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Illinois

Index Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States. [1]

809 relations: Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, Acciona Energy, Acid rain, Adlai Stevenson I, Adlai Stevenson II, Adlai Stevenson III, Adler Planetarium, Administrative divisions of Illinois, Admission to the Union, African Americans, African-American English, Age of consent, Agricultural productivity, Ahmadiyya, Air pollution, Airline hub, Al-Sadiq Mosque, Alabama, Alaska Natives, Algonquian languages, Almshouse, Alton, Illinois, American (word), American Airlines, American Basketball Association (2000–present), American Bottom, American Civil War, American Discovery Trail, American English, American Hockey League, American Law Institute, American League, American Revolutionary War, American Viticultural Area, American Wind Energy Association, Amtrak, Andrew Hull Foote, Andropogon gerardi, Apple, Arabian Peninsula, Archer Daniels Midland, Arena Football League, Argonne National Laboratory, Arizona Cardinals, Art Institute of Chicago, Asian Americans, Atlanta, Atlantic Ocean, Atomic Age, ..., Aurora, Illinois, Autobahn Country Club, Bahá'í Faith, Bahá'í House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois), Baltimore, Barack Obama, Basketball, Basketball Association of America, Basques, Batavia, Illinois, Beaver Wars, Belleville, Illinois, Bellwether, Benny Goodman, Bible, Big East Conference, Big Ten Conference, Bituminous coal, Black Hawk War, Blackhawk Farms Raceway, Bloomington Edge, Bloomington Flex, Bloomington–Normal, Bluegill, Blues, BMW Championship (PGA Tour), BP, Bradley Braves, Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station, Bridgeview, Illinois, Brigham Young, British Americans, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois, Bruce Rauner, Bud Freeman, Buddhism, Byron Nuclear Generating Station, Cahokia, Cairo, Illinois, California, Carbondale, Illinois, Carl Sandburg (train), Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Carol Moseley Braun, Carpentersville, Illinois, Carthage Jail, Catholic Church, Cattle, Center of population, Central Illinois, Central Time Zone, Century of Progress, Champ Car, Champaign, Illinois, Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, Charles Mound, Chicago, Chicago "L", Chicago (poem), Chicago American Gears, Chicago American Giants, Chicago Bandits, Chicago Bears, Chicago Blackhawks, Chicago Blaze (basketball), Chicago Blitz, Chicago blues, Chicago Bruins, Chicago Bruisers, Chicago Bulls, Chicago Cougars, Chicago Cubs, Chicago Enforcers, Chicago Express, Chicago Fire (WFL), Chicago Fire Soccer Club, Chicago History Museum, Chicago Hustle, Chicago Loop, Chicago Majors, Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Chicago metropolitan area, Chicago Motor Speedway, Chicago Mustangs (1967–68), Chicago Pile-1, Chicago Power, Chicago Red Stars, Chicago River, Chicago Rush, Chicago Sinfonietta, Chicago Sky, Chicago Stags, Chicago State Cougars, Chicago Sting, Chicago Storm, Chicago Studebaker Flyers, Chicago Symphony Orchestra, Chicago Transit Authority, Chicago Whales, Chicago White Sox, Chicago Winds, Chicago Wolves, Chicagoland Speedway, Chiefdom, Cicero, Illinois, Civil township, Clinton Power Station, Coal, Codification (law), Cog Hill Golf & Country Club, Collar counties, Collinsville, Illinois, Colony of Virginia, Common law offence, Community college, Congerville, Illinois, Connecticut Western Reserve, Constitution of Illinois, Continental Basketball Association, Conway Farms Golf Club, Cook County, Illinois, Coordinated Universal Time, Corn Belt, Crawford County, Illinois, Dairy product, Daley family, Dallas Rattlers, Dan Rostenkowski, David Kim (violinist), Death of Joseph Smith, Decatur, Illinois, DeKalb, Illinois, Democratic Party (United States), DePaul Blue Demons, DePaul University, Derivative (finance), Des Plaines, Illinois, Dick Durbin, Dixieland, Dixon, Illinois, Donald Trump, Dorothea Dix, Douglas, Chicago, Downstate Illinois, Dragstrip, Dresden Generating Station, Driftless Area, Dutch Americans, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Easley Pioneer Museum, East St. Louis, Illinois, Eastern Europe, Eastern Illinois Panthers, Eastern Orthodox Church, ECHL, Educational accreditation, Edwardsville, Illinois, Elgin, Illinois, Elihu Benjamin Washburne House, Encompass Championship, Energy Biosciences Institute, English language, Erie Canal, Eroica Trio, Ethanol, Eureka College, Evansville, Indiana, Evelyn Sanguinetti, False etymology, Farm Aid, Fermilab, Field Museum of Natural History, Flag and seal of Illinois, Flat rate, Fluorite, Fort Massac, Frederic M. Scherer, Freedman, French Americans, French Canadians, Frontier League, FutureGen, Futures exchange, Galena, Illinois, Gateway Grizzlies, Gateway Motorsports Park, Gene Ammons, George Rogers Clark, George Ryan, George W. Bush, German Americans, Glendale, Arizona, Global city, Gospel music, Government of Illinois, Governor of California, Governor of Illinois, Grand Village of the Illinois, Great Chicago Fire, Great Flood of 1993, Great Lakes, Great Lakes region, Great Migration (African American), Greater St. Louis, Greenwood Publishing Group, Grundy County, Illinois, Guaranteed Rate Field, Hancock County, Illinois, Hard rock, Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, Harvard Business School, Hawaii, Haymarket affair, Heating oil, Henri de Tonti, Hillary Clinton, Hindu, Hinduism, Hip hop music, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Historic house museum, History of African Americans in Chicago, History of immigration to the United States, History of slavery in Illinois, History of the Chicago Cardinals, Ho-Chunk, Hoffman Estates, Illinois, Home rule, Horizon League, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, House music, Howlin' Wolf, Humid continental climate, Humid subtropical climate, Illini and Saluki, Illinoian (stage), Illinois (state song), Illinois and Michigan Canal, Illinois Appellate Court, Illinois Attorney General, Illinois circuit courts, Illinois Community College System, Illinois Compiled Statutes, Illinois Comptroller, Illinois Confederation, Illinois Country, Illinois County, Virginia, Illinois Fighting Illini, Illinois General Assembly, Illinois House of Representatives, Illinois Institute of Technology, Illinois Railway Museum, Illinois River, Illinois Route 59, Illinois School Report Card, Illinois Secretary of State, Illinois Senate, Illinois Service, Illinois State Capitol, Illinois state parks, Illinois State Redbirds, Illinois State University, Illinois Territory, Illinois Treasurer, Illinois Waterway, Illinois wine, Illinois Zephyr, Illinois's 7th congressional district, Illinois-Wabash Company, Immigration, Income tax, Index of Illinois-related articles, Indiana, Indiana University Press, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indoor Football League, IndyCar Series, Inland Northern American English, Interior Plains, Interstate 24, Interstate 39, Interstate 41, Interstate 55 in Illinois, Interstate 57, Interstate 64 in Illinois, Interstate 70 in Illinois, Interstate 72, Interstate 74 in Illinois, Interstate 80 in Illinois, Interstate 88 (Illinois), Interstate 90, Interstate 90 in Illinois, Interstate 94 in Illinois, Iowa, Iowa people, Ipava, Illinois, Irish Americans, Irreligion, Italian Americans, Jacksonville Developmental Center, Jacksonville, Illinois, Jacques Marquette, James R. Thompson, Jazz, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, John A. Logan, John Deere (inventor), John Deere Classic, John Whitfield Bunn and Jacob Bunn, Joliet Slammers, Joliet, Illinois, Jordan Lynch, Joseph Smith, Judiciary of Illinois, Junior Wells, Kane County Cougars, Kaskaskia River, Kaskaskia, Illinois, Köppen climate classification, Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University, Kentucky, Kickapoo people, Koster Site, Labor unions in the United States, Labour movement, Lake County Fielders, Lake Michigan, LaSalle County Nuclear Generating Station, Latter Day Saint movement, Law school, Lead, Len Small, Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail, Lewis Stevenson (politician), LexisNexis, Liberal arts college, Lieutenant Governor of Illinois, Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Lincoln Park, Lincoln Park Zoo, Lincoln Service, List of African-American United States Senators, List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement, List of food manufacturers of Chicago, List of NFL champions (1920–1969), List of U.S. states and territories by area, List of U.S. states and territories by GDP, List of U.S. states and territories by population, List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union, List of U.S. states by GDP per capita, List of United States cities by population, Loam, Lockport, Illinois, Louis Jolliet, Louisiana (New France), Loyola Ramblers, Loyola University Chicago, LPGA, LPGA State Farm Classic, Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, Lyric Opera of Chicago, Macrocosm and microcosm, Madison, Illinois, Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois), Maize, Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–92), Major League Baseball, Major League Lacrosse, Major League Soccer, Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada, Manhattan Project, Marion County, Illinois, Marion, Illinois, Mascouten, Mattoon, Illinois, May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence, Mayor of Chicago, Mazon, Illinois, McDonald's, McLean County, Illinois, Meadowdale International Raceway, Medinah Country Club, Member of Congress, Mendota Hills Wind Farm, Meskwaki, Metra, Metro East, Mexican Americans, Miami people, Miami-Illinois language, Michael Jordan, Michigan, Mid-American Conference, Middle school, Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie, Midland American English, Midlothian Country Club, Midway International Airport, Midwest Clinic, Midwest League, Midwest Professional Basketball Association, Midwestern United States, Military Tract of 1812, Minor league, Missionary, Mississippi, Mississippi River, Mississippian culture, Missouri, Missouri Valley Conference, Missouri Valley Football Conference, Mitt Romney, Modern Language Association, Moline, Illinois, Monarch butterfly, Monks Mound, Mormon pioneers, Mormon Trail, Morris Operation, Morris, Illinois, Morton Grove, Illinois, Motorsport, Muddy Waters, Multiracial Americans, Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago), Music of Chicago, Muslim, Nameplate capacity, Naperville, Illinois, NASCAR, Nat King Cole, Nathaniel Pope, National Basketball Association, National Basketball League (United States), National Hockey League, National Hot Rod Association, National League, National Park Service, National Pro Fastpitch, National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001), National Women's Basketball League, National Women's Soccer League, Native Americans in the United States, Native Hawaiians, Natural resource, Nauvoo, Illinois, NBA G League, NCAA Division I, NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision, Negro league baseball, Net income, New France, New York (state), Non-Hispanic whites, Normal CornBelters, North American League (baseball), North American Soccer League, North American Vertical Datum of 1988, Northern cardinal, Northern Illinois, Northern Illinois Huskies, Northern Illinois University, Northwest Ordinance, Northwest Territory, Northwestern University, Northwestern Wildcats, Norwegian Americans, Nuclear chain reaction, Nuclear power, Nuclear power plant, Nuclear reactor, O'Hare International Airport, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Official language, Ohio, Ohio River, Ohio Valley Conference, Ojibwe language, Old State Capitol State Historic Site, Olympia Fields Country Club, Orange Bowl, Orchestra, Original Six, Orville Hodge, Ottawa dialect, Otto Kerner Jr., Outline of Illinois, Pacific Islander, Painted turtle, Particle accelerator, Pat Quinn (politician), Paul Powell (politician), Pennsylvania, Pennsylvanian (geology), Peoria Chiefs, Peoria Rivermen (SPHL), Peoria, Illinois, Personal income in the United States, PGA Championship, PGA Tour, PGA Tour Champions, Phoenix, Arizona, Piankeshaw, Pig, Pilgrim Baptist Church, Platform mound, Plaza, Plough, Polish Americans, Polish language, Polish Museum of America, Popcorn, Port of Chicago, Potawatomi, Powder River Basin, Power Five conferences, Power station, Prairie, Pre-Columbian era, President of the United States, Presidential library, Property tax, Protestantism, Province of Quebec (1763–1791), Puerto Ricans in the United States, Pullman National Monument, Pullman Strike, Punk rock, Quad Cities, Quad Cities Nuclear Generating Station, Quercus alba, Quincy, Illinois, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, Rahm Emanuel, Rail Splitter Wind Farm, Railway post office, Ray Kroc, Real property, Red states and blue states, René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, Renewable resource, Republican Party (United States), Richard J. Daley, Richard M. Daley, Road racing, Robert Finley, Rochelle, Illinois, Rock and roll, Rockford Aviators, Rockford IceHogs, Rockford, Illinois, Rod Blagojevich, Roland Burris, Ronald Reagan, Rose Bowl Game, Rosemont, Illinois, Route 66 Raceway, Royal, Illinois, Rust Belt, Saint Lawrence Seaway, Sales tax, Sangamon County, Illinois, Satellite town, Sauget, Illinois, Sauk people, Schaumburg Boomers, School district, Seven Years' War, Shawnee, Shawnee Hills, Shawnee National Forest, Shedd Aquarium, Short track motor racing, SIU Edwardsville Cougars, Skokie, Illinois, Slave states and free states, Sodomy laws in the United States, Sonny Boy Williamson II, Soul music, South Beloit, Illinois, Southern American English, Southern Baptist Convention, Southern Illinois, Southern Illinois Miners, Southern Illinois Salukis, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Southern Professional Hockey League, Southwest Airlines, Soybean, Spanish language, Sports Car Club of America, Springfield, Illinois, Square dance, St. Louis, Stanley Cup, Starved Rock State Park, State school, Ste. Genevieve, Missouri, Stevenson family, Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints), Sulfur, Sulfur dioxide, Summit League, Super Bowl XX, Supreme Court of Illinois, Swedish Americans, Swing state, Tammy Duckworth, Tampico, Illinois, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Plain Dealer, Thomas A. Dorsey, Thunderstorm, Tiger salamander, Tonne, Tornado Alley, Trail of Tears, Transliteration, Transport hub, Tri-State Tornado, Tullimonstrum, Tumulus, Twin Groves Wind Farm, U.S. News & World Report, U.S. Open (golf), U.S. Open Cup, U.S. Route 12 in Illinois, U.S. Route 14 in Illinois, U.S. Route 20 in Illinois, U.S. Route 24 in Illinois, U.S. Route 30 in Illinois, U.S. Route 34 in Illinois, U.S. Route 36 in Illinois, U.S. Route 40, U.S. Route 41 in Illinois, U.S. Route 45 in Illinois, U.S. Route 50 in Illinois, U.S. Route 51 in Illinois, U.S. Route 52 in Illinois, U.S. Route 54, U.S. Route 6 in Illinois, U.S. Route 60 in Illinois, U.S. Route 67 in Illinois, U.S. state, UIC Flames, Ultimate Soccer League, Ulysses S. Grant, Ulysses S. Grant Home, Union (American Civil War), Union Army, Union Stock Yards, Union, Illinois, United Airlines, United Methodist Church, United States, United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Energy, United States Football League, United States Geological Survey, United States House of Representatives, United States nationality law, United States presidential election, 1916, United States presidential election, 1920, United States presidential election, 1952, United States presidential election, 1956, United States presidential election, 1960, United States presidential election, 1964, United States presidential election, 1968, United States presidential election, 1972, United States presidential election, 1976, United States presidential election, 1980, United States presidential election, 1984, United States presidential election, 1988, United States presidential election, 1992, United States presidential election, 1996, United States presidential election, 2000, United States presidential election, 2004, United States presidential election, 2008, United States presidential election, 2012, United States presidential election, 2016, United States Senate, United States Women's Open Championship (golf), University of Chicago, University of Chicago Booth School of Business, University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois at Springfield, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, University of Illinois Press, University of Michigan Press, University of Nebraska Press, Upper Mississippi River, Urban area, Urbana, Illinois, Utah, Utopia, Valley of Mexico, Vandalia State House State Historic Site, Vandalia, Illinois, Vehicle registration plates of Illinois, Vermont, Victorian era, Viking Press, Vincennes, Indiana, Viola (plant), Wabash River, Washington Wizards, Washington, Illinois, Watt, Wea, Western Athletic Conference, Western Illinois Leathernecks, Western Illinois University, Western Open, White Americans, White Hispanic and Latino Americans, White House Chief of Staff, White Latin Americans, White-tailed deer, Whiz Kids (Department of Defense), Wikisource, Will it play in Peoria?, William M. Daley, Wilmette, Illinois, Wind farm, Wind power, Wind profile power law, Windy City Bulls, Windy City ThunderBolts, Wisconsin, WMAQ-TV, WMBD-TV, Women's National Basketball Association, Women's Professional Basketball League, Women's Western Open, World Football League, World Hockey Association, World Series, World War II, World's fair, Wrigley Field, Wyoming, WYZZ-TV, XFL, Zero emission, Zion Nuclear Power Station, 1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado, 1908 World Series, 1917 World Series, 1926–27 NHL season, 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak, 1990 Plainfield tornado, 2005 World Series, 2009 Solheim Cup, 2010 United States Census, 2012 Ryder Cup, 2014–15 NHL season. Expand index (759 more) »

Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865) was an American statesman and lawyer who served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865.

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Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum

The Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum documents the life of the 16th U.S. President, Abraham Lincoln, and the course of the American Civil War.

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Acciona Energy

Acciona Energy, a subsidiary of Acciona based in Madrid, is a Spanish company developing renewable energy projects, including small hydro, biomass, solar energy and thermal energy, and the marketing of biofuels.

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Acid rain

Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH).

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Adlai Stevenson I

Adlai Ewing Stevenson (October 23, 1835 – June 14, 1914) served as the 23rd Vice President of the United States (1893–97).

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Adlai Stevenson II

Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 – July 14, 1965) was an American lawyer, politician, and diplomat, noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent public speaking, and promotion of progressive causes in the Democratic Party.

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Adlai Stevenson III

Adlai Ewing Stevenson III (born October 10, 1930) is an American politician of the Democratic Party.

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Adler Planetarium

The Adler Planetarium is a public museum dedicated to the study of astronomy and astrophysics.

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Administrative divisions of Illinois

The administrative divisions of Illinois are counties, townships, precincts, cities, towns, villages, and special-purpose districts.

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Admission to the Union

The Admission to the Union Clause of the United States Constitution, oftentimes called the New States Clause, and found at Article IV, Section 3, Clause 1, authorizes the Congress to admit new states into the United States beyond the thirteen already in existence at the time the Constitution went into effect.

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African Americans

African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.

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African-American English

African-American English (AAE), also known as Black English in North American linguistics, is the set of English dialects primarily spoken by most black people in North America; most commonly, it refers to a dialect continuum ranging from African-American Vernacular English to a more standard English.

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Age of consent

The age of consent is the age below which a minor is considered to be legally incompetent to consent to sexual acts.

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Agricultural productivity

Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural inputs.

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Ahmadiyya

Ahmadiyya (officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, transliterated: al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah; احمدیہ مسلم جماعت) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, in the late 19th century.

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Air pollution

Air pollution occurs when harmful or excessive quantities of substances including gases, particulates, and biological molecules are introduced into Earth's atmosphere.

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Airline hub

Airline hubs or hub airports are used by one or more airlines to concentrate passenger traffic and flight operations at a given airport.

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Al-Sadiq Mosque

The Al Sadiq Mosque (Wabash Mosque) was commissioned in 1922 in the Bronzeville neighborhood in city of Chicago.

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Alabama

Alabama is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Alaska Natives

Alaska Natives are indigenous peoples of Alaska, United States and include: Iñupiat, Yupik, Aleut, Eyak, Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and a number of Northern Athabaskan cultures.

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Algonquian languages

The Algonquian languages (or; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family.

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Almshouse

An almshouse (also known as a poorhouse) is charitable housing provided to people in a particular community.

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Alton, Illinois

Alton is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about north of St. Louis, Missouri.

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American (word)

The meaning of the word American in the English language varies according to the historical, geographical, and political context in which it is used.

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American Airlines

American Airlines, Inc. (AA) is a major United States airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas, within the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex.

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American Basketball Association (2000–present)

The American Basketball Association (ABA) is an American semi-professional men's basketball minor league that was founded in 1999.

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American Bottom

The American Bottom is the flood plain of the Mississippi River in the Metro-East region of Southern Illinois, extending from Alton, Illinois, south to the Kaskaskia River.

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American Civil War

The American Civil War (also known by other names) was a war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865.

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American Discovery Trail

The American Discovery Trail is a system of recreational trails and roads which collectively form a coast-to-coast hiking and biking trail across the mid-tier of the United States.

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American English

American English (AmE, AE, AmEng, USEng, en-US), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.

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American Hockey League

The American Hockey League (AHL) is a 31-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental league for the National Hockey League (NHL).

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American Law Institute

The American Law Institute (ALI) was established in 1923 to promote the clarification and simplification of United States common law and its adaptation to changing social needs.

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American League

The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, or simply the American League (AL), is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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American Viticultural Area

An American Viticultural Area (AVA) is a designated wine grape-growing region in the United States, providing an official appellation for the benefit of wineries.

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American Wind Energy Association

The American Wind Energy Association (AWEA) is a Washington, D.C.-based national trade association formed in 1974, representing wind power project developers, equipment suppliers, service providers, parts manufacturers, utilities, researchers, and others involved in the wind industry.

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Amtrak

The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak, is a passenger railroad service that provides medium- and long-distance intercity service in the contiguous United States and to three Canadian cities.

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Andrew Hull Foote

Andrew Hull Foote (September 12, 1806 – June 26, 1863) was an American naval officer who was noted for his service in the American Civil War and also for his contributions to several naval reforms in the years prior to the war.

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Andropogon gerardi

Andropogon gerardi, known commonly as big bluestem, turkeyfoot, tall bluestem,Uchytil, R. J. 1988.

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Apple

An apple is a sweet, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus pumila).

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Arabian Peninsula

The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, ‘Arabian island’ or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب, ‘Island of the Arabs’), is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate.

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Archer Daniels Midland

The Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) is an American global food processing and commodities trading corporation, headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

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Arena Football League

The Arena Football League (AFL) is a professional indoor American football league in the United States.

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Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne National Laboratory is a science and engineering research national laboratory operated by the University of Chicago Argonne LLC for the United States Department of Energy located near Lemont, Illinois, outside Chicago.

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Arizona Cardinals

The Arizona Cardinals are a professional American football franchise based in the Phoenix metropolitan area.

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Art Institute of Chicago

The Art Institute of Chicago, founded in 1879 and located in Chicago's Grant Park, is one of the oldest and largest art museums in the United States.

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Asian Americans

Asian Americans are Americans of Asian descent.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Atlantic Ocean

The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.

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Atomic Age

The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear ("atomic") bomb, Trinity, on July 16, 1945, during World War II.

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Aurora, Illinois

Aurora, a suburb of Chicago, is a city predominantly in Kane County and DuPage County, with portions extending into Kendall and Will counties.

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Autobahn Country Club

Autobahn Country Club is an auto racing road course located in Joliet, Illinois, operated as a country club, while also hosting many outside events.

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Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

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Bahá'í House of Worship (Wilmette, Illinois)

The Bahá'í House of Worship (or Bahá'í Temple) is a temple in Wilmette, Illinois.

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Baltimore

Baltimore is the largest city in the U.S. state of Maryland, and the 30th-most populous city in the United States.

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Barack Obama

Barack Hussein Obama II (born August 4, 1961) is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from January 20, 2009, to January 20, 2017.

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Basketball

Basketball is a team sport played on a rectangular court.

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Basketball Association of America

The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was a professional basketball league in North America, founded in 1946.

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Basques

No description.

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Batavia, Illinois

Batavia is a city in DuPage and Kane counties in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Beaver Wars

The Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars, encompass a series of conflicts fought intermittently during the 17th and 18th centuries in eastern North America.

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Belleville, Illinois

Belleville (French: Belle ville, meaning "Beautiful city") is a city in St. Clair County, Illinois, coterminous with the now defunct Belleville Township.

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Bellwether

A bellwether is one that leads or indicates trends; a trendsetter.

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Benny Goodman

Benjamin David "Benny" Goodman (May 30, 1909 – June 13, 1986) was an American jazz clarinetist and bandleader known as the "King of Swing".

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Big East Conference

The Big East Conference (stylized as BIG EAST) is a collegiate athletic conference that competes in NCAA Division I in all sports except football, which is not sponsored.

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Big Ten Conference

The Big Ten Conference (B1G), formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States.

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Bituminous coal

Bituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen or asphalt.

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Black Hawk War

The Black Hawk War was a brief conflict between the United States and Native Americans led by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader.

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Blackhawk Farms Raceway

Blackhawk Farms is a private circuit racetrack located outside South Beloit, Illinois, on a farm on the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.

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Bloomington Edge

The Bloomington Edge are a professional indoor football team based in Bloomington, Illinois.

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Bloomington Flex

The Bloomington Flex are a professional minor league basketball team based in Bloomington, Illinois.

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Bloomington–Normal

Bloomington–Normal, officially known as the Bloomington, Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area, is a metropolitan area in Central Illinois anchored by the twin municipalities of Bloomington and Normal.

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Bluegill

The bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) is a species of freshwater fish sometimes referred to as bream, brim, or copper nose.

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Blues

Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.

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BMW Championship (PGA Tour)

The BMW Championship is a professional golf tournament which is the third of four FedEx Cup playoff events on the PGA Tour schedule.

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BP

BP plc (stylised as bp), formerly British Petroleum, is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Bradley Braves

The Bradley Braves are the intercollegiate athletics teams of Bradley University, located in Peoria, Illinois, United States.

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Braidwood Nuclear Generating Station

Braidwood Generating Station is located in Will County in northeastern Illinois, USA.

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Bridgeview, Illinois

Bridgeview is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Brigham Young

Brigham Young (June 1, 1801August 29, 1877) was an American religious leader, politician, and settler.

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British Americans

British Americans usually refers to Americans whose ancestry originates wholly or partly in the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland).

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Brookfield Zoo

Brookfield Zoo, also known as the Chicago Zoological Park, is a zoo located in the Chicago suburb of Brookfield, Illinois.

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Brookfield, Illinois

Brookfield (formerly Grossdale) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States, located west of downtown Chicago.

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Bruce Rauner

Bruce Vincent Rauner (born February 18, 1957) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and politician.

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Bud Freeman

Lawrence "Bud" Freeman (April 13, 1906 – March 15, 1991) was an American jazz musician, bandleader, and composer, known mainly for playing the tenor saxophone, but also able at the clarinet.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Byron Nuclear Generating Station

The Byron Nuclear Generating Station is a nuclear power plant located in Ogle County, Illinois, east of the Rock River.

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Cahokia

The Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (11 MS 2) is the site of a pre-Columbian Native American city (circa 1050–1350 CE) directly across the Mississippi River from modern St. Louis, Missouri.

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Cairo, Illinois

Cairo is the southernmost city in the U.S. state of Illinois, and is the county seat of Alexander County.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Carbondale, Illinois

Carbondale is a city in Jackson County, Illinois, United States, within the Southern Illinois region informally known as "Little Egypt." The city developed from 1853 because of the stimulation of railroad construction into the area.

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Carl Sandburg (train)

The Carl Sandburg is a 258-mile (415 km) passenger train route operated by Amtrak that runs between Chicago and Quincy, Illinois.

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Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching

The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching (CFAT) is a U.S.-based education policy and research center.

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Carol Moseley Braun

Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun (born August 16, 1947), is an American diplomat, politician and lawyer who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999.

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Carpentersville, Illinois

Carpentersville is a village in Kane County, Illinois, United States.

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Carthage Jail

Carthage Jail is a historic building in Carthage, Illinois, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Cattle

Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.

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Center of population

In demographics, the center of population (or population center) of a region is a geographical point that describes a centerpoint of the region's population.

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Central Illinois

Central Illinois is a region of the U.S. state of Illinois that consists of the entire central third of the state, divided from north to south.

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Central Time Zone

The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.

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Century of Progress

A Century of Progress International Exposition was a World's Fair registered under the Bureau International des Expositions (BIE), which was held in Chicago, as The Chicago World's Fair, from 1933 to 1934 to celebrate the city's centennial.

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Champ Car

Champ Car is the general name for a class and specification of American professional top-level open wheel cars used in American open-wheel car racing for many decades, associated primarily with the Indianapolis 500.

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Champaign, Illinois

Champaign is a city in Champaign County, Illinois, United States.

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Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area

The Champaign–Urbana metropolitan area, also known as Champaign-Urbana and Urbana-Champaign, is a metropolitan area in east-central Illinois.

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Charles Mound

Charles Mound is a gentle, high hill in northern Jo Daviess County, Illinois, United States, near the small town of Scales Mound, and northeast of Galena.

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Chicago

Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third most populous city in the United States, after New York City and Los Angeles.

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Chicago "L"

The Chicago "L" (short for "elevated") is the rapid transit system serving the city of Chicago and some of its surrounding suburbs in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Chicago (poem)

"Chicago" is a poem by Carl Sandburg, about the U.S. city of Chicago.

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Chicago American Gears

The Chicago American Gears were a National Basketball League team who played from 1944 to 1947.

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Chicago American Giants

The Chicago American Giants were a Chicago-based Negro league baseball team, owned and managed from 1911 to 1926 by player-manager Andrew "Rube" Foster.

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Chicago Bandits

The Chicago Bandits are a women's professional softball team based in Rosemont, Illinois.

