Communication

622 relations: Aşıkpaşazade, Aşub Sultan, Abaza Hasan Pasha, Abdülaziz, Abdul Hamid I, Abdul Hamid II, Abdulcelil Levni, Abdulmejid I, Abdulmejid II, Action of Khan Baghdadi, Adil Giray, Adile Sultan, Adile Sultan Palace, Agah Efendi, Agaluk, Ahmed Cevdet Pasha, Ahmed I, Ahmed II, Ahmed III, Ahmed Izzet Pasha, Ahmed Resmî Efendi, Ahmed Vefik Pasha, Ahmet Tevfik Pasha, Aimée du Buc de Rivéry, Akkerman Convention, Alaeddin Pasha, Albania under the Ottoman Empire, Alemdar Mustafa Pasha, Algiers expedition (1541), Ali Pasha, Ali Qushji, Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha, April Uprising of 1876, Arab Revolt, Architect Kasemi, Armistice of Erzincan, Armistice of Mudros, Atçalı Kel Mehmet, Atik Sinan, Atik Valide Mosque, Auspicious Incident, Aydın Reis, Aynalıkavak Palace, Çandarlı family, Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder, Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger, Çınar incident, Çırağan Palace, Çorlulu Ali Pasha, Öküz Mehmed Pasha, ..., Ömer Seyfettin, Özdemir Pasha, Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha, İbrahim Şinasi, İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi, İbrahim Peçevi, İslâm III Giray, Şahin Giray, Şahkulu rebellion, Şehsuvar Sultan, Şehzade Mosque, Şehzade Mustafa, Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin, Şeker Ahmed Pasha, Şemsi Pasha, Şemsi Pasha Mosque, Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu, Şevkefza Kadın, Balkan Wars, Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, Baltadji, Balyan family, Battle of Abaran, Battle of Abu Tellul, Battle of Abukir (1799), Battle of Al-Safra, Battle of Alamana, Battle of Albulena, Battle of Andros (1696), Battle of Ankara, Battle of Ardahan, Battle of Arpachai, Battle of Athos, Battle of Çıldır, Battle of Čegar, Battle of Şarköy, Battle of Baku, Battle of Bapheus, Battle of Basra (1914), Battle of Beersheba (1917), Battle of Beirut (1912), Battle of Bileća, Battle of Bitlis, Battle of Bizani, Battle of Breadfield, Battle of Bulair, Battle of Buqqar Ridge, Battle of Cape Kaliakra, Battle of Cecora (1620), Battle of Chaldiran, Battle of Chesma, Battle of Chunuk Bair, Battle of Ctesiphon (1915), Battle of Djerba, Battle of Dragashani, Battle of Dubravnica, Battle of Dujaila, Battle of Elli, Battle of Erzincan, Battle of Es Sinn, Battle of Eupatoria, Battle of Focchies, Battle of Focșani, Battle of Formentera, Battle of Grocka, Battle of Gully Ravine, Battle of Hanna, Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli), Battle of Ihtiman, Battle of Imbros (1717), Battle of Jeddah (1813), Battle of Jerusalem, Battle of Kagul, Battle of Kaliakra (1912), Battle of Kamatero, Battle of Kara Killisse (1915), Battle of Karakilisa, Battle of Kardzhali, Battle of Kızıl Tepe, Battle of Keresztes, Battle of Khotyn (1621), Battle of Khotyn (1673), Battle of Kirk Kilisse, Battle of Konya, Battle of Kosovo, Battle of Kosovo (1448), Battle of Krbava Field, Battle of Krithia Vineyard, Battle of Kulevicha, Battle of Kumanovo, Battle of Kurekdere, Battle of Larga, Battle of Lemnos (1913), Battle of Lepanto, Battle of Lone Pine, Battle of Lule Burgas, Battle of Magdhaba, Battle of Manzikert (1915), Battle of Maritsa, Battle of Marj Dabiq, Battle of Matapan, Battle of Megiddo (1918), Battle of Merhamli, Battle of Modon, Battle of Mohács, Battle of Mohács (1687), Battle of Monastir, Battle of Mughar Ridge, Battle of Navarino, Battle of Nezib, Battle of Nicopolis, Battle of Oltenița, Battle of Otlukbeli, Battle of Pelekanon, Battle of Pente Pigadia, Battle of Petrovaradin, Battle of Ponza (1552), Battle of Preveza, Battle of Prilep, Battle of Qurna, Battle of Rafa, Battle of Ridaniya, Battle of Romani, Battle of Rovine, Battle of Rymnik, Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664), Battle of Sarantaporo, Battle of Sardarabad, Battle of Sari Bair, Battle of Sarikamish, Battle of Savra, Battle of Scimitar Hill, Battle of Sharqat, Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad, Battle of Shipka Pass, Battle of Sinop, Battle of Sisak, Battle of Slankamen, Battle of Sokhoista, Battle of Sorovich, Battle of Stavuchany, Battle of Tashkessen, Battle of the Dardanelles (1654), Battle of the Dardanelles (1655), Battle of the Dardanelles (1656), Battle of the Dardanelles (1657), Battle of the Nek, Battle of the Oinousses Islands, Battle of the Pyramids, Battle of Tobruk (1911), Battle of Torches, Battle of Valea Albă, Battle of Varna, Battle of Vaslui, Battle of Vienna, Battle of Wadi (1916), Battle of Yaunis Khan, Battle of Yenidje, Battle of Zenta, Battle of Zonchio, Battles of Ramadi (1917), Bayezid I, Bayezid II, Bayezid II Mosque, Bâkî, Bergmann Offensive, Beylerbey, Beylerbeyi Palace, Bezmiâlem Sultan, Bostandji, Buhurizade Mustafa Itri, Byzantine–Ottoman wars, Caucasus Campaign, Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha, Celali rebellions, Cemil Bey, Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, Charter of Alliance, Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire, Convention of Kütahya, Convention of London (1840), Convention of Scutari, Cretan War (1645–1669), Croatian–Ottoman wars, Culture of the Ottoman Empire, Cyprus Convention, Dadaloğlu, Damat Ferid Pasha, Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire, Demographics of the Ottoman Empire, Devlet Hatun, Devlet I Giray, Devlet II Giray, Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Djemal Pasha, Dolmabahçe Mosque, Dolmabahçe Palace, Dragut, Economic history of the Ottoman Empire, Edhem Pasha, Edirne event, Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan, Emine Hatun, Enderûn, Enver Pasha, Erzurum Offensive, Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I), Esma Sultan Mansion, Evliya Çelebi, Evrenos, Expedition of Dramali, Eyüp Sultan Mosque, Fall of Baghdad (1917), Fao Landing, Fatih Mosque, Istanbul, Fehime Sultan, First Battle of Gaza, First Battle of Krithia, First Constitutional Era, Firuz Agha Mosque, French campaign in Egypt and Syria, Fuzûlî, Gallipoli Campaign, Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque, Gazi Hüseyin Pasha, Gülçiçek Hatun, Gülüstü Hanım, Gülbahar, Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Bayezid II), Gülcemal Kadın, Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Greco-Turkish War (1897), Greek War of Independence, Habesh Eyalet, Hacı Arif Bey, Hadım Mehmed Pasha, Hadım Sinan Pasha, Hafız Post, Hafsa Sultan (wife of Selim I), Halil Rifat Pasha, Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi, Hampartsoum Limondjian, Handan Agha Mosque, Handan Sultan, Hatice Sultan, Hatice Sultan Palace, Hayâlî, Hayreddin Barbarossa, Hâfiz Osman, Hüma Hatun, Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha, Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi, Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire, History of Montenegro, History of the Russo-Turkish wars, Hoca Ali Rıza, Hoca Sadeddin Efendi, Hurrem Sultan, Husein Gradaščević, Ibrahim Muteferrika, Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire, Idris Bitlisi, Ihlamur Palace, Invasion of Algiers in 1830, Iqta', Italian War of 1542–46, Italo-Turkish War, Janissaries, Jazzar Pasha, Jean de La Forêt, Kabakçı Mustafa, Kadiluk, Kara Mustafa Pasha, Karacaoğlan, Karamani Mehmet Pasha, Kaya Sultan, Kâtip Çelebi, Köprülü era, Köprülü family, Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha, Köprülüzade Numan Pasha, Kösem Sultan, Küçüksu Palace, Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex, Kemal Reis, Kemani Tatyos Ekserciyan, Khedive Palace, Kizlar Agha, Koçi Bey, Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, Koca Ragıp Pasha, Koca Sinan Pasha, Kosovo Vilayet, Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis, Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis, Kuyucu Murad Pasha, Lagâri Hasan Çelebi, Lala Mustafa Pasha, Laleli Mosque, Landing at Anzac Cove, Landing at Cape Helles, Landing at Suvla Bay, Lütfi Pasha, Levidis family, List of admirals in the Ottoman Empire, List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire, List of campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent, List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire, List of Crimean khans, List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans, List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings, List of Ottoman Grand Viziers, List of rebellions in Ottoman Turkey, List of Serbian–Turkish conflicts, List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire, List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire, London Straits Convention, Mahfiruz Hatun, Mahidevran, Mahmud I, Mahmud II, Mahmud Pasha, Mahmud Shevket Pasha, Malhun Hatun, Mamluk dynasty (Iraq), Maslak Palace, Matrakçı Nasuh, Müezzinzade Ali Pasha, Münejjim Bashi, Meñli I Giray, Mecelle, Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Mehmed I, Mehmed I Giray, Mehmed III, Mehmed IV, Mehmed IV Giray, Mehmed the Conqueror, Mehmed V, Mehmed VI, Melek Ahmed Pasha, Mesopotamian campaign, Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha, Midhat Pasha, Mihrişah Sultan, Mihrimah Sultan, Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar), Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı), Military of the Ottoman Empire, Millet, Mimar Sinan, Molla Çelebi Mosque, Mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty, Muazzez Sultan, Muhammad Ali of Egypt, Murad I, Murad II, Murad III, Murad IV, Murad V, Murat Reis the Elder, Musa Çelebi, Muslim, Mustafa Âlî, Mustafa I, Mustafa II, Mustafa III, Mustafa IV, Mustafa Naima, Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Mustafa Selaniki, Nakkaş Osman, Namık Kemal, Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign, Neşâtî, Nedîm, Nef'i, Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, New Mosque (Istanbul), Nilüfer Hatun, North Africa, Nurbanu Sultan, Nuruosmaniye Mosque, Nusretiye Mosque, Occhiali, Orban, Orhan, Ortaköy Mosque, Oruç Reis, Osman Aga of Temesvar, Osman Hamdi Bey, Osman I, Osman II, Osman III, Osman Nuri Pasha, Ottoman Algeria, Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ottoman Bulgaria, Ottoman Cyprus, Ottoman decline thesis, Ottoman dynasty, Ottoman Egypt, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman family tree, Ottoman Greece, Ottoman Hungary, Ottoman Interregnum, Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean, Ottoman Old Regime, Ottoman palaces in Istanbul, Ottoman Serbia, Ottoman Syria, Ottoman Tripolitania, Ottoman Tunisia, Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Vardar Macedonia, Ottoman wars in Europe, Ottoman–Habsburg wars, Ottoman–Persian wars, Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty (1419), Ottoman–Venetian Wars, Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, Partition of the Ottoman Empire, Pasha, Patrona Halil, Peace of Amasya, Peace of Szeged, Peace of Vasvár, Peace of Zsitvatorok, Perestu Kadın, Pertevniyal Sultan, Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, Piali Pasha, Pir Sultan Abdal, Piri Reis, Polish–Ottoman Wars, Pruth River Campaign, Rabia Sultan, Raid on the Suez Canal, Rüstem Pasha, Rüstem Pasha Mosque, Reis ül-Küttab, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, Safiye Sultan, Sahib I Giray, Said Halim Pasha, Salah Rais, Saliha Sultan (wife of Mustafa II), Samarrah Offensive, Sanjak, Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan), Süleymaniye Mosque, Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire, Second Battle of Gaza, Second Battle of Krithia, Second Battle of Kut, Second Constitutional Era, Sedefkar Mehmed Agha, Selim I, Selim I Giray, Selim II, Selim III, Serbian Revolution, Seydi Ali Reis, Sheikh Bedreddin, Siege of Adrianople (1912–13), Siege of Kut, Siege of Plevna, Siege of Scutari (1912–13), Siege of Shkodra, Silahdar Agha, Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha, Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha, Sinai and Palestine Campaign, Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul), Sineperver Sultan, Sipahi, Social class in the Ottoman Empire, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque, Southeast Europe, State organisation of the Ottoman Empire, Sublime Porte, Suleiman II, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, Sultan Cem, Sultanate of Women, Talaat Pasha, Tanburi Büyük Osman Bey, Tanzimat, Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, Teşvikiye Mosque, Telli Hasan Pasha, Tevfik Fikret, Third Battle of Gaza, Third Battle of Krithia, Timar, Timeline of Turkish history, Tirimüjgan Kadın, Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, Tophane Agreement, Topkapı Palace, Transformation of the Ottoman Empire, Treaties of Erzurum, Treaty of Adrianople (1568), Treaty of Adrianople (1829), Treaty of Ahmet Pasha, Treaty of Athens, Treaty of Aynalıkavak, Treaty of Żurawno, Treaty of Bakhchisarai, Treaty of Balta Liman, Treaty of Batum, Treaty of Belgrade, Treaty of Berlin (1878), Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of Buchach, Treaty of Bucharest (1812), Treaty of Constantinople (1479), Treaty of Constantinople (1533), Treaty of Constantinople (1590), Treaty of Constantinople (1700), Treaty of Constantinople (1724), Treaty of Constantinople (1736), Treaty of Constantinople (1832), Treaty of Constantinople (1897), Treaty of Constantinople (1913), Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi, Treaty of Jassy, Treaty of Karlowitz, Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca, Treaty of Kerden, Treaty of Khotyn, Treaty of London (1913), Treaty of Nasuh Pasha, Treaty of Niš (1739), Treaty of Paris (1856), Treaty of Passarowitz, Treaty of San Stefano, Treaty of Sèvres, Treaty of Serav, Treaty of Sistova, Treaty of the Dardanelles, Treaty of the Pruth, Treaty of Tripoli, Treaty of Zuhab, Treaty with Tunis (1797), Trebizond Campaign, Truce of Adrianople (1547), Tughra, Tulip period, Turhan Hatice Sultan, Valide sultan, Western Asia, World War I, Yavuz Selim Mosque, Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque, Yıldız Palace, Yeni Valide Mosque, Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi, Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha, Zagan Pasha, Zeynep Sultan Mosque, Ziya Gökalp, 1913 Ottoman coup d'état, 31 March Incident. 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Aşıkpaşazade

Dervish Ahmed (Derviş Ahmed; "Ahmed the Dervish; 1400–1484), better known by his pen name Âşıki or family name Aşıkpaşazade, was an Ottoman historian, a prominent representative of the early Ottoman historiography.

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Aşub Sultan

Aşub Sultan (آشوب سلطان; ca. 1627 – 4 December 1689) was a consort of Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim I and Valide Sultan to their son Suleiman II.

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Abaza Hasan Pasha

Abaza Hasan Pasha, also called Kara Hasan Pasha or Celali Hasan Pasha; (ابازه حسن پاشا, Abāza Ḥasan Paşa), was an Ottoman provincial governor and Celali rebel of the mid-seventeenth century.

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Abdülaziz

Abdülaziz (Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز / `Abdü’l-`Azīz, Abdülaziz; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and reigned between 25 June 1861 and 30 May 1876.

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Abdul Hamid I

Abdülhamid I, Abdul Hamid I or Abd Al-Hamid I (عبد الحميد اول, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel; Birinci Abdülhamit; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning over the Ottoman Empire from 1773 to 1789.

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Abdul Hamid II

Abdul Hamid II (عبد الحميد ثانی, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî; İkinci Abdülhamit; 21 September 184210 February 1918) was the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state.

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Abdulcelil Levni

Abdulcelil Levni or Abdulcelil Çelebi (died 1732) was an Ottoman court painter and miniaturist.

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Abdulmejid I

Abdülmecid I (Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول ‘Abdü’l-Mecīd-i evvel; 23/25 April 182325 June 1861), also known as Abdulmejid and similar spellings, was the 31st Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and succeeded his father Mahmud II on 2 July 1839.

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Abdulmejid II

Abdulmejid II (عبد المجید الثانی, Abd al-Madjeed al-Thâni – Halife İkinci Abdülmecit Efendi, 29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944) was the last Caliph of Islam, nominally the 37th Head of the Ottoman Imperial House from 1922 to 1924.

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Action of Khan Baghdadi

The Action of Khan Baghdadi was an engagement during the Mesopotamian Campaign in World War I.

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Adil Giray

Adil Giray, Adil Khan Girai (عادل كراى) was khan of the Crimean Khanate from 1666 to 1671.

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Adile Sultan

Adile Sultan (23 May 1826 – 12 February 1899) was an Ottoman princess, a female Diwan poet, and a philanthropist.

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Adile Sultan Palace

Adile Sultan Palace is the former royal residence of Ottoman princess Adile Sultan.

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Agah Efendi

Çapanzade or Çapanoğlu Agah Efendi (1832 – 1885) was an Ottoman civil servant, writer and newspaper editor who, along with his colleague İbrahim Şinasi, published Tercüman-ı Ahvâl ("Interpreter of Events"), the first private newspaper by Turkish journalists, and introduced postage stamps to the Ottoman Empire.

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Agaluk

An Agaluk (Ağalık) was a feudal unit of the Ottoman Empire governed by an ''aga'', or lord.

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Ahmed Cevdet Pasha

Ahmed Cevdet Pasha (22 March 1822 – 25 May 1895) was an Ottoman scholar, intellectual, bureaucrat, administrator, and historian who was a prominent figure in the Tanzimat reforms of the Ottoman Empire.

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Ahmed I

Ahmed I (احمد اول; I.; 18 April 1590 – 22 November 1617) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1603 until his death in 1617.

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Ahmed II

Ahmed II (Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثانى Aḥmed-i sānī) (25 February 1643 – 6 February 1695) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1691 to 1695.

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Ahmed III

Ahmed III (Ottoman Turkish: احمد ثالث, Aḥmed-i sālis) (30/31 December 16731 July 1736) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and a son of Sultan Mehmed IV (r. 1648–87).

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Ahmed Izzet Pasha

Ahmed İzzet Pasha (1864 – 31 March 1937), known as Ahmet İzzet Furgaç after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman general during World War I. He was also one of the last Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire (14 October 1918 - 8 November 1918) and its last Minister of Foreign Affairs.

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Ahmed Resmî Efendi

Achmet Resmî Efendi (English, "Ahmed Efendi of Resmo"), also called by some Arabic sources as Ahmed bin İbrahim Giridî ("Ahmed the son of İbrahim the Cretan"), was a Greek-Ottoman statesman, diplomat and author of the late 18th century.

