

The meat packing industry handles the slaughtering, processing, packaging, and distribution of animals such as cattle, pigs, sheep and other livestock.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Mill pond

A mill pond (or millpond) is a body of water used as a reservoir for a water-powered mill.

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Mint julep

The mint julep is a mixed alcoholic drink, or cocktail, consisting primarily of bourbon (or some other spirit), sugar, water, crushed or shaved ice, and fresh mint.

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Mumbai

Mumbai (also known as Bombay, the official name until 1995) is the capital city of the Indian state of Maharashtra.

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Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth

Nathaniel Jarvis Wyeth (January 29, 1802 – August 31, 1856) was an American inventor and businessman in Boston, Massachusetts who contributed greatly to its ice industry.

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Neva River

The Neva (Нева́) is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast (historical region of Ingria) to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland.

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New England

New England is a geographical region comprising six states of the northeastern United States: Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut.

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New Orleans

New Orleans (. Merriam-Webster.; La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port and the largest city and metropolitan area in the state of Louisiana.

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New York City

The City of New York, often called New York City (NYC) or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Niter

Niter, or nitre (chiefly British), is the mineral form of potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter or saltpetre.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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Novelist

A novelist is an author or writer of novels, though often novelists also write in other genres of both fiction and non-fiction.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Oppegård

Oppegård is a village and municipality in Akershus county, Norway.

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Pacific Ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's oceanic divisions.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Peat

Peat, also called turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.

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Penobscot River

The Penobscot River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

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Peru

Peru (Perú; Piruw Republika; Piruw Suyu), officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South America.

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Philadelphia

Philadelphia is the largest city in the U.S. state and Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, and the sixth-most populous U.S. city, with a 2017 census-estimated population of 1,580,863.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Pine

A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus,, of the family Pinaceae.

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Plough

A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.

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Pulley

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the shaft and cable or belt.

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Rail transport

Rail transport is a means of transferring of passengers and goods on wheeled vehicles running on rails, also known as tracks.

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Rebujito

Rebujito is a cocktail invented in Andalusia, that mixes Sherry (Manzanilla or Fino) and soft drinks.

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Refrigerator car

A refrigerator car (or "reefer") is a refrigerated boxcar (U.S.), a piece of railroad rolling stock designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas.

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Rockwood, Maine

Rockwood is a village in Somerset County, Maine, United States.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Russian America

Russian America (Русская Америка, Russkaya Amerika) was the name of the Russian colonial possessions in North America from 1733 to 1867.

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Rust

Rust is an iron oxide, a usually red oxide formed by the redox reaction of iron and oxygen in the presence of water or air moisture.

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Sacramento, California

Sacramento is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County.

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Saint Petersburg

Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).

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Salmon

Salmon is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae.

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Salt

Salt, table salt or common salt is a mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride (NaCl), a chemical compound belonging to the larger class of salts; salt in its natural form as a crystalline mineral is known as rock salt or halite.

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San Francisco

San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.

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Savannah, Georgia

Savannah is the oldest city in the U.S. state of Georgia and is the county seat of Chatham County.

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Schooner

A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts.

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Shadwell

Shadwell is a district in East London, England, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, and on the north bank of the Thames between Whitechapel, Stepney, Wapping and Ratcliff.

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Sheepscot River

The Sheepscot River is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Simon Greenleaf

Simon Greenleaf (December 5, 1783 – October 6, 1853), American lawyer and jurist, was born at Newburyport, Massachusetts.

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Smithfield, London

Smithfield is a locality in the ward of Farringdon Without situated at the City of London's northwest in central London, England.

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Smoking (cooking)

Smoking is the process of flavoring, browning, cooking, or preserving food by exposing it to smoke from burning or smoldering material, most often wood.

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South America

South America is a continent in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere.

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South Carolina

South Carolina is a U.S. state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Southeast Asia

Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia.

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Southern United States

The Southern United States, also known as the American South, Dixie, Dixieland, or simply the South, is a region of the United States of America.

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Strand, London

Strand (or the Strand) is a major thoroughfare in the City of Westminster, Central London.

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Sulfuric acid

Sulfuric acid (alternative spelling sulphuric acid) is a mineral acid with molecular formula H2SO4.

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Sydney

Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.

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Tariff

A tariff is a tax on imports or exports between sovereign states.

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Tasmania

Tasmania (abbreviated as Tas and known colloquially as Tassie) is an island state of Australia.

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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics concerned with heat and temperature and their relation to energy and work.

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Tin

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn (from stannum) and atomic number 50.

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Typhoid fever

Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a bacterial infection due to ''Salmonella'' typhi that causes symptoms.

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U-boat

U-boat is an anglicised version of the German word U-Boot, a shortening of Unterseeboot, literally "undersea boat".

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U-boat Campaign (World War I)

The U-boat Campaign from 1914 to 1918 was the World War I naval campaign fought by German U-boats against the trade routes of the Allies.

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Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it.

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Union Army

During the American Civil War, the Union Army referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Vapor-compression refrigeration

Vapor-compression refrigeration or vapor-compression refrigeration system (VCRS), in which the refrigerant undergoes phase changes, is one of the many refrigeration cycles and is the most widely used method for air-conditioning of buildings and automobiles.

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Walden Pond

Walden Pond is a lake in Concord, Massachusetts, in the United States.

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Wenham Lake

Wenham Lake is a 224-acre body of water located in Wenham and Beverly towns, Essex County, Massachusetts.The lake receives water from the water table and also from a system of streams.

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Wenham Lake Ice Company

The Wenham Lake Ice Company, operating out of Wenham Lake in Wenham, Massachusetts, United States, harvested ice and exported it all around the world before the advent of factory-made ice.

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William Makepeace Thackeray

William Makepeace Thackeray (18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863) was a British novelist and author.

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Windmill

A windmill is a mill that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades.

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Wine accessory

A wine accessory is generally any equipment that may be used in the storing or serving of wine.

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Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Redirects here:

Frozen water trade, Ice Trade, Ice farming, The ice trade.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_trade

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