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Neural coding

Index Neural coding

Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble. [1]

93 relations: Action potential, All-or-none law, Amplitude, Analog signal, Artificial neural network, Associative memory (psychology), Auditory system, Autoencoder, Basis (linear algebra), Binding problem, Brain, Cell (biology), Cerebral cortex, Channelrhodopsin, Chemical synapse, Cognitive map, Copula (probability theory), Deep learning, Depression (mood), Digital data, Drosophila, Edgar Adrian, Electric field, Electromagnetic spectrum, Electrophysiology, Feature integration theory, Fraction (mathematics), Frequency, GABAergic, Gero Miesenböck, Grandmother cell, Grid cell, Hippocampus, Kenyon cell, Light, Linear combination, Local field potential, Maximum entropy probability distribution, Maximum likelihood estimation, Models of neural computation, Moment (mathematics), Muscle, Mushroom bodies, Mutual information, Neural circuit, Neural coding, Neural correlate, Neural decoding, Neural ensemble, Neural network, ..., Neural oscillation, Neuron, Neuroscience, Nikos Logothetis, Noise, Normal distribution, Olfaction, Olfactory bulb, Olfactory bulb mitral cell, Olfactory system, Optogenetics, Organism, Parkinson's disease, Peristimulus time histogram, Photoreceptor cell, Point process, Population vector, Postsynaptic potential, Probability, Probability distribution, Probability theory, Purkinje cell, Saccade, Schizophrenia, Scholarpedia, Somatosensory system, Sound, Sound localization, Sparse distributed memory, Sparse matrix, Spike directivity, Spike-timing-dependent plasticity, Statistical dispersion, Statistical fluctuations, Statistics, Stimulus (physiology), Taste, Temporal lobe, University of Oxford, Vector quantization, Visual cortex, Wavelet, Yngve Zotterman. Expand index (43 more) »

Action potential

In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.

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All-or-none law

The all-or-none law is the principle that the strength by which a nerve or muscle fibre responds to a stimulus is independent of the strength of the stimulus.

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Amplitude

The amplitude of a periodic variable is a measure of its change over a single period (such as time or spatial period).

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Analog signal

An analog signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity, i.e., analogous to another time varying signal.

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Artificial neural network

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) or connectionist systems are computing systems vaguely inspired by the biological neural networks that constitute animal brains.

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Associative memory (psychology)

In psychology, associative memory is defined as the ability to learn and remember the relationship between unrelated items.

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Auditory system

The auditory system is the sensory system for the sense of hearing.

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Autoencoder

An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient data codings in an unsupervised manner.

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Basis (linear algebra)

In mathematics, a set of elements (vectors) in a vector space V is called a basis, or a set of, if the vectors are linearly independent and every vector in the vector space is a linear combination of this set.

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Binding problem

The binding problem is a term used at the interface between neuroscience, cognitive science and philosophy of mind that has multiple meanings.

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Brain

The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex is the largest region of the cerebrum in the mammalian brain and plays a key role in memory, attention, perception, cognition, awareness, thought, language, and consciousness.

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Channelrhodopsin

Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels.

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Chemical synapse

Chemical synapses are biological junctions through which neurons' signals can be exchanged to each other and to non-neuronal cells such as those in muscles or glands.

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Cognitive map

A cognitive map (sometimes called a mental map or mental model) is a type of mental representation which serves an individual to acquire, code, store, recall, and decode information about the relative locations and attributes of phenomena in their everyday or metaphorical spatial environment.

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Copula (probability theory)

In probability theory and statistics, a copula is a multivariate probability distribution for which the marginal probability distribution of each variable is uniform.

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Deep learning

Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning or hierarchical learning) is part of a broader family of machine learning methods based on learning data representations, as opposed to task-specific algorithms.

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Depression (mood)

Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.

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Digital data

Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is the discrete, discontinuous representation of information or works.

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Drosophila

Drosophila is a genus of flies, belonging to the family Drosophilidae, whose members are often called "small fruit flies" or (less frequently) pomace flies, vinegar flies, or wine flies, a reference to the characteristic of many species to linger around overripe or rotting fruit.