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Ahmed Vefik Pasha

Ahmed Vefik Pasha (احمد وفیق پاشا.) (3 July 1823, Constantinople2 April 1891, Constantinople), was an Ottoman statesman, diplomat, scholar, playwright, and translator during the Tanzimat and First Constitutional periods.

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Ahmet Tevfik Pasha

Ahmet Tevfik Pasha (احمد توفیق پاشا‎; 11 February 1845 – 8 October 1936), known as Ahmet Tevfik Okday after the Turkish Surname Law of 1934, was an Ottoman-born Turkish statesman of ethnic Crimean Tatar origin.

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Aimée du Buc de Rivéry

Aimée du Buc de Rivéry (4 December 1768 – ?) was a French heiress who went missing at sea as a young woman.

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Akkerman Convention

The Akkerman Convention was a treaty signed on October 7, 1826, between the Russian and the Ottoman Empires in the Budjak citadel of Akkerman (present-day Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ukraine).

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Alaeddin Pasha

Alaeddin Bey, or Alaeddin Pasha, was the brother of Orhan I Ghazi, who succeeded their father, Osman I Ghazi, in the leadership of the Ottoman Empire.

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Albania under the Ottoman Empire

Albania was ruled by the Ottoman Empire in different periods from 1480 to 1912.

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Alemdar Mustafa Pasha

Alemdar Mustafa Pasha (also called Bayraktar Mustafa Pasha; died 15 November 1808) was an Ottoman military commander and a Grand Vizier born in Khotyn in then Ottoman territory Ukraine in 1765.

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Algiers expedition (1541)

The 1541 Algiers expedition occurred when Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire attempted to lead a fleet against the Ottoman Empire's stronghold of Algiers, in modern Algeria.

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Ali Pasha

Ali Pasha was the name of numerous Ottoman pashas named Ali.

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Ali Qushji

Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, kuşçu – falconer in Turkish; Latin: Ali Kushgii) was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472.

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Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha

Amcazade Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha ("Köprülü Hüseyin Pasha the Nephew"; in Hysein Pashë Kypriljoti) (1644–1702) of the Köprülü family, was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Mustafa II from September 1697 until September 1702.

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April Uprising of 1876

The April Uprising (Априлско въстание, Aprilsko vǎstanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876, which indirectly resulted in the re-establishment of Bulgaria in 1878.

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Arab Revolt

The Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية, al-Thawra al-‘Arabiyya; Arap İsyanı) or Great Arab Revolt (الثورة العربية الكبرى, al-Thawra al-‘Arabiyya al-Kubrā) was officially initiated by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca, at Mecca on June 10, 1916 (9 Sha'ban of the Islamic calendar for that year) although his sons ‘Ali and Faisal had already initiated operations at Medina starting on 5 June with the aim of securing independence from the ruling Ottoman Turks and creating a single unified Arab state stretching from Aleppo in Syria to Aden in Yemen.

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Architect Kasemi

Architect Kasëmi (1570–1659), born in Gramsh, Albania, was an Albanian master of Ottoman classical architecture.

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Armistice of Erzincan

The Armistice of Erzincan (also spelled Erzindzhan or Erzinjan) was an agreement to suspend hostilities during World War I signed by the Ottoman Empire and Transcaucasian Commissariat in Erzincan on 18 December 1917 (5 December O.S.).Robert M. Slusser and Jan F. Triska (1959), A Calendar of Soviet Treaties, 1917–1957 (Stanford University Press), p. 2.

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Armistice of Mudros

The Armistice of Mudros (Mondros Mütarekesi), concluded on 30 October 1918, ended the hostilities, at noon the next day, in the Middle Eastern theatre between the Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I. It was signed by the Ottoman Minister of Marine Affairs Rauf Bey and the British Admiral Somerset Arthur Gough-Calthorpe, on board HMS ''Agamemnon'' in Moudros harbor on the Greek island of Lemnos.

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Atçalı Kel Mehmet

Atçalı Kel Mehmet Efe (1780–1830) was a Zeybek, who led a local revolt against Ottoman authority and established control of the Aydın region for a short period between 1829 and 1830 (in the reign of Mahmud II).

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Atik Sinan

Sinan-i Atik, also known as Azadlı Sinan, and Atik Sinan (meaning Sinan the Freedman; azadlı shows that atik does not mean "old", and is not used to distinguish him from Koca Mimar Sinan Agha), was an Ottoman architect for Sultan Mehmed II from the empire's Greek community during the 15th century.

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Atik Valide Mosque

The Atik Valide Mosque (Atik Valide Camii, Eski Valide Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located on the hill above a large and densely populated district of Üsküdar, in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Auspicious Incident

The Auspicious Incident (or EventGoodwin, pp. 296–299.) (Turkish: (in Istanbul) Vaka-i Hayriye "Fortunate Event"; (in the Balkans) Vaka-i Şerriyye, "Unfortunate Incident") was the forced disbandment of the centuries-old Janissary corps by Sultan Mahmud II on 15 June 1826.

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Aydın Reis

Aydın Reis (died 1535) was an Ottoman admiral, known to the Spanish as "Cachidiablo" and to the Italians as "Cacciadiavolo.".

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Aynalıkavak Palace

Aynalıkavak Palace (Aynalıkavak Kasrı) is a former Ottoman palace located in the Hasköy neighborhood of Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Çandarlı family

The Çandarlı family was a prominent Turkish political family which provided the Ottoman Empire with five grand viziers during the 14th and 15th centuries.

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Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder

Çandarlı Kara Halil Hayreddin Pasha, also known as Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Elder, was the first Grand Vizier of Murad I's reign.

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Çandarlı Halil Pasha the Younger

Çandarlı Halil Pasha (died 1 June 1453), known as the Younger, was a highly influential Ottoman grand vizier under the sultans Murad II and, for the first few years of his reign, Mehmed II (from 1439 to 1 June 1453 precisely).

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Çınar incident

Çınar incident (Platanus Incident) is the name of a 17th-century rebellion in the Ottoman Empire.

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Çırağan Palace

Çırağan Palace (Çırağan Sarayı), a former Ottoman palace, is now a five-star hotel in the Kempinski Hotels chain.

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Çorlulu Ali Pasha

Çorlulu Damat Ali Pasha (1670 in Çorlu – 1711 in Lesbos) was an Ottoman grand vizier who held the office from 1706 to 1710.

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Öküz Mehmed Pasha

"Öküz" Mehmed Pasha ("Mehmed Pasha the Ox"; died 23 December 1619), also known as Kara Mehmed Pasha ("the Black") or "Kul Kıran" Mehmed Pasha ("the Slavebreaker"), was an Ottoman statesman and military commander of the early 17th century who held the office of Grand Vizier twice, the first time from 17 October 1614 to 17 November 1616 (during the reign of Ahmed I) and the second time from 18 January 1619 to 23 December 1619 (during the reign of Osman II the Young).

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Ömer Seyfettin

Ömer Seyfettin, also Omer Seyfeddin (March 11, 1884 – March 6, 1920), was a Turkish nationalist writer from the late-19th to early-20th-century, considered to be one of the greatest modern Turkish authors.

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Özdemir Pasha

Özdemir Pasha (died 1561, Sana) was a Circassian Mamluk general for the Ottoman Empire.

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Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha

Özdemiroğlu Osman Pasha ("Osman Pasha, the son of Özdemir"; 1526 – 29 October 1585) was an Ottoman statesman and military commander who also held the office of grand vizier for one year.

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İbrahim Şinasi

İbrahim Şinasi (5 August 1826 – 13 September 1871) was a pioneering Ottoman intellectual, author, journalist, translator, playwright, and newspaper editor.

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İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi

İbrahim Hakkı Erzurumi (18 May 1703 - 22 June 1780), a popular sufi saint of Turkey from Erzurum in eastern Anatolia - mystic, poet, author, astronomer, physicist, psychologist, sociologist and Islamic scholar.

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İbrahim Peçevi

İbrahim Peçevi or Peçuyli İbrahim Efendi (1572–1650) (Ottoman Turkish: پچوى ابراهىم افندى) (In Bosnia known as "Ibrahim Alajbegović Pečevija") was an Ottoman Bosnian historian (chronicler) of the Ottoman Empire.

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İslâm III Giray

İslâm III Giray, Islam Khan Girai (1604–10 July 1654) — a khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1644–1654.

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Şahin Giray

Şahin Giray, Shahin Khan Girai was the last Khan of Crimea.

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Şahkulu rebellion

The Şahkulu rebellion (9 April 1511 – 2 July 1511) was a widespread pro-Shia and pro-Safavid uprising in Anatolia, directed against the Ottoman Empire, in 1511.

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Şehsuvar Sultan

Şehsuvar Sultan (1682 – 16 April 1756) was the consort (kadinefendi) to the Ottoman Sultan Mustafa II (r. 1695–1703) and Valide Sultan to their son Osman III (r. 1754–1757).

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Şehzade Mosque

The Şehzade Mosque (Şehzade Camii, from the original Persian شاهزاده Šāhzādeh, meaning "prince") is a 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in the district of Fatih, on the third hill of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Şehzade Mustafa

Şehzade Mustafa Muhlisi (1515 – 6 October 1553) was the eldest son of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his consort Mahidevran Sultan.

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Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin

Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin (شہزادہ یوسف عزالدین; 29 September 1857 – 1 February 1916) was an Ottoman prince, the son of Sultan Abdülaziz and his wife Dürrünev Kadın.

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Şeker Ahmed Pasha

Ahmed Ali Pasha (1841 – 5 May 1907), better known as "Şeker" Ahmed Pasha, was an Ottoman painter, soldier and government official.

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Şemsi Pasha

Şemsi Ahmet Pasha also known as Chamsi-Pasha; 1492 – 28 April 1580) was a prominent Ottoman nobleman and statesman of Albanian originDanişmend (1971), p. 25. who occupied numerous high-ranking political posts, serving at different stages as the Ottoman governor of Damascus, Rûm, Sivas, Anatolia and Rumelia, and subsequently succeeding Sokollu Mehmet Pasha as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire in 1579.

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Şemsi Pasha Mosque

The Şemsi Pasha Mosque (Şemsi Paşa Camii, also spelled Chamsi-Pasha) is an Ottoman mosque located in the large and densely populated district of Üsküdar, in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu

Şerafeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468) (Ottoman Turkish: شرف الدّین صابونجی اوغلی) was a medieval Ottoman surgeon and physician.

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Şevkefza Kadın

Şevkefza Kadın (1825 – 17 September 1889; meaning "who cheers up") a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire.

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Balkan Wars

The Balkan Wars (Balkan Savaşları, literally "the Balkan Wars" or Balkan Faciası, meaning "the Balkan Tragedy") consisted of two conflicts that took place in the Balkan Peninsula in 1912 and 1913.

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Baltacı Mehmet Pasha

Baltacı Mehmet Pasha (also called Pakçemüezzin Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, sometimes known just as Baltacı or Baltadji; 1662, Osmancık – July 1712, Lemnos) was an Ottoman statesman who served as grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1704 to 1706, and as Kapudan Pasha (grand admiral of the Ottoman Navy) in 1704.

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Baltadji

The baltacı or baltadji (plural baltacılar, "axemen") corps was a class of palace guards in the Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the early 19th centuries.

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Balyan family

The Balyan family (Western Պալեաններ; Balyan ailesi or Palyan ailesi) was a prominent Ottoman Armenian family of court architects in the service of Ottoman sultans and other members of the Ottoman dynasty during the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Battle of Abaran

The Battle of Bash Abaran (Բաշ Աբարանի ճակատամարտ Bash Abarani chakatamart, Baş-Abaran Muharebesi) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Bash Abaran, in 1918.

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Battle of Abu Tellul

The Battle of Abu Tellul (called the Affair of Abu Tellul by the British Battles Nomenclature Committee) was fought on 14 July 1918 during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I after German and Ottoman Empire forces attacked the British Empire garrison in the Jordan Valley.

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Battle of Abukir (1799)

The Battle of Abukir (or Aboukir or Abu Qir) was a battle in which Napoleon Bonaparte defeated Seid Mustafa Pasha's Ottoman army on July 25, 1799, during the French campaign in Egypt.

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Battle of Al-Safra

Al-Safra Battle, Tusun Pasha's forces with its artillery and equipment moved forward trying to recapture Medina and met with Saud Al-Kabeer forces in a Valley of Al-Safra (the yellow Valley).

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Battle of Alamana

The Battle of Alamana was fought between the Greeks and the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence on April 22, 1821.

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Battle of Albulena

The Battle of Albulena, also known as the Battle of Ujëbardha, was fought on 2 September 1457 between Albanian forces led by Skanderbeg and an Ottoman army under Isak bey Evrenoz and Skanderbeg's nephew, Hamza Kastrioti.

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Battle of Andros (1696)

The Battle of Andros took place on 22 August 1696 southeast of the Greek island of Andros between the fleets of the Republic of Venice and the Papal States under Bartolomeo Contarini on the one side and the Ottoman Navy, under Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha, and allied Barbary forces on the other.

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Battle of Ankara

The Battle of Ankara (or Angora) was fought on 20 July 1402 at the Çubuk plain near Ankara between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur (Tamerlane), ruler of the Timurid Empire.

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Battle of Ardahan

Battle of Ardahan (Ardahan Harekâtı; Битва при Ардагане) between 25 December 1914 to 18 January 1915 was the Ottoman military operation commanded by German Lt.

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Battle of Arpachai

The Battle of Arpachai was a battle on 18 June 1807 on the Akhurian River in Armenia during the Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812).

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Battle of Athos

The naval Battle of Athos (also known as the Battle of Monte Sancto and the Battle of Lemnos) took place from the 19 to 22 June 1807 and was a key naval battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1806–12, part of the Napoleonic Wars).

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Battle of Çıldır

The Battle of Çıldır was fought in 1578 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590).

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Battle of Čegar

The Battle of Čegar (Битка на Чегру/Bitka na Čegru), also known as the Battle of Kamenica (Бој на Каменици/Boj na Kamenici) was a battle of the First Serbian Uprising between the Serbian Revolutionaries and Ottoman forces near the Niš Fortress on 31 May 1809.

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Battle of Şarköy

The Battle of Şarköy or Sarkoy operation (Битка при Шаркьой, Şarköy Çıkarması) took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Baku

The Battle of Baku (Bakı döyüşü, Битва за Баку, Bakü Muharebesi) was a battle in World War I that took place on August–September 1918 between the Ottoman–Azerbaijani coalition forces led by Nuri Pasha and Bolshevik–Dashnak Baku Soviet forces, later succeeded by the British–Armenian–White Russian forces led by Lionel Dunsterville and saw briefly Soviet Russia renter the war.

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Battle of Bapheus

The Battle of BapheusHalil İnalcık, "Osman Gazi'nin İznik Kuşatması ve Bafeus Muhaberesi", Osmanli Beyliği (1300–1389), Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları, 1997, ISBN 978-975-333-067-1, 97p.

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Battle of Basra (1914)

The Battle of Basra was a battle of World War I which took place south of the city of Basra (modern-day Iraq) between British and Ottoman troops from November 11 to November 21, 1914.

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Battle of Beersheba (1917)

The Battle of Beersheba (Birüssebi Muharebesi, Schlacht von Birüssebi)The several battles fought for the Gaza to Beersheba line between 31 October and 7 November were all assigned the title Third Battle of Gaza, although they took place many miles apart, and were fought by different corps.

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Battle of Beirut (1912)

The Battle of Beirut was a naval battle off the coast of Beirut during the Italo-Turkish War.

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Battle of Bileća

The Battle of Bileća was fought in August 1388 between the forces of the Kingdom of Bosnia led by Duke Vlatko Vuković and the Ottoman Turks under the leadership of Lala Şahin Pasha.

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Battle of Bitlis

The Battle of Bitlis refers to a series of engagements in the summer of 1916 for the town of Bitlis and to a lesser extent nearby Moush, between Russian Imperial forces and their Ottoman counterparts.

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Battle of Bizani

The Battle of Bizani (Turkish:Bizani Muharebesi) took place in Epirus on.

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Battle of Breadfield

The Battle of Breadfield (Kenyérmezei csata, Bătălia de la Câmpul Pâinii, Ekmek Otlak Savaşı) was the most tremendous conflict fought in Transylvania up to that time in the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars taking place on October 13, 1479, on the Breadfield Zsibód (Şibot) near the Mureş River.

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Battle of Bulair

The battle of Bulair (Битка при Булаир, Bolayır Muharebesi) took place on 26 January 1913 between the Bulgarian Seventh Rila Infantry Division under General Georgi Todorov and the Ottoman 27th Infantry Division.

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Battle of Buqqar Ridge

The Battle of el Buqqar Ridge took place on 27 October 1917, when one infantry regiment and cavalry troops of the Yildirim Army Group, attacked the 8th Mounted Brigade of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) in the last days of the stalemate in Southern Palestine during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of World War I. The commander of the Yildirim Army Group ordered the reconnaissance in force, which greatly outnumbered the Yeomanry in the mounted brigade, holding the outpost line.

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Battle of Cape Kaliakra

The Battle of Cape Kaliakra was the last naval battle of the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792).

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Battle of Cecora (1620)

The Battle of Cecora (also known as the Battle of Ţuţora/Tsetsora Fields) was a battle between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (aided by rebel Moldavian troops) and Ottoman forces (backed by Nogais), fought from 17 September to 7 October 1620 in Moldavia, near the Prut River.

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Battle of Chaldiran

The Battle of Chaldiran (جنگ چالدران; Çaldıran Muharebesi) took place on 23 August 1514 and ended with a decisive victory for the Ottoman Empire over the Safavid Empire.

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Battle of Chesma

The naval Battle of Chesme took place on 5–7 July 1770 during the Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774) near and in Çeşme (Chesme or Chesma) Bay, in the area between the western tip of Anatolia and the island of Chios, which was the site of a number of past naval battles between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice.

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Battle of Chunuk Bair

The Battle of Chunuk Bair (Conk Bayırı Muharebesi) was a World War I battle fought between the Ottoman defenders and troops of the British Empire over control of the peak in August 1915.

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Battle of Ctesiphon (1915)

The Battle of Ctesiphon (Turkish: Selman-ı Pak Muharebesi) was fought in November 1915 by the British Empire and British India, against the Ottoman Empire, within the Mesopotamian Campaign of World War I. Indian Expeditionary Force D, mostly made up of Indian units and under the command of Gen.

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Battle of Djerba

The Battle of Djerba (Cerbe) took place in May 1560 near the island of Djerba, Tunisia.

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Battle of Dragashani

The Battle of Dragashani (or Battle of Drăgășani) was fought on 19 June 1821 in Drăgășani, Wallachia, between the Ottoman forces of Sultan Mahmud II and the Greek Filiki Etaireia insurgents.