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Chicago Bears

The Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Blackhawks

The Chicago Blackhawks (spelled Black Hawks until 1986, and known colloquially as the Hawks) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Blaze (basketball)

The Chicago Blaze were a women's professional basketball team in the National Women's Basketball League (NWBL).

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Chicago Blitz

The Chicago Blitz was a professional American football team that played in the United States Football League in the mid-1980s.

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Chicago blues

The Chicago blues is a form of blues music indigenous to Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Bruins

The Chicago Bruins were an American basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois that was a member of the American Basketball League.

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Chicago Bruisers

The Chicago Bruisers were a professional arena football team based in Rosemont, Illinois.

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Chicago Bulls

The Chicago Bulls are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Cougars

The Chicago Cougars were a franchise in the World Hockey Association from 1972 to 1975.

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Chicago Cubs

The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Enforcers

The Chicago Enforcers were a short-lived American football team based at Soldier Field in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Express

The Chicago Express was a professional ice hockey team located in Hoffman Estates, Illinois, serving the Chicago market.

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Chicago Fire (WFL)

The Chicago Fire was an American football team in the short-lived World Football League for one season, 1974.

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Chicago Fire Soccer Club

Chicago Fire Soccer Club is an American professional soccer club based in the Chicago suburb of Bridgeview, Illinois.

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Chicago History Museum

Chicago History Museum (formerly known as the Chicago Historical Society) was founded in 1856 to study and interpret Chicago's history.

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Chicago Hustle

The Chicago Hustle was a team in the Women's Professional Basketball League (WBL) from 1978-1981.

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Chicago Loop

The Loop is the central business district or downtown area of Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Majors

The Chicago Majors was a basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois, that was a member of the American Basketball League from 1961 to 1963.

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Chicago Mercantile Exchange

The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) (often called "the Chicago Merc", or "the Merc") is an American financial and commodity derivative exchange based in Chicago and located at 20 S. Wacker Drive.

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Chicago metropolitan area

The Chicago metropolitan area, or Chicagoland, is the metropolitan area that includes the city of Chicago, Illinois, and its suburbs.

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Chicago Motor Speedway

The Chicago Motor Speedway at Sportsman's Park located in Cicero, Illinois, just outside Chicago, was built in 1999 by a group including Chip Ganassi, owner of Chip Ganassi Racing.

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Chicago Mustangs (1967–68)

The Chicago Mustangs were an American professional soccer team based out of Chicago, Illinois that was a charter member of the United Soccer Association in 1967.

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Chicago Pile-1

Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first nuclear reactor.

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Chicago Power

The Chicago Power were an indoor soccer club based in Chicago, Illinois that competed in the American Indoor Soccer Association and National Professional Soccer League.

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Chicago Red Stars

The Chicago Red Stars is an American professional soccer club based in Chicago, competing in the National Women's Soccer League, who play their home games in Toyota Park.

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Chicago River

The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center (the Chicago Loop).

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Chicago Rush

The Chicago Rush were a professional arena football team based in Rosemont, Illinois.

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Chicago Sinfonietta

The Chicago Sinfonietta is an American orchestra based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Sky

The Chicago Sky are an American professional basketball team based in Chicago, playing in the Eastern Conference of the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).

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Chicago Stags

The Chicago Stags were a National Basketball Association team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago State Cougars

The Chicago State Cougars are the varsity athletic teams representing Chicago State University of Chicago, Illinois in intercollegiate athletics.

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Chicago Sting

The Chicago Sting (1974–1988) was an American professional soccer team based in Chicago.

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Chicago Storm

The Chicago Storm was a team in the Ultimate Soccer League that began play in the 2004-2005 season as a member of the Major Indoor Soccer League.

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Chicago Studebaker Flyers

The Chicago Studebaker Flyers (also known as the Chicago Studebakers) were a National Basketball League team from 1942 to 1943.

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Chicago Symphony Orchestra

The Chicago Symphony Orchestra (CSO) was founded by Theodore Thomas in 1891.

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Chicago Transit Authority

The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) is the operator of mass transit in Chicago, Illinois and some of its surrounding suburbs, including the trains of the Chicago "L" and CTA bus service.

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Chicago Whales

The Chicago Whales were a professional baseball team based in Chicago.

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Chicago White Sox

The Chicago White Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago, Illinois.

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Chicago Winds

The Chicago Winds was the World Football League's ill-fated 1975 successor to the Chicago Fire.

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Chicago Wolves

The Chicago Wolves are a professional ice hockey team playing in the Central Division of the Western Conference of the American Hockey League.

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Chicagoland Speedway

Chicagoland Speedway is a tri-oval speedway in Joliet, Illinois, southwest of Chicago.

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Chiefdom

A chiefdom is a form of hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, and in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or 'houses'.

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Cicero, Illinois

Cicero (originally known as Hawthorne) is a suburb of Chicago and an incorporated town in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Civil township

A civil township is a widely used unit of local government in the United States, subordinate to a county.

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Clinton Power Station

The Clinton Power Station is located near Clinton, Illinois, USA.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Codification (law)

In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.

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Cog Hill Golf & Country Club

Cog Hill Golf & Country Club is a public golf course and country club located southwest of Chicago, in incorporated Cook County in the village of Palos Park.

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Collar counties

The collar counties are the five counties of Illinois that border on Chicago's Cook County.

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Collinsville, Illinois

Collinsville is a city located mainly in Madison County, and partially in St. Clair County, both in Illinois.

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Colony of Virginia

The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey GilbertGILBERT (Saunders Family), SIR HUMPHREY" (history), Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online, University of Toronto, May 2, 2005 in 1583, and the subsequent further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s. The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607. The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years. Jamestown occupied land belonging to the Powhatan Confederacy, and was also at the brink of failure before the arrival of a new group of settlers and supplies by ship in 1610. Tobacco became Virginia's first profitable export, the production of which had a significant impact on the society and settlement patterns. In 1624, the Virginia Company's charter was revoked by King James I, and the Virginia colony was transferred to royal authority as a crown colony. After the English Civil War in the 1640s and 50s, the Virginia colony was nicknamed "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II for its perceived loyalty to the English monarchy during the era of the Protectorate and Commonwealth of England.. From 1619 to 1775/1776, the colonial legislature of Virginia was the House of Burgesses, which governed in conjunction with a colonial governor. Jamestown on the James River remained the capital of the Virginia colony until 1699; from 1699 until its dissolution the capital was in Williamsburg. The colony experienced its first major political turmoil with Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. After declaring independence from the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1775, before the Declaration of Independence was officially adopted, the Virginia colony became the Commonwealth of Virginia, one of the original thirteen states of the United States, adopting as its official slogan "The Old Dominion". The entire modern states of West Virginia, Kentucky, Indiana and Illinois, and portions of Ohio and Western Pennsylvania were later created from the territory encompassed, or claimed by, the colony of Virginia at the time of further American independence in July 1776.

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Common law offence

Common law offences are crimes under English criminal law and the related criminal law of other Commonwealth countries.

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Community college

A community college is a type of educational institution.

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Congerville, Illinois

Congerville is a village in Woodford County, Illinois, United States.

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Connecticut Western Reserve

The Connecticut Western Reserve was a portion of land claimed by the Colony of Connecticut and later by the state of Connecticut in what is now mostly the northeastern region of Ohio.

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Constitution of Illinois

The Constitution of the State of Illinois is the governing document of the state of Illinois.

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Continental Basketball Association

The Continental Basketball Association (CBA) was a professional men's basketball minor league in the United States.

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Conway Farms Golf Club

The Conway Farms Golf Club is a private golf club in the central United States, located in Lake Forest, Illinois, a suburb north of Chicago.

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Cook County, Illinois

Cook County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Coordinated Universal Time

No description.

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Corn Belt

The Corn Belt is a region of the Midwestern United States that, since the 1850s, has dominated corn production in the United States.

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Crawford County, Illinois

Crawford County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Dairy product

Dairy products, milk products or lacticinia are a type of food produced from or containing the milk of mammals, primarily cattle, water buffaloes, goats, sheep, camels, and humans.

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Daley family

The Daley family is an American political family from Chicago that is deeply entrenched the vast political machine system of Illinois.

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Dallas Rattlers

The Dallas Rattlers are a Major League Lacrosse (MLL) professional men's field lacrosse team based in Frisco, Texas starting in 2018.

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Dan Rostenkowski

Daniel David Rostenkowski (January 2, 1928 – August 11, 2010) was a United States Representative from Chicago, serving from 1959 to 1995.

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David Kim (violinist)

David Kim (born 24 May 1963) is a violinist born in Carbondale, Illinois and was the only American to win a prize at the International Tchaikovsky Competition in Moscow in 1986, where he got sixth prize.

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Death of Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith, the founder and leader of the Latter Day Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum Smith were killed by a mob in Carthage, Illinois, on June 27, 1844.

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Decatur, Illinois

Decatur is the largest city and the county seat of Macon County in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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DeKalb, Illinois

DeKalb is a city in DeKalb County, Illinois, United States.

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Democratic Party (United States)

The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party (nicknamed the GOP for Grand Old Party).

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DePaul Blue Demons

The DePaul Blue Demons are the athletic teams that represent DePaul University, located in Chicago, Illinois.

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DePaul University

DePaul University is a private university in Chicago, Illinois.

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Derivative (finance)

In finance, a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity.

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Des Plaines, Illinois

Des Plaines is a city in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Dick Durbin

Richard Joseph Durbin (born November 21, 1944) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Illinois since 1997.

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Dixieland

Dixieland, sometimes referred to as hot jazz or traditional jazz, is a style of jazz based on the music that developed in New Orleans at the start of the 20th century.

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Dixon, Illinois

Dixon is a city and the county seat of Lee County, Illinois, United States.

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Donald Trump

Donald John Trump (born June 14, 1946) is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017.

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Dorothea Dix

Dorothea Lynde Dix (April 4, 1802July 17, 1887) was an American activist on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums.

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Douglas, Chicago

Douglas, on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of 77 Chicago community areas.

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Downstate Illinois

Downstate Illinois is all of Illinois south of the Chicago metropolitan area, and is generally meant to refer to everything outside the Chicago area.

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Dragstrip

A dragstrip is a facility for conducting automobile and motorcycle acceleration events such as drag racing.

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Dresden Generating Station

Dresden Generating Station (also known as Dresden Nuclear Power Plant or Dresden Nuclear Power Station) is the first privately financed nuclear power plant built in the United States. Dresden 1 was activated in 1960 and retired in 1978. Operating since 1970 are Dresden units 2 and 3, two General Electric BWR-3 boiling water reactors. Dresden Station is located on a site in Grundy County, Illinois, at the head of the Illinois River, near Morris, Illinois. It is immediately northeast of the Morris Operation—the only de facto high-level radioactive waste storage site in the United States. It serves Chicago and the northern quarter of the state of Illinois, capable of producing 867 megawatts of electricity from each of its two reactors, enough to power over one million average American homes. In 2004, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) renewed the operating licenses for both reactors, extending them from forty years to sixty.

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Driftless Area

The Driftless Area is a region in Minnesota, Wisconsin, northwestern Illinois, and northeastern Iowa of the American Midwest that was never glaciated.

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Dutch Americans

Dutch Americans are Americans of Dutch descent whose ancestors came from the Netherlands in the recent or distant past.

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Dwight D. Eisenhower

Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

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Easley Pioneer Museum

Easley Pioneer Museum is located at the corner of Mills Street and West Broadway in Ipava, Illinois.

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East St. Louis, Illinois

East St.

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Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent.

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Eastern Illinois Panthers

The Eastern Illinois Panthers are the intercollegiate athletic programs of Eastern Illinois University (EIU) located in Charleston, Illinois, United States.

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Eastern Orthodox Church

The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.

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ECHL

The ECHL (formerly the East Coast Hockey League) is a mid-level professional ice hockey league based in Princeton, New Jersey, with teams scattered across the United States and two franchises in Canada.

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Educational accreditation

Educational accreditation is a type of quality assurance process under which services and operations of educational institutions or programs are evaluated by an external body to determine if applicable standards are met.

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Edwardsville, Illinois

Edwardsville is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States.

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Elgin, Illinois

Elgin is a city in Cook and Kane counties in the northern part of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Elihu Benjamin Washburne House

The Elihu Benjamin Washburne House, also known as the Washburne-Sheehan House, is a -story Greek Revival house located at 908 Third Street in Galena, Illinois.

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Encompass Championship

The Encompass Championship was a golf tournament on the Champions Tour.

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Energy Biosciences Institute

The Energy Biosciences Institute (EBI) is an organization dedicated to developing new sources of energy and reducing the impact of energy consumption.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Erie Canal

The Erie Canal is a canal in New York, United States that is part of the east–west, cross-state route of the New York State Canal System (formerly known as the New York State Barge Canal).

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Eroica Trio

The Eroica Trio is an American piano trio consisting of Erika Nickrenz, piano; Sara Parkins, violin; and Sara Sant'Ambrogio, cello.

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Ethanol

Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula.

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Eureka College

Eureka College is a private, non-profit Christian college in Eureka, Illinois, related by covenant to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).

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Evansville, Indiana

Evansville is a city and the county seat of Vanderburgh County, Indiana, United States.

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Evelyn Sanguinetti

Evelyn Pacino Sanguinetti (born November 12, 1970) is the 47th and current Lieutenant Governor of Illinois.

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False etymology

A false etymology (popular etymology, etymythology, pseudo-etymology, or par(a)etymology), sometimes called folk etymology – although the last term is also a technical term in linguistics - is a popularly held but false belief about the origin or derivation of a specific word.

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Farm Aid

Farm Aid started as a benefit concert held September 22, 1985, in Champaign, Illinois, to raise money for family farmers in the United States.

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Fermilab

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located just outside Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics.

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Field Museum of Natural History

The Field Museum of Natural History, also known as The Field Museum, is a natural history museum in the city of Chicago, and is one of the largest such museums in the world.

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Flag and seal of Illinois

The Great Seal of the State of Illinois is the official emblem of the state, and signifies the official nature of a document produced by the state of Illinois.

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Flat rate

A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate, refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service, regardless of usage.

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Fluorite

Not to be confused with Fluoride. Fluorite (also called fluorspar) is the mineral form of calcium fluoride, CaF2.

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Fort Massac

Fort Massac (or Fort Massiac) is a colonial and early National-era fort on the Ohio River in Massac County, Illinois, United States.

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Frederic M. Scherer

Frederic Michael Scherer (born 1932 in Ottawa, Illinois) is an American economist and expert on industrial organization.

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Freedman

A freedman or freedwoman is a former slave who has been released from slavery, usually by legal means.

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French Americans

French Americans (French: Franco-Américains) are citizens or nationals of the United States who identify themselves with having full or partial French or French Canadian heritage, ethnicity, and/or ancestral ties.

