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174 relations: Abdominal pain, Acquired brain injury, Adrenaline, Adrenergic receptor, Adverse drug reaction, Aggression, Agonist, Akathisia, Alpha blocker, Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor, American Academy of Pediatrics, American Heart Association, Angina, Anxiety, Anxiety disorder, Arachnophobia, Aryl, Ascites, Asthma, AstraZeneca, Atrioventricular block, Australian Drug Evaluation Committee, Australian Medicines Handbook, Beta blocker, Beta-1 adrenergic receptor, Beta-2 adrenergic receptor, Beta-3 adrenergic receptor, Beta2-adrenergic agonist, Bioavailability, Bisoprolol, Blood–brain barrier, Bradycardia, Brain (journal), Breastfeeding, British people, Capillary hemangioma, Carcinogen, Carvedilol, Central nervous system, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Cimetidine, Cipla, Clenbuterol, Clonidine, Cluster headache, Cocaine intoxication, Constipation, Coronary artery disease, Corticosteroid, ..., CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, Deiodinase, Dental fear, Developing country, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Dichloroisoprenaline, Dopamine receptor D1, Dopamine receptor D2, Dream, Drug overdose, Ergoline, Esophageal varices, Essential tremor, Ethanolamine, First pass effect, Fluvoxamine, Formoterol, Generic drug, Glaucoma, Half-life, Health system, Heart, Heart arrhythmia, Heart failure, Hemangioma, Histamine H1 receptor, Hyperhidrosis, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Hypoglycemia, Hypotension, Imperial Chemical Industries, Infant, Infantile hemangioma, Insomnia, Intravenous therapy, Isoprenaline, JAMA (journal), James Black (pharmacologist), Kidney, Lactation, Levosalbutamol, Lidocaine, Lipophilicity, Lithium (medication), Liver, Local anesthetic, Lung, Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference, Membrane stabilizing effect, Memory consolidation, Metoprolol, Migraine, Model organism, Myasthenia gravis, Myocardial infarction, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Nausea, Nebivolol, Neurotransmitter, Nightmare, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Norepinephrine, Norepinephrine transporter, Novartis, Oral administration, Panic, Peripheral artery disease, Pharmacodynamics, Phenobarbital, Pheochromocytoma, Placenta, Plasma protein binding, Portal hypertension, Portal vein, Posttraumatic stress disorder, Pregnancy, Pregnancy category, Preterm birth, Primary polydipsia, Pronethalol, Quinidine, Racemic mixture, Rapid eye movement sleep, Raynaud syndrome, Receptor antagonist, Rectal administration, Rifampicin, Salbutamol, Salmeterol, Second-degree atrioventricular block, Shock (circulatory), Sick sinus syndrome, Side effect, Social anxiety disorder, Sodium channel, Specific phobia, Stage fright, Sympathetic nervous system, Synapse, Tachycardia, Teratology, The Lancet, Third-degree atrioventricular block, Tremor, United Kingdom, United States National Library of Medicine, Variant angina, Verapamil, WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 5-HT receptor, 5-HT1A receptor, 5-HT1B receptor, 5-HT1D receptor, 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2B receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, 5-HT3 receptor. Expand index (124 more) »
Abdominal pain
Abdominal pain, also known as a stomach ache, is a symptom associated with both non-serious and serious medical issues.
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Acquired brain injury
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is brain damage caused by events after birth, rather than as part of a genetic or congenital disorder such as fetal alcohol syndrome, perinatal illness or perinatal hypoxia.
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Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.
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Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).
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Adverse drug reaction
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.
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Aggression
Aggression is overt, often harmful, social interaction with the intention of inflicting damage or other unpleasantness upon another individual.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Akathisia
Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and inability to stay still.
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Alpha blocker
Alpha-blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).
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Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-1 (α1) adrenergic receptor is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gq heterotrimeric G-protein.
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Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor
The alpha-2 (α2) adrenergic receptor (or adrenoceptor) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) associated with the Gi heterotrimeric G-protein.
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American Academy of Pediatrics
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an American professional association of pediatricians, headquartered in Itasca, Illinois.