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Battle of Dubravnica

The Battle of Dubravnica was fought in the summer of 1380 or December 1381, on the Dubravnica River near Paraćin in today's central Serbia, between the Serbian forces of Prince Lazar of Serbia led by commanders Vitomir and Crep and the invading Ottoman Turks of Sultan Murad I. The battle was the first historical mention of any Ottoman movements into Prince Lazar's territory.

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Battle of Dujaila

The Battle of Dujaila (Sâbis Muharebesi) was fought on 8 March 1916, between British and Ottoman forces during the First World War.

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Battle of Elli

The Battle of Elli (Ναυμαχία της Έλλης, İmroz Deniz Muharebesi) or the Battle of the Dardanelles took place near the mouth of the Dardanelles on as part of the First Balkan War between the fleets of the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire. It was the largest sea battle of the Balkan Wars.

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Battle of Erzincan

The Battle of Erzincan (Эрзинджанское сражение, Erzincan Muharebesi) was a Russian victory over the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.

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Battle of Es Sinn

The Battle of Es Sinn was a World War I military engagement between Anglo-Indian and Ottoman forces.

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Battle of Eupatoria

The Battle of Eupatoria (Russian: Штурм Евпатории (Storm of Eupatoria), Turkish: Gözleve Muharebesi) was the most important military engagement of the Crimean War on the Crimean theatre in 1855 outside Sevastopol.

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Battle of Focchies

The naval Battle of Focchies took place on 12 May 1649, during the Cretan War, off Focchies near Smyrna in western Turkey. A Venetian fleet of 19 ships, under Giacomo Riva, defeated an Ottoman fleet of 11 ships, 10 galleasses (mahons) and 72 galleys.

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Battle of Focșani

The Battle of Focşani (also Battle of Fokschani or Battle of Focsani; Foksányi csata) was a battle in the Russo-Turkish War (1787–1792) fought on 1 August 1789 between the Ottoman Empire and the alliance of the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy near Focșani, Moldavia (now in Romania).

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Battle of Formentera

The Battle of Formentara occurred on 28 October 1529 when an Ottoman fleet under Aydın Reis routed a small Spanish fleet of eight galleys off the island of Formentera near Ibiza.

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Battle of Grocka

The Battle of Grocka, also known as Battle of Krotzka, (Hisarcık Savaşı) was fought between Austria and the Ottoman Empire on July 21–22, 1739, in Grocka, Belgrade.

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Battle of Gully Ravine

The Battle of Gully Ravine (Zığındere) was a World War I battle fought at Cape Helles on the Gallipoli peninsula.

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Battle of Hanna

The First Battle of Hanna (Turkish: Felahiye Muharebesi) was a World War I battle fought on the Mesopotamian front on 21 January 1916 between Ottoman Army and Anglo-Indian forces.

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Battle of Hill 60 (Gallipoli)

The Battle of Hill 60 was the last major assault of the Gallipoli Campaign.

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Battle of Ihtiman

The Battle of Ihtiman occurred in 1355 between Bulgarians and Ottomans and resulted in an Bulgarian victory.

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Battle of Imbros (1717)

The Battle of Imbros was a naval clash that took place on 12, 13 and 16 June 1717 near Imbros in the Aegean Sea, between the sailing fleets of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Jeddah (1813)

The Battle of Jeddah (Cidde Muharebesi) was fought in 1813 at the west Arabian port of Jeddah as part of the Ottoman–Saudi War.

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Battle of Jerusalem

The Battle of Jerusalem occurred during the British Empire's "Jerusalem Operations" against the Ottoman Empire, when fighting for the city developed from 17 November, continuing after the surrender until 30 December 1917, to secure the final objective of the Southern Palestine Offensive during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Before Jerusalem could be secured, two battles were recognised by the British as being fought in the Judean Hills to the north and east of the Hebron–Junction Station line.

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Battle of Kagul

The Battle of Kagul (Сражение при Кагуле, Turkish language:Kartal Ovasi Muharebesi) was the most important land battle of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774 and one of the largest battles of the 18th century.

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Battle of Kaliakra (1912)

The Battle of Kaliakra, usually known as the Attack of the Drazki (Атаката на Дръзки) in Bulgaria, was a maritime action between four Bulgarian torpedo boats and the Ottoman cruiser Hamidiye in the Black Sea.

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Battle of Kamatero

The Battle of Kamatero was an armed conflict during the Greek revolution between the Greek forces under the command of the Greek ex officer of the French army, Colonel Denis BourbakiFinlay, pp.

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Battle of Kara Killisse (1915)

The Battle of Kara Killisse (Lit. Black church, Turkish: Karakilise Muharebesi), also known as the Battle of Malazgirt, was a battle on the Caucasus front in July 1915 after the Battle of Manzikert.

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Battle of Karakilisa

The Battle of Karakilisa (Ղարաքիլիսայի ճակատամարտ Gharakilisayi chakatamart, Karakilise Muharebesi or Karakilise Muharebeleri) was a battle of Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place in the vicinity of Karakilisa (now Vanadzor), on May 25-28, 1918.

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Battle of Kardzhali

The Battle of Kircaali or Battle of Kardzhali was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Kızıl Tepe

The Battle of Kizil-tepe (Turkish: Kızıltepe Muharebresi) was fought on June 25, 1877, between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Keresztes

The Battle of Keresztes (Also known as the Battle of Mezőkeresztes) (Haçova Muharebesi) took place on 24–26 October 1596.

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Battle of Khotyn (1621)

The Battle of Khotyn or Battle of Chocim or Hotin War (in Turkish: Hotin Muharebesi) was a combined siege and series of battles which took place between 2 September and 9 October 1621 between a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth army and an invading Ottoman Imperial army.

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Battle of Khotyn (1673)

The Battle of Khotyn or Battle of Chocim or Hotin War was a battle held on 11 November 1673, where Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces under hetman John Sobieski defeated Ottoman Empire forces under Hussain Pasha.

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Battle of Kirk Kilisse

The Battle of Kirk Kilisse or Battle of Kirkkilise or Battle of Lozengrad was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Konya

The Battle of Konya was fought on December 21, 1832, between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, just outside the city of Konya in modern-day Turkey.

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Battle of Kosovo

The Battle of Kosovo took place on 15 June 1389 between an army led by the Serbian Prince Lazar Hrebeljanović and an invading army of the Ottoman Empire under the command of Sultan Murad Hüdavendigâr.

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Battle of Kosovo (1448)

The Second Battle of Kosovo (Hungarian: második rigómezei csata, Turkish: İkinci Kosova Savaşı) (17–20 October 1448) was a land battle between a Hungarian-led Crusader army and the Ottoman Empire at Kosovo Polje.

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Battle of Krbava Field

The Battle of Krbava Field (Bitka na Krbavskom polju, Korbávmezei csata, Krbava Muharebesi) was fought between the Ottoman Empire of Bayezid II and an army of the Kingdom of Croatia, at the time in personal union with the Kingdom of Hungary, on 9 September 1493, in the Krbava field, a part of the Lika region in Croatia.

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Battle of Krithia Vineyard

The Battle of Krithia Vineyard (6–13 August 1915) was fought during the Gallipoli Campaign during the First World War.

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Battle of Kulevicha

The Battle of Kulevicha, also known as the Battle of Kulewtscha, was fought during the Russo-Turkish War, 1828-1829 on 11 June 1829 between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Kumanovo

The Battle of Kumanovo (Кумановска битка/Kumanovska bitka, Kumanova Muharebesi) on 23–24 October 1912 was a major battle of the First Balkan War.

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Battle of Kurekdere

The Battle of Kurekdere took place in 1854 as part of the Crimean War.

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Battle of Larga

The Battle of Larga was fought between 65,000 Crimean Tatars cavalry and 15,000 Ottoman infantry under Kaplan Girey against 38,000 Russians under Field-Marshal Rumyantsev on the banks of the Larga River, a tributary of the Prut River, in Moldavia (now in Moldova), for eight hours on 7 July 1770.

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Battle of Lemnos (1913)

The Battle of Lemnos (Ναυμαχία της Λήμνου, Mondros Deniz Muharebesi), fought on, was a naval battle during the First Balkan War, which defeated the second and last attempt of the Ottoman Empire to break the Greek naval blockade of the Dardanelles and reclaim supremacy over the Aegean Sea from Greece.

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Battle of Lepanto

The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, of which the Venetian Empire and the Spanish Empire were the main powers, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras, where Ottoman forces sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) met the fleet of the Holy League sailing east from Messina, Sicily.

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Battle of Lone Pine

The Battle of Lone Pine (also known as the Battle of Kanlı Sırt) was fought between Australian and Ottoman Empire forces during the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War, between 6 and 10 August 1915.

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Battle of Lule Burgas

The Battle of Lule Burgas (Lüleburgaz Muharebesi) or Battle of Luleburgas – Bunarhisar (Битка при Люлебургас – Бунархисар, Lüleburgaz – Pınarhisar Muharebesi) was a battle between the Kingdom of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Magdhaba

The Battle of Magdhaba (officially known by the British as the Affair of Magdhaba) took place on 23 December 1916 during the Defence of Egypt section of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.

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Battle of Manzikert (1915)

The Battle of Manzikert or Battle of Malazgirt (Битва при Манцикерте Vytva pri Mantsikerte;Turkish: Malazgirt Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I, in July 10–26, 1915.

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Battle of Maritsa

The Battle of Maritsa, or Battle of Chernomen (Маричка битка, бој код Черномена, Битката при Марица, битката при Черномен, Çirmen Muharebesi, İkinci Meriç Muharebesi in tr. Second Battle of Maritsa) took place at the Maritsa River near the village of Chernomen (today Ormenio in Greece) on September 26, 1371 between the forces of Ottoman commanders Lala Shahin Pasha and Evrenos and Serbian commanders King Vukašin Mrnjavčević and his brother Despot Jovan Uglješa who also wanted to get revenge after the First Battle of Maritsa.

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Battle of Marj Dabiq

The Battle of Marj Dābiq (مرج دابق, meaning "the meadow of Dābiq"; Mercidabık Muharebesi) was a decisive military engagement in Middle Eastern history, fought on 24 August 1516, near the town of Dabiq, 44 km north of Aleppo (modern Syria).

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Battle of Matapan

The naval Battle of Matapan took place on 19 July 1717 off the Cape Matapan, on the coast of the Mani Peninsula in southern Greece, between the Armada Grossa of the Republic of Venice, supported by a mixed squadron of allied ships from Portugal, the Papal States and Malta, and the Ottoman fleet, under Kapudan Pasha Eğribozlu İbrahim Pasha.

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Battle of Megiddo (1918)

The Battle of Megiddo (Megiddo Muharebesi) also known in Turkish as the Nablus Hezimeti ("Rout of Nablus"), or the Nablus Yarması ("Breakthrough at Nablus") was fought between 19 and 25 September 1918, on the Plain of Sharon, in front of Tulkarm, Tabsor and Arara in the Judean Hills as well as on the Esdralon Plain at Nazareth, Afulah, Beisan, Jenin and Samakh.

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Battle of Merhamli

The Battle of Merhamli was part of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire which took place on 14/27 November 1912.

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Battle of Modon

Battle of Modon can refer to one of the following engagements that took place at Methoni, Messenia (medieval Modon).

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Battle of Mohács

The Battle of Mohács (Mohácsi csata, Mohaç Meydan Muharebesi) was one of the most consequential battles in Central European history.

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Battle of Mohács (1687)

The Second Battle of Mohács, also known as the Battle of Harsány Mountain, was fought on 12 August 1687 between the forces of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV, commanded by the Grand-Vizier Sari Süleyman Paşa, and the forces of Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I, commanded by Charles of Lorraine.

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Battle of Monastir

The Battle of Monastir took place near the town of Bitola, Macedonia (then known as Monastir) during the First Balkan War, from 16 to 19 November 1912.

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Battle of Mughar Ridge

The Battle of Mughar Ridge, officially known by the British as the Action of El Mughar, took place on 13 November 1917 during the Pursuit phase of the Southern Palestine Offensive of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.

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Battle of Navarino

The Battle of Navarino was a naval battle fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821–32), in Navarino Bay (modern Pylos), on the west coast of the Peloponnese peninsula, in the Ionian Sea.

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Battle of Nezib

The Battle of Nezib or Battle of Nisib or Battle of Nizib (present-day Nizip) was fought on 24 June 1839 between Egypt and the Ottoman Empire.

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Battle of Nicopolis

The Battle of Nicopolis (Битка при Никопол, Bitka pri Nikopol; Niğbolu Savaşı, Nikápolyi csata, Bătălia de la Nicopole) took place on 25 September 1396 and resulted in the rout of an allied crusader army of Hungarian, Croatian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, French, English, Burgundian, German and assorted troops (assisted by the Venetian navy) at the hands of an Ottoman force, raising of the siege of the Danubian fortress of Nicopolis and leading to the end of the Second Bulgarian Empire. It is often referred to as the Crusade of Nicopolis as it was one of the last large-scale Crusades of the Middle Ages, together with the Crusade of Varna in 1443–1444.

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Battle of Oltenița

The Battle of Oltenița (or Oltenitza) was fought on 4 November 1853 and was the first engagement of the Crimean War.

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Battle of Otlukbeli

The Battle of Otlukbeli or Otluk Beli was a battle between Ak Koyunlu and the Ottoman Empire that was fought on August 11, 1473.

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Battle of Pelekanon

The Battle of Pelekanon, also known by its Latinised form Battle of Pelecanum, occurred on June 10–11, 1329 between an expeditionary force by the Byzantines led by Andronicus III and an Ottoman army led by Orhan I. The Byzantine army was defeated, with no further attempt made at relieving the cities in Anatolia under Ottoman siege.

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Battle of Pente Pigadia

The Battle of Pente Pigadia or Battle of Beshpinar (Μάχη των Πέντε Πηγαδιών, Beşpınar Muharebesi) was fought during the First Balkan War between the Ottomans and the Kingdom of Greece.

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Battle of Petrovaradin

The Battle of Petrovaradin or Peterwardein was a decisive victory for the Imperial Army of the Holy Roman Emperor in the war between the Archduchy of Austria of the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire (1716–1718), at Petrovaradin (then part of Military Frontier, Archduchy of Austria; today part of Novi Sad, Vojvodina, Serbia).

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Battle of Ponza (1552)

The Battle of Ponza (1552) was a naval battle that occurred near the Italian island of Ponza.

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Battle of Preveza

The Battle of Preveza was a naval battle that took place on 28 September 1538 near Preveza in northwestern Greece between an Ottoman fleet and that of a Christian alliance assembled by Pope Paul III in which the Ottoman fleet defeated the allies.

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Battle of Prilep

The Battle of Prilep or Battle of Pirlepe in the First Balkan War took place on November 3, 1912.

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Battle of Qurna

The Battle of Qurna, (3 to 9 December 1914) was between British forces and Ottoman forces that had retreated from Basra, which they lost at the Battle of Basra (1914) during the Mesopotamian campaign of World War I.

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Battle of Rafa

The Battle of Rafa, also known as the Action of Rafah, fought on 9 January 1917, was the third and final battle to complete the recapture of the Sinai Peninsula by British forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Ridaniya

The Battle of Ridaniya or Battle of Ridanieh (Ridaniye Muharebesi; معركة الريدانية) was fought on January 22, 1517, in Egypt.

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Battle of Romani

The Battle of Romani was the last ground attack of the Central Powers on the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the First World War.

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Battle of Rovine

The Battle of Rovine took place on 17 May 1395.

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Battle of Rymnik

The Battle of Râmnic (Boze Savaşı) on September 22, 1789 took place in Wallachia, near Râmnicu Sărat (now in Romania), during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792.

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Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)

The Battle of Saint Gotthard (Szentgotthárdi csata; Saint Gotthard Muharebesi; Schlacht bei Mogersdorf and Schlacht bei St.; Bataille de Saint-Gothard) was fought on August 1, 1664 as part of the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664), between an Habsburg army led by Raimondo Montecuccoli, Jean de Coligny-Saligny, Wolfgang Julius, Count of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Prince Leopold of Baden, Georg Friedrich of Waldeck and an Ottoman army under the command of Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Paşa.

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Battle of Sarantaporo

The Battle of Sarantaporo, variously also transliterated as Sarantaporon or Sarandaporon (Μάχη του Σαρανταπόρου) took place on October 9–10 (O.S.), 1912.

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Battle of Sardarabad

The Battle of Sardarabad (Սարդարապատի ճակատամարտ, Sardarapati č̣akatamart; Serdarabad Muharebesi) was a battle of the Caucasus Campaign of World War I that took place near Sardarabad, Armenia from 22 to 29 May 1918, between the regular Armenian military units and militia on one side and the Ottoman army that had invaded Eastern Armenia on the other. Sardarabad was only 40 kilometers west of the city of Yerevan. The battle is currently seen as not only stopping the Ottoman advance into the rest of Armenia, but also preventing complete destruction of the Armenian nation. In the words of Christopher J. Walker, had the Armenians lost this battle, "t is perfectly possible that the word Armenia would have henceforth denoted only an antique geographical term.".

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Battle of Sari Bair

The Battle of Sari Bair (Sarı Bayır Harekâtı), also known as the August Offensive (Ağustos Taarruzları), was the final attempt made by the British in August 1915 to seize control of the Gallipoli peninsula from the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.

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Battle of Sarikamish

The Battle of Sarikamish (Սարիղամիշի ճակատամարտ (Sarighamishi chakatamart), Сражение при Сарыкамыше; Sarıkamış Harekatı) was an engagement between the Russian and Ottoman empires during World War I. It took place from December 22, 1914, to January 17, 1915, as part of the Caucasus Campaign.

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Battle of Savra

The Battle of Savra (Beteja e Savrës, Битка на Саурском пољу, Savra Muharebesi; "Battle on the Saurian field") or the Battle of the Vjosë was fought on 18 September 1385 between Ottoman and much smaller Zetan forces, at the Savra field near Lushnjë (in modern-day southern Albania).

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Battle of Scimitar Hill

The Battle of Scimitar Hill (Turkish: Yusufçuk Tepe Muharebesi, literally: Batte of the Dragonfly Hill) was the last offensive mounted by the British at Suvla during the Battle of Gallipoli in World War I. It was also the largest single-day attack ever mounted by the Allies at Gallipoli, involving three divisions.

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Battle of Sharqat

The Battle of Sharqat (October 23–30, 1918) was fought between the British and the Ottoman Empire in the Mesopotamian Campaign in World War I, which became the last conflict in the between the belligerents before of the signing of the Armistice of Mudros.

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Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad

The Battle of Sheikh Sa'ad (Turkish: Sağ Sahil) occurred between 6–8 January 1916 during the Mesopotamian Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Shipka Pass

The Battle of Shipka Pass consisted of four battles that were fought between the Russian Empire, aided by Bulgarian volunteers known as Opalchentsi, and the Ottoman Empire for control over the vital Shipka Pass during the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878).