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French Canadians

French Canadians (also referred to as Franco-Canadians or Canadiens; Canadien(ne)s français(es)) are an ethnic group who trace their ancestry to French colonists who settled in Canada from the 17th century onward.

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Frontier League

The Frontier League is a professional, independent baseball organization located in the Midwestern United States.

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FutureGen

FutureGen is a project (now suspended) to demonstrate capture and sequestration of waste carbon dioxide from a coal-fired electrical generating station.

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Futures exchange

A futures exchange or futures market is a central financial exchange where people can trade standardized futures contracts; that is, a contract to buy specific quantities of a commodity or financial instrument at a specified price with delivery set at a specified time in the future.

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Galena, Illinois

Galena is the largest city in and the county seat of Jo Daviess County, Illinois, with a population of 3,429 at the 2010 census.

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Gateway Grizzlies

The Gateway Grizzlies are a professional baseball team based in the St. Louis suburb of Sauget, Illinois, in the United States.

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Gateway Motorsports Park

Gateway Motorsports Park (formerly Gateway International Raceway) is a motorsport race track in Madison, Illinois, just east of St. Louis, Missouri, United States, close to the Gateway Arch.

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Gene Ammons

Eugene "Jug" Ammons (April 14, 1925 – August 6, 1974), also known as "The Boss", was an American jazz tenor saxophonist.

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George Rogers Clark

George Rogers Clark (November 19, 1752 – February 13, 1818) was an American surveyor, soldier, and militia officer from Virginia who became the highest ranking American military officer on the northwestern frontier during the American Revolutionary War.

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George Ryan

George Homer Ryan Sr. (born February 24, 1934) is an American former politician who was the 39th Governor of the U.S. state of Illinois from 1999 until 2003.

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George W. Bush

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.

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German Americans

German Americans (Deutschamerikaner) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry.

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Glendale, Arizona

Glendale is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona, United States, located about nine miles (14 km) northwest from Downtown Phoenix.

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Global city

A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city which is a primary node in the global economic network.

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Gospel music

Gospel music is a genre of Christian music.

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Government of Illinois

The government of Illinois, under the state’s constitution, has three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial.

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Governor of California

The Governor of California is the head of government of the U.S. state of California.

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Governor of Illinois

The Governor of Illinois is the chief executive of the State of Illinois and the various agencies and departments over which the officer has jurisdiction, as prescribed in the state constitution.

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Grand Village of the Illinois

The Grand Village of the Illinois, also called Old Kaskaskia Village, is a site significant for being the best documented historic Native American village in the Illinois River valley.

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Great Chicago Fire

The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned from Sunday, October 8, to Tuesday, October 10, 1871.

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Great Flood of 1993

The Great Mississippi and Missouri Rivers Flood of 1993 (or "Great Flood of 1993") occurred in the American Midwest, along the Mississippi and Missouri rivers and their tributaries, from May to October 1993.

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Great Lakes

The Great Lakes (les Grands-Lacs), also called the Laurentian Great Lakes and the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located primarily in the upper mid-east region of North America, on the Canada–United States border, which connect to the Atlantic Ocean through the Saint Lawrence River.

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Great Lakes region

The Great Lakes region of North America is a bi-national Canada-American region that includes portions of the eight U.S. states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin as well as the Canadian province of Ontario.

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Great Migration (African American)

The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970.

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Greater St. Louis

Greater St.

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Greenwood Publishing Group

ABC-CLIO/Greenwood is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-CLIO.

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Grundy County, Illinois

Grundy County is a county in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Guaranteed Rate Field

Guaranteed Rate Field is a baseball park located in Chicago, Illinois, that serves as the home ballpark for the Chicago White Sox of Major League Baseball.

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Hancock County, Illinois

Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Hard rock

Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.

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Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport

Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport, also known as Atlanta Airport, Hartsfield, or Hartsfield–Jackson, is an international airport located south of Atlanta's central business district, in the U.S. state of Georgia.

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Harvard Business School

Harvard Business School (HBS) is the graduate business school of Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts.

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Hawaii

Hawaii (Hawaii) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.

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Haymarket affair

The Haymarket affair (also known as the Haymarket massacre or Haymarket riot) was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday, May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago.

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Heating oil

Heating oil is a low viscosity, liquid petroleum product used as a fuel oil for furnaces or boilers in buildings.

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Henri de Tonti

Henri de Tonti (1649/50 – August 1704) was an Italian soldier, explorer, and fur trader in the service of France.

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Hillary Clinton

Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26, 1947) is an American politician and diplomat who served as the First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001, U.S. Senator from New York from 2001 to 2009, 67th United States Secretary of State from 2009 to 2013, and the Democratic Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2016 election.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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Hip hop music

Hip hop music, also called hip-hopMerriam-Webster Dictionary entry on hip-hop, retrieved from: A subculture especially of inner-city black youths who are typically devotees of rap music; the stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rap; also rap together with this music.

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Hispanic and Latino Americans

Hispanic Americans and Latino Americans (Estadounidenses hispanos) are people in the United States who are descendants of people from countries of Latin America and Spain.

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Historic house museum

A historic house museum is a house that has been transformed into a museum.

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History of African Americans in Chicago

The history of African Americans in Chicago dates back to Jean Baptiste Point du Sable’s trading activities in the 1780s.

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History of immigration to the United States

The history of immigration to the United States details the movement of people to the United States starting with the first European settlements from around 1600.

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History of slavery in Illinois

Slavery in Illinois existed for more than a century.

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History of the Chicago Cardinals

The professional American football team now known as the Arizona Cardinals previously played in Chicago, Illinois as the Chicago Cardinals from 1920 to 1959 before relocating to St. Louis, Missouri for the 1960 season.

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Ho-Chunk

The Ho-Chunk, also known as Hoocąągra or Winnebago, are a Siouan-speaking Native American people whose historic territory includes parts of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, and Illinois.

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Hoffman Estates, Illinois

Hoffman Estates is a village in Illinois, United States.

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Home rule

Home rule is government of a colony, dependent country, or region by its own citizens.

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Horizon League

The Horizon League is a 10-school collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I, whose members are located in and near the Midwestern United States.

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Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an educational and trade publisher in the United States.

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House music

House music is a genre of electronic dance music created by club DJs and music producers in Chicago in the early 1980s.

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Howlin' Wolf

Chester Arthur Burnett (June 10, 1910 – January 10, 1976), known as Howlin' Wolf, was a Chicago blues singer, guitarist, and harmonica player, originally from Mississippi.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.

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Humid subtropical climate

A humid subtropical climate is a zone of climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and mild to cool winters.

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Illini and Saluki

The Illini and Saluki are a pair of passenger trains operated by Amtrak between Chicago and Carbondale, Illinois.

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Illinoian (stage)

The Illinoian Stage is the name used by Quaternary geologists in North America to designate the period c.191,000 to c.130,000 years ago, during the middle Pleistocene, when sediments comprising the Illinoian Glacial Lobe were deposited.

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Illinois (state song)

"Illinois" is the official state song of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois and Michigan Canal

The Illinois and Michigan Canal connected the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico.

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Illinois Appellate Court

The Illinois Appellate Court is the court of first appeal for civil and criminal cases rising in the Illinois Circuit Courts.

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Illinois Attorney General

The Illinois Attorney General is the highest legal officer of the state of Illinois in the United States.

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Illinois circuit courts

The Illinois circuit courts are state courts of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Community College System

The Illinois Community College System consists of 39 public community college districts, composed of 48 community colleges and one multi-college center (East St. Louis Community College Center) where 3 of the community colleges offer additional classes.

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Illinois Compiled Statutes

The Illinois Compiled Statutes (ILCS) are the codified statutes of a general and permanent nature of Illinois.

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Illinois Comptroller

The Comptroller of Illinois is an elected official of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Confederation

The Illinois Confederation, sometimes referred to as the Illiniwek or Illini, was a group of 12–13 Native American tribes in the upper Mississippi River valley of North America.

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Illinois Country

The Illinois Country (Pays des Illinois, lit. "land of the Illinois (plural)", i.e. the Illinois people) — sometimes referred to as Upper Louisiana (la Haute-Louisiane; Alta Luisiana) — was a vast region of New France in what is now the Midwestern United States.

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Illinois County, Virginia

Illinois County, Virginia, was a political and geographic region, part of the British Province of Quebec, claimed during the American Revolutionary War on July 4, 1778 by George Rogers Clark of the Virginia Militia, during the Illinois Campaign.

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Illinois Fighting Illini

The Illinois Fighting Illini (IPA) are the intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign.

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Illinois General Assembly

The Illinois General Assembly is the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois and comprises the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate.

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Illinois House of Representatives

The Illinois House of Representatives is the lower house of the Illinois General Assembly, the bicameral legislature of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Institute of Technology

Illinois Institute of Technology (Illinois Tech or IIT) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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Illinois Railway Museum

The Illinois Railway Museum (IRM, reporting mark IRMX) is the largest railroad museum in the United States.

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Illinois River

The Illinois River (Miami-Illinois language: Inoka Siipiiwi) is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long, in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Route 59

Illinois Route 59 is a north–south state highway in northeastern Illinois.

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Illinois School Report Card

The Illinois School Report Card is a measurement of school performance administered by the Illinois State Board of Education.

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Illinois Secretary of State

The Secretary of State of Illinois is one of the six elected executive state offices of the government of Illinois, and one of the 47 secretaries of states in the United States.

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Illinois Senate

The Illinois Senate is the upper chamber of the Illinois General Assembly, the legislative branch of the government of the state of Illinois in the United States.

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Illinois Service

The Illinois Service, branded as Amtrak Illinois, is an American passenger rail network that consists of five trains operated by Amtrak on three corridors to provide frequent daily service between Chicago and other cities in the state of Illinois, along with the city of St. Louis in the neighbouring state of Missouri.

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Illinois State Capitol

The Illinois State Capitol, located in Springfield, Illinois, houses legislative and the executive branches of the government of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois state parks

The Illinois state park system began in 1908 with what is now Fort Massac State Park becoming the first park in a system encompassing over 60 parks and about the same number of recreational and wildlife areas.

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Illinois State Redbirds

The Illinois State Redbirds are the athletic teams that represent Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois.

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Illinois State University

Illinois State University (ISU) is a public university in Normal, Illinois.

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Illinois Territory

The Territory of Illinois was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 1, 1809, until December 3, 1818, when the southern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Illinois.

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Illinois Treasurer

The Treasurer of Illinois is an elected official of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Waterway

The Illinois Waterway system consists of of water from the mouth of the Calumet River to the mouth of the Illinois River at Grafton, Illinois.

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Illinois wine

Illinois wine refers to any wine that is made from grapes grown in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Illinois Zephyr

The Illinois Zephyr, running since 1971, is a 258-mile (415 km) passenger train operated by Amtrak, that runs between Chicago and Quincy, Illinois.

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Illinois's 7th congressional district

The 7th Congressional District of Illinois covers parts of Cook County, as of the 2011 redistricting that followed the 2010 census.

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Illinois-Wabash Company

The Illinois-Wabash Company, formally known as the United Illinois and Wabash Land Company, was a company formed in 1779 from the merger of the Illinois Company and the Wabash Company.

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Immigration

Immigration is the international movement of people into a destination country of which they are not natives or where they do not possess citizenship in order to settle or reside there, especially as permanent residents or naturalized citizens, or to take up employment as a migrant worker or temporarily as a foreign worker.

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Income tax

An income tax is a tax imposed on individuals or entities (taxpayers) that varies with respective income or profits (taxable income).

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Index of Illinois-related articles

The following is an alphabetical list of articles related to the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Indiana

Indiana is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern and Great Lakes regions of North America.

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Indiana University Press

Indiana University Press, also known as IU Press, is an academic publisher founded in 1950 at Indiana University that specializes in the humanities and social sciences.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Indoor Football League

The Indoor Football League (IFL) is a professional indoor American football league created in 2008 out of the merger between the Intense Football League and United Indoor Football.

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IndyCar Series

The IndyCar Series, currently known as the Verizon IndyCar Series for title sponsorship reasons, is the premier level of open-wheel racing in North America.

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Inland Northern American English

Inland Northern (American) English, also known in American linguistics as the Inland North or Great Lakes dialect, is an American English dialect spoken primarily by White Americans in a geographic band reaching from Central New York westward along the Erie Canal, through much of the U.S. Great Lakes region, to eastern Iowa.

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Interior Plains

The Interior Plains is a vast physiographic region that spreads across the Laurentian craton of central North America.

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Interstate 24

Interstate 24 (I-24) is an Interstate Highway in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States.

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Interstate 39

Interstate 39 (I-39) is a highway in the midwestern United States.

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Interstate 41

Interstate 41 (I-41) is a Interstate Highway connecting the interchange of I-94 and U.S. Route 41 (US 41), located south of the Wisconsin–Illinois border at the end of the Tri-State Tollway in metropolitan Chicago, to an interchange with I-43 in metropolitan Green Bay, Wisconsin.

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Interstate 55 in Illinois

Interstate 55 (I-55) is a major north–south Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of Illinois that connects the St. Louis, Missouri, and Chicago metropolitan areas.

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Interstate 57

Interstate 57 (I-57) is an Interstate Highway in Missouri and Illinois that parallels the old Illinois Central rail line for much of its route.

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Interstate 64 in Illinois

Interstate 64 (I-64) in the U.S. state of Illinois is a major east–west Interstate highway that runs from the St. Louis, Missouri, metropolitan area east to the Indiana state line near Grayville, Illinois.

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Interstate 70 in Illinois

Interstate 70 (I-70) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that travels from Cove Fort, Utah to Baltimore, Maryland.

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Interstate 72

Interstate 72 (I-72) is an Interstate Highway in the midwestern United States.

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Interstate 74 in Illinois

Interstate 74 (I-74) in the U.S. state of Illinois is a major northwest–southeast Interstate Highway that runs across the central portion of the state.

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Interstate 80 in Illinois

Interstate 80 (I-80) is a part of the Interstate Highway System that runs from San Francisco, California, to Teaneck, New Jersey.

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Interstate 88 (Illinois)

Interstate 88 (I-88) is a tolled Interstate Highway in the US state of Illinois that runs from an interchange with I-80 near Silvis and Moline to an interchange with I-290 and I-294 in Hillside, near Chicago.

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Interstate 90

Interstate 90 (I-90) is a transcontinental freeway, and the longest Interstate Highway in the United States at.

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Interstate 90 in Illinois

Interstate 90 (I-90) in the U.S. state of Illinois runs roughly northwest-to-southeast through the northern part of the state.

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Interstate 94 in Illinois

Interstate 94 (I-94) generally runs north–south through the northeastern portion of the U.S. state of Illinois, in Lake and Cook counties.

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Iowa

Iowa is a U.S. state in the Midwestern United States, bordered by the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux rivers to the west.