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American Heart Association
The American Heart Association (AHA) is a non-profit organization in the United States that fosters appropriate cardiac care in an effort to reduce disability and deaths caused by cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Angina
Angina, also known as angina pectoris, is chest pain or pressure, usually due to not enough blood flow to the heart muscle.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Anxiety disorder
Anxiety disorders are a group of mental disorders characterized by significant feelings of anxiety and fear.
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Arachnophobia
Arachnophobia is the irrational fear of spiders and other arachnids such as scorpions.
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Aryl
In the context of organic molecules, aryl is any functional group or substituent derived from an aromatic ring, usually an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as phenyl and naphthyl.
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Ascites
Ascites is the abnormal buildup of fluid in the abdomen.
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Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
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AstraZeneca
AstraZeneca plc is an Anglo–Swedish multinational pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical company.
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Atrioventricular block
Atrioventricular block (AV block) is a type of heart block in which the conduction between the atria and ventricles of the heart is impaired.
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Australian Drug Evaluation Committee
The Australian Drug Evaluation Committee or ADEC, was a committee that provided independent scientific advice to the Australian Government regarding therapeutic drugs.
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Australian Medicines Handbook
Australian Medicines Handbook (AMH) is a peer-reviewed medicines prescribing guide for Australian health professionals.
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Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also written β-blockers, are a class of medications that are particularly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms, and to protect the heart from a second heart attack (myocardial infarction) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
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Beta-1 adrenergic receptor
The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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Beta-2 adrenergic receptor
The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB2, is a cell membrane-spanning beta-adrenergic receptor that interacts with (binds) epinephrine, a hormone and neurotransmitter (ligand synonym, adrenaline) whose signaling, via a downstream L-type calcium channel interaction, mediates physiologic responses such as smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation.
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Beta-3 adrenergic receptor
The beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3 adrenoreceptor), also known as ADRB3, is a beta-adrenergic receptor, and also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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Beta2-adrenergic agonist
β2 (beta2) adrenergic receptor agonists, also known as adrenergic β2 receptor agonists, are a class of drugs that act on the β2 adrenergic receptor.
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Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
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Bisoprolol
Bisoprolol, marketed under the tradename Zebeta among others, is a medication most commonly used for heart diseases.
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Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable membrane barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS).
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Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a condition wherein an individual has a very slow heart rate, typically defined as a resting heart rate of under 60 beats per minute (BPM) in adults.
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Brain (journal)
Brain is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of neurology, founded in 1878 by John Charles Bucknill, David Ferrier, James Crichton-Browne and John Hughlings Jackson.
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.
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British people
The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.
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Capillary hemangioma
A capillary hemangioma (also known as an Infantile hemangioma, Strawberry hemangioma,James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. (10th ed.). Saunders.. and Strawberry nevus) is the most common variant of hemangioma which appears as a raised, red, lumpy area of flesh anywhere on the body, though 83% occur on the head or neck area.
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Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that promotes carcinogenesis, the formation of cancer.
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Carvedilol
Carvedilol, sold under the brand name Coreg among others, is a medication used for treating mild to severe congestive heart failure (CHF), left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) following heart attack in people who are otherwise stable, and for treating high blood pressure.
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
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Cimetidine
Cimetidine, sold under the brand name Tagamet among others, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production.
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Cipla
Cipla Limited is an Indian multinational pharmaceutical and biotechnology company, headquartered in Mumbai, India.
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Clenbuterol
Clenbuterol, marketed as Dilaterol, Spiropent, Ventipulmin, is a sympathomimetic amine used by sufferers of breathing disorders as a decongestant and bronchodilator.
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Clonidine
Clonidine (trade names Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, Clophelin, and others) is a medication used to treat high blood pressure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, tic disorders, withdrawal (from either alcohol, opioids, or smoking), migraine, menopausal flushing, diarrhea, and certain pain conditions.
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Cluster headache
Cluster headache (CH) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, severe headaches on one side of the head, typically around the eye.
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Cocaine intoxication
Cocaine intoxication refers to the immediate and deleterious effects of cocaine on the body.