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Battle of Sinop

The Battle of Sinop, or the Battle of Sinope, was a Russian naval victory over the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War that took place on 30 November 1853 at Sinop, a sea port in northern Anatolia, when a squadron of Imperial Russian warships struck and defeated a squadron of Ottoman ships anchored in the harbor.

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Battle of Sisak

The Battle of Sisak (Bitka kod Siska; Bitka pri Sisku; Schlacht bei Sissek; Kulpa Bozgunu) was fought on 22 June 1593 between Ottoman regional forces of Telli Hasan Pasha, a notable commander (Beglerbeg) of the Eyalet of Bosnia, and a combined Christian army from the Habsburg lands, mainly Kingdom of Croatia and Inner Austria.

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Battle of Slankamen

The Battle of Slankamen (also Battle of Szlankamen in some sources) was fought near Slankamen in the Ottoman Sanjak of Syrmia (modern-day Vojvodina region, Serbia) on August 19, 1691, between the Ottoman Empire, and the Imperial Army, the personal forces of the Holy Roman Emperor, together with the Reichsarmee of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation and Austrian-Croatian-Serbian combined forces under the command of Louis William, Margrave of Baden-Baden, as part of the Great Turkish War.

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Battle of Sokhoista

The Battle of Sokhoista (სოხოისტის ბრძოლა, Sohoista Savaşı) was fought between the Ottoman and Georgian armies at the Sokhoista field in what is now northeastern Turkey in 1545.

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Battle of Sorovich

The Battle of Sorovich (Μάχη του Σόροβιτς, Soroviç Muharebesi) took place between 22–24 October 1912 (O.S.), during the First Balkan War.

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Battle of Stavuchany

The Battle of Stavuchany was a battle between the Russian and Ottoman armies, which took place on August 17(28) of 1739 during the Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739.

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Battle of Tashkessen

The Battle of Tashkessen or Battle of Tashkesan (Turkish: Taşkesen Muharebesi) was a battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

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Battle of the Dardanelles (1654)

This battle, which took place on 16 May 1654, was the first of a series of tough battles just inside the mouth of the Dardanelles Strait, as Venice and sometimes the other Christian forces attempted to hold the Turks back from their invasion of Crete by attacking them early.

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Battle of the Dardanelles (1655)

This battle took place on 21 June 1655 inside the mouth of the Dardanelles Strait.

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Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)

The Third Battle of the Dardanelles in the Sixth Ottoman-Venetian War took place on 26 and 27 June 1656 inside the Dardanelles Strait.

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Battle of the Dardanelles (1657)

The Fourth Battle of the Dardanelles in the Fifth Ottoman-Venetian War took place between 17 and 19 July 1657 outside the mouth of the Dardanelles Strait.

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Battle of the Nek

The Battle of the Nek (Kılıçbayır Muharebesi) was a small World War I battle fought as part of the Gallipoli campaign.

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Battle of the Oinousses Islands

The twin battles of the Oinousses comprised two separate actions, on 9 and 19 February 1695 near the Oinousses Islands (Turkish: Koyun Adaları), off Cape Karaburun in western Anatolia, between a Venetian fleet under Antonio Zeno and the Ottoman fleet under Mezzo Morto Hüseyin.

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Battle of the Pyramids

The Battle of the Pyramids, also known as the Battle of Embabeh, was a major engagement fought on July 21, 1798 during the French Invasion of Egypt.

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Battle of Tobruk (1911)

Battle of Tobruk (1911) or Nadura Hill Battle was a small engagement in the Italo-Turkish War.

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Battle of Torches

The Battle of Torches (Meşaleler Savaşı) was fought in 1583 during the Ottoman–Safavid War (1578–1590).

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Battle of Valea Albă

The Battle of Valea Albă or Battle of Războieni or Battle of Akdere was an important event in the medieval history of Moldavia.

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Battle of Varna

The Battle of Varna took place on 10 November 1444 near Varna in eastern Bulgaria.

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Battle of Vaslui

The Battle of Vaslui (also referred to as the Battle of Podul Înalt or the Battle of Racova) was fought on 10 January 1475, between Stephen III of Moldavia and the Ottoman governor of Rumelia, Hadım Suleiman Pasha.

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Battle of Vienna

The Battle of Vienna (Schlacht am Kahlen Berge or Kahlenberg; bitwa pod Wiedniem or odsiecz wiedeńska (The Relief of Vienna); Modern Turkish: İkinci Viyana Kuşatması, Ottoman Turkish: Beç Ḳalʿası Muḥāṣarası) took place at Kahlenberg Mountain near Vienna on 1683 after the imperial city had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months.

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Battle of Wadi (1916)

The Battle of Wadi, occurring on 13 January 1916, was an unsuccessful attempt by British forces fighting in Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq) during World War I to relieve beleaguered forces under Sir Charles Townshend then under siege by the Ottoman Sixth Army at Kut-al-Amara.

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Battle of Yaunis Khan

The Battle of Yaunis Khan (Han Yunus Muharebesi) was fought on October 28, 1516 between the Ottoman Empire and the Mamluk Sultanate.

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Battle of Yenidje

The Battle of Yenidje or Yenice or Battle of Giannitsa, was a battle between the Greek Army and the Ottoman Army on October 19–20 1912, during the First Balkan War.

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Battle of Zenta

The Battle of Zenta or Battle of Senta, fought on 11 September 1697 just south of Zenta (Serbian: Senta; then part of the Ottoman Empire; today in Serbia), on the east side of the Tisa river, was a major engagement in the Great Turkish War (1683–1699) and one of the most decisive defeats in Ottoman history.

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Battle of Zonchio

The naval Battle of Zonchio (Sapienza Deniz Muharebesi, also known as the Battle of Sapienza or the First Battle of Lepanto) took place on four separate days: 12, 20, 22 and 25 August 1499.

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Battles of Ramadi (1917)

The two Battles of Ramadi were fought between the forces of the British and Ottoman Empires in July and September 1917 during World War I. The two sides contested the town of Ramadi in central Iraq, about 100 km (62 miles) west of Baghdad on the south bank of the Euphrates River, where an important Ottoman garrison was quartered.

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Bayezid I

Bayezid I (بايزيد اول; I. (nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman Turkish: یلدیرم), "Lightning, Thunderbolt"); 1360 – 8 March 1403) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1389 to 1402.

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Bayezid II

Bayezid II (3 December 1447 – 26 May 1512) (Ottoman Turkish: بايزيد ثانى Bāyezīd-i s̱ānī, Turkish: II. Bayezid or II. Beyazıt) was the eldest son and successor of Mehmed II, ruling as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1481 to 1512.

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Bayezid II Mosque

The Bayezid II Mosque (Beyazıt Camii, Bayezid Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Beyazıt Square area of Istanbul, Turkey, near the ruins of the Forum of Theodosius of ancient Constantinople.

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Bâkî

Bâḳî (باقى) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: مخلص mahlas) of the Ottoman Turkish poet Mahmud Abdülbâkî (محمود عبدالباقى) (1526 – 1600).

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Bergmann Offensive

The Bergmann Offensive (Bergmann Atağı; Берхманнский прорыв; in Russian literature Кёприкейская операция, "Köprüköy operation") was the first engagement of the Caucasus Campaign during World War I. General Georgy Bergmann, commander of I Caucasian Army Corps, took the initiative against the Ottoman Empire.

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Beylerbey

Beylerbey or Beylerbeyi (بكلربكی; "Bey of Beys", meaning "the Commander of Commanders" or "the Lord of Lords"; originally Beglerbeg in older Turkic) was a high rank in the western Islamic world in the late Middle Ages and early modern period, from the Seljuks of Rum and the Ilkhanids to Safavid Persia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Beylerbeyi Palace

The Beylerbeyi Palace (Beylerbeyi Sarayı), Beylerbeyi meaning "Lord of Lords", is located in the Beylerbeyi neighbourhood of Üsküdar district in Istanbul, Turkey at the Asian side of the Bosphorus.

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Bezmiâlem Sultan

Bezmiâlem Sultan (fully Devletlu İsmetlu Bezmiâlem Valide Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-Şân Hazretleri; 1807 – 2 May 1853) (Bezm-î Âlem or Bazim-î Âlam, meaning "feast of the world") was the second wife of Ottoman Sultan Mahmut II, and the mother of Sultan Abdülmecit I of the Ottoman Empire.

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Bostandji

Bostandji and Bostangi (from bostancı, literally "gardener" Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. Merriam-Webster. 2002.), was one of the imperial guards of the Ottoman Empire.

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Buhurizade Mustafa Itri

Mustafa Itri, more commonly known as Buhurizade Mustafa Itri, or just simply Itri (1640 - 1712) was an Ottoman-Turkish musician, composer, singer and poet.

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Byzantine–Ottoman wars

The Byzantine–Ottoman wars were a series of decisive conflicts between the Ottoman Turks and Byzantines that led to the final destruction of the Byzantine Empire and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.

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Caucasus Campaign

The Caucasus Campaign comprised armed conflicts between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire, later including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, the German Empire, the Central Caspian Dictatorship and the British Empire as part of the Middle Eastern theatre during World War I. The Caucasus Campaign extended from the South Caucasus to the Armenian Highlands region, reaching as far as Trabzon, Bitlis, Mush and Van.

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Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha

Cığalazade Yusuf Sinan Pasha (also known as Cağaloğlu Yusuf Sinan Pasha; 1545–1605), his epithet meaning "son of Cicala", was an Ottoman Italian statesman who held the office of Grand Vizier for forty days between 27 October to 5 December 1596, during the reign of Mehmed III.

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Celali rebellions

The Celali rebellions (Celalî ayaklanmaları), were a series of rebellions in Anatolia of irregular troops led by bandit chiefs and provincial officials known as celalî, against the authority of the Ottoman Empire in the late 16th and early to mid-17th centuries.

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Cemil Bey

Tamburi Cemil Bey or Tanburi Cemil Bey (Tambouri Djemil Bey), (1873, Istanbul – July 28, 1916, Istanbul) was an Ottoman tambur, yaylı tambur, kemençe, and lavta virtuoso and composer, who has greatly contributed to the taksim (improvisation on a makam/maqam) genre in Ottoman classical music.

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Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha

Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha or Hasan Pasha of Algiers (1713 – 19 March 1790) was an Ottoman Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) (1770–90), Grand Vizier (1790), and general in the late 18th century.

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Charter of Alliance

The Charter of Alliance (Sened-i İttifak), also known as Deed of Agreement was a treaty between the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire and a number of powerful local rulers signed in 1808, in an attempt to regulate their power and relations with the central Ottoman government.

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Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire

The Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire (Klasik Çağ) concerns the history of the Ottoman Empire from the Conquest of Constantinople in 1453 until the second half of the sixteenth century, roughly the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent (r. 1520-1566).

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Convention of Kütahya

The Convention of Kütahya, also known as the Peace Agreement of Kütahya, ended the Egyptian–Ottoman War (1831–1833) in May 1833.

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Convention of London (1840)

The Convention of London of 1840 was a treaty with the title of Convention for the Pacification of the Levant, signed on 15 July 1840 between the Great Powers of United Kingdom, Austria, Prussia, Russia on one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other.

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Convention of Scutari

The Convention of ScutariErik Goldstein, Wars and Peace Treaties: 1816 to 1991, Routledge, 1992,, (Modern Turkish: İşkodra Barışı) was a treaty signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Principality of Montenegro on 31 August 1862.

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Cretan War (1645–1669)

The Cretan War (Κρητικός Πόλεμος, Girit'in Fethi) or War of Candia (Guerra di Candia, Kandijski rat), is the name given to the Fifth Ottoman–Venetian War, a conflict between the Republic of Venice and her allies (chief among them the Knights of Malta, the Papal States and France) against the Ottoman Empire and the Barbary States, because it was largely fought over the island of Crete, Venice's largest and richest overseas possession.

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Croatian–Ottoman wars

Croatian–Ottoman Wars (Osmanlı-Hırvatistan Savaşları, Hrvatsko-osmanski ratovi) can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Kingdom of Croatia (in Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia and in Habsburg Monarchy) and the Ottoman Empire.

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Culture of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman culture evolved over several centuries as the ruling administration of the Turks absorbed, adapted and modified the cultures of conquered lands and their peoples.

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Cyprus Convention

The Cyprus Convention of 4 June 1878 was a secret agreement reached between the United Kingdom and the Ottoman Empire which granted control of Cyprus to Great Britain in exchange for its support of the Ottomans during the Congress of Berlin.

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Dadaloğlu

Dadaloğlu (Veli) (1785 ?-1868 ?) was a Turkish Ottoman bard (Turkish "ozan"), a folk poet.

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Damat Ferid Pasha

Damat Mehmed Adil Ferid Pasha (محمد عادل فريد پاشا Damat Ferit Paşa;‎ 1853 – 6 October 1923), known simply as Damat Ferid Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman, who held the office of Grand Vizier, the de facto prime minister of the Ottoman Empire, during two periods under the reign of the last Ottoman Sultan Mehmed VI, the first time between 4 March 1919 and 2 October 1919 and the second time between 5 April 1920 and 21 October 1920.

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Damat Ibrahim Pasha

Damat Ibrahim Pasha (Damat İbrahim Paşa, Damat Ibrahim-paša, Croatian: Damat Ibrahim-paša; 1517–1601) was an Ottoman military commander and statesman who held the office of grand vizier three times (the first time from 4 April to 27 October 1596; the second time from 5 December 1596 to 3 November 1597; and for the third and last time, from 6 January 1599 to 10 July 1601.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He is known as the conqueror of Kanije. He is also called with the title damat ("bridegroom"), because he was a bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty by marrying Ayşe, one of the sultan's daughters. He is not to be confused with either Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha, illustrious grand vizier of Suleiman the Magnificent, another devşirme and "Damat" to the Ottoman court, or with Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, who held office in early 18th century during the Tulip Era in the Ottoman Empire.

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Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire

Beginning from the late eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire faced challenges defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation.

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Demographics of the Ottoman Empire

This article is about the demographics of the Ottoman Empire, including population density, ethnicity, education level, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Devlet Hatun

Devlet Hatun (full name Tâcü'l-havatin Devlet Hâtun bint-i Abdullah; died 23 January 1414) was the twelfth wife of Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and the mother of Mehmed I.

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Devlet I Giray

Devlet I Giray, Dolat Girai (Taht Alğan Devlet Geray, تخت آلغان دولت كراى&lrm) (1512–1577) was a khan of the Crimean Khanate during whose long reign (1551–1577) the khanate rose to the pinnacle of its power.

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Devlet II Giray

Devlet II Giray (1648 – 1718) was Crimean Khan in 1699–1702 and 1709–1713.

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Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

The period of the defeat and end of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) began with the Second Constitutional Era with the Young Turk Revolution.

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Djemal Pasha

Ahmed Djemal Pasha (احمد جمال پاشا, Ahmet Cemal Paşa; 6 May 1872 – 21 July 1922), commonly known as Cemal Paşa in Turkey, and Jamal Basha or Jamal Basha Al-Saffah (Jamal Basha the Bloodthirsty) in the Arab world, was an Ottoman military leader and one-third of the military triumvirate known as the Three Pashas (also called the "Three Dictators") that ruled the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Djemal was the Minister of the Navy.

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Dolmabahçe Mosque

The Dolmabahçe Mosque is a mosque in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Dolmabahçe Palace

Dolmabahçe Palace (Dolmabahçe Sarayı) located in the Beşiktaş district of Istanbul, Turkey, on the European coast of the Bosphorus, served as the main administrative center of the Ottoman Empire from 1856 to 1887 and 1909 to 1922 (Yıldız Palace was used in the interim).

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Dragut

Dragut (Turgut Reis; 1485 – 23 June 1565), known as "The Drawn Sword of Islam", was a famed, respected, and feared Muslim Ottoman Naval Commander of Greek descent.

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Economic history of the Ottoman Empire

Economic history of the Ottoman Empire covers the period 1299–1923.

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Edhem Pasha

Edhem Pasha (1851–1909) was an Ottoman field marshal and leading figure in the propagation of the Ottoman military doctrine.

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Edirne event

The Edirne Event (script) was a janissary revolt that began in Constantinople in 1703.

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Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan

Emetullah Rabia Gülnuş Sultan (کلنوش سلطان; 1642 – 6 November 1715) was Haseki Sultan of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed IV and Valide Sultan to their sons Mustafa II and Ahmed III.

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Emine Hatun

Emine Hatun (امینہ خاتون) was the principal consort of Sultan Mehmed I of the Ottoman Empire.

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Enderûn

Enderûn (اندرون, from Persian andarûn, "inside") was the term used in the Ottoman Empire to designate the "Interior Service" of the Imperial Court, concerned with the private service of the Ottoman Sultans, as opposed to the state-administrative "Exterior Service" (Birûn).

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Enver Pasha

Ismail Enver Pasha (اسماعیل انور پاشا; İsmail Enver Paşa; 22 November 1881 – 4 August 1922) was an Ottoman military officer and a leader of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution.

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Erzurum Offensive

The Erzurum Offensive (Эрзурумское сражение Erzurumskoe srazhenie;Turkish: Erzurum Taarruzu) or Battle of Erzurum (Turkish: Erzurum Muharebesi) was a major winter offensive by the Imperial Russian Army on the Caucasus Campaign, during the First World War, that led to the capture of the strategic city of Erzurum.

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Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)

Esma Sultan (17 July 1778 – 4 June 1848) was an Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Abdul Hamid I, sister of Sultan Mustafa IV and Sultan Mahmud II.

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Esma Sultan Mansion

The Esma Sultan Mansion (Esma Sultan Yalısı), a historical yalı (waterside mansion) located at Bosphorus in Ortaköy neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey and named after its original owner Esma Sultan, is used today as a cultural center after being redeveloped.

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Evliya Çelebi

Mehmed Zilli (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (اوليا چلبى), was an Ottoman explorer who travelled through the territory of the Ottoman Empire and neighboring lands over a period of forty years, recording his commentary in a travelogue called the Seyahatname ("Book of Travel").

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Evrenos

Evrenos or Evrenuz (Gazi Hadji Evrenos Bey; died 17 November 1417 in Yenice-i Vardar) was an Ottoman military commander, with an unlikely long-lived career and lifetime.

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Expedition of Dramali

The Expedition of Dramali also known as Dramali's campaign, or Dramali's expedition, was an Ottoman military campaign led by Mahmud Dramali Pasha during the Greek War of Independence in the summer of 1822.

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Eyüp Sultan Mosque

The Eyüp Sultan Mosque (Eyüp Sultan Camii) is situated in the Eyüp district of Istanbul, outside the city walls near the Golden Horn.

