Communication

669 relations: Above-the-line (filmmaking), Academy Award for Technical Achievement, Academy Awards, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Achromatic lens, Acousmatic sound, Acting, Actinism, Active shutter 3D system, Actor, Actuality film, Adobe After Effects, Adobe Premiere Elements, Adobe Premiere Pro, Aerial image, Aliasing, Alliance Atlantis, American Cinema Editors, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, American Film Institute, American Indian Film Festival, American National Standards Institute, American shot, American Society of Cinematographers, Anamorphic format, Angénieux retrofocus, Angle of view, Angular resolution, Animation, Animation camera, Animation director, Animator, Anime, Answer print, Anti-aliasing filter, Aperture, Apparatus theory, Arc lamp, Arri, Arri bayonet, Arri PL, Arri standard, Arriflex D-20, Art department, Art director, Art film, Aspect ratio (image), Assistant director, Audio engineer, Audio mixing, ..., Audio-to-video synchronization, Audition, Auteur, Autoconform, Autodesk 3ds Max, Autodesk Maya, Autodesk Media and Entertainment, Autoethnography, Autofocus, Available light, Avar (animation variable), Avid (company), AVS Video Editor, Axial cut, B movie, B-roll, Background light, Backlighting (lighting design), Backlot, Bailin bracket, Balloon light, Bayer filter, Below-the-line (filmmaking), Best boy, Beta movement, Billing (filmmaking), Bird's-eye view, Black and white, Blaxploitation, Bleach bypass, Body double, Bolex, Bollywood, Boom operator (media), Boom shot, Breaking down the script, Breathing (lens), British Academy of Film and Television Arts, British Board of Film Classification, British Film Institute, British Independent Film Awards, Bronson Canyon, Burnt-in timecode, Butterfly (lighting), C-stand, Cahiers du cinéma, Callier effect, Cameo appearance, Cameo lighting, Camera angle, Camera dolly, Camera lens, Camera magazine, Camera operator, Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood, Cannes Film Festival, Casting (performing arts), Casting couch, Catering, César Award, Celluloid ceiling, Cellulose acetate film, Changing bag, Character animation, Charisma, Chiaroscuro, Chroma key, Chromatic aberration, Chronophotography, Cinéma vérité, Cinelerra, Cinema 16, CinemaDNG, CineMagic (filmmaking), CinemaScope, Cinematheque, Cinematic techniques, Cinematographer, Cinematography, Cineon, CinePaint, Cinephilia, Cinerama, Circle of confusion, Circle-Vision 360°, Clapper loader, Clapperboard, Close-up, Closed captioning, Closing credits, Cold open, Color correction, Color gel, Color grading, Color magazine (lighting), Color rendering index, Columbia Pictures, Compositing, Composition (visual arts), Computer-generated imagery, Continuity (fiction), Continuity editing, Cooke triplet, Costume design, Costume designer, Craft service, Crane shot, Creative Artists Agency, Creative geography, Cross-cutting, Cross-dressing in film and television, Cue (theatrical), Cult film, Cutaway (filmmaking), Cutting on action, Dailies, Dance film, Day for night, Deep focus, Depth of field, Depth-of-field adapter, Development hell, Dialogue editor, Dichroism, Diffraction, Digital audio, Digital audio workstation, Digital cinema, Digital Cinema Initiatives, Digital cinematography, Digital compositing, Digital image processing, Digital intermediate, Digital Light Processing, Digital Negative, Digital Picture Exchange, Digital video, Digital Visual Interface, Digital zoom, Director's cut, Directorial beat, Directors Guild of America, Dissolve (filmmaking), Distortion (optics), DMX512, Docudrama, Documentary film, Dolby Digital, Dolby Theatre, Dolly grip, Dolly zoom, Double-system recording, Drawn-on-film animation, Dream sequence, DreamWorks, DreamWorks Animation, DTS (sound system), Dubbing (filmmaking), Dubbing (music), Dutch angle, DV, DVD, Dykstraflex, Eclair (company), Ed Limato, Edit decision list, Editor's cut, Electrotachyscope, Ellipsoid, Entertainment law, Establishing shot, Experimental film, Exposure latitude, Extra (acting), Eyepiece, F-number, Fade (audio engineering), Fan film, Fast cutting, Feminist film theory, Field of view, Fill light, Film, Film colorization, Film crew, Film criticism, Film director, Film distributor, Film editing, Film festival, Film format, Film frame, Film gate, Film genre, Film leader, Film look, Film modification, Film noir, Film plane, Film preservation, Film producer, Film recorder, Film scanner, Film school, Film score, Film speed, Film stock, Film studio, Film styles, Film synchronizer, Film theory, Film transition, Film