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Edgar Adrian

Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian (30 November 1889 – 4 August 1977) was an English electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons.

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Electric field

An electric field is a vector field surrounding an electric charge that exerts force on other charges, attracting or repelling them.

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Electromagnetic spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies (the spectrum) of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

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Electrophysiology

Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτρον, ēlektron, "amber"; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the study of the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.

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Feature integration theory

Feature integration theory is a theory of attention developed in 1980 by Anne Treisman and Garry Gelade that suggests that when perceiving a stimulus, features are "registered early, automatically, and in parallel, while objects are identified separately" and at a later stage in processing.

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Fraction (mathematics)

A fraction (from Latin fractus, "broken") represents a part of a whole or, more generally, any number of equal parts.

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Frequency

Frequency is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.

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GABAergic

GABAergic means "pertaining to or affecting the neurotransmitter GABA".

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Gero Miesenböck

Gero Andreas Miesenböck (born 1965) FRS is Waynflete Professor of Physiology and Director of the Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour (CNCB) at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.

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Grandmother cell

The grandmother cell is a hypothetical neuron that represents a complex but specific concept or object.

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Grid cell

A grid cell is a type of neuron in the brains of many species that allows them to understand their position in space.

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Hippocampus

The hippocampus (named after its resemblance to the seahorse, from the Greek ἱππόκαμπος, "seahorse" from ἵππος hippos, "horse" and κάμπος kampos, "sea monster") is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates.

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Kenyon cell

Kenyon cells are the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body, a neuropil found in the brains of most arthropods and some annelids.

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Light

Light is electromagnetic radiation within a certain portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

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Linear combination

In mathematics, a linear combination is an expression constructed from a set of terms by multiplying each term by a constant and adding the results (e.g. a linear combination of x and y would be any expression of the form ax + by, where a and b are constants).

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Local field potential

A local field potential (LFP) is an electrophysiological signal generated by the summed electric current flowing from multiple nearby neurons within a small volume of nervous tissue.

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Maximum entropy probability distribution

In statistics and information theory, a maximum entropy probability distribution has entropy that is at least as great as that of all other members of a specified class of probability distributions.

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Maximum likelihood estimation

In statistics, maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is a method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations.

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Models of neural computation

Models of neural computation are attempts to elucidate, in an abstract and mathematical fashion, the core principles that underlie information processing in biological nervous systems, or functional components thereof.

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Moment (mathematics)

In mathematics, a moment is a specific quantitative measure, used in both mechanics and statistics, of the shape of a set of points.

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Muscle

Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.

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Mushroom bodies

The mushroom bodies or corpora pedunculata are a pair of structures in the brain of insects, other arthropods, and some annelids (notably the ragworm).

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Mutual information

In probability theory and information theory, the mutual information (MI) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables.

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Neural circuit

A neural circuit, is a population of neurons interconnected by synapses to carry out a specific function when activated.

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Neural coding

Neural coding is a neuroscience field concerned with characterising the hypothetical relationship between the stimulus and the individual or ensemble neuronal responses and the relationship among the electrical activity of the neurons in the ensemble.

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Neural correlate

A neural correlate of a content of experience is any bodily component, such as an electro-neuro-biological state or the state assumed by some biophysical subsystem of the brain, whose presence necessarily and regularly correlates with such a specific content of experience.

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Neural decoding

Neural decoding is a neuroscience field concerned with the hypothetical reconstruction of sensory and other stimuli from information that has already been encoded and represented in the brain by networks of neurons.

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Neural ensemble

A neural ensemble is a population of nervous system cells (or cultured neurons) involved in a particular neural computation.

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Neural network

The term neural network was traditionally used to refer to a network or circuit of neurons.

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Neural oscillation

Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Neuroscience

Neuroscience (or neurobiology) is the scientific study of the nervous system.

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Nikos Logothetis

Nikos Logothetis (Νίκος Λογοθέτης; born 1950 in Istanbul) is a Greek biologist and neuroscientist.

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Noise

Noise is unwanted sound judged to be unpleasant, loud or disruptive to hearing.

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Normal distribution

In probability theory, the normal (or Gaussian or Gauss or Laplace–Gauss) distribution is a very common continuous probability distribution.