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Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
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Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as ischemic heart disease (IHD), refers to a group of diseases which includes stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death.
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Corticosteroid
Corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates, as well as the synthetic analogues of these hormones.
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CYP1A2
Cytochrome P450 1A2 (abbreviated CYP1A2), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.
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CYP2C19
Cytochrome P450 2C19 (abbreviated CYP2C19) is an enzyme.
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CYP2D6
Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2D6 gene.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Deiodinase
Deiodinase (or iodide peroxidase or "Monodeiodinase") is a peroxidase enzyme that is involved in the activation or deactivation of thyroid hormones.
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Dental fear
Dental fear, dental anxiety and dental phobia are quite often used inter-changeably.
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Developing country
A developing country (or a low and middle income country (LMIC), less developed country, less economically developed country (LEDC), underdeveloped country) is a country with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Diabetes mellitus type 2
Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
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Dichloroisoprenaline
Dichloroisoprenaline (DCI), also known as dichloroisoproterenol, was the first beta blocker ever to be developed.
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Dopamine receptor D1
Dopamine receptor D1, also known as DRD1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DRD1 gene.
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Dopamine receptor D2
Dopamine receptor D2, also known as D2R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.
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Dream
A dream is a succession of images, ideas, emotions, and sensations that usually occur involuntarily in the mind during certain stages of sleep.
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Drug overdose
The term drug overdose (or simply overdose or OD) describes the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced.
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Ergoline
Ergoline derivatives comprise a diverse group of chemical compounds whose structural skeleton is the alkaloid ergoline.
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Esophageal varices
Esophageal varices (sometimes spelled oesophageal varices) are extremely dilated sub-mucosal veins in the lower third of the esophagus.
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Essential tremor
Essential tremor (ET, also referred to as benign tremor, familial tremor, or idiopathic tremor) is a progressive neurological disorder that is also the most common movement disorder.
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Ethanolamine
Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol, monoethanolamine, ETA, or MEA) is an organic chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2NH2.
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First pass effect
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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Fluvoxamine
Fluvoxamine, sold under the brand name Luvox among others, is a medication which is used primarily for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), and is also used to treat major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders such as panic disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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Formoterol
Formoterol (INN) or eformoterol (former BAN) is a long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) used in the management of asthma and COPD.
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Generic drug
A generic drug is a pharmaceutical drug that is equivalent to a brand-name product in dosage, strength, route of administration, quality, performance, and intended use, but does not carry the brand name.
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Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss.
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Half-life
Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.
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Health system
A health system, also sometimes referred to as health care system or as healthcare system, is the organization of people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care services to meet the health needs of target populations.
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Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system.
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Heart arrhythmia
Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Hemangioma
Hemangioma is a benign tumor formed by a collection of excess blood vessels.
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Histamine H1 receptor
The H1 receptor is a histamine receptor belonging to the family of rhodopsin-like G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating, in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormone by the thyroid gland.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a condition in which a portion of the heart becomes thickened without an obvious cause.
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Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia, also known as low blood sugar, is when blood sugar decreases to below normal levels.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Imperial Chemical Industries
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) was a British chemical company and was, for much of its history, the largest manufacturer in Britain.
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Infant
An infant (from the Latin word infans, meaning "unable to speak" or "speechless") is the more formal or specialised synonym for "baby", the very young offspring of a human.
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Infantile hemangioma
A hemangioma, also known as infantile hemangioma (IH), is one of the most common benign tumors of infancy and occurs in approximately 5–10% of infants,Drolet BA, Esterly NB, Frieden IJ.
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Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Isoprenaline
Isoprenaline, or isoproterenol, is a medication used for the treatment of bradycardia (slow heart rate), heart block, and rarely for asthma.
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JAMA (journal)
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association is a peer-reviewed medical journal published 48 times a year by the American Medical Association.
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James Black (pharmacologist)
Sir James Whyte Black (14 June 1924 – 22 March 2010) was a Scottish physician and pharmacologist.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Lactation
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
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Levosalbutamol
Levosalbutamol, also known as levalbuterol is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist used in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
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Lidocaine
Lidocaine, also known as xylocaine and lignocaine, is a medication used to numb tissue in a specific area.
