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46 relations: Angle of incidence (optics), Aperture, Arthur Schuster, Birefringence, Cladding (fiber optics), Conservation of energy, Curve, Diffraction, Energy, Entrance pupil, Etendue, Exit pupil, Fermat's principle, Geometrical optics, Guided ray, Homogeneity (physics), Image, Lagrange invariant, Light, Light field, Line (geometry), Maxwell's equations, Multi-mode optical fiber, Normal (geometry), Optical axis, Optical fiber, Optical medium, Optics, Paraxial approximation, Pencil (optics), Perpendicular, Phase (waves), Physical optics, Ray tracing (physics), Ray transfer matrix analysis, Reflection (physics), Refractive index, Snell's law, Specular reflection, Step-index profile, Tangent, Total internal reflection, Wave interference, Wave vector, Wavefront, Wavelength.
Angle of incidence (optics)
In geometric optics, the angle of incidence is the angle between a ray incident on a surface and the line perpendicular to the surface at the point of incidence, called the normal.
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Aperture
In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.
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Arthur Schuster
Sir Franz Arthur Friedrich Schuster FRS FRSE (12 September 1851 – 17 October 1934) was a German-born British physicist known for his work in spectroscopy, electrochemistry, optics, X-radiography and the application of harmonic analysis to physics.
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Birefringence
Birefringence is the optical property of a material having a refractive index that depends on the polarization and propagation direction of light.
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Cladding (fiber optics)
Cladding in optical fibers is one or more layers of materials of lower refractive index, in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index.
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Conservation of energy
In physics, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.
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Curve
In mathematics, a curve (also called a curved line in older texts) is, generally speaking, an object similar to a line but that need not be straight.
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Diffraction
--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
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Energy
In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.
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Entrance pupil
In an optical system, the entrance pupil is the optical image of the physical aperture stop, as 'seen' through the front of the lens system.
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Etendue
Etendue or étendue is a property of light in an optical system, which characterizes how "spread out" the light is in area and angle.
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Exit pupil
In optics, the exit pupil is a virtual aperture in an optical system.
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Fermat's principle
In optics, Fermat's principle or the principle of least time, named after French mathematician Pierre de Fermat, is the principle that the path taken between two points by a ray of light is the path that can be traversed in the least time.
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Geometrical optics
Geometrical optics, or ray optics, describes light propagation in terms of rays.
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Guided ray
A guided ray (also bound ray or trapped ray) is a ray of light in a multi-mode optical fiber, which is confined by the core.
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Homogeneity (physics)
In physics, a homogeneous material or system has the same properties at every point; it is uniform without irregularities.
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Image
An image (from imago) is an artifact that depicts visual perception, for example, a photo or a two-dimensional picture, that has a similar appearance to some subject—usually a physical object or a person, thus providing a depiction of it.
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Lagrange invariant
In optics the Lagrange invariant is a measure of the light propagating through an optical system.
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Light
Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Light field
The light field is a vector function that describes the amount of light flowing in every direction through every point in space.
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Line (geometry)
The notion of line or straight line was introduced by ancient mathematicians to represent straight objects (i.e., having no curvature) with negligible width and depth.
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Maxwell's equations
Maxwell's equations are a set of partial differential equations that, together with the Lorentz force law, form the foundation of classical electromagnetism, classical optics, and electric circuits.
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Multi-mode optical fiber
Multi-mode optical fiber is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus.
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Normal (geometry)
In geometry, a normal is an object such as a line or vector that is perpendicular to a given object.
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Optical axis
An optical axis is a line along which there is some degree of rotational symmetry in an optical system such as a camera lens or microscope.
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Optical fiber
An optical fiber or optical fibre is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair.
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Optical medium
An optical medium is material through which electromagnetic waves propagate.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Paraxial approximation
In geometric optics, the paraxial approximation is a small-angle approximation used in Gaussian optics and ray tracing of light through an optical system (such as a lens).
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Pencil (optics)
In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow cone or cylinder.
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Perpendicular
In elementary geometry, the property of being perpendicular (perpendicularity) is the relationship between two lines which meet at a right angle (90 degrees).
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Phase (waves)
Phase is the position of a point in time (an instant) on a waveform cycle.
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Physical optics
In physics, physical optics, or wave optics, is the branch of optics that studies interference, diffraction, polarization, and other phenomena for which the ray approximation of geometric optics is not valid.
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Ray tracing (physics)
In physics, ray tracing is a method for calculating the path of waves or particles through a system with regions of varying propagation velocity, absorption characteristics, and reflecting surfaces.
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Ray transfer matrix analysis
Ray transfer matrix analysis (also known as ABCD matrix analysis) is a type of ray tracing technique used in the design of some optical systems, particularly lasers.
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Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
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Refractive index
In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.
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Snell's law
Snell's law (also known as Snell–Descartes law and the law of refraction) is a formula used to describe the relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction, when referring to light or other waves passing through a boundary between two different isotropic media, such as water, glass, or air.
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Specular reflection
Specular reflection, also known as regular reflection, is the mirror-like reflection of waves, such as light, from a surface.
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Step-index profile
For an optical fiber, a step-index profile is a refractive index profile characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface so that the cladding is of a lower refractive index.
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Tangent
In geometry, the tangent line (or simply tangent) to a plane curve at a given point is the straight line that "just touches" the curve at that point.
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Total internal reflection
Total internal reflection is the phenomenon which occurs when a propagated wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.
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Wave interference
In physics, interference is a phenomenon in which two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.
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Wave vector
In physics, a wave vector (also spelled wavevector) is a vector which helps describe a wave.
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Wavefront
In physics, a wavefront is the locus of points characterized by propagation of positions of identical phase: propagation of a point in 1D, a curve in 2D or a surface in 3D.
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Wavelength
In physics, the wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_(optics)