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Olfaction

Olfaction is a chemoreception that forms the sense of smell.

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Olfactory bulb

The olfactory bulb (bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the sense of smell.

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Olfactory bulb mitral cell

Mitral cells are neurons that are part of the olfactory system.

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Olfactory system

The olfactory system, or sense of smell, is the part of the sensory system used for smelling (olfaction).

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Optogenetics

Optogenetics is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels.

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Organism

In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system.

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Peristimulus time histogram

In neurophysiology, peristimulus time histogram and poststimulus time histogram, both abbreviated PSTH or PST histogram, are histograms of the times at which neurons fire.

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Photoreceptor cell

A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction.

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Point process

In statistics and probability theory, a point process or point field is a collection of mathematical points randomly located on some underlying mathematical space such as the real line, the Cartesian plane, or more abstract spaces.

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Population vector

In neuroscience, a population vector is the sum of the preferred directions of a population of neurons, weighted by the respective spike counts.

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Postsynaptic potential

Postsynaptic potentials are changes in the membrane potential of the postsynaptic terminal of a chemical synapse.

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Probability

Probability is the measure of the likelihood that an event will occur.

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Probability distribution

In probability theory and statistics, a probability distribution is a mathematical function that provides the probabilities of occurrence of different possible outcomes in an experiment.

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Probability theory

Probability theory is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability.

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Purkinje cell

Purkinje cells, or Purkinje neurons, are a class of GABAergic neurons located in the cerebellum.

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Saccade

A saccade (French for jerk) is a quick, simultaneous movement of both eyes between two or more phases of fixation in the same direction.

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Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to understand reality.

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Scholarpedia

Scholarpedia is an English-language online wiki-based encyclopedia with features commonly associated with open-access online academic journals, which aims to have quality content.

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Somatosensory system

The somatosensory system is a part of the sensory nervous system.

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Sound

In physics, sound is a vibration that typically propagates as an audible wave of pressure, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.

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Sound localization

Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

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Sparse distributed memory

Sparse distributed memory (SDM) is a mathematical model of human long-term memory introduced by Pentti Kanerva in 1988 while he was at NASA Ames Research Center.

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Sparse matrix

In numerical analysis and computer science, a sparse matrix or sparse array is a matrix in which most of the elements are zero.

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Spike directivity

Spike directivity is a vector that quantifies changes in transient charge density during action potential propagation.

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Spike-timing-dependent plasticity

Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is a biological process that adjusts the strength of connections between neurons in the brain.

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Statistical dispersion

In statistics, dispersion (also called variability, scatter, or spread) is the extent to which a distribution is stretched or squeezed.

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Statistical fluctuations

Statistical fluctuations are fluctuations in quantities derived from many identical random processes.

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Statistics

Statistics is a branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

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Stimulus (physiology)

In physiology, a stimulus (plural stimuli) is a detectable change in the internal or external environment.

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Taste

Taste, gustatory perception, or gustation is one of the five traditional senses that belongs to the gustatory system.

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Temporal lobe

The temporal lobe is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the brain of mammals.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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Vector quantization

Vector quantization (VQ) is a classical quantization technique from signal processing that allows the modeling of probability density functions by the distribution of prototype vectors.

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Visual cortex

The visual cortex of the brain is a part of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information.

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Wavelet

A wavelet is a wave-like oscillation with an amplitude that begins at zero, increases, and then decreases back to zero.

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Yngve Zotterman

Yngve Zotterman (20 September 1898 in Vadstena – 13 March 1982 in Stockholm) was a Swedish neurophysiologist who received his medical training at the Karolinska Institute.

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Redirects here:

Correlation code, Correlation coding, Correlation encoding, Independent-spike code, Independent-spike coding, Independent-spike encoding, Neural code, Neural encoding, NeuroElectroDynamics, Neuroelectrodynamics, Neuronal code, Neuronal coding, Phase-of-firing code, Population code, Population coding, Population encoding, Rate code, Rate coding, Rate encoding, Sparse code, Sparse coding, Sparse encoding, Sparseness, Temporal code, Temporal coding, Temporal encoding.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_coding

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