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Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly"), refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.
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Lithium (medication)
Lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are primarily used as a psychiatric medication.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Local anesthetic
A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes reversible absence of pain sensation, although other senses are often affected, as well.
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Lung
The lungs are the primary organs of the respiratory system in humans and many other animals including a few fish and some snails.
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Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference is a reference book published by Pharmaceutical Press listing some 6,000 drugs and medicines used throughout the world, including details of over 180,000 proprietary preparations.
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Membrane stabilizing effect
Membrane stabilizing effects involve the inhibition or total abolishing of action potentials from being propagated across the membrane.
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Memory consolidation
Memory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition.
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Metoprolol
Metoprolol, marketed under the tradename Lopressor among others, is a medication of the selective β1 receptor blocker type.
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Model organism
A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the organism model will provide insight into the workings of other organisms.
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Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a long-term neuromuscular disease that leads to varying degrees of skeletal muscle weakness.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) is an executive non-departmental public body of the Department of Health in the United Kingdom, which publishes guidelines in four areas.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Nebivolol
Nebivolol is a β1 receptor blocker with nitric oxide-potentiating vasodilatory effect used in treatment of hypertension and, in Europe, also for left ventricular failure.
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Nightmare
A nightmare, also called a bad dream, Retrieved July 11, 2016.
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Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin), administered by the Nobel Foundation, is awarded once a year for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine.
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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Norepinephrine transporter
The norepinephrine transporter (NET), also known as solute carrier family 6 member 2 (SLC6A2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A2 gene.
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Novartis
Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.
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Oral administration
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Panic
Panic is a sudden sensation of fear, which is so strong as to dominate or prevent reason and logical thinking, replacing it with overwhelming feelings of anxiety and frantic agitation consistent with an animalistic fight-or-flight reaction.
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Peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a narrowing of the arteries other than those that supply the heart or the brain.
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).
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Phenobarbital
Phenobarbital, also known as phenobarbitone or phenobarb, is a medication recommended by the World Health Organization for the treatment of certain types of epilepsy in developing countries.
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Pheochromocytoma
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) is a neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (originating in the chromaffin cells), or extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue that failed to involute after birth, that secretes high amounts of catecholamines, mostly norepinephrine, plus epinephrine to a lesser extent.
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Placenta
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, thermo-regulation, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply; to fight against internal infection; and to produce hormones which support pregnancy.
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Plasma protein binding
Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood.
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Portal hypertension
Portal hypertension is hypertension (high blood pressure) in the hepatic portal system – made up of the portal vein and its branches, that drain from most of the intestine to the liver.
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Portal vein
The portal vein or hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that carries blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas and spleen to the liver.
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Posttraumatic stress disorder
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)Acceptable variants of this term exist; see the Terminology section in this article.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnancy category
The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Primary polydipsia
Primary polydipsia is a form of polydipsia characterised by excessive fluid intake in the absence of physiological stimuli to drink.
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Pronethalol
Pronethalol (Alderlin, Nethalide) was an early non-selective beta blocker clinical candidate.
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Quinidine
Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart.
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Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture, or racemate, is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule.
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Rapid eye movement sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep, REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals and birds, distinguishable by random/rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied with low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
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Raynaud syndrome
Raynaud syndrome, also known as Raynaud's phenomenon, is a medical condition in which spasm of arteries cause episodes of reduced blood flow.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Rectal administration
Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs.
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Rifampicin
Rifampicin, also known as rifampin, is an antibiotic used to treat several types of bacterial infections, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Legionnaire's disease.
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Salbutamol
Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and marketed as Ventolin among other names, is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.
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Salmeterol
Salmeterol is a long-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) used in the maintenance and prevention of asthma symptoms and maintenance of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms.
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Second-degree atrioventricular block
Second-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart.
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Shock (circulatory)
Shock is the state of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.
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Sick sinus syndrome
Sick sinus syndrome (SSS), also called sinus dysfunction, or sinoatrial node disease ("SND"), is a group of abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) presumably caused by a malfunction of the sinus node, the heart's primary pacemaker.