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Iowa people

The Iowa or Ioway, known as the Báxoǰe in their own language, are a Native American Siouan people.

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Ipava, Illinois

Ipava is a village in Fulton County, Illinois, United States.

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Irish Americans

Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánaigh) are an ethnic group comprising Americans who have full or partial ancestry from Ireland, especially those who identify with that ancestry, along with their cultural characteristics.

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Irreligion

Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference, rejection of, or hostility towards religion.

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Italian Americans

Italian Americans (italoamericani or italo-americani) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans who have ancestry from Italy.

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Jacksonville Developmental Center

The Jacksonville Developmental Center was an institution for developmentally delayed clients, located in Jacksonville, Illinois.

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Jacksonville, Illinois

Jacksonville is a city in Morgan County, Illinois, United States.

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Jacques Marquette

Father Jacques Marquette S.J. (June 1, 1637 – May 18, 1675), sometimes known as Père Marquette or James Marquette, was a French Jesuit missionary who founded Michigan's first European settlement, Sault Ste. Marie, and later founded St. Ignace, Michigan.

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James R. Thompson

James Robert Thompson Jr. (born May 8, 1936), also known as Big Jim Thompson, was the 37th and longest-serving Governor of the US state of Illinois, serving from 1977 to 1991.

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Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.

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Jehovah's Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity.

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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John A. Logan

John Alexander Logan (February 9, 1826 – December 26, 1886) was an American soldier and political leader.

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John Deere (inventor)

John Deere (February 7, 1804 – May 17, 1886) was an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction equipment manufacturers in the world.

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John Deere Classic

The John Deere Classic is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour.

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John Whitfield Bunn and Jacob Bunn

John Whitfield Bunn (June 21, 1831 – June 7, 1920)Illinois State Historical Society, Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, Vol.

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Joliet Slammers

The Joliet Slammers are a professional baseball team based in Joliet, Illinois, that play in the independent Frontier League.

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Joliet, Illinois

Joliet is a city in Will and Kendall counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, southwest of Chicago.

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Jordan Lynch

Jordan Lynch (born October 3, 1990) is a former American football quarterback and running back.

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Joseph Smith

Joseph Smith Jr. (December 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844) was an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement.

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Judiciary of Illinois

The Judiciary of Illinois is the unified court system of Illinois responsible for applying the Constitution and law of Illinois.

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Junior Wells

Junior Wells (born Amos Wells Blakemore Jr., December 9, 1934January 15, 1998) was an American Chicago blues vocalist, harmonica player, and recording artist.

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Kane County Cougars

The Kane County Cougars are a Class A Minor League Baseball team, affiliated with the Arizona Diamondbacks, that plays in the Midwest League.

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Kaskaskia River

The Kaskaskia River is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately long,U.S. Geological Survey.

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Kaskaskia, Illinois

Kaskaskia is a historically important village in Randolph County, Illinois, United States.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University

The Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University (also known as The Kellogg School or Kellogg) is the business school of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.

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Kentucky

Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States.

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Kickapoo people

The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe.

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Koster Site

The Koster Site is a prehistoric archaeological site located south of Eldred, Illinois.

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Labor unions in the United States

Labor unions in the United States are organizations that represent workers in many industries recognized under US labor law.

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Labour movement

The labour movement or labor movement consists of two main wings, the trade union movement (British English) or labor union movement (American English), also called trade unionism or labor unionism on the one hand, and the political labour movement on the other.

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Lake County Fielders

The Lake County Fielders were a professional minor league baseball team based in Zion, Illinois, located in Lake County in the northern reaches of the Chicago area.

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Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America and the only one located entirely within the United States.

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LaSalle County Nuclear Generating Station

LaSalle County Nuclear Generating Station, located southeast of Ottawa, Illinois serves Chicago and northern Illinois with electricity.

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Latter Day Saint movement

The Latter Day Saint movement (also called the LDS movement, LDS restorationist movement, or Smith–Rigdon movement) is the collection of independent church groups that trace their origins to a Christian primitivist movement founded by Joseph Smith in the late 1820s.

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Law school

A law school (also known as a law centre or college of law) is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Len Small

Lennington "Len" Small (June 16, 1862 – May 17, 1936) was an American politician.

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Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail

The Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail is a route across the United States commemorating the Lewis and Clark Expedition of 1804 to 1806.

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Lewis Stevenson (politician)

Lewis Green Stevenson (August 15, 1868 – April 5, 1929) was an American politician.

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LexisNexis

LexisNexis Group is a corporation providing computer-assisted legal research as well as business research and risk management services.

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Liberal arts college

A liberal arts college is a college with an emphasis on undergraduate study in the liberal arts and sciences.

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Lieutenant Governor of Illinois

The Lieutenant Governor of Illinois is the second highest executive of the State of Illinois.

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Lincoln Home National Historic Site

Lincoln Home National Historic Site preserves the Springfield, Illinois home and a historic district where Abraham Lincoln lived from 1844 to 1861, before becoming the 16th President of the United States.

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Lincoln Park

Lincoln Park is a park situated along Lake Michigan on North Side in Chicago, Illinois.

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Lincoln Park Zoo

Lincoln Park Zoo is a zoo located in Lincoln Park in Chicago, Illinois.

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Lincoln Service

The Lincoln Service is a 284-mile (457 km) higher-speed rail service operated by Amtrak that runs between Chicago, Illinois, and St. Louis, Missouri.

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List of African-American United States Senators

The United States Senate has had ten African-American elected or appointed office holders.

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List of denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement

The denominations in the Latter Day Saint movement are sometimes collectively referred to as Mormonism.

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List of food manufacturers of Chicago

Since the 1830s, when Chicago enjoyed a brief period of importance as a local milling center for spring wheat, the city has long been a center for the conversion of raw farm products into edible goods.

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List of NFL champions (1920–1969)

The National Football League champions, prior to the merger between the National Football League (NFL) and American Football League (AFL) in 1970, were determined by two different systems.

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List of U.S. states and territories by area

This is a complete list of the states of the United States and its major territories ordered by total area, land area, and water area.

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List of U.S. states and territories by GDP

This is a list of U.S. states and territories sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP).

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List of U.S. states and territories by population

As of April 1, 2010, the date of the 2010 United States Census, the nine most populous U.S. states contain slightly more than half of the total population.

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List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union

A state of the United States is one of the 50 constituent entities that shares its sovereignty with the federal government.

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List of U.S. states by GDP per capita

This is a list of U.S. states sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) per capita.

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List of United States cities by population

The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places of the United States.

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Loam

Loam is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > 63 µm), silt (particle size > 2 µm), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size These proportions can vary to a degree, however, and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam. In the USDA textural classification triangle, the only soil that is not predominantly sand, silt, or clay is called "loam". Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silt and clay-rich soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. The different types of loam soils each have slightly different characteristics, with some draining liquids more efficiently than others. The soil's texture, especially its ability to retain nutrients and water are crucial. Loam soil is suitable for growing most plant varieties. Bricks made of loam, mud, sand, and water, with an added binding material such as rice husks or straw, have been used in construction since ancient times.

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Lockport, Illinois

Lockport is a city in Will County, Illinois, United States, located 30 miles southwest of Chicago.

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Louis Jolliet

Louis Jolliet (September 21, 1645last seen May 1700) was a French Canadian explorer known for his discoveries in North America.

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Louisiana (New France)

Louisiana (La Louisiane; La Louisiane française) or French Louisiana was an administrative district of New France.

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Loyola Ramblers

The Loyola Ramblers are the varsity sports teams of Loyola University Chicago.

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Loyola University Chicago

Loyola University Chicago (often referred to as Loyola or LUC) is a private Catholic research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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LPGA

The Ladies Professional Golf Association (LPGA) is an American organization for female professional golfers.

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LPGA State Farm Classic

The LPGA State Farm Classic was a women's professional golf tournament on the LPGA Tour.

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Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod

The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod (LCMS), often referred to simply as the Missouri Synod, is a traditional, confessional Lutheran denomination in the United States.

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Lyric Opera of Chicago

Lyric Opera of Chicago is one of the leading opera companies in the United States.

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Macrocosm and microcosm

Macrocosm and microcosm refers to a vision of cosmos where the part (microcosm) reflects the whole (macrocosm) and vice versa.

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Madison, Illinois

Madison is a city in Madison and St. Clair counties in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Magnolia Manor (Cairo, Illinois)

Magnolia Manor is a postbellum manor located in Cairo, Illinois, located in Alexander County.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–92)

The Major Indoor Soccer League, known in its final two seasons as the Major Soccer League, was an indoor soccer league in the United States that played matches from fall 1978 to spring 1992.

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Major League Baseball

Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization, the oldest of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.

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Major League Lacrosse

Major League Lacrosse (MLL) is a semi-professional field lacrosse league consisting of nine teams in the United States.

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Major League Soccer

Major League Soccer (MLS) is a men's professional soccer league sanctioned by U.S. Soccer that represents the sport's highest level in both the United States and Canada.

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Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada

The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.

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Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.

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Marion County, Illinois

Marion County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Marion, Illinois

Marion is a city in and the county seat of Williamson County, Illinois, United States.

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Mascouten

The Mascouten (also Mascoutin, Mathkoutench, Muscoden, or Musketoon) were a tribe of Algonquian-speaking Native Americans located in the Midwest.

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Mattoon, Illinois

Mattoon is a city in Coles County, Illinois, United States.

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May–June 1917 tornado outbreak sequence

The 1917 May–June tornado outbreak sequence was an eight-day tornado event, known as a tornado outbreak sequence, that killed at least 383 people, mostly in the Midwestern and parts of the Southeastern United States.

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Mayor of Chicago

The Mayor of Chicago is the chief executive of Chicago, Illinois, the third-largest city in the United States.

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Mazon, Illinois

Mazon is a village in Mazon Township, Grundy County, Illinois, United States.

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McDonald's

McDonald's is an American fast food company, founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald, in San Bernardino, California, United States.

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McLean County, Illinois

McLean County is the largest county by land area in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Meadowdale International Raceway

Meadowdale International Raceway was a race track located in Carpentersville, Illinois.

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Medinah Country Club

Medinah Country Club is a private country club in Medinah, Illinois, with nearly 600 members and containing three golf courses, Lake Kadijah, swimming facilities and a Byzantine-style, mosque-evoking clubhouse with Oriental, Louis XIV and Italian architectural aspects.

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Member of Congress

A Member of Congress (MOC) is a person who has been appointed or elected and inducted into an official body called a congress, typically to represent a particular constituency in a legislature.

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Mendota Hills Wind Farm

The Mendota Hills Wind Farm is a wind farm in the U.S. state of Illinois near the village of Paw Paw in Lee County.

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Meskwaki

The Meskwaki (sometimes spelled Mesquakie) are a Native American people often known to European-Americans as the Fox tribe.

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Metra

Metra is a commuter railroad in the Chicago metropolitan area.

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Metro East

Metro East is a region in Illinois that comprises the eastern suburbs of St. Louis, Missouri, United States (US).

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Mexican Americans

Mexican Americans (mexicoamericanos or estadounidenses de origen mexicano) are Americans of full or partial Mexican descent.

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Miami people

The Miami (Miami-Illinois: Myaamiaki) are a Native American nation originally speaking one of the Algonquian languages.

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Miami-Illinois language

Miami-Illinois (Myaamia) is an indigenous Algonquian language formerly spoken in the United States, primarily in Illinois, Missouri, Indiana, western Ohio and adjacent areas along the Mississippi River by the Miami and Wea as well as the tribes of the Illinois Confederation, including the Kaskaskia, Peoria, Tamaroa, Cahokia, and Mitchigamea.

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Michael Jordan

Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963), also known by his initials, MJ, is an American former professional basketball player.

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Michigan

Michigan is a state in the Great Lakes and Midwestern regions of the United States.

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Mid-American Conference

The Mid-American Conference (MAC) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois.

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Middle school

A middle school (also known as intermediate school or junior high school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school.

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Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie

The Midewin National Tallgrass Prairie (MNTP) is a tallgrass prairie reserve and United States National Grassland operated by the United States Forest Service.

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Midland American English

Midland American English is a regional dialect or super-dialect of American English, geographically lying between the traditionally-defined Northern and Southern United States.

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Midlothian Country Club

Midlothian Country Club is a golf course in Midlothian, Illinois.

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Midway International Airport

Chicago Midway International Airport is a major commercial airport on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois, located eight miles (13 km) from the Loop.

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Midwest Clinic

The Midwest Clinic International Band and Orchestra Conference is the world's largest instrumental music education conference, annually drawing approximately 17,000 attendees to Chicago from all 50 states and as many as forty countries.

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Midwest League

The Midwest League is a Minor League Baseball league, established in 1954 and based in the Midwestern United States.

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Midwest Professional Basketball Association

The Midwest Professional Basketball Association (MPBA) is a professional men's basketball league that began play in January 2015.

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Midwestern United States

The Midwestern United States, also referred to as the American Midwest, Middle West, or simply the Midwest, is one of four census regions of the United States Census Bureau (also known as "Region 2").

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Military Tract of 1812

On May 6, 1812, an act of Congress was passed (PDF) which set aside bounty lands as payment to volunteer soldiers for the War against the British (War of 1812).

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Minor league

Minor leagues are professional sports leagues which are not regarded as the premier leagues in those sports.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Mississippi

Mississippi is a state in the Southern United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico.

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Mississippi River

The Mississippi River is the chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.

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Mississippian culture

The Mississippian culture was a mound-building Native American civilization archeologists date from approximately 800 CE to 1600 CE, varying regionally.

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Missouri

Missouri is a state in the Midwestern United States.

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Missouri Valley Conference

The Missouri Valley Conference (also called MVC or simply "The Valley") is the second-oldest collegiate athletic conference in the United States.

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Missouri Valley Football Conference

The Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC), formerly the Gateway Football Conference, is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern United States.

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Mitt Romney

Willard Mitt Romney (born March 12, 1947) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 70th Governor of Massachusetts from 2003 to 2007 and was the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 election.

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Modern Language Association

The Modern Language Association of America, often referred to as the Modern Language Association (MLA), is the principal professional association in the United States for scholars of language and literature.

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Moline, Illinois

Moline is a city located in Rock Island County, Illinois, United States.

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Monarch butterfly

The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.

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Monks Mound

Monks Mound is the largest Pre-Columbian earthwork in the Americas and the largest pyramid north of Mesoamerica.

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Mormon pioneers

The Mormon pioneers were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), also known as Latter-day Saints, who migrated across the United States from the Midwest to the Salt Lake Valley in what is today the U.S. state of Utah.

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Mormon Trail

The Mormon Trail is the 1,300-mile (2,092 km) route that members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints traveled from 1846 to 1868.