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Fall of Baghdad (1917)

The Fall of Baghdad (11 March 1917) occurred during the Mesopotamia Campaign, fought between the forces of the British Empire and the Ottoman Turkish Empire in the First World War.

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Fao Landing

The Fao Landing occurred from November 6, 1914 to November 8, 1914 with British forces attacking the Ottoman stronghold of Fao and its fortress.

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Fatih Mosque, Istanbul

The Fatih Mosque (Fatih Camii, "Conqueror's Mosque" in English) is an Ottoman mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Fehime Sultan

Fehime Sultan (2 August 1875 – 15 September 1929) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Sultan Murad V and his wife Meyliservet Kadın, an ethnic Circassian.

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First Battle of Gaza

The First Battle of Gaza was fought on 26 March 1917, during the first attempt by the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) to invade the south of Palestine in the Ottoman Empire during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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First Battle of Krithia

The First Battle of Krithia was the first Allied attempt to advance in the Battle of Gallipoli during the First World War.

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First Constitutional Era

The First Constitutional Era (مشروطيت; Birinci Meşrutiyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire was the period of constitutional monarchy from the promulgation of the Kanûn-ı Esâsî (meaning Basic Law or Fundamental Law in Ottoman Turkish), written by members of the Young Ottomans, on 23 November 1876 until 13 February 1878.

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Firuz Agha Mosque

The Firuz Ağa Mosque (Firuz Ağa Camii) is a 15th-century Ottoman mosque in the Fatih district of Istanbul, Turkey.

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French campaign in Egypt and Syria

The French Campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria, proclaimed to defend French trade interests, weaken Britain's access to British India, and to establish scientific enterprise in the region.

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Fuzûlî

Fużūlī (Füzuli فضولی, c. 1494 – 1556) was the pen name of the Azerbaijani of the Bayat tribes of Oghuz poet, writer and thinker Muhammad bin Suleyman (Məhəmməd Ben Süleyman محمد بن سليمان).

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Gallipoli Campaign

The Gallipoli Campaign, also known as the Dardanelles Campaign, the Battle of Gallipoli, or the Battle of Çanakkale (Çanakkale Savaşı), was a campaign of the First World War that took place on the Gallipoli peninsula (Gelibolu in modern Turkey) in the Ottoman Empire between 17 February 1915 and 9 January 1916.

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Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque

The Gazi Atik Ali Pasha Mosque (Gazi Atik Ali Paşa Camii) is an old Ottoman mosque located in the Çemberlitaş neighbourhood of the Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Gazi Hüseyin Pasha

Gazi Hüseyin Pasha ("Hüseyin Pasha the Warrior"; died 1659), also known as Deli Hüseyin Pasha ("the Mad") or Sarı Hüseyin Pasha ("the Blonde") or Baltaoğlu Hüseyin Pasha ("of the Axe"), was an Ottoman military officer and statesman.

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Gülçiçek Hatun

Gülçiçek Hatun (گلچیچک خاتون; Γκιουλτσιτσέκ Χατούν, Gülçiçek meaning Rose blossom) was the first wife of Ottoman Sultan Murad I and Valide Hatun to their son Bayezid I.

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Gülüstü Hanım

Gülüstü Hanım; (1831 – 1861; کلستو خانم.) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I. She was the mother of Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

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Gülbahar

Gülbahar is a Turkish given name for females and may refer to.

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Gülbahar Hatun (wife of Bayezid II)

Gülbahar Hatun (کل بهار خاتون; 1453 – 1505), also known as Ayşe Hatun.

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Gülcemal Kadın

Gülcemal Kadın (کل جمال قادین) (1826 – 15 December 1851) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I. She was the mother of Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire.

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Gedik Ahmed Pasha

Gedik Ahmed Pasha (died 18 November 1482) was an Ottoman statesman and admiral who served as Grand Vizier and Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral of the Ottoman Navy) during the reigns of sultans Mehmed II and Bayezid II.

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Greco-Turkish War (1897)

The Greco-Turkish War of 1897, also called the Thirty Days' War and known in Greece as the Black '97 (Mauro '97) or the Unfortunate War (Ατυχής πόλεμος, Atychis polemos) (Turkish: 1897 Osmanlı-Yunan Savaşı or 1897 Türk-Yunan Savaşı), was a war fought between the Kingdom of Greece and the Ottoman Empire.

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Greek War of Independence

The Greek War of Independence, also known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση, Elliniki Epanastasi, or also referred to by Greeks in the 19th century as the Αγώνας, Agonas, "Struggle"; Ottoman: يونان عصياني Yunan İsyanı, "Greek Uprising"), was a successful war of independence waged by Greek revolutionaries against the Ottoman Empire between 1821 and 1830.

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Habesh Eyalet

Habesh Eyalet (ایالت حبش; Eyālet-i Ḥabeş) was an Ottoman eyalet.

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Hacı Arif Bey

Haci Arif Bey (1831-1885) was a Circassian Turkish composer from Istanbul, most known for his compositions in the şarkı form, the most common secular form in Turkish classical music.

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Hadım Mehmed Pasha

Hadım Mehmed Pasha (Turkish: Hadım Mehmet Paşa) was a Georgianİsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 32.

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Hadım Sinan Pasha

Hadım Sinan Pasha (Ottoman Turkish: خادم سنان پاشا, Modern Turkish: Hadım Sinan Paşa, "Sinan Pasha the Eunuch"; Sinan-paša Borovinić; 1459 – 22 January 1517) was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1516 to 1517.

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Hafız Post

Hafız Post (Tanburi Mehmet) (c.1630–1694) was a composer and performer of Turkish music during Ottoman Empire era in İstanbul.

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Hafsa Sultan (wife of Selim I)

Hafsa Sultan (حفصه سلطان‎; died 19 March 1534) was the wife of Selim I and the first valide sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the mother of Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Halil Rifat Pasha

Halil Rifat Pasha (Modern Turkish: Halil Rıfat Paşa; 1820According to the obituary in The Times, he was born about 1807. This would make him almost 95 years old at the time of his death. Other sources give 1820.–9 November 1901) was an Ottoman statesman and a Grand Vizier for six years between 1895 until his death in 1901, during the reign of Abdul Hamid II.

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Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi

Hammamizade İsmail Dede Efendi (b. 9 January 1778 – d. 29 November 1846) was a composer of Ottoman classical music.

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Hampartsoum Limondjian

Hampartsoum Limondjian (Համբարձում Լիմոնջեան) (1768 – 29 June 1839) was an Ottoman Armenian composer of Armenian church and classical music and musical theorist who developed the Hampartsoum notation system.

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Handan Agha Mosque

Handan Agha Mosque is a mosque near the Golden Horn in the Hasköy neighborhood of Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Handan Sultan

Handan Sultan (خندان سلطان; died 9 November 1605) was the consort of Sultan Mehmed III, and Valide Sultan to their son Sultan Ahmed I.

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Hatice Sultan

Hatice Sultan or Hadice Sultan may refer to.

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Hatice Sultan Palace

The Hatice Sultan Palace (Hatice Sultan Yalısı), a historical yalı (waterside mansion) located at Bosporus in Ortaköy neighborhood of Istanbul, Turkey and named after its original owner Hatice Sultan, is used today as a water sports club's building.

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Hayâlî

Hayâlî (خيالى) (1500?–1557) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: ﻡﺨﻠﺺ mahlas) of an Ottoman Turkish poet.

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Hayreddin Barbarossa

Hayreddin Barbarossa (Arabic: Khayr ad-Din Barbarus خير الدين بربروس), (Ariadenus Barbarussa), or Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha (Barbaros Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa or Hızır Hayreddin (Hayrettin) Paşa; also Hızır Reis before being promoted to the rank of Pasha and becoming the Kapudan Pasha), born Khizr or Khidr (Turkish: Hızır; c. 1478 – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman admiral of the fleet who was born on the island of Lesbos and died in Constantinople, the Ottoman capital.

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Hâfiz Osman

Hâfiz Osman (حافظ عثمان Modern Turkish: Hâfız Osman) (1642–1698) was an Ottoman calligrapher.

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Hüma Hatun

Hatice Âlime (Halime) Hüma Hatun (هما خاتون, 1410 ‒ September 1449) was the fourth wife of Ottoman Sultan Murad II and mother of Mehmed II.

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Hersekzade Ahmed Pasha

Hersekzade or Hersekli Ahmed Pasha("Ahmed Pasha, son of the Herzog"; Bosnian: Ahmed-paša Hercegović; Aхмед-паша Херцеговић; 1459 – 21 July 1517) was an Ottoman general and statesman, known in his youth as Stjepan Hercegović.

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Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi

Hezârfen Ahmed Çelebi was a legendary Ottoman aviator of Constantinople (present day Istanbul), reported in the writings of traveler Evliya Çelebi to have achieved sustained unpowered flight.

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Historiography of the fall of the Ottoman Empire

Many twentieth-century scholars argued that power of the Ottoman Empire began waning after the death of Suleiman the Magnificent in 1566, and without the acquisition of significant new wealth the empire went into decline, a concept known as the Ottoman Decline Thesis.

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History of Montenegro

The history of Montenegro begins in the early Middle Ages, into the former Roman province of Dalmatia that forms present-day Montenegro.

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History of the Russo-Turkish wars

The Russo–Turkish wars (or Ottoman–Russian wars) were a series of wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 20th centuries.

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Hoca Ali Rıza

Hoca Ali Rıza (1858 in Üsküdar – 20 March 1930 in Üsküdar) was a Turkish painter and art teacher, known primarily for his Impressionist landscapes and architectural paintings.

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Hoca Sadeddin Efendi

Hoca Sadeddin (or Sa'düddin) Efendi (1536 or 1537 – October 2, 1599İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971, p. 118.) was an Ottoman scholar, official, and historian, a teacher of Ottoman sultan Murad III (when Murad was prince).

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Hurrem Sultan

Hurrem Sultan (خرم سلطان, Ḫurrem Sulṭān, Hürrem Sultan; 1502 – 15 April 1558), often called Roxelana, was the favourite and later the chief consort and legal wife of Ottoman Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent.

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Husein Gradaščević

Husein Gradaščević (31 August 1802–17 August 1834) was an Ottoman Bosnian and later independent Bosniak military commander who later led a rebellion against the Ottoman government, seeking autonomy for Bosnia.

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Ibrahim Muteferrika

Ibrahim Müteferrika (İbrahim Müteferrika; 1674–1745) was a Hungarian-born Ottoman diplomat, polymath, publisher, printer, courtier, economist, man of letters, astronomer, historian, historiographer, Islamic scholar and theologian, sociologist, and the first Muslim to run a printing press with movable Arabic type.

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Ibrahim of the Ottoman Empire

Ibrahim (ابراهيم, İbrahim; 5 November 1615 – 18 August 1648) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1640 until 1648.

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Idris Bitlisi

Idris Bitlisi (1455 – 15 November 1520), sometimes spelled Idris Bidlisi, Idris-i Bitlisi, or Idris-i Bidlisi ("Idris of Bitlis"), and fully Mevlana Hakimeddin İdris Mevlana Hüsameddin Ali-ül Bitlisi, was an Ottoman Kurdish religious scholar and administrator from Bitlis (in modern Turkey).

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Ihlamur Palace

Ihlamur Palace (Ihlamur Kasrı), is a former imperial Ottoman summer palace located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Invasion of Algiers in 1830

The Invasion of Algiers in 1830 was a large-scale military operation by which the Kingdom of France, ruled by Charles X, invaded and conquered the Ottoman Regency of Algiers.

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Iqta'

Iqta‘ (اقطاع) was an Islamic practice of tax farming that became common in Muslim Asia during the Buyid dynasty.

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Italian War of 1542–46

The Italian War of 1542–46 was a conflict late in the Italian Wars, pitting Francis I of France and Suleiman I of the Ottoman Empire against the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and Henry VIII of England.

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Italo-Turkish War

The Italo-Turkish or Turco-Italian War (Trablusgarp Savaşı, "Tripolitanian War"; also known in Italy as Guerra di Libia, "Libyan War") was fought between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ottoman Empire from September 29, 1911, to October 18, 1912.

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Janissaries

The Janissaries (يڭيچرى, meaning "new soldier") were elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops, bodyguards and the first modern standing army in Europe.

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Jazzar Pasha

Ahmad Pasha al-Jazzar (أحمد الجزار; Cezzar Ahmet Paşa; ca. 1720–30s7 May 1804) was the Acre-based Ottoman governor of Sidon from 1776 until his death in 1804.

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Jean de La Forêt

Jean de La Forêt, also Jean de La Forest or Jehan de la Forest (died 1537) was the first official French Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, serving from 1534 to 1537.

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Kabakçı Mustafa

Kabakçı Mustafa (1770?-1808) was a rebel leader who caused the delay of Ottoman reformation in the early 19th century.

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Kadiluk

A kadiluk, in some cases equivalent to a kaza, was a local administrative subdivision of the Ottoman empire, which was the territory of a kadı, or judge.

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Kara Mustafa Pasha

Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha (مرزيفونلى قره مصطفى پاشا, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Paşa; "Mustafa Pasha the Courageous of Merzifon"; 1634/1635 – 25 December 1683) was an Ottoman military commander and Grand Vizier, who was a central character in the Ottoman Empire's last attempts at expansion into both Central and Eastern Europe.

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Karacaoğlan

Karacaoğlan is a 17th-century Ottoman Turkish folk poet and ashik.

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Karamani Mehmet Pasha

Karamanlı or Karamani Mehmet Pasha was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier from 1477 to 1481.

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Kaya Sultan

Ismihan Kaya Sultan (1633–1659) was an Ottoman princess.

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Kâtip Çelebi

Kâtip Çelebi (كاتب چلبى, Kātib Çelebi "Gentleman Scribe"), the pen name of Mustafa bin Abdullah (1609–1657), also later known as Haji Khalifa (Hacı Halife) or Kalfa, was an Ottoman scholar.

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Köprülü era

The Köprülü era (Köprülüler Devri) (c. 1656–1703) was a period in which the Ottoman Empire's politics were frequently dominated by a series of grand viziers from the Köprülü family.

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Köprülü family

The Köprülü family (Köprülü ailesi) was a noble family of Albanian origin in the Ottoman Empire.

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Köprülü Mehmed Pasha

Köprülü Mehmed Pasha (كپرولی محمد پاشا, Köprülü Mehmet Paşa; or Qyprilliu, also called Mehmed Pashá Rojniku; 1575, Roshnik,– 31 October 1661, Edirne) was the founder of the Köprülü political dynasty of the Ottoman Empire, a family of viziers, warriors, and statesmen who dominated the administration of the Ottoman Empire during the last half of the 17th century, an era known as the Köprülü era.

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Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha

Köprülüzade Fazıl Ahmed Pasha (كپرولى زاده فاضل احمد پاشا, Köprülü Fazıl Ahmet Paşa;; 1635 – 3 November 1676) was a member of the renowned Köprülü family originating from Albania, which produced six grand viziers of the Ottoman Empire.

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Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha

Köprülüzade Fazıl Mustafa Pasha ("Köprülü Mustafa Pasha the Wise", also known as Gazi Fazıl Mustafa Köprülü (Fazil Mustafa Kypriljoti; 1637 – 19 August 1691, Slankamen) served as the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1689 to 1691, when the Empire was engaged in a war against the Holy League countries in the Great Turkish War.İsmail Hâmi Danişmend, Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, Türkiye Yayınevi, İstanbul, 1971 (Turkish) He was a member of the Köprülü family of Albanian origin. His father Köprülü Mehmed Pasha, his elder brother Köprülü Fazıl Ahmed Pasha, as well as his two brothers-in-law (Kara Mustafa Pasha and Abaza Siyavuş Pasha) were former grand viziers. His epithet Fazıl means "wise" in Ottoman Turkish.

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Köprülüzade Numan Pasha

Köprülüzade Numan Pasha (Numan Pashë Kypriljoti; 1670–1719) was an Ottoman statesman who was the grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire between June and August 1710.

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Kösem Sultan

Kösem Sultan (كوسم سلطان) (1589 – 2 September 1651) – also known as Mahpeyker SultanDouglas Arthur Howard, The official History of Turkey, Greenwood Press,, p. 195 (Māh-peyker) – was one of the most powerful women in Ottoman history.

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Küçüksu Palace

Küçüksu Palace or Küçüksu Pavilion, a.k.a. Göksu Pavilion, (Küçüksu Kasrı) is a summer palace in Istanbul, Turkey, situated in the Küçüksu neighborhood of Beykoz district on the Asian shore of the Bosphorus between Anadoluhisarı and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge.

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Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex

The Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex (Kılıç Ali Paşa Külliyesi) is a group of buildings designed and built between 1580 and 1587 by Mimar Sinan, who at the time was in his 90s.

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Kemal Reis

Kemal Reis (c. 1451 – 1511) was an Ottoman privateer and admiral.

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Kemani Tatyos Ekserciyan

Tatyos Eñserciyan (1858 – March 13, 1913), or Tatyos Efendi, was a famous composer of classical Turkish music, and his works continue to be among the best-remembered and often played pieces of the genre.

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Khedive Palace

The Khedive Palace (Hıdiv Kasrı) or Çubuklu Palace (Çubuklu Sarayı), located on the Asian side of the Bosphorus in Istanbul, Turkey, was a former residence of Khedive Abbas II of Egypt and Sudan.

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Kizlar Agha

The Kizlar Agha or Aga (قيزلر اغاسی, Kızlar Ağası, "Agha of the Girls"), formally the Agha of the House of Felicity (Arabic: Aghat Dar al-Sa'ada, Turkish: Darüssaade ağa), was the head of the eunuchs who guarded the Imperial Harem of the Ottoman Sultans in Constantinople.

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Koçi Bey

Koçi Bey (died 1650) was a high-ranking Ottoman bureaucrat who lived in the first half of the 17th century.

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Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha

Mehmed Hüsrev Pasha (also known as Koca Hüsrev Pasha; sometimes known in Western sources as just Husrev Pasha or Khosrew Pasha;Inalcık, Halil. Trans. by Gibb, H.A.R. The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Ed., Vol. V, Fascicules 79-80, pp. 35 f. "". E.J. Brill (Leiden), 1979. Accessed 13 Sept 2011. 1769–1855) was an Ottoman Kapudan Pasha ("Grand Admiral") of the Ottoman Navy and statesman who reached the position of Grand Vizier rather late in his career, between 2 July 1839 and 8 June 1840 in the reign of Abdülmecid I. However, during the 1820s, he occupied key administrative roles in the fight against regional warlords, the reformation of the army, and the reformation of Turkish attire.

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Koca Ragıp Pasha

Koca Mehmet Ragıp Pasha (1698–1763) was an Ottoman statesman who served as Grand Vizier from 1757 to 1763, as the provincial governor of Egypt from 1744 to 1748, and as a civil servant before 1744.