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Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.
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Social anxiety disorder
Social anxiety disorder (SAD), also known as social phobia, is an anxiety disorder characterized by a significant amount of fear in one or more social situations, causing considerable distress and impaired ability to function in at least some parts of daily life.
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Sodium channel
Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.
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Specific phobia
A specific phobia is any kind of anxiety disorder that amounts to an unreasonable or irrational fear related to exposure to specific objects or situations.
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Stage fright
Stage fright or performance anxiety is the anxiety, fear, or persistent phobia which may be aroused in an individual by the requirement to perform in front of an audience, whether actually or potentially (for example, when performing before a camera).
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Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system.
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Synapse
In the nervous system, a synapse is a structure that permits a neuron (or nerve cell) to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron or to the target efferent cell.
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Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
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Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.
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The Lancet
The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal.
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Third-degree atrioventricular block
Third-degree atrioventricular block (AV block), also known as complete heart block, is a medical condition in which the nerve impulse generated in the sinoatrial node (SA node) in the atrium of the heart does not propagate to the ventricles.
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Tremor
A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United States National Library of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library.
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Variant angina
Variant angina, often termed Prinzmetal's angina, Prinzmetal angina, and less commonly vasospastic angina, angina inversa, coronary vessel spasm, or coronary artery vasospasm, is a syndrome typically consisting of angina (cardiac chest pain) that unlike classical angina, which is triggered by exertion or exercise, commonly occurs in individuals at rest or even asleep.
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Verapamil
Verapamil, sold under various trade names, is a medication used for the treatment of high blood pressure, angina (chest pain from not enough blood flow to the heart), and supraventricular tachycardia.
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WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
The WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (EML), published by the World Health Organization (WHO), contains the medications considered to be most effective and safe to meet the most important needs in a health system.
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5-HT receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptors or 5-HT receptors, or serotonin receptors, are a group of G protein-coupled receptor and ligand-gated ion channels found in the central and peripheral nervous systems.
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5-HT1A receptor
The serotonin 1A receptor (or 5-HT1A receptor) is a subtype of serotonin receptor (5-HT receptor) that binds the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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5-HT1B receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B also known as the 5-HT1B receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR1B gene.
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5-HT1D receptor
5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1D, also known as HTR1D, is a 5-HT receptor, but also denotes the human gene encoding it.
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5-HT2A receptor
The mammalian 5-HT2A receptor is a subtype of the 5-HT2 receptor that belongs to the serotonin receptor family and is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
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5-HT2B receptor
5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B (5-HT2B) also known as serotonin receptor 2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR2B gene.
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5-HT2C receptor
The 5-HT2C receptor is a subtype of 5-HT receptor that binds the endogenous neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT).
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5-HT3 receptor
The 5-HT3 receptor belongs to the Cys-loop superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) and therefore differs structurally and functionally from all other 5-HT receptors (5-hydroxytryptamine, or serotonin) receptors which are G protein-coupled receptors.
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Redirects here:
ATC code C07AA05, ATCvet code QC07AA05, Angilol, Apsolol, Avlocardyl, Bedranol, Beprane, Berkolol, Beta-Neg, Beta-Propranolol, Beta-Tablinen, Beta-Timelets, Betachron, Betalong, Cardinol, Caridolol, Ciplar LA, Corpendol, Deralin, Dexpropranolol, Dextropropranolol, Dociton, Duranol, Efektolol, Elbrol, Etalong, Euprovasin, Frekven, Inderal, Inderal La, Inderal la, Inderide, Indobloc, InnoPran XL, Innopran XL, Innopran xl, Intermigran, Kemi S, Levo-propranolol, Levopropranolol, Migrastat, Obsidan, Oposim, Prano-Puren, Pranol, Propanix, Propanolol, Prophylux, Propranolol Hydrochloride, Propranolol dibudinate, Propranolol hcl, Propranolol hydrochloride, Propranur, Proprasylyt, Pylapron, Rapynogen, Reducor, Reducor Line, Sagittol, Servanolol, Sloprolol, Sumial, Tesnol.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propranolol