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Morris Operation

The Morris Operation in Grundy County, Illinois, United States, is the location of the only de facto high-level radioactive waste storage site in the United States and holds 772 tons of spent nuclear fuel.

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Morris, Illinois

The city of Morris is the county seat of Grundy County, Illinois, United States and part of southwest Chicagoland.

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Morton Grove, Illinois

Morton Grove is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Motorsport

Motorsport or motor sport is a global term used to encompass the group of competitive sporting events which primarily involve the use of motorised vehicles, whether for racing or non-racing competition.

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Muddy Waters

McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1913April 30, 1983), known professionally as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician who is often cited as the "father of modern Chicago blues".

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Multiracial Americans

Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races".

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Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)

The Museum of Science and Industry (MSI) is located in Chicago, Illinois, in Jackson Park, in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago.

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Music of Chicago

Chicago, Illinois is a major center for music in the midwestern United States where distinctive forms of blues (greatly responsible for the future creation of rock and roll), and house music, a genre of electronic dance music, were developed.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nameplate capacity

Nameplate capacity, also known as the rated capacity, nominal capacity, installed capacity, or maximum effect, is the intended full-load sustained output of a facility such as a power plant, Energy Information Administration.

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Naperville, Illinois

Naperville is a city in DuPage and Will counties in the U.S. state of Illinois, and a suburb of Chicago.

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NASCAR

National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing (NASCAR) is an American auto racing sanctioning and operating company that is best known for stock-car racing.

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Nat King Cole

Nathaniel Adams Coles (March 17, 1919 – February 15, 1965), known professionally as Nat King Cole, was an American jazz pianist and vocalist.

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Nathaniel Pope

Nathaniel W. Pope (January 5, 1784 – January 23, 1850) was a politician and jurist from the U.S. state of Illinois.

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National Basketball Association

The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a men's professional basketball league in North America; composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).

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National Basketball League (United States)

The National Basketball League (NBL) was a professional men's basketball league in the United States established in 1937.

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National Hockey League

The National Hockey League (NHL; Ligue nationale de hockey—LNH) is a professional ice hockey league in North America, currently comprising 31 teams: 24 in the United States and 7 in Canada.

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National Hot Rod Association

The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) is a drag racing governing body, which sets rules in drag racing and hosts events all over the United States and Canada.

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National League

The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs, known simply as the National League (NL), is the older of two leagues constituting Major League Baseball (MLB) in the United States and Canada, and the world's oldest current professional team sports league.

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National Park Service

The National Park Service (NPS) is an agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties with various title designations.

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National Pro Fastpitch

National Pro Fastpitch (NPF), formerly the Women's Pro Softball League (WPSL), is the only professional women's softball league in the United States.

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National Professional Soccer League (1984–2001)

The National Professional Soccer League was a professional indoor soccer league in the USA and Canada.

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National Women's Basketball League

The National Women's Basketball League, often abbreviated to the NWBL, was an organization governing professional basketball leagues for women in the United States.

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National Women's Soccer League

The National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) is a professional women's soccer league, run by the United States Soccer Federation.

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Native Americans in the United States

Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.

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Native Hawaiians

Native Hawaiians (Hawaiian: kānaka ʻōiwi, kānaka maoli, and Hawaiʻi maoli) are the aboriginal Polynesian people of the Hawaiian Islands or their descendants.

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Natural resource

Natural resources are resources that exist without actions of humankind.

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Nauvoo, Illinois

Nauvoo (etymology) is a small city in Hancock County, Illinois, United States, on the Mississippi River near Fort Madison, Iowa.

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NBA G League

The NBA G League is the National Basketball Association's official minor league basketball organization.

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NCAA Division I

NCAA Division I (D-I) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in the United States.

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NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision

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Negro league baseball

The Negro leagues were United States professional baseball leagues comprising teams predominantly made up of African Americans and, to a lesser extent, Latin Americans.

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Net income

In business, net income (total comprehensive income, net earnings, net profit, informally, bottom line) is an entity's income minus cost of goods sold, expenses and taxes for an accounting period.

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New France

New France (Nouvelle-France) was the area colonized by France in North America during a period beginning with the exploration of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence by Jacques Cartier in 1534 and ending with the cession of New France to Great Britain and Spain in 1763.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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Non-Hispanic whites

Non-Hispanic whites or whites not of Hispanic or Latino origin (commonly referred to as Anglo-Americans)Mish, Frederic C., Editor in Chief Webster's Tenth New Collegiate Dictionary Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.A.:1994--Merriam-Webster See original definition (definition #1) of Anglo in English: It is defined as a synonym for Anglo-American--Page 86 are European Americans who are not of Hispanic or Latino origin/ethnicity, as defined by the United States Census Bureau.

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Normal CornBelters

The Normal CornBelters are a professional baseball team based in Normal, Illinois, which is part of the Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area.

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North American League (baseball)

The North American League (officially known as the North American Baseball League) was an independent baseball league that began play in the 2011 season.

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North American Soccer League

The North American Soccer League (NASL) is a professional men's soccer league with four teams in the United States, including one in Puerto Rico.

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North American Vertical Datum of 1988

The North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) is the vertical control datum of orthometric height established for vertical control surveying in the United States of America based upon the General Adjustment of the North American Datum of 1988.

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Northern cardinal

The northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) is a North American bird in the genus Cardinalis; it is also known colloquially as the redbird, common cardinal or just cardinal (which was its name prior to 1985).

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Northern Illinois

Northern Illinois is a region generally covering the northern third of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Northern Illinois Huskies

The Northern Illinois Huskies are the athletic teams that represent Northern Illinois University (NIU).

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Northern Illinois University

Northern Illinois University (NIU) is a public research university in DeKalb, Illinois, United States, with satellite centers in Chicago, Hoffman Estates, Naperville, Rockford, and Oregon.

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Northwest Ordinance

The Northwest Ordinance (formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as The Ordinance of 1787) enacted July 13, 1787, was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States.

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Northwest Territory

The Northwest Territory in the United States was formed after the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and was known formally as the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio.

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Northwestern University

Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university based in Evanston, Illinois, United States, with other campuses located in Chicago and Doha, Qatar, and academic programs and facilities in Miami, Florida, Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, California.

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Northwestern Wildcats

The Northwestern Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent Northwestern University, a founding member of the Big Ten Conference and the only private university in the conference.

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Norwegian Americans

Norwegian Americans (norskamerikanere) are Americans with ancestral roots from Norway.

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Nuclear chain reaction

A nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series of these reactions.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.

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Nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant or nuclear power station is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor.

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.

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O'Hare International Airport

O'Hare International Airport, usually referred to as O'Hare Airport, Chicago O'Hare, or simply O'Hare, is an international airport located on the far Northwest Side of Chicago, Illinois, northwest of the Loop business district, operated by the Chicago Department of Aviation and covering.

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Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy

The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) is an office within the United States Department of Energy.

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Official language

An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in a particular country, state, or other jurisdiction.

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Ohio

Ohio is a Midwestern state in the Great Lakes region of the United States.

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Ohio River

The Ohio River, which streams westward from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cairo, Illinois, is the largest tributary, by volume, of the Mississippi River in the United States.

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Ohio Valley Conference

The Ohio Valley Conference (OVC) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States.

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Ojibwe language

Ojibwe, also known as Ojibwa, Ojibway, Chippewa, or Otchipwe,R.

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Old State Capitol State Historic Site

The Old State Capitol State Historic Site, in Springfield, Illinois, is the fifth capitol building built for the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Olympia Fields Country Club

Olympia Fields Country Club is a private golf club in the central United States, located in Olympia Fields, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago, about south of The Loop.

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Orange Bowl

The Orange Bowl, officially the Capital One Orange Bowl for sponsorship purposes, is an annual American college football bowl game played at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida.

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Orchestra

An orchestra is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which mixes instruments from different families, including bowed string instruments such as violin, viola, cello and double bass, as well as brass, woodwinds, and percussion instruments, each grouped in sections.

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Original Six

The Original Six is the group of six teams that made up the National Hockey League (NHL) for the 25 seasons between the 1942–43 season and the 1967 NHL expansion.

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Orville Hodge

Orville Enoch Hodge (October 1, 1904 – December 29, 1986) was the Auditor of Public Accounts (predecessor to the Office of Comptroller) of the state of Illinois from 1952 to 1956.

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Ottawa dialect

Ottawa (or Odawa) is a dialect of the Ojibwe language, spoken by the Ottawa people in southern Ontario in Canada, and northern Michigan in the United States.

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Otto Kerner Jr.

Otto Kerner Jr. (August 15, 1908 – May 9, 1976) was the 33rd Governor of Illinois from 1961 to 1968.

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Outline of Illinois

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the U.S. state of Illinois: Illinois – fifth most populous of the 50 states of the United States of America.

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Pacific Islander

Pacific Islanders or Pasifikas are the peoples of the Pacific Islands.

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Painted turtle

The painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) is the most widespread native turtle of North America.

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Particle accelerator

A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to nearly light speed and to contain them in well-defined beams.

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Pat Quinn (politician)

Patrick Joseph Quinn Jr. (born December 16, 1948) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 41st Governor of Illinois, from 2009 to 2015.

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Paul Powell (politician)

Paul Taylor Powell (January 21, 1902 – October 10, 1970) served as Illinois Secretary of State from 1965 until his death in 1970.

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Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania German: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

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Pennsylvanian (geology)

The Pennsylvanian (also known as Upper Carboniferous or Late Carboniferous) is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the younger of two subperiods (or upper of two subsystems) of the Carboniferous Period.

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Peoria Chiefs

The Peoria Chiefs are a Minor League Baseball team of the Midwest League and the Class A affiliate of the St. Louis Cardinals.

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Peoria Rivermen (SPHL)

The Peoria Rivermen are a professional ice hockey team in the Southern Professional Hockey League.

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Peoria, Illinois

Peoria is the county seat of Peoria County, Illinois, and the largest city on the Illinois River.

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Personal income in the United States

Personal income is an individual's total earnings from wages, investment interest, and other sources.

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PGA Championship

The PGA Championship (often referred to as the U.S. PGA Championship or U.S. PGA outside the United States) is an annual golf tournament conducted by the Professional Golfers' Association of America.

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PGA Tour

The PGA Tour (stylized in all capital letters as PGA TOUR by its officials) is the organizer of the main professional golf tours played primarily by men in the United States and North America.

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PGA Tour Champions

PGA Tour Champions (formerly the Senior PGA Tour and the Champions Tour) is a men's professional senior golf tour, administered as a branch of the PGA Tour.

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Phoenix, Arizona

Phoenix is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Arizona.

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Piankeshaw

The Piankeshaw (or Piankashaw) Indians were Native Americans and members of the Miami Indians who lived apart from the rest of the Miami nation.

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Pig

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae.

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Pilgrim Baptist Church

Pilgrim Baptist Church is a historic church located on the south side of Chicago, Illinois, USA.

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Platform mound

A platform mound is any earthwork or mound intended to support a structure or activity.

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Plaza

A plaza, pedestrian plaza, or Place is an open urban public space, such as a city square.

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Plough

A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.

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Polish Americans

Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski or simply polski) is a West Slavic language spoken primarily in Poland and is the native language of the Poles.

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Polish Museum of America

The Polish Museum of America is located in West Town, in what had been the historical Polish Downtown neighborhood of Chicago.

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Popcorn

Popcorn, popcorns, or pop-corn, is a variety of corn kernel, which expands and puffs up when heated.

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Port of Chicago

The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago, Illinois operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District).

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Potawatomi

ThePottawatomi, also spelled Pottawatomie and Potawatomi (among many variations), are a Native American people of the Great Plains, upper Mississippi River, and western Great Lakes region. They traditionally speak the Potawatomi language, a member of the Algonquian family. The Potawatomi called themselves Neshnabé, a cognate of the word Anishinaabe. The Potawatomi were part of a long-term alliance, called the Council of Three Fires, with the Ojibwe and Odawa (Ottawa). In the Council of Three Fires, the Potawatomi were considered the "youngest brother" and were referred to in this context as Bodéwadmi, a name that means "keepers of the fire" and refers to the council fire of three peoples. In the 19th century, they were pushed to the west by European/American encroachment in the late 18th century and removed from their lands in the Great Lakes region to reservations in Oklahoma. Under Indian Removal, they eventually ceded many of their lands, and most of the Potawatomi relocated to Nebraska, Kansas, and Indian Territory, now in Oklahoma. Some bands survived in the Great Lakes region and today are federally recognized as tribes. In Canada, there are over 20 First Nation bands.

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Powder River Basin

The Powder River Basin is a geologic structural basin in southeast Montana and northeast Wyoming, about east to west and north to south, known for its coal deposits.

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Power Five conferences

In college football, the Power Five conferences (or power conferences) are athletic conferences in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of NCAA Division I, the highest level of collegiate football in the United States.

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Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

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Prairie

Prairies are ecosystems considered part of the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome by ecologists, based on similar temperate climates, moderate rainfall, and a composition of grasses, herbs, and shrubs, rather than trees, as the dominant vegetation type.

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Pre-Columbian era

The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Presidential library

In the United States, the presidential library system is a nationwide network of 15 libraries administered by the Office of Presidential Libraries, which is part of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA).

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Property tax

A property tax or millage rate is an ad valorem tax on the value of a property, usually levied on real estate.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Province of Quebec (1763–1791)

The Province of Quebec was a colony in North America created by Great Britain after the Seven Years' War.

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Puerto Ricans in the United States

A Stateside Puerto Rican, also ambiguously Puerto Rican American (puertorriqueño-americano, puertorriqueño-estadounidense) is a term for residents in the United States who were born in or trace family ancestry to Puerto Rico.

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Pullman National Monument

Pullman National Monument, also known as The Pullman District and Pullman Historic District, is located in Chicago and was the first model, planned industrial community in the United States.

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Pullman Strike

The Pullman Strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the United States that lasted from May 11 to July 20, 1894, and a turning point for US labor law.

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Punk rock

Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.

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Quad Cities

The Quad Cities is a region of five cities in northwest Illinois and southeastern Iowa,Davenport and Bettendorf in Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline in Illinois.

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Quad Cities Nuclear Generating Station

Quad Cities Generating Station is a two-unit nuclear power plant located near Cordova, Illinois, USA on the Mississippi River.

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Quercus alba

Quercus alba, the white oak, is one of the preeminent hardwoods of eastern and central North America.

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Quincy, Illinois

Quincy, known as Illinois's "Gem City," is a city in and the county seat of Adams County, Illinois, United States, located on the Mississippi River.

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Race and ethnicity in the United States Census

Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, defined by the federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are of Hispanic or Latino origin (the only categories for ethnicity).

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Rahm Emanuel

Rahm Israel Emanuel (born November 29, 1959) is an American politician, who is the 44th and current mayor of Chicago.