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Koca Sinan Pasha

Koca Sinan Pasha (Koca Sinan Paşa, "Sinan the Great"; 1506–3 April 1596) was an Ottoman Grand Vizier, military figure, and statesman.

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Kosovo Vilayet

The Vilayet of Kosovo (ولايت قوصوه, Vilâyet-i Kosova; Kosova Vilayeti; Vilajeti i Kosovës; Macedonian: Косовски вилает, Kosovski vilaet; Serbian: Косовски вилајет, Kosovski vilajet) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkan Peninsula which included the current territory of Kosovo and the western part of the Republic of Macedonia.

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Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis

Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis was an Ottoman admiral who is best known for commanding the Ottoman naval expedition to Sumatra in Indonesia (1568–1569).

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Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis

Kurtoğlu Muslihiddin Reis (1487 – c. 1535) was a privateer and admiral of the Ottoman Empire, as well as the Sanjak Bey (Provincial Governor) of Rhodes.

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Kuyucu Murad Pasha

Kuyucu Murad Pasha (Turkish for "Murad Pasha the Well-digger", i.e. "Gravedigger";Murat-paša Kujudžić born in 1535, Bosnia, died 1611, Diyabakir) was an Ottoman statesman of Croatian origin who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of Ahmed I between December 9, 1606 and August 5, 1611.

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Lagâri Hasan Çelebi

Lagâri Hasan Çelebi was an Ottoman aviator who, according to a sole account written by traveller Evliya Çelebi, made a successful manned rocket flight.

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Lala Mustafa Pasha

Lala Mustafa Pasha (1500 – 7 August 1580), also known by the additional epithet Kara, was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier from the Sanjak of Bosnia.

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Laleli Mosque

The Laleli Mosque (Laleli Camii, or Tulip Mosque) is an 18th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located in Laleli, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Landing at Anzac Cove

The landing at Anzac Cove on Sunday, 25 April 1915, also known as the landing at Gaba Tepe, and to the Turks as the Arıburnu Battle, was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula by the forces of the British Empire, which began the land phase of the Gallipoli Campaign of the First World War.

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Landing at Cape Helles

The landing at Cape Helles (Turkish: Seddülbahir Çıkarması) was part of the amphibious invasion of the Gallipoli peninsula by British and French forces on 25 April 1915 during the First World War.

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Landing at Suvla Bay

The landing at Suvla Bay was an amphibious landing made at Suvla on the Aegean coast of Gallipoli peninsula in the Ottoman Empire as part of the August Offensive, the final British attempt to break the deadlock of the Battle of Gallipoli.

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Lütfi Pasha

Lütfi Pasha (لطفى پاشا, Luṭfī Paşa; Modern Turkish: Lütfi Paşa, more fully Damat Çelebi Lütfi Paşa; 1488 – 27 March 1564, Didymoteicho) was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent from 1539 to 1541.

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Levidis family

Levidis (Λεβίδης) is the name of a family of old Byzantine aristocratic origin, hailing from Constantinople (present-day Istanbul) and with a distinguished role in the history of the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire, Wallachia, and modern Greece.

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List of admirals in the Ottoman Empire

These Admirals of the Ottoman Empire are senior naval officers (script or reis pasha) of the Ottoman Empire other than the Kapudan Pashas who were the Grand Admirals of the Ottoman fleet.

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List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire

The main battles in the history of the Ottoman Empire are shown below.

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List of campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent

The imperial campaignsZürcher (1999), p. 38.

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List of cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire

The list of major cities conquered by the Ottoman Empire is below.

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List of Crimean khans

This is a list of khans of the Crimean Khanate, a state which existed in present-day southern Ukraine from 1441 until 1783.

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List of mothers of the Ottoman sultans

This is a list of the biological mothers of Ottoman sultans.

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List of Ottoman conquests, sieges and landings

The following is a List of Ottoman sieges and landings from the 14th century to World War I.

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List of Ottoman Grand Viziers

The Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam (Sadrazam); Ottoman Turkish: صدر اعظم or وزیر اعظم) was the de facto prime minister of the sultan in the Ottoman Empire, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissible only by the sultan himself in the classical period, before the Tanzimat reforms, or until the 1908 Revolution.

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List of rebellions in Ottoman Turkey

During the 623-year existence of the Ottoman Empire, there were many rebellions.

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List of Serbian–Turkish conflicts

Serbian–Turkish conflicts or Serbian–Ottoman conflicts include those of medieval Serbia against the Ottoman Empire, until World War I (modern Turkey).

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List of sultans of the Ottoman Empire

The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.

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List of treaties of the Ottoman Empire

Below is a list of major treaties of the Ottoman Empire.

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London Straits Convention

In the London Straits Convention concluded on 13 July 1841 between the Great Powers of Europe at the time—Russia, the United Kingdom, France, Austria and Prussia—the "ancient rule" of the Ottoman Empire was re-established by closing the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and Dardanelles), which link the Black Sea to the Mediterranean, from all warships whatsoever, barring those of the Sultan's allies during wartime.

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Mahfiruz Hatun

Mahfiruz Hatun (1590 – by 1610 or 1620) was a wife of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and mother of Sultan Osman II (r. 1618–22).

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Mahidevran

Mahidevran (ماه دوران, 1500 – 3 February 1581; also known as Gülbahar) was a chief consort Mahidevran is described in academic history books (incl. Harem II by, p. 45, e.g., Mustafa'nin annesi Mahidevran baş kadinin mũeadelesi gelir by and in Tarih Dergisi, Issue 36 by İbrahim Horoz Basımevi, eg; Mustafa'nin annesi ve Kanuni'nin baş kadin olan Mahidevran Hatun... vya Gũlbahar Sultan) as Suleiman's main consort.

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Mahmud I

Mahmud I (محمود اول, I., 2 August 1696 13 December 1754) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1730 to 1754.

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Mahmud II

Mahmud II (Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثانى Mahmud-u sānī, محمود عدلى Mahmud-u Âdlî) (İkinci Mahmut) (20 July 1785 – 1 July 1839) was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839.

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Mahmud Pasha

Mahmud Pasha or Mahmut Pasha may refer to.

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Mahmud Shevket Pasha

Mahmud Shevket Pasha (Mahmut Şevket Paşa; 1856 – 11 June 1913)David Kenneth Fieldhouse: Western imperialism in the Middle East 1914-1958.

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Malhun Hatun

Malhun Hatun (died November 1323, other names Mal Hatun, Mala Hatun, Kameriye Sultana) was the first wife of Osman I, the leader of the Ottoman Turks and the founder of the dynasty that established and ruled the Ottoman Empire.

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Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)

The Mamluk dynasty of Iraq (Arabic: مماليك العراق) was a dynasty which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries.

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Maslak Palace

Maslak Palace is a former imperial Ottoman palace located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Matrakçı Nasuh

Nasuh bin Karagöz bin Abdullah el-Visokavi el-Bosnavî, or Nasuh el-Matrakči ibn Karađoz ibn Abdullah el-Visokavi el-Bosnevi, commonly known as Matrakçı Nasuh for his competence in the game of Matrak, invented by himself, (also known as Nasuh el-Silâhî, Nasuh the Swordsman, because of his talent with weapons; 1480 – 1564) was a 16th-century Bosniak statesman of the Ottoman Empire, polymath, mathematician, teacher, historian, geographer, cartographer, swordmaster, navigator, inventor, painter, farmer, and miniaturist.

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Müezzinzade Ali Pasha

Müezzinzade Ali Pasha (Müezzinzade Ali Paşa; also known as Sofu Ali Pasha or Sufi Ali Pasha or Meyzinoğlu Ali Pasha; died 7 October 1571) was an Ottoman statesman and naval officer.

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Münejjim Bashi

Ahmed Lütfullah (early 17th century – 27 February 1702), better known by his court title of Münejjim Bashi (Müneccimbaşı; "Chief Astrologer"), was an Ottoman courtier, scholar, Sufi poet and historian.

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Meñli I Giray

Meñli I Giray (۱منكلى كراى) (1445–1515), also spelled as Mengli I Giray, was a khan of the Crimean Khanate (1466, 1469–1475, 1478–1515) and the sixth son of Hacı I Giray.

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Mecelle

The Mecelle (also transliterated Mejelle, Majalla, Medjelle, or Meğelle, from the Ottoman Turkish, Mecelle-ʾi Aḥkām-ı ʿAdlīye - from Arabic, مجلة الأحكام العدلية Majallah el-Ahkam-i-Adliya) was the civil code of the Ottoman Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha

Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha, also spelled as Mehmed Emin Aali (March 5, 1815 – September 7, 1871) was a prominent Ottoman statesman during the Tanzimat period, best known as the architect of the Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856, and for his role in the Treaty of Paris (1856) that ended the Crimean War.

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Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha

Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha (1780–1859) was grand vizier of the Ottoman Empire twice under Mahmud II "Adlî" (r. 1808–1839) and three times under Abdülmecit I (r. 1839–1861) during the Tanzimat period of reformation.

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Mehmed Fuad Pasha

Mehmed Fuad Pasha (1814 – February 12, 1869), sometimes known as Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha and commonly known as Fuad Pasha, was an Ottoman statesman known for his prominent role in the Tanzimat reforms of the mid-19th-century Ottoman Empire, as well as his leadership during the 1860 Mount Lebanon civil war in Syria.

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Mehmed I

Mehmed I (1379 – 26 May 1421), also known as Mehmed Çelebi (چلبی محمد, "the noble-born") or Kirişci (from Greek Kyritzes, "lord's son"), was the Ottoman Sultan from 1413 to 1421.

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Mehmed I Giray

Mehmed I Giray, Mukhamad Khan Girai, known as Great (1465–1523) — a khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1515 –1523.

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Mehmed III

Mehmed III (Meḥmed-i sālis; III.; 26 May 1566–21 December 1603) was Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1595 until his death in 1603.

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Mehmed IV

Mehmed IV (Ottoman Turkish: محمد رابع Meḥmed-i rābiʿ; Modern Turkish: IV. Mehmet; also known as Avcı Mehmet, Mehmed the Hunter; 2 January 1642 – 6 January 1693) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1687.

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Mehmed IV Giray

Mehmed IV Giray Sufi, Mehmed Sufi Girai (۴محمد كراى; Sofu Mehmed Geray, صوفى محمد كراى&lrm) (1610–1674) — a khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1641–44 and 1654–56.

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Mehmed the Conqueror

Mehmed II (محمد ثانى, Meḥmed-i sānī; Modern II.; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Fatih Sultan Mehmet), was an Ottoman Sultan who ruled first for a short time from August 1444 to September 1446, and later from February 1451 to May 1481.

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Mehmed V

Mehmed V. Reşâd (Ottoman Turkish: محمد خامس Meḥmed-i ẖâmis, Beşinci Mehmet Reşat or Reşat Mehmet) (2 November 1844 – 3 July 1918) was the 35th and penultimate Ottoman Sultan.

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Mehmed VI

Mehmed VI (محمد السادس Meḥmed-i sâdis, وحيد الدين Vahideddin, Vahideddin or Altıncı Mehmet), who is also known as Şahbaba (meaning "Emperor-father") among his relatives, (14 January 1861 – 16 May 1926) was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922.

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Melek Ahmed Pasha

Melek Ahmed Pasha ("Ahmed Pasha the Angel"; 1604–1662) was an Ottoman statesman and grand vizier during the reign of Mehmed IV.

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Mesopotamian campaign

The Mesopotamian campaign was a campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I fought between the Allies represented by the British Empire, mostly troops from Britain, Australia and the British Indian, and the Central Powers, mostly of the Ottoman Empire.

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Mezzo Morto Hüseyin Pasha

Hussein Mezzomorto (Mezamorta Hüseyin Paşa; died 1701) or Hajji Husain Mezzomorto (Hacı Hüseyin Mezamorta) was an Ottoman privateer, bey (governor), and finally Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of the Ottoman Navy.

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Midhat Pasha

Ahmed Şefik Midhat Pasha (18 October 1822 – 26 April 1883), was one of the leading Ottoman statesmen during the late Tanzimat period.

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Mihrişah Sultan

Mihrişah Sultan (also spelled Mihr-i Şāh; 1745 – 16 October 1805), known as "the Georgian Beauty", was the consort to Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III, and the mother of Sultan Selim III and his de facto co-regent (as the Valide Sultan) for sixteen years from 1789 until 1805.

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Mihrimah Sultan

Mihrimah Sultan (مهر ماه سلطان) (1522 – 25 January 1578) was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and his legal wife, Hürrem Sultan.

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Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Üsküdar)

The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Iskele Mosque, Jetty Mosque, Üsküdar Quay Mosque, Mihrimah Sultan Camii, İskele Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the historic center of the Üsküdar municipality in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Mihrimah Sultan Mosque (Edirnekapı)

The Mihrimah Sultan Mosque is an Ottoman mosque located in the Edirnekapı neighborhood near the Byzantine land walls of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Military of the Ottoman Empire

The history of the military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods.

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Millet

Millets (/ˈmɪlɪts/) are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food.

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Mimar Sinan

Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ (معمار سينان, "Sinan Agha the Grand Architect"; Modern Turkish: Mimar Sinan,, "Sinan the Architect") (1488/1490 – July 17, 1588) was the chief Ottoman architect (mimar) and civil engineer for Sultans Suleiman the Magnificent, Selim II, and Murad III.

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Molla Çelebi Mosque

The Molla Çelebi Mosque (Molla Çelebi Camii), sometimes known as Fındıklı Mosque (Fındıklı Camii) also as The Hazelnut is an Ottoman mosque located in the Fındıklı neighbourhood of Beyoğlu district in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Mosques commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty

The list below contains some of the most important mosques in modern-day Turkey that were commissioned by the members of Ottoman imperial family.

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Muazzez Sultan

Muazzez Sultan (ca. 1629 – 1687) was the second chief consort of Sultan Ibrahim and the mother of Sultan Ahmed II.

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Muhammad Ali of Egypt

Muhammad Ali Pasha al-Mas'ud ibn Agha (محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad ‘Alī Bāshā; Albanian: Mehmet Ali Pasha; Turkish: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa; 4 March 1769 – 2 August 1849) was an Ottoman Albanian commander in the Ottoman army, who rose to the rank of Pasha, and became Wāli, and self-declared Khedive of Egypt and Sudan with the Ottomans' temporary approval.

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Murad I

Murad I (مراد اول; I. (nicknamed Hüdavendigâr, from Persian: خداوندگار, Khodāvandgār, "the devotee of God" – but meaning "sovereign" in this context); 29 June 1326 – 15 June 1389) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1362 to 1389.

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Murad II

Murad II (June 1404 – 3 February 1451) (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı sānī, Turkish:II. Murat) was the Ottoman Sultan from 1421 to 1444 and 1446 to 1451.

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Murad III

Murad III (Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثالث Murād-i sālis, Turkish: III.Murat) (4 July 1546 – 15/16 January 1595) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1574 until his death in 1595.

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Murad IV

Murad IV (مراد رابع, Murād-ı Rābiʿ; 26/27 July 1612 – 8 February 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640, known both for restoring the authority of the state and for the brutality of his methods.

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Murad V

Murad V (مراد خامس) (21 September 1840 – 29 August 1904) was the 33rd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire who reigned from 30 May to 31 August 1876.

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Murat Reis the Elder

Murat Reis the Elder (Koca Murat Reis; 1534–1609) was an Ottoman privateer and admiral, who served in the Ottoman Navy.

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Musa Çelebi

Musa Çelebi (died July 5, 1413) was an Ottoman prince (şehzade) and a co-ruler of the empire for three years during the Ottoman Interregnum.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Mustafa Âlî

Gelibolulu Mustafa Âlî bin Ahmed bin Abdülmevlâ Çelebi (born 1541 Gallipoli; died 1600 in Jeddah) was an Ottoman historian and bureaucrat, possibly of Croatian or Bosnian origin.

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Mustafa I

Mustafa I (24 June 1591 – 20 January 1639), called Mustafa the Saint (Veli Mustafa) during his second reign and often called Mustafa the Mad (Deli Mustafa) by modern historians, was the son of Mehmed III and was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1617 to 1618 and from 1622 to 1623.

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Mustafa II

Mustafa II (Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى ثانى Muṣṭafā-yi sānī) (6 February 1664 – 29/30 December 1703) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1695 to 1703.

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Mustafa III

Mustafa III (28 January 1717 – 24 December 1773) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1757 to 1773.

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Mustafa IV

Mustafa IV (Ottoman Turkish: مصطفى رابع Muṣṭafā-yi rābi‘; 8 September 1779 – 17 November 1808) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1807 to 1808.

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Mustafa Naima

Mustafa Naima (مصطفى نعيما; Muṣṭafā Na'īmā; 1655 – 1716) was an Ottoman bureaucrat and historian who wrote the chronicle known as the Tārīḫ-i Na'īmā (Naima's History).

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Mustafa Reşid Pasha

Koca Mustafa Reşid Pasha (literally Mustafa Reşid Pasha the Great; 13 March 1800 – 7 January 1858) was an Ottoman statesman and diplomat, known best as the chief architect behind the Ottoman government reforms known as Tanzimat.

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Mustafa Selaniki

Mustafa Selaniki (Selanıkî Mustafa; "Mustafa of Salonica; died 1600), also known as Selanıkî Mustafa Efendi, was an Ottoman scholar and chronicler, whose Tarih-i Selâniki described the Ottoman Empire of 1563–1599.

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Nakkaş Osman

Nakkaş Osman (sometimes called Osman the Miniaturist) was the chief miniaturist for the Ottoman Empire during the later half of the sixteenth century.

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Namık Kemal

Namık Kemal (21 December 1840 – 2 December 1888) was an Ottoman democrat, writer, intellectual, reformer, journalist, playwright, and political activist who was influential in the formation of the Young Ottomans and their struggle for governmental reform in the Ottoman Empire during the late Tanzimat period, which would lead to the First Constitutional Era in the Empire in 1876.

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Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign

The Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign (17 February 1915 – 9 January 1916) took place against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.

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Neşâtî

Neşāṭī (نشاطى) (?–1674) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: ﻡﺨﻠﺺ maḫlas) of an Ottoman poet.

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Nedîm

Ahmed Nedîm Efendi (نديم) (1681? – 30 October 1730) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: ﻡﺨﻠﺺ mahlas) of one of the most celebrated Ottoman poets.

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Nef'i

Nefʿī (نفعى) was the pen name (Ottoman Turkish: مخلص maḫlaṣ) of an Ottoman Turkish poet and satirist whose real name was ʿÖmer (عمر) (c. 1572, Hasankale, Erzurum – 1635, Istanbul).

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Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha

Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha (1666 – October 16, 1730) served as Grand Vizier for Sultan Ahmed III of the Ottoman Empire during the Tulip period.

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New Mosque (Istanbul)

The Yeni Cami, meaning New Mosque; originally named the Valide Sultan Mosque (Valide Sultan Camii) and later New Valide Sultan Mosque (Yeni Valide Sultan Camii) after its partial reconstruction and completion between 1660 and 1665; is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in the Eminönü quarter of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Nilüfer Hatun

Nilüfer Hatun (نیلوفر خاتون, birth name Holifere (Holophira) / Olivera,. other names Bayalun, Beylun, Beyalun, Bilun, Suyun, Suylun) was a Valide Hatun; the wife of Orhan, the second Ottoman Sultan.

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North Africa

North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries and territories situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.

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Nurbanu Sultan

Afife Nurbanu Sultan (نور بانو سلطان; 1525 – 7 December 1583) was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the principal consort and later legal wife of Sultan Selim II (reign 1566–1574), as well as Valide Sultan as the mother of Sultan Murad III (reign 1574–1595).

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Nuruosmaniye Mosque

The Nuruosmaniye Mosque (Nuruosmaniye Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the Çemberlitaş neighbourhood of Fatih district in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Nusretiye Mosque

Nusretiye Mosque is an ornate mosque located in Tophane district of Beyoğlu, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Occhiali

Occhiali (Giovanni Dionigi Galeni or Giovan Dionigi Galeni, also Uluj Ali, Uluç Ali Reis, later Uluç Ali Paşa and finally Kılıç Ali Paşa; 1519 – 21 June 1587) was an Italian farmer, then Ottoman privateer and admiral, who later became beylerbey of the Regency of Algiers, and finally Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) of the Ottoman fleet in the 16th century.

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Orban

Orban, also known as Urban (died 1453), was an iron founder and engineer from Brassó, Transylvania, in the Kingdom of Hungary (today Brașov, Romania), who cast superguns for the Ottoman siege of Constantinople in 1453.

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Orhan

Orhan Gazi (اورخان غازی، اورخان بن عثمان بن ارطغرل; Orhan Gazi) (c. 1281 – March 1362) was the second bey of the nascent Ottoman Sultanate (then known as the Ottoman Beylik or Emirate) from 1323/4 to 1362.

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Ortaköy Mosque

Ortaköy Mosque (Ortaköy Camii), officially the Büyük Mecidiye Camii (Grand Imperial Mosque of Sultan Abdülmecid) in Beşiktaş, Istanbul, Turkey, is situated at the waterside of the Ortaköy pier square, one of the most popular locations on the Bosphorus.

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Oruç Reis

Oruç Reis (Oruç Reis; عروج ريس; Arrudye; 1474–1518) was an Ottoman bey (governor) of Algiers and beylerbey (chief governor) of the West Mediterranean, and the elder brother of Hayreddin Barbarossa.

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Osman Aga of Temesvar

Osman Ağa of Temeşvar (Temeşvarlı Osman Ağa; 1670–1725) was an Ottoman army officer and one of the few Turkish-language autobiographers of the era.

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Osman Hamdi Bey

Osman Hamdi Bey (30 December 184224 February 1910) was an Ottoman administrator, intellectual, art expert and also a prominent and pioneering painter.

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Osman I

Osman I or Osman Gazi (translit; Birinci Osman or Osman Gazi; died 1323/4), sometimes transliterated archaically as Othman, was the leader of the Ottoman Turks and the founder of the Ottoman dynasty.

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Osman II

Osman II (عثمان ثانى ‘Osmān-i sānī; 3 November 1604 – 20 May 1622), commonly known in Turkey as Genç Osman ("Osman the Young" in English), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1618 until his death by regicide on 20 May 1622.

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Osman III

Osman III (عثمان ثالث ‘Osmān-i sālis;‎ 2/3 January 1699 – 30 October 1757) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1754 to 1757.

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Osman Nuri Pasha

Osman Nuri Pasha (عثمان نوری پاشا‎; 1832, Tokat, Ottoman Empire – 5 April 1900, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire), also known as Gazi Osman Pasha, was an Ottoman field marshal and the hero of the Siege of Plevna in 1877.

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Ottoman Algeria

The regency of Algiers' (in Arabic: Al Jazâ'ir), was a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire in North Africa lasting from 1515 to 1830, when it was conquered by the French.

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Ottoman Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Islamic Ottoman Empire era of rule in the Bosnia and Herzegovina region lasted from 1463/1482 to 1878.

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Ottoman Bulgaria

The history of Ottoman Bulgaria spans nearly 500 years, from the conquest by the Ottoman Empire of the smaller kingdoms emerging from the disintegrating Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 14th century, to the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878.

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Ottoman Cyprus

The Eyalet of Cyprus (ایالت قبرص, Eyālet-i Ḳıbrıṣ) was an eyalet (province) of the Ottoman Empire made up of the island of Cyprus, which was annexed into the Empire in 1571.

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Ottoman decline thesis

The Ottoman decline thesis or Ottoman decline paradigm (Osmanlı Gerileme Tezi) refers to a now-obsolete.

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Ottoman dynasty

The Ottoman dynasty (Osmanlı Hanedanı) was made up of the members of the imperial House of Osman (خاندان آل عثمان Ḫānedān-ı Āl-ı ʿOsmān), also known as the Ottomans (Osmanlılar).

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Ottoman Egypt

Ottoman Egypt covers two main periods of the history of Egypt from the 16th through early 20th centuries, when under the rule of or allied to the Ottoman Empire that was based in (present day) Turkey.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Ottoman family tree

This is a male family tree for all the Ottoman Sultans and their mothers.

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Ottoman Greece

Most of the areas which today are within modern Greece's borders were at some point in the past a part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Ottoman Hungary

Ottoman Hungary was the territory of southern Medieval Hungary which was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1699.

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Ottoman Interregnum

The Ottoman Interregnum, or the Ottoman Civil WarDimitris J. Kastritsis, The Sons of Bayezid: Empire Building and Representation in the Ottoman.

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Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean

The Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean (Hint seferleri or Hint Deniz seferleri, "Indian Ocean campaigns") were a series of Ottoman amphibious operations in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century.

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Ottoman Old Regime

War of the Holy League. The history of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century has classically been described as one of stagnation and reform.

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Ottoman palaces in Istanbul

Below are the palaces commissioned by the Ottoman dynasty in İstanbul, Turkey.

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Ottoman Serbia

The territory of what is now the Republic of Serbia was part of the Ottoman Empire throughout the Early Modern period, especially Central Serbia, unlike Vojvodina which has passed to Habsburg rule starting from the end of the 17th century (with several takeovers of Central Serbia as well).

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Ottoman Syria

Ottoman Syria refers to the parts of modern-day Syria or of Greater Syria which were subjected to Ottoman rule, anytime between the Ottoman conquests on the Mamluk Sultanate in the early 16th century and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in 1922.

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Ottoman Tripolitania

The coastal region of what is today Libya was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1551 to 1911, as the Eyalet of Tripolitania (ایالت طرابلس غرب Eyālet-i Trâblus Gârb) or Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary from 1551 to 1864 and as the Vilayet of Tripolitania (ولايت طرابلس غرب Vilâyet-i Trâblus Gârb) from 1864 to 1911.

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Ottoman Tunisia

Ottoman Tunis refers to the episode of the Turkish presence in Ifriqiya during the course of three centuries from the 16th century until the 18th century, when Tunis was officially integrated into the Ottoman Empire as the Eyalet of Tunis (province).

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Ottoman Turkish language

Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlı Türkçesi), or the Ottoman language (Ottoman Turkish:, lisân-ı Osmânî, also known as, Türkçe or, Türkî, "Turkish"; Osmanlıca), is the variety of the Turkish language that was used in the Ottoman Empire.

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Ottoman Vardar Macedonia

Vardar Macedonia, the area that now makes up the Republic of Macedonia, was part of the Ottoman Empire for over five hundred years, from 1400 to 1912.

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Ottoman wars in Europe

The Ottoman wars in Europe were a series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states dating from the Late Middle Ages up through the early 20th century.

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Ottoman–Habsburg wars

The Ottoman–Habsburg wars were fought from the 16th through the 18th centuries between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg (later Austrian) Empire, which was at times supported by the Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Hungary, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and Habsburg Spain.

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Ottoman–Persian wars

The Ottoman-Persian Wars or Ottoman-Iranian Wars were a series a wars between Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar dynasties of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries.

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Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty (1419)

The Ottoman–Venetian peace treaty of 1419 was signed between the Ottoman Empire and Republic of Venice, ending a short conflict between the two powers, confirming Venetian possessions in the Aegean Sea and the Balkans, and stipulating the rules of maritime trade between them.

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Ottoman–Venetian Wars

Ottoman–Venetian wars were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice that started in 1396 and lasted until 1718.

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Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha

Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha ("Ibrahim Pasha of Parga"; c. 1495 – 15 March 1536), also known as Frenk Ibrahim Pasha ("the Westerner"), Makbul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Favorite"), which later changed to Maktul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Executed") after his execution in the Topkapı Palace, was the first Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire appointed by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Partition of the Ottoman Empire

The partition of the Ottoman Empire (Armistice of Mudros, 30 October 1918 – Abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate, 1 November 1922) was a political event that occurred after World War I and the occupation of Constantinople by British, French and Italian troops in November 1918.

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Pasha

Pasha or Paşa (پاشا, paşa), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries and others.

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Patrona Halil

Patrona Halil, (Halil Patrona, Patrona Halil; c. 1690 in Hrupishta - November 25, 1730 in Constantinople), was the instigator of a mob uprising in 1730 which replaced Sultan Ahmed III with Mahmud I and ended the Tulip period.

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Peace of Amasya

The Peace of Amasya (پیمان آماسیه ("Qarārdād-e Amasiyeh"); Amasya Antlaşması) was a treaty agreed to on May 29, 1555 between Shah Tahmasp of Safavid Iran and Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire at the city of Amasya, following the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1532–1555.

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Peace of Szeged

The Treaty of Edirne and the Peace of Szeged were two halves of a peace treaty between Sultan Murad II of the Ottoman Empire and King Vladislaus of the Kingdom of Hungary.

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Peace of Vasvár

The Peace of Vasvár was a treaty between the Austrian Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire which followed the Battle of Saint Gotthard of 1 August 1664 (near Mogersdorf, Burgenland), and concluded the Austro-Turkish War (1663–1664).

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Peace of Zsitvatorok

The Peace of Zsitvatorok (or Treaty of Sitvatorok) was a peace treaty which ended the Fifteen Years' War between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy on 11 November 1606.

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Perestu Kadın

Perestu Kadın (1826 – 11 December 1904) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire.

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Pertevniyal Sultan

Pertevniyal Sultan (1812 – 5 February 1883), sometimes called Besime and Hasna was a consort of Sultan Mahmud II, and Valide Sultan to their son Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire.

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Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque

The Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Mosque, also known as the Aksaray Valide Mosque (Pertevniyal Valide Sultan Camii, Aksaray Valide Sultan Camii), is an Ottoman imperial mosque in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Piali Pasha

Piali Pasha, (Piyale Paşa) (c. 1515–1578) was an Ottoman Grand Admiral (Kapudan Pasha) between 1553 and 1567, and a Vizier after 1568.

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Pir Sultan Abdal

Pir Sultan Abdal (ca. 1480–1550) was a Turkish Alevi poet, whose direct and clear language as well as the richness of his imagination and the beauty of his verses led him to become loved among the Turkish people.

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Piri Reis

Ahmed Muhiddin Piri (1465/70–1553), better known as Piri Reis (Reis or Hacı Ahmet Muhittin Pîrî Bey), was an Ottoman admiral, navigator, geographer and cartographer.

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Polish–Ottoman Wars

Polish–Ottoman Wars can refer to one of the several conflicts between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire.

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Pruth River Campaign

The Russo-Ottoman War of 1710–11, also known as the Pruth River Campaign after the main event of the war, erupted as a consequence of the defeat of Sweden by the Russian Empire in the Battle of Poltava and the escape of the wounded Charles XII of Sweden and his large retinue to the Ottoman-held fortress of Bender.

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Rabia Sultan

Rabia Sultan (رابعه سلطان; died 14 January 1712) was a consort to Sultan Ahmed II of the Ottoman Empire.

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Raid on the Suez Canal

The Raid on the Suez Canal, also known as Actions on the Suez Canal, took place between 26 January and 4 February 1915 after a German-led Ottoman Army force advanced from Southern Palestine to attack the British Empire-protected Suez Canal, before the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. Substantial Ottoman forces crossed the Sinai peninsula, but their attack failed mainly because of strongly held defences and alert defenders.

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Rüstem Pasha

Rüstem Pasha Opuković (رستم پاشا; Rustem-Paša Opuković 1500 – 10 July 1561) was a Croatian-born Ottoman statesman.

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Rüstem Pasha Mosque

The Rüstem Pasha Mosque (Rüstem Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in the Hasırcılar Çarşısı (Strawmat Weavers Market) in the Tahtakale neighborhood of the Fatih district, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Reis ül-Küttab

The Reis ül-Küttab (رئيس الكتاب), or Reis Efendi, was a senior post in the administration of the Ottoman Empire.

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Rise of the Ottoman Empire

The foundation and rise of the Ottoman Empire is a period of history that started with the emergence of the Ottoman principality in, and ended with the conquest of Constantinople on May 29, 1453.

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Safiye Sultan

Safiye Sultan (صفیه سلطان; 1550 – 1619), was the consort of Murad III and Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire as the mother of Mehmed III.

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Sahib I Giray

Sahib I Giray, Sahib Khan Girai (1501–1551) — ruled the Khanate of Kazan (1521-25) and seven years later the Crimean Khanate (1532-51).

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Said Halim Pasha

Said Halim Pasha (سعيد حليم پاشا.; Sait Halim Paşa;; 18 January 1865 – 6 December 1921) was an Ottoman statesman of Tosk origin who served as Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1917.

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Salah Rais

Salah Rais (Salih Reis) (c. 1488 – 1568) was an Ottoman privateer and admiral.

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Saliha Sultan (wife of Mustafa II)

Saliha Sultan (fully Daulatlu İsmatlu Saliha Valida Sultan Aliyyetü'ş-şân Hazretleri; 1680 – 21 September 1739) was the consort of Ottoman sultan Mustafa II.

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Samarrah Offensive

The Samarrah Offensive (March 13 – April 23, 1917) was launched by the British against the Ottomans as part of the Mesopotamian Campaign in World War I. After Baghdad fell to the British on March 11, 1917, there were still 10,000 Ottoman troops north of the city, led by Khalil Pasha, who could represent a threat to Anglo-Indian forces.

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Sanjak

Sanjaks (سنجاق, modern: Sancak) were administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire.

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Süleyman Pasha (son of Orhan)

Süleyman Pasha (died 1357) was the son of Orhan, the second ruler of the newly established Ottoman Empire.

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Süleymaniye Mosque

The Süleymaniye Mosque (Süleymaniye Camii) is an Ottoman imperial mosque located on the Third Hill of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Science and technology in the Ottoman Empire

During its 600-year reign, the Ottoman Empire made significant advances in science and technology, in a wide range of fields including mathematics, astronomy and medicine.

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Second Battle of Gaza

The Second Battle of Gaza was fought between 17 and 19 April 1917, following the defeat of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) at the First Battle of Gaza in March, during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the First World War.

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Second Battle of Krithia

The Second Battle of Krithia continued the Allies' attempts to advance on the Helles battlefield during the Battle of Gallipoli of the First World War.

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Second Battle of Kut

The Second Battle of Kut was fought on 23 February 1917, between British and Ottoman forces at Kut, Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq).

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Second Constitutional Era

The Second Constitutional Era (ايکنجى مشروطيت دورى; İkinci Meşrûtiyyet Devri) of the Ottoman Empire established shortly after the 1908 Young Turk Revolution which forced Sultan Abdul Hamid II to restore the constitutional monarchy by the revival of the Ottoman Parliament, the General Assembly of the Ottoman Empire and the restoration of the constitution of 1876.

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Sedefkar Mehmed Agha

Sedefkar Mehmed Agha Biçakçiu or Sedefqar Mehmeti of Elbasan (Modern Turkish: Sedefkâr Mehmet Ağa, about 1540 - 1617) is recorded as the Ottoman architect of the Sultan Ahmed Mosque (the "Blue Mosque") in Istanbul.

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Selim I

Selim I (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اول, Modern Turkish: Birinci Selim; 1470/1 – September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520.

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Selim I Giray

Selim I Giray, Selim Khan Girai (I Selim Geray, 1.) was a Crimean khan (1631–1704).

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Selim II

Selim II (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثانى Selīm-i sānī, Turkish: II.Selim; 28 May 1524 – 12/15 December 1574), also known as "Selim the Sot (Mest)" or ("Selim the Drunkard") and Sarı Selim ("Selim the Blond"), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death in 1574.

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Selim III

Selim III (Ottoman Turkish: سليم ثالث Selīm-i sālis) (24 December 1761 – 28 July 1808) was the reform-minded Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1789 to 1807.

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Serbian Revolution

The Serbian Revolution was a national uprising and constitutional change in Serbia that took place between 1804 and 1835, during which this territory evolved from an Ottoman province into a rebel territory, a constitutional monarchy and modern Serbia.

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Seydi Ali Reis

Seydi Ali Reis (1498–1563), formerly also written Sidi Ali Reis and Sidi Ali Ben Hossein, was an Ottoman admiral and navigator.

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Sheikh Bedreddin

Sheikh Bedreddin (1359–1420) (شیخ بدرالدین) was an influential mystic, scholar, theologian, and revolutionary.

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Siege of Adrianople (1912–13)

The Battle of Adrianople or Siege of Adrianople (Обсада на Одрин, Опсада Једрена, Edirne Kuşatması) was fought during the First Balkan War, beginning in mid-November 1912 and ending on 26 March 1913 with the capture of Edirne (Adrianople) by the Bulgarian 2nd Army.

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Siege of Kut

The Siege of Kut Al Amara (7 December 1915 – 29 April 1916), also known as the First Battle of Kut, was the besieging of an 8,000 strong British-Indian garrison in the town of Kut, south of Baghdad, by the Ottoman Army.

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Siege of Plevna

The Siege of Plevna, or Siege of Pleven, was a major battle of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878, fought by the joint army of Russia and Romania against the Ottoman Empire.

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Siege of Scutari (1912–13)

The Siege of Scutari / Skadar took place from October 28, 1912 to April 23, 1913, with allied forces of Montenegro and Serbia against forces of the Ottoman Empire.

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Siege of Shkodra

The Siege of Shkodra of 1478–79 was a confrontation between the Ottoman Empire and the Albanians and Venetians at Shkodra (Scutari in Italian) and its Rozafa Castle during the First Ottoman-Venetian War (1463–79).

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Silahdar Agha

The Silahdar Agha was a palace office of the Ottoman Empire, denoting the principal page of the Ottoman Sultan.