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Rail Splitter Wind Farm

The Rail Splitter Wind Farm is a 67-turbine wind farm in northern Logan County and southern Tazewell County in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Railway post office

In the United States, a railway post office, commonly abbreviated as RPO, was a railroad car that was normally operated in passenger service as a means to sort mail en route, in order to speed delivery.

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Ray Kroc

Raymond Albert "Ray" Kroc (October 5, 1902 – January 14, 1984) was an American businessman.

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Real property

In English common law, real property, real estate, realty, or immovable property is land which is the property of some person and all structures (also called improvements or fixtures) integrated with or affixed to the land, including crops, buildings, machinery, wells, dams, ponds, mines, canals, and roads, among other things.

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Red states and blue states

Since the 2000 United States presidential election, red states and blue states have referred to states of the United States whose voters predominantly choose either the Republican Party (red) or Democratic Party (blue) presidential candidates.

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René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle

René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de La Salle (November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687) was a French explorer.

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Renewable resource

A renewable resource is a natural resource which replenishes to overcome resource depletion caused by usage and consumption, either through biological reproduction or other naturally recurring processes in a finite amount of time in a human time scale.

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Republican Party (United States)

The Republican Party, also referred to as the GOP (abbreviation for Grand Old Party), is one of the two major political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party.

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Richard J. Daley

Richard Joseph Daley (May 15, 1902 – December 20, 1976) was an American politician who served as the 38th Mayor of Chicago for a total of 21 years beginning on April 20, 1955, until his death on December 20, 1976.

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Richard M. Daley

Richard Michael Daley (born April 24, 1942) is an American politician, lawyer, and author who served as the 43rd Mayor of Chicago, Illinois from 1989 to 2011.

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Road racing

In North America, road racing is motor racing held on a paved closed circuit with both left and right turns.

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Robert Finley

Robert Finley (1772 – October 3, 1817) was briefly the president of the University of Georgia.

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Rochelle, Illinois

Rochelle is a city in Ogle County, Illinois, United States.

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Rock and roll

Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll or rock 'n' roll) is a genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950sJim Dawson and Steve Propes, What Was the First Rock'n'Roll Record (1992),.

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Rockford Aviators

The Rockford Aviators were a professional baseball team based in Rockford, Illinois, and played in the Frontier League.

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Rockford IceHogs

The Rockford IceHogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Rockford, Illinois.

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Rockford, Illinois

Rockford is the third largest city in the U.S. state of Illinois, the 171st most populous city in the United States, the largest city in Illinois outside the Chicago metropolitan area, and the city of the 148th most populous metropolitan area in the United States.

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Rod Blagojevich

Rod Blagojevich (born December 10, 1956) is an American former television personality and politician who served as the 40th Governor of Illinois from 2003 until his impeachment, conviction, and removal from office in 2009.

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Roland Burris

Roland Wallace Burris (born August 3, 1937) is an American politician and attorney who is a former United States Senator from the state of Illinois and a member of the Democratic Party.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Rose Bowl Game

The Rose Bowl Game, officially the Rose Bowl Game presented by Northwestern Mutual for sponsorship purposes, and more frequently known as simply the Rose Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game, usually played on January 1 (New Year's Day) at the Rose Bowl stadium in Pasadena, California.

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Rosemont, Illinois

Rosemont is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Route 66 Raceway

Route 66 Raceway is a drag race facility located in Joliet, Illinois.

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Royal, Illinois

Royal is a village in Champaign County, Illinois, United States.

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Rust Belt

The Rust Belt is a region of the United States, made up mostly of places in the Midwest and Great Lakes, though the term may be used to include any location where industry declined starting around 1980.

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Saint Lawrence Seaway

The Saint Lawrence Seaway (la Voie Maritime du Saint-Laurent) is a system of locks, canals, and channels in Canada and the United States that permits oceangoing vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes of North America, as far inland as the western end of Lake Superior.

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Sales tax

A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services.

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Sangamon County, Illinois

Sangamon County is a county located in the center of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Satellite town

A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to, but are mostly independent of larger metropolitan areas.

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Sauget, Illinois

Sauget is a village in St. Clair County, Illinois, United States.

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Sauk people

The Sac or Sauk are a group of Native Americans of the Eastern Woodlands culture group, who lived primarily in the region of what is now Green Bay, Wisconsin, when first encountered by the French in 1667.

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Schaumburg Boomers

The Schaumburg Boomers are a professional baseball team, based in Schaumburg, Illinois, that began play in the independent Frontier League on May 18, 2012 with their first home game coming a week later on May 25.

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School district

A school district is a special-purpose district that operates local public primary and secondary schools in various nations.

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Seven Years' War

The Seven Years' War was a global conflict fought between 1756 and 1763.

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Shawnee

The Shawnee (Shaawanwaki, Ša˙wano˙ki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki) are an Algonquian-speaking ethnic group indigenous to North America. In colonial times they were a semi-migratory Native American nation, primarily inhabiting areas of the Ohio Valley, extending from what became Ohio and Kentucky eastward to West Virginia, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Western Maryland; south to Alabama and South Carolina; and westward to Indiana, and Illinois. Pushed west by European-American pressure, the Shawnee migrated to Missouri and Kansas, with some removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) west of the Mississippi River in the 1830s. Other Shawnee did not remove to Oklahoma until after the Civil War. Made up of different historical and kinship groups, today there are three federally recognized Shawnee tribes, all headquartered in Oklahoma: the Absentee-Shawnee Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, and Shawnee Tribe.

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Shawnee Hills

The Shawnee Hills is a region of southern Illinois that rests mainly in an east-west arc roughly following the outline of the southern end of the Illinois Basin.

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Shawnee National Forest

The Shawnee National Forest is a United States National Forest located in the Ozark and Shawnee Hills of Southern Illinois, United States.

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Shedd Aquarium

Shedd Aquarium (formally the John G. Shedd Aquarium) is an indoor public aquarium in Chicago, Illinois in the United States that opened on May 30, 1930.

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Short track motor racing

In North American auto racing, particularly with regard to NASCAR, a short track is a racetrack of less than one mile (1.6 km) in length.

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SIU Edwardsville Cougars

The SIU Edwardsville Cougars are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville (SIUE), located in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States.

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Skokie, Illinois

Skokie (formerly Niles Center) is a village in Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Slave states and free states

In the history of the United States, a slave state was a U.S. state in which the practice of slavery was legal, and a free state was one in which slavery was prohibited or being legally phased out.

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Sodomy laws in the United States

Sodomy laws in the United States, which outlawed a variety of sexual acts, were inherited from British criminal laws with roots in the Christian religion of Late antiquity.

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Sonny Boy Williamson II

Alex or Aleck Miller (né Ford, possibly December 5, 1912 – May 24, 1965), known later in his career as Sonny Boy Williamson, was an American blues harmonica player, singer and songwriter.

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Soul music

Soul music (often referred to simply as soul) is a popular music genre that originated in the African American community in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

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South Beloit, Illinois

South Beloit is a city located in Winnebago County, Illinois, United States.

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Southern American English

Southern American English or Southern U.S. English is a large collection of related American English dialects spoken throughout the Southern United States, though increasingly in more rural areas and primarily by white Americans.

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Southern Baptist Convention

The Southern Baptist Convention (SBC) is a Christian denomination based in the United States.

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Southern Illinois

Southern Illinois (also known as "Little Egypt" or "Egypt") is the southern third of the state of Illinois.

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Southern Illinois Miners

The Southern Illinois Miners are a professional baseball team based in Marion, Illinois.

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Southern Illinois Salukis

The Southern Illinois Salukis are the varsity athletic teams representing Southern Illinois University Carbondale.

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Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Southern Illinois University (known colloquially as SIU or SIU Carbondale) is a public research university located in Carbondale, Illinois, United States.

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Southern Illinois University Edwardsville

Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, (commonly abbreviated SIUE or The "e"), is a coeducational, public Master's college and university in Edwardsville, Illinois, United States about northeast of St. Louis, Missouri.

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Southern Professional Hockey League

The Southern Professional Hockey League (SPHL) is a professional ice hockey league based in Huntersville, North Carolina, with teams located primarily in the southeastern United States as well as Illinois and Indiana in the midwestern United States.

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Southwest Airlines

Southwest Airlines Co. is a major United States airline headquartered in Dallas, Texas, and the world’s largest low-cost carrier.

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Soybean

The soybean (Glycine max), or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean, which has numerous uses.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Sports Car Club of America

The Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) is an American automobile club and sanctioning body supporting road racing, rallying, and autocross in the United States.

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Springfield, Illinois

Springfield is the capital of the U.S. state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County.

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Square dance

A square dance is a dance for four couples (eight dancers in total) arranged in a square, with one couple on each side, facing the middle of the square.

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St. Louis

St.

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Stanley Cup

The Stanley Cup (La Coupe Stanley) is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL) playoff winner.

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Starved Rock State Park

Starved Rock State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Illinois, characterized by the many canyons within its.

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State school

State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales)In England and Wales, some independent schools for 13- to 18-year-olds are known as 'public schools'.

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Ste. Genevieve, Missouri

Ste.

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Stevenson family

The Stevenson family is an American family from Illinois that has included notable politicians in the Democratic Party.

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Succession crisis (Latter Day Saints)

The succession crisis in the Latter Day Saint movement occurred after the death of Joseph Smith, the movement's founder, on June 27, 1844.

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Sulfur

Sulfur or sulphur is a chemical element with symbol S and atomic number 16.

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide in British English) is the chemical compound with the formula.

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Summit League

The Summit League, or The Summit, is an NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletic conference with its membership mostly located in the Midwestern United States from Indiana and Illinois on the East of the Mississippi River to the Dakotas and Nebraska on the West, with additional members in the Western state of Colorado and the Southern state of Oklahoma.

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Super Bowl XX

Super Bowl XX was an American football game between the National Football Conference (NFC) champion Chicago Bears and the American Football Conference (AFC) champion New England Patriots to decide the National Football League (NFL) champion for the 1985 season.

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Supreme Court of Illinois

The Supreme Court of Illinois is the state supreme court, the highest court of the state of Illinois.

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Swedish Americans

Swedish Americans (Svenskamerikaner) are an American ethnic group of people who have ancestral roots from Sweden.

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Swing state

In American politics, the term swing state refers to any state that could reasonably be won by either the Democratic or Republican presidential candidate.

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Tammy Duckworth

Ladda Tammy Duckworth (born March 12, 1968) is an American politician and retired U.S. Army lieutenant colonel, serving as the junior United States Senator for Illinois since 2017.

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Tampico, Illinois

Tampico is a village located in Tampico Township, Whiteside County, Illinois, United States.

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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), often informally known as the Mormon Church, is a nontrinitarian, Christian restorationist church that is considered by its members to be the restoration of the original church founded by Jesus Christ.

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The Plain Dealer

The Plain Dealer is the major daily newspaper of Cleveland, Ohio, United States.

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Thomas A. Dorsey

Thomas Andrew Dorsey (July 1, 1899 – January 23, 1993) was known as "the father of black gospel music" and was at one time so closely associated with the field that songs written in the new style were sometimes known as "dorseys".

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Thunderstorm

A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, lightning storm, or thundershower, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder.

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Tiger salamander

The tiger salamander or eastern tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) is a North American species of mole salamander.

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Tonne

The tonne (Non-SI unit, symbol: t), commonly referred to as the metric ton in the United States, is a non-SI metric unit of mass equal to 1,000 kilograms;.

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Tornado Alley

Tornado Alley is a colloquial term for the area of the United States (or by some definitions extending into Canada) where tornadoes are most frequent.

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Trail of Tears

The Trail of Tears was a series of forced relocations of Native American peoples from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States, to areas to the west (usually west of the Mississippi River) that had been designated as Indian Territory.

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Transliteration

Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans- + liter-) in predictable ways (such as α → a, д → d, χ → ch, ն → n or æ → e).

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Transport hub

A transport hub (also transport interchange) is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or between transport modes.

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Tri-State Tornado

The Tri-State Tornado of Wednesday, March 18, 1925 was the deadliest tornado in United States history. It was also the most exceptional tornado during a major outbreak of at least 12 known significant tornadoes, spanning a large portion of the Midwestern and Southern United States. This one tornado alone inflicted 695 fatalities, more than twice as many as the second deadliest, the Great Natchez, Mississippi Tornado of May 7, 1840. The track left by the tornado was the longest ever recorded in the world as it crossed from southeastern Missouri, through southern Illinois, then into southwestern Indiana. Although not officially rated by NOAA, it is recognized by most experts (such as Tom Grazulis and Ted Fujita) as an F5 tornado, the maximum damage rating issued on the Fujita scale.

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Tullimonstrum

Tullimonstrum, colloquially known as the Tully Monster, is an extinct genus of soft-bodied bilaterian that lived in shallow tropical coastal waters of muddy estuaries during the Pennsylvanian geological period, about 300 million years ago.

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Tumulus

A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves.

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Twin Groves Wind Farm

Twin Groves Wind Farm is a wind farm in the U.S. state of Illinois, near the villages of Arrowsmith, Saybrook, and Ellsworth in McLean County.

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U.S. News & World Report

U.S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis.

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U.S. Open (golf)

The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the U.S. Open, is the annual open national championship of golf in the United States.

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U.S. Open Cup

The Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup, commonly known as the U.S. Open Cup (USOC), is a knock-out cup competition in American soccer.

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U.S. Route 12 in Illinois

U.S. Route 12 (US 12) in the U.S. state of Illinois is an arterial highway that runs northwest to southeast through the Chicago metropolitan area.

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U.S. Route 14 in Illinois

In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 14 is a major arterial that runs southeast from the Wisconsin state line north of Harvard, Illinois to the north side of Chicago at U.S. Route 41.

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U.S. Route 20 in Illinois

U.S. Route 20 (US 20) in the U.S. state of Illinois is a major arterial highway that runs from the Iowa state line at East Dubuque at the northwestern tip of Illinois, to the Indiana state line at Chicago south of the Chicago Skyway, a distance of.

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U.S. Route 24 in Illinois

U.S. Route 24 (US 24) in the U.S. state of Illinois is a major arterial road that runs from the Missouri state line at the Mississippi River in Quincy to Sheldon.

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U.S. Route 30 in Illinois

U.S. Route 30 (US 30) is an east–west arterial surface road in northern Illinois.

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U.S. Route 34 in Illinois

U.S. Route 34 (US 34) is an east–west highway In the state of Illinois that runs from the Iowa state line at Gulfport, west of Galesburg, to Illinois Route 43 (IL 43) and Historic U.S. Route 66 at Harlem Avenue in Berwyn.

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U.S. Route 36 in Illinois

In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 36 is an east–west highway that runs across the central portion of the state.

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U.S. Route 40

U.S. Route 40 (US 40), also known as the Main Street of America, is an east–west United States Highway.

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U.S. Route 41 in Illinois

U.S. Route 41 (US 41) in the U.S. state of Illinois runs north from the Indiana border beneath the Chicago Skyway on Indianapolis Boulevard to the Wisconsin border north of the northern terminus of the Tri-State Tollway with Interstate 94.

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U.S. Route 45 in Illinois

In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 45 is a major north–south highway that runs from the Brookport Bridge over the Ohio River at Brookport north through rural sections of eastern Illinois and then through the suburbs of Chicago to the Wisconsin border east of Antioch.

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U.S. Route 50 in Illinois

In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 50 is an east–west highway across the southern portion of the state.

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U.S. Route 51 in Illinois

U.S. Route 51 (US 51) in the U.S. state of Illinois, is a main north–south artery that runs from the Ohio River north to the Wisconsin border, a distance of.

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U.S. Route 52 in Illinois

U.S. Route 52 (US 52) in the state of Illinois, is a surface road that traverses the north central and eastern portions of the state.

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U.S. Route 54

U.S. Route 54 (US 54) is an east–west United States highway that runs northeast-southwest for 1,197 miles (2,115 km) from Griggsville, Illinois to El Paso, Texas.

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U.S. Route 6 in Illinois

In the state of Illinois, U.S. Route 6 (US 6) is an east–west arterial surface road that runs from the city of Moline in the Quad Cities area to Lansing at the Indiana state line.

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U.S. Route 60 in Illinois

U.S. Route 60 and U.S. Route 62 (US 60/US 62) run for a very short distance within the state of Illinois.

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U.S. Route 67 in Illinois

In the U.S. state of Illinois, U.S. Route 67 is a north–south highway through the western portions of the state.

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U.S. state

A state is a constituent political entity of the United States.

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UIC Flames

The UIC Flames are the intercollegiate athletic teams of the University of Illinois at Chicago.

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Ultimate Soccer League

Ultimate Soccer League is a semi-professional indoor soccer league that was formed in 2008, and currently involving six teams from Illinois and one team from Indiana.

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Ulysses S. Grant

Ulysses Simpson Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American soldier and statesman who served as Commanding General of the Army and the 18th President of the United States, the highest positions in the military and the government of the United States.

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Ulysses S. Grant Home

The Ulysses S. Grant Home in Galena, Illinois is the former home of Ulysses S. Grant, the Civil War general and later 18th President of the United States.

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Union (American Civil War)

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the Union, also known as the North, referred to the United States of America and specifically to the national government of President Abraham Lincoln and the 20 free states, as well as 4 border and slave states (some with split governments and troops sent both north and south) that supported it.

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Union Army

During the American Civil War, the Union Army referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states.

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Union Stock Yards

The Union Stock Yard & Transit Co., or The Yards, was the meatpacking district in Chicago for more than a century, starting in 1865.

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Union, Illinois

Union is a village in McHenry County, Illinois, United States.

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United Airlines

United Airlines, Inc., commonly referred to as United, is a major United States airline headquartered in Chicago, Illinois.

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United Methodist Church

The United Methodist Church (UMC) is a mainline Protestant denomination and a major part of Methodism.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Census Bureau

The United States Census Bureau (USCB; officially the Bureau of the Census, as defined in Title) is a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, responsible for producing data about the American people and economy.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.

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United States Football League

The United States Football League (USFL) was an American football league that played for three seasons, 1983 through 1985.

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United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey (USGS, formerly simply Geological Survey) is a scientific agency of the United States government.

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United States House of Representatives

The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress, the Senate being the upper chamber.

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United States nationality law

The United States nationality law is a uniform rule of naturalization of the United States set out in the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, enacted under the power of Article I, section 8, clause 4 of the United States Constitution (also referred to as the Nationality Clause), which reads: Congress shall have Power - "To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization..." The 1952 Act sets forth the legal requirements for the acquisition of, and divestiture from, American nationality.

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United States presidential election, 1916

The United States presidential election of 1916 was the 33rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 7, 1916.

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United States presidential election, 1920

The United States presidential election of 1920 was the 34th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1920.

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United States presidential election, 1952

The United States presidential election of 1952 was the 42nd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 4, 1952.

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United States presidential election, 1956

The United States presidential election of 1956 was the 43rd quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 6, 1956.

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United States presidential election, 1960

The United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960.

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United States presidential election, 1964

The United States presidential election of 1964, the 45th quadrennial American presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 3, 1964.

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United States presidential election, 1968

The United States presidential election of 1968 was the 46th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 5, 1968.

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United States presidential election, 1972

The United States presidential election of 1972, the 47th quadrennial presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 7, 1972.

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United States presidential election, 1976

The United States presidential election of 1976 was the 48th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1976.

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United States presidential election, 1980

The United States presidential election of 1980 was the 49th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 1984

The United States presidential election of 1984 was the 50th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 1988

The United States presidential election of 1988 was the 51st quadrennial United States presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 1992

The United States presidential election of 1992 was the 52nd quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 1996

The United States presidential election of 1996 was the 53rd quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2000

The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2004

The United States presidential election of 2004, the 55th quadrennial presidential election, was held on Tuesday, November 2, 2004.

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United States presidential election, 2008

The United States presidential election of 2008 was the 56th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2012

The United States presidential election of 2012 was the 57th quadrennial American presidential election.

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United States presidential election, 2016

The United States presidential election of 2016 was the 58th quadrennial American presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 2016.

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United States Senate

The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, which along with the United States House of Representatives—the lower chamber—comprise the legislature of the United States.

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United States Women's Open Championship (golf)

The United States Women's Open Golf Championship, one of thirteen national championships conducted by the United States Golf Association (USGA), is the oldest of the LPGA Tour's five major championships, which includes the ANA Inspiration, Women's PGA Championship, Women's British Open, and The Evian Championship.

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University of Chicago

The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Chicago Booth School of Business

The University of Chicago Booth School of Business (also known as Chicago Booth, or Booth) is the graduate business school of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Illinois at Chicago

The University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) is a public research university located in Chicago, Illinois, United States.

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University of Illinois at Springfield

The University of Illinois Springfield (UIS) is a public university in Springfield, Illinois, United States.

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University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign

The University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign (also known as U of I, Illinois, or colloquially as the University of Illinois or UIUC) is a public research university in the U.S. state of Illinois and the flagship institution of the University of Illinois System.

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University of Illinois Press

The University of Illinois Press (UIP) is a major American university press and is part of the University of Illinois system.

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University of Michigan Press

The University of Michigan Press is part of Michigan Publishing at the University of Michigan Library.

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University of Nebraska Press

The University of Nebraska Press, also known as UNP, was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.

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Upper Mississippi River

The Upper Mississippi River is the portion of the Mississippi River upstream of Cairo, Illinois, United States.

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Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment.

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Urbana, Illinois

Urbana is a city in and the county seat of Champaign County, Illinois, United States.

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Utah

Utah is a state in the western United States.

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Utopia

A utopia is an imagined community or society that possesses highly desirable or nearly perfect qualities for its citizens.

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Valley of Mexico

The Valley of Mexico (Valle de México; Tepētzallāntli Mēxihco) is a highlands plateau in central Mexico roughly coterminous with present-day Mexico City and the eastern half of the State of Mexico.

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Vandalia State House State Historic Site

The Vandalia State House, built in 1836, is the fourth capitol building of the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Vandalia, Illinois

Vandalia is a city in Fayette County, Illinois, United States, northeast of St. Louis, on the Kaskaskia River.

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Vehicle registration plates of Illinois

The U.S. state of Illinois first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1907.

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Vermont

Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Viking Press

Viking Press is an American publishing company now owned by Penguin Random House.

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Vincennes, Indiana

Vincennes is a city in and the county seat of Knox County, Indiana, United States.

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Viola (plant)

Viola (and) is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae.

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Wabash River

The Wabash River (French: Ouabache) is a U.S. Geological Survey.

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Washington Wizards

The Washington Wizards are an American professional basketball team based in Washington, D.C. The Wizards compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Southeast Division.

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Washington, Illinois

Washington is a city in Tazewell County, Illinois, United States.

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Watt

The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.

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Wea

The Wea were a Miami-Illinois-speaking Native American tribe originally located in western Indiana, closely related to the Miami Tribe.

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Western Athletic Conference

The Western Athletic Conference (WAC) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27, 1962 and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States, with member institutions located in Arizona, California, New Mexico, Utah, and Washington, along with the "non-western" states of Missouri and Illinois (traditionally associated with the Midwest), as well as Texas (traditionally associated with the Southwest).

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Western Illinois Leathernecks

The Western Illinois Leathernecks are the teams and athletes that represent Western Illinois University, located in Macomb, Illinois, in NCAA Division I sports.

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Western Illinois University

Western Illinois University (WIU) is a public university located in Macomb, Illinois, United States.

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Western Open

The Western Open was a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, first played in September 1899 at the Glen View Club in Golf, Illinois the week preceding the U.S. Open.

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White Americans

White Americans are Americans who are descendants from any of the white racial groups of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, or in census statistics, those who self-report as white based on having majority-white ancestry.

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White Hispanic and Latino Americans

In the United States, a White Hispanic is an American citizen or resident who is racially white and of Hispanic descent.

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White House Chief of Staff

The White House Chief of Staff has traditionally been the highest-ranking non-elected employee of the White House.

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White Latin Americans

White Latin Americans or European Latin Americans are Latin Americans who are considered white, typically due to European, or in some cases Levantine, descent.

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White-tailed deer

The white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus), also known as the whitetail or Virginia deer, is a medium-sized deer native to the United States, Canada, Mexico, Central America, and South America as far south as Peru and Bolivia.

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Whiz Kids (Department of Defense)

Whiz Kids was a name given to a group of experts from RAND Corporation with which Robert McNamara surrounded himself in order to turn around the management of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) in the 1960s.

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Wikisource

Wikisource is an online digital library of free content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation.

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Will it play in Peoria?

Will it play in Peoria? is a figure of speech that is traditionally used to ask whether a given product, person, promotional theme, or event will appeal to mainstream America, or across a broad range of demographic and psychographic groups.

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William M. Daley

William Michael Daley (born August 9, 1948) is an American lawyer and former banker.

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Wilmette, Illinois

Wilmette is a village in New Trier Township, Cook County, Illinois, United States.

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Wind farm

A wind farm is a group of wind turbines in the same location used to produce electricity.

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of air flow through wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity.

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Wind profile power law

The wind profile power law is a relationship between the wind speeds at one height, and those at another.

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Windy City Bulls

The Windy City Bulls are an American professional basketball team of the NBA G League and an affiliate of the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association.

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Windy City ThunderBolts

The Windy City ThunderBolts are a professional baseball team based in the Chicago suburb of Crestwood, Illinois, in the United States.

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Wisconsin

Wisconsin is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions.

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WMAQ-TV

WMAQ-TV, virtual channel 5 (UHF digital channel 29), is an NBC owned-and-operated television station licensed to Chicago, Illinois, United States.

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WMBD-TV

WMBD-TV is a CBS-affiliated television station licensed to Peoria, Illinois, United States and serving the North-Central Illinois television market.

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Women's National Basketball Association

The Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) is a women's professional basketball league in the United States.

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Women's Professional Basketball League

The Women's Professional Basketball League (abbreviated WBL) was a professional women's basketball league in the United States.

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Women's Western Open

The Women's Western Open was an American professional golf tournament founded in 1930.

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World Football League

The World Football League (WFL) was a short-lived American football league that played in 1974 and part of 1975.

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World Hockey Association

The World Hockey Association (Association mondiale de hockey) was a professional ice hockey major league that operated in North America from 1972 to 1979.

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World Series

The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball (MLB) in North America, contested since 1903 between the American League (AL) champion team and the National League (NL) champion team.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World's fair

A world's fair, world fair, world expo, universal exposition, or international exposition (sometimes expo or Expo for short) is a large international exhibition designed to showcase achievements of nations.

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Wrigley Field

Wrigley Field is a baseball park located on the North Side of Chicago, Illinois.

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Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.

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WYZZ-TV

WYZZ-TV is a Fox-affiliated television station licensed to Bloomington, Illinois, United States and serving Peoria and the North-Central Illinois television market.

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XFL

The XFL was a professional American football league that played its only season in 2001.

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Zero emission

Zero emission refers to an engine, motor, process, or other energy source, that emits no waste products that pollute the environment or disrupt the climate.

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Zion Nuclear Power Station

Zion Nuclear Power Station was the third dual-reactor nuclear power plant in the Commonwealth Edison (ComEd) network and served Chicago and the northern quarter of Illinois.

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1896 St. Louis–East St. Louis tornado

The 1896 St.

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1908 World Series

The 1908 World Series matched the defending champion Chicago Cubs against the Detroit Tigers in a rematch of the 1907 Series.

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1917 World Series

In the 1917 World Series, the Chicago White Sox beat the New York Giants four games to two.

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1926–27 NHL season

The 1926–27 NHL season was the tenth season of the National Hockey League.

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1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak

The 1967 Oak Lawn tornado outbreak was a destructive tornado outbreak and severe weather event that occurred on April 21, 1967, across the Upper Midwestern United States, in particular the Chicago area including the towns of Belvidere and Oak Lawn, Illinois.

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1990 Plainfield tornado

The 1990 Plainfield tornado was a devastating tornado that occurred on the afternoon of Tuesday, August 28, 1990.

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2005 World Series

The 2005 World Series was the championship series of Major League Baseball's (MLB) 2005 season.

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2009 Solheim Cup

The 11th Solheim Cup Matches were held August 21–23, 2009 at Rich Harvest Farms in Sugar Grove, Illinois, west of Chicago.

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2010 United States Census

The 2010 United States Census (commonly referred to as the 2010 Census) is the twenty-third and most recent United States national census.

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2012 Ryder Cup

The 39th Ryder Cup was held September 28–30, 2012, in the United States at the Medinah Country Club in Medinah, Illinois, a suburb northwest of Chicago.

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2014–15 NHL season

The 2014–15 NHL season was the 98th season of operation (97th season of play) of the National Hockey League (NHL).

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Redirects here:

21st State, Art of Illinois, Culture of Illinois, Demographics of Illinois, Education in Illinois, Energy in Illinois, IIIinois, IL (state), Ilinois, Ill., Illinios, Illinoid, Illinois (U.S. state), Illinois (state), Illinois, USA, Illinois, United States, Illinoisan, Illinoy, Illionis, Land of Lincoln, Largest cities of Illinois, Prairie State, Religion in Illinois, Rockford Academy, Sports in Illinois, State of Illinois, The Land of Lincoln, The Prairie State, Transport in Illinois, Transportation in Illinois, Twenty-First State, Twenty-first State, US-IL.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois

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