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Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha

Silahdar Damat Ali Pasha (1667 – 5 August 1716), also called Silahdar Ali Pasha, was an Ottoman general and Grand Vizier.

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Silahdar Findiklili Mehmed Agha

Silahdar Fındıklılı Mehmed Ağa (7 December, 1658–1723) was an Ottoman historian.

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Sinai and Palestine Campaign

The Sinai and Palestine Campaign of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I was fought between the British Empire and the Ottoman Empire, supported by the German Empire.

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Sinan Pasha Mosque (Istanbul)

The Sinan Pasha Mosque (Sinan Paşa Camii) is an Ottoman mosque located in a densely populated district of Beşiktaş, in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Sineperver Sultan

Sineperver Sultan (سینه پرور سلطان; 1761 – 11 December 1828) alias Ayşe (عایشه) was the wife of Sultan Abdulhamid I and Valide Sultan to their son Sultan Mustafa IV of the Ottoman Empire.

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Sipahi

Sipahi (translit) were two types of Ottoman cavalry corps, including the fief-holding provincial timarli sipahi, which constituted most of the army, and the regular kapikulu sipahi, palace troops.

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Social class in the Ottoman Empire

There is considerable controversy regarding social status in the Ottoman Empire.

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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha (سوکلو محمد پاشا, Sokollu Mehmet Paşa in modern Turkish; Мехмед-паша Соколовић, Arebica: مەحمەد-پاشا سۉقۉلۉوٖىݘ,; 1506 – 11 October 1579) was an Ottoman statesman.

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Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque

Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque is the name of some 16th-century Ottoman mosques built for grand vizier Sokollu Mehmed Pasha.

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Southeast Europe

Southeast Europe or Southeastern Europe is a geographical region of Europe, consisting primarily of the coterminous Balkan peninsula.

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State organisation of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire developed over the centuries a complex organization of government with the Sultan as the supreme ruler of a centralized government that had an effective control of its provinces, officials and inhabitants.

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Sublime Porte

The Sublime Porte, also known as the Ottoman Porte or High Porte (باب عالی Bāb-ı Ālī or Babıali, from باب, bāb "gate" and عالي, alī "high"), is a synecdochic metonym for the central government of the Ottoman Empire.

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Suleiman II

Suleiman II (15 April 1642 – 22/23 June 1691) (Ottoman Turkish: سليمان ثانى Süleymān-i sānī) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

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Sultan Ahmed Mosque

The Sultan Ahmed Mosque or Sultan Ahmet Mosque (Sultan Ahmet Camii) is a historic mosque located in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Sultan Cem

Sultan Cem or Cem Sultan (December 22, 1459 – February 25, 1495) (جم; Cem Sultan), also referred to as Jem Sultan, or Zizim by the French, was a pretender to the Ottoman throne in the 15th century.

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Sultanate of Women

The Sultanate of Women (Kadınlar Saltanatı) was the nearly 130-year period during the 16th and 17th centuries when the women of the Imperial Harem of the Ottoman Empire exerted extraordinary political influence over state matters and over the (male) Ottoman sultan, starting from the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Talaat Pasha

Mehmed Talaat (محمد طلعت; Mehmet Talât; 10 April 1874 – 15 March 1921), commonly known as Talaat Pasha (طلعت پاشا; Talât Paşa), was one of the triumvirate known as the Three Pashas that de facto ruled the Ottoman Empire during the First World War.

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Tanburi Büyük Osman Bey

Tanburi Büyük Osman Bey or Tamburi Büyük Osman Bey (1816–1885) was an Ottoman composer and Turkish tambur player.

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Tanzimat

The Tanzimât (lit) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.

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Taqi ad-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf

Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf ash-Shami al-Asadi (Arabic: تقي الدين محمد بن معروف الشامي, Turkish: Takiyüddin or Taki) (1526–1585) was an Ottoman polymath active in Constantinople.

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Teşvikiye Mosque

The Teşvikiye Mosque is a neo-baroque structure located in the Teşvikiye neighbourhood of Şişli district in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Telli Hasan Pasha

Hasan Predojević (1530 – 22 June 1593), also known as Telli Hasan Pasha (Telli Hasan Paşa), was the fifth Ottoman beylerbey (vali) of Bosnia and a notable Ottoman Bosnian military commander, who led an invasion of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia during the Ottoman wars in Europe.

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Tevfik Fikret

Tevfik Fikret (توفیق فکرت) was the pseudonym of Mehmed Tevfik (December 24, 1867 – August 19, 1915), an Ottoman educator and poet, who is considered the founder of the modern school of Turkish poetry.

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Third Battle of Gaza

The Third Battle of Gaza was fought on the night of 1/2 November 1917 between British and Ottoman forces during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I, and came after the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) victory at the Battle of Beersheba had ended the Stalemate in Southern Palestine.

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Third Battle of Krithia

The Third Battle of Krithia (Turkish: Üçüncü Kirte Muharebesi), fought on the Gallipoli peninsula during World War I, was the final in a series of Allied attacks against the Ottoman defences aimed at capturing the original objectives of 25 April 1915.

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Timar

A timar was land granted by the Ottoman sultans between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, with a tax revenue annual value of less than 20 000 akçes.

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Timeline of Turkish history

See History of Turkey.

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Tirimüjgan Kadın

Tirimüjgan Kadın (16 August 1819 – 3 October 1852; تیرمژکان قادین) was a consort of Sultan Abdülmecid I of the Ottoman Empire.

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Tiryaki Hasan Pasha

Tiryaki Hasan Pasha (Turkish: Tiryaki Hasan Paşa), also called Alacaatlı Hasan Pasha (1530 – 1611), was an Ottoman military commander, who participated in the Long Turkish War.

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Tophane Agreement

The Tophane Agreement was a treaty between the Principality of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire signed on during an ambassadorial conference in Istanbul.

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Topkapı Palace

The Topkapı Palace (Topkapı Sarayı or in طوپقپو سرايى, Ṭopḳapu Sarāyı), or the Seraglio, is a large museum in Istanbul, Turkey.

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Transformation of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the height of its territorial expansion in Europe. The Transformation of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Era of Transformation, constitutes a period in the history of the Ottoman Empire from to, spanning roughly from the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent to the Treaty of Karlowitz at the conclusion of the War of the Holy League.

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Treaties of Erzurum

The Treaties of Erzurum were two treaties of 1823 and 1847 that settled boundary disputes between the Ottoman Empire and Persia.

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Treaty of Adrianople (1568)

The Treaty of Adrianople of 1568 or Treaty of Edirne of 1568, was concluded in the Ottoman city of Adrianople (present-day Edirne), on 17 February 1568, by representatives of Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, ruler of Habsburg Monarchy and Ottoman Sultan Selim II.

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Treaty of Adrianople (1829)

The Treaty of Adrianople (also called the Treaty of Edirne) concluded the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29, between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Ahmet Pasha

The Treaty of Ahmet Pasha (Persian:عهدنامه احمد پاشا, Ahmet Paşa Antlaşması) was a treaty signed on 10 January 1732 between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia.

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Treaty of Athens

The Treaty of Athens between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Greece, signed on 14 November 1913, formally ended hostilities between them after the two Balkan Wars and ceded Macedonia—including the major city of Thessaloniki—, most of Epirus, and many Aegean islands to Greece.

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Treaty of Aynalıkavak

Treaty of Aynalıkavak was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire signed on March 10, 1779.

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Treaty of Żurawno

The Treaty of Żurawno (Turkish: İzvança Antlaşması) was signed on 17 October 1676 in the town of Żurawno (or İzvança, as it was called during the Ottoman occupation of Podolia), in the aftermath of the Battle of Żurawno.

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Treaty of Bakhchisarai

The Treaty of Bakhchisarai (Бахчисарайский мирный договор; Bahçesaray Antlaşması) was signed in Bakhchisaray, which ended the Russo-Turkish War (1676–1681), on 3 January 1681 by Russia, the Ottoman Empire, and the Crimean Khanate.

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Treaty of Balta Liman

The 1838 Treaty of Balta Limani, or the Anglo-Ottoman Treaty, is a formal trade agreement signed between the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire and The United Kingdom.

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Treaty of Batum

The Treaty of Batum was signed in Batum on 4 June 1918 between the Ottoman Empire and the three Transcaucasian states: the First Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

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Treaty of Belgrade

The Treaty of Belgrade, known as the Belgrade peace was the peace treaty signed on September 18, 1739 in Belgrade, Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia (today Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Monarchy on the other, that ended the Austro–Turkish War (1737–39).

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Treaty of Berlin (1878)

The Treaty of Berlin (formally the Treaty between Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire for the Settlement of Affairs in the East) was signed on July 13, 1878.

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Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on 3 March 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest), after two months of negotiations.

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Treaty of Buchach

The Treaty of Buchach was signed on 18 October 1672 in Buczacz (now Buchach, Ukraine) between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth under King Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki, who had been unable to raise a suitable army, on the one side and the Ottoman Empire on the other side, ending the first phase of the Polish-Ottoman War (1672-1676).

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Treaty of Bucharest (1812)

The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on 28 May 1812, in Manuc's Inn in Bucharest, and ratified on 5 July 1812, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1479)

The Treaty of Constantinople was signed on January 25, 1479, which officially ended the fifteen-year war between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1533)

The Treaty of Constantinople' (İstanbul antlaşması) was signed on 22 July 1533 in Constantinople (Istanbul) by the Ottoman Empire and the Archduchy of Austria.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1590)

The Ottoman Empire the aftermath of the Treaty of Constantinople. The Treaty of Constantinople, also known as the Peace of Istanbul or the Treaty of Ferhad Pasha (Ferhat Paşa Antlaşması), was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Empire ending the Ottoman-Safavid War of 1578–1590.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1700)

The Treaty of Constantinople or Istanbul was signed on 13 July 1700 between the Tsardom of Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1724)

The Treaty of Constantinople (Константинопольский договор) Russo-Ottoman Treaty or Treaty of the Partition of Persia (Iran Mukasemenamesi) was a treaty concluded on 24 June 1724 between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, dividing large portions of the territory of mutually neighbouring Safavid Iran between them.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1736)

Treaty of Constantinople was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Afsharid Persia signed on 24 September 1736, ending the Afsharid–Ottoman War (1730–35).

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Treaty of Constantinople (1832)

The Τreaty of Constantinople was the product of the Constantinople Conference which opened in February 1832 with the participation of the Great Powers (Britain, France and Russia) on the one hand and the Ottoman Empire on the other.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1897)

The Treaty of Constantinople was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Greece signed on 4 December 1897 following the Greco-Turkish War of 1897.

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Treaty of Constantinople (1913)

The Treaty of Constantinople was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and the Kingdom of Bulgaria signed on 29 September 1913 after the Second Balkan War at the Ottoman capital Constantinople.

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Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi

The Treaty of Hünkâr İskelesi (once commonly spelled Unkiar Skelessi, and translating to The Treaty of "the Royal Pier" or "the Sultan's Pier") was a treaty signed between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on July 8, 1833, following the military aid of Russia against Mehmed Ali that same year.

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Treaty of Jassy

The Treaty of Jassy, signed at Jassy (Iași) in Moldavia (presently in Romania), was a pact between the Russian and Ottoman Empires ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–92 and confirming Russia's increasing dominance in the Black Sea.

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Treaty of Karlowitz

The Treaty of Karlowitz was signed on 26 January 1699 in Sremski Karlovci, in modern-day Serbia, concluding the Austro-Ottoman War of 1683–97 in which the Ottoman side had been defeated at the Battle of Zenta.

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Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarji) was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Kerden

Treaty of Kerden (Kerden Antlaşması, Persian:عهدنامه گردان) was signed between Ottoman Empire and Afsharid Iran on 4 September 1746.

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Treaty of Khotyn

Treaty of Khotyn (Chocim/Hotin), signed in the aftermath of the Battle of Khotyn (1621), ended the Polish-Ottoman War (1620–1621).

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Treaty of London (1913)

The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May during the London Conference of 1912–13.

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Treaty of Nasuh Pasha

Treaty of Nasuh Pasha (عهدنامه نصوح پاشا, Nasuh Paşa Antlaşması) was a treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia after the war of 1603–1612, signed on 20 November 1612.

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Treaty of Niš (1739)

The Treaty of Niš was a peace treaty signed on 3 October 1739 in Niš (East Serbia), by the Ottoman Empire and Russian Empire, to end the Russo-Turkish War of 1735-1739.

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Treaty of Paris (1856)

The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia.

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Treaty of Passarowitz

The Treaty of Passarowitz or Treaty of Požarevac was the peace treaty signed in Požarevac (Пожаревац, Passarowitz), a town in the Ottoman Empire (modern Serbia), on 21 July 1718 between the Ottoman Empire on one side and the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria and the Republic of Venice on the other.

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Treaty of San Stefano

The Preliminary Treaty of San Stefano (Russian: Сан-Стефанский мир; Peace of San-Stefano, Сан-Стефанский мирный договор; Peace treaty of San-Stefano, Turkish: Ayastefanos Muahedesi or Ayastefanos Antlaşması) was a treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire signed at San Stefano, then a village west of Constantinople, on by Count Nicholas Pavlovich Ignatiev and Aleksandr Nelidov on behalf of the Russian Empire and Foreign Minister Safvet Pasha and Ambassador to Germany Sadullah Bey on behalf of the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Sèvres

The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros.

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Treaty of Serav

Treaty of Serav (عهدنامه سراب, Serav Antlaşması) was a treaty between Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia after the war of 1615 - 1618.

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Treaty of Sistova

The Treaty of Sistova ended the last Austro-Turkish war (1787–91).

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Treaty of the Dardanelles

The Treaty of the Dardanelles (also known as the Dardanelles Treaty of Peace, Commerce, and Secret Alliance, the Treaty of Çanak, the Treaty of Chanak or Kale-i Sultaniye Antlaşması) was concluded between the Ottoman Empire and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 5 January 1809 at Çanak, Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of the Pruth

The Treaty of the Pruth was signed on the banks of the river Pruth between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia on 21 July 1711, ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1711.

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Treaty of Tripoli

The Treaty of Tripoli (Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary), signed in 1796, was the first treaty between the United States of America and Tripoli (now Libya) to secure commercial shipping rights and protect American ships in the Mediterranean Sea from pirates.

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Treaty of Zuhab

The Treaty of Zuhab (عهدنامه زهاب), also called Treaty of Qasr-e Shirin (Kasr-ı Şirin Antlaşması), was an accord signed between the Safavid Empire and the Ottoman Empire on May 17, 1639.

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Treaty with Tunis (1797)

The Treaty with Tunis was signed on August 28, 1797, between the United States of America and the "Barbary State" of Tunis, nominally part of the Ottoman Empire.

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Trebizond Campaign

The Trebizond Campaign, also known as the Battle of Trebizond, was a series of successful Russian naval and land operations that resulted in the capture of Trabzon.

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Truce of Adrianople (1547)

The Truce of Adrianople in 1547, named after the Ottoman city of Adrianople (present-day Edirne), was signed between Charles V and Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Tughra

A tughra (طغرا tuğrâ) is a calligraphic monogram, seal or signature of a sultan that was affixed to all official documents and correspondence.

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Tulip period

The Tulip Period or Tulip Era (21 July 1718 – 28 September 1730) (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, Lâle Devri) is a period in Ottoman history from the Treaty of Passarowitz on 21 July 1718 to the Patrona Halil Revolt on 28 September 1730.

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Turhan Hatice Sultan

Turhan Hatice Sultan (c. 1627 – 4 August 1683; Turhan meaning "Of mercy"), was Haseki Sultan of the Ottoman Sultan Ibrahim (reign 1640–48) and Valide Sultan as the mother of Mehmed IV (reign 1648–87).

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Valide sultan

Valide sultan (والده سلطان, lit. "mother sultan") was the title held by the "legal mother" of a ruling Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

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Western Asia

Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Yavuz Selim Mosque

The Yavuz Selim Mosque, also known as the Selim I Mosque and the Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque (Yavuz Selim Camii) is a 16th-century Ottoman imperial mosque located at the top of the 5th Hill of Istanbul, Turkey, in the neighborhood of Çukurbostan, overlooking the Golden Horn.

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Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque

The Yıldız Hamidiye Mosque (Yıldız Hamidiye Camii), also called the Yıldız Mosque (Yıldız Camii), is an Ottoman imperial mosque located in Yıldız neighbourhood of Beşiktaş district in Istanbul, Turkey, on the way to Yıldız Palace.

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Yıldız Palace

Yıldız Palace (Yıldız Sarayı) is a vast complex of former imperial Ottoman pavilions and villas in Istanbul, Turkey, built in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Yeni Valide Mosque

The Yeni Valide Mosque (Yeni Valide Camii) is an 18th-century Ottoman mosque in the Üsküdar district of Istanbul, Turkey.

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Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi

Yirmisekiz Mehmed Çelebi Efendi (died 1732), also Mehmed Efendi (sometimes spelled Mehemet Effendi in France), was an Ottoman statesman who was delegated as ambassador by the Sultan Ahmed III to Louis XV's France in 1720.

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Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha

Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha (died October 1761), earlier in his life known as Mehmed Said Efendi (sometimes spelled Sahid Mehemet Effendi in France), was an Ottoman statesman and diplomat.

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Zagan Pasha

Zaganos Pasha (Zağanos Paşa; fl. 1446 – 1462 or 1469) was an Ottoman military commander, with the titles and ranks of kapudan pasha and the highest military rank, grand vizier, during the reign of Sultan Mehmed II "the Conqueror".

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Zeynep Sultan Mosque

The Zeynep Sultan Mosque (in Turkish Zeynep Sultan Camii) is a mosque built in 1769 by Ayazma Mosque's architect Mehmet Tahir Ağa for Ahmed III's daughter Zeynep Sultan.

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Ziya Gökalp

Mehmed Ziya Gökalp (23 March 1876 – 25 October 1924) was a Turkish sociologist, writer, poet, and political activist.

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1913 Ottoman coup d'état

The 1913 Ottoman coup d'état (January 23, 1913), also known as the Raid on the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî Baskını), was a coup d'état carried out in the Ottoman Empire by a number of Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) members led by Ismail Enver Bey and Mehmed Talaat Bey, in which the group made a surprise raid on the central Ottoman government buildings, the Sublime Porte (Bâb-ı Âlî).

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31 March Incident

The 31 March Incident (31 Mart Vakası, 31 Mart Olayı, 31 Mart Hadisesi, or 31 Mart İsyanı) was the defeat of the Ottoman countercoup of 1909 by the Hareket Ordusu ("Army of Action"), which was the 11th Salonika Reserve Infantry Division of the Third Army stationed in the Balkans and commanded by Mahmud Shevket Pasha on 24 April 1909.

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Index of Ottoman Empire-related articles.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_articles_related_to_the_Ottoman_Empire

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