treatment, Film-out, Filming location, Filmmaking, Final cut privilege, Final Cut Pro, First National Pictures, Fisheye lens, Flange focal distance, Flashing arrow, Flashtube, Flatbed editor, Flicker fusion threshold, Focal length, Focus (optics), Focus puller, Focusing screen, Foley (filmmaking), Follow focus, Follow shot, Footage, Forced perspective, Foreshadowing, Formalist film theory, Found footage (film technique), Fourth wall, Frame rate, Frazier lens, Freeze-frame shot, French hours, French impressionist cinema, Fresnel lantern, Fresnel lens, Full frame, Gaffer (filmmaking), Gaffer tape, Genesis (camera), Genie Awards, German Expressionism, Go motion, Gobo (lighting), Godspot, Golden Globe Award, Green-light, Greensman, Grip (job), Hand-held camera, HandBrake, Hard and soft light, Hard disk recorder, Hidden camera, HiDef, High-angle shot, High-intensity discharge lamp, High-key lighting, High-speed camera, Historical period drama, History of film, Hollywood, Hollywood accounting, Hollywood cycles, Hollywood North, Home video, Horror film, Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp, Hyperfocal distance, IMAX, IMDb, IMovie, In-camera effect, Independent film, Index of articles related to motion pictures, Industrial Light & Magic, Insert (filmmaking), Intelligent lighting, Interlaced video, Intermittent mechanism, International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Interruptible foldback, Intertitle, Iso-elastic, Italian neorealism, Jaggies, Jib (camera), Jump cut, Key grip, Key light, Keykode, Kinemacolor, Kinescope, Kinetoscope, Kino-Pravda, Kinopanorama, Klieg light, Kuleshov effect, Lekolite, Lens (optics), Lens flare, Lens hood, Letterboxing (filming), Light fixture, Light meter, Lighting, Lighting control console, Lighting designer, Lighting technician, LightWave 3D, Lightworks, Line producer, Linear filter, Linear timecode, Linear video editing, List of drug films, List of film institutes, List of films shot in Harlem, List of highest-grossing films, List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada, List of Soviet films of the year by ticket sales, List of transgender characters in film and television, Location manager, Location scouting, Location shooting, Log line, Long shot, Long take, Low-angle shot, Low-key lighting, Lucasfilm, Lucasfilm Animation, Lumapanel, Machinima, Magic lantern, Make-up artist, Marxist film theory, Master shot, Match cut, Match moving, Matte (filmmaking), Medium shot, Method acting, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Mexican standoff, Microphone, Middle Ages in film, MIDI timecode, Mini35, Mise-en-scène, Mixing console, Mockumentary, Montage (filmmaking), Mood lighting, Motion blur, Motion capture, Motion Picture Association of America, Motion Picture Association of America film rating system, Motion picture content rating system, Motion Picture Production Code, Movie camera, Movie projector, Movie star, Movie theater, Movietone sound system, Moviola, Multiplane camera, Multiple-camera setup, Music sequencer, Music supervisor, Musical film, Narrative film, Narrativity, National Association of Theatre Owners, National Film Board of Canada, National Film Preservation Board, National Film Registry, National Science and Media Museum, Negative cutting, Negative pickup deal, Neo-noir, New Queer Cinema, Newsreel, Nickelodeon (movie theater), Nitrocellulose, Noise reduction, Non-diegetic insert, Non-linear editing system, Normal lens, Offline editing, Oktoskop, One-light, Online editing, Open-source film, OpenEXR, Opening credits, Optical printer, Original camera negative, Orphan film, Outline of film, Outtake, Paley Center for Media, Pan and scan, Panavision, Panchromatic film, Parabolic aluminized reflector light, Paramount Pictures, Persistence of vision, Perspective distortion (photography), Phi phenomenon, Photographic film, Photographic filter, Photometry (optics), Pinnacle Studio, Pinscreen animation, Pitch (filmmaking), Pixar, Pixilation, Plot (narrative), Point-of-view shot, Political cinema, Pop filter, Pornographic film, Post-production, PowerAnimator, Practical effect, Praxinoscope, Pre-production, Premium Picture Productions, Principal photography, Producers Guild of America, Production assistant, Production company, Production designer, Production sets, Production sound mixer, Progressive scan, Proof of concept, Propaganda film, Property master, Psychoanalytic film theory, Publicist, Pundit, PV mount, Racking focus, Raster graphics, Re-can, Re-recording mixer, Reaction shot, Read-through, Redress, Reflector (photography), Refractive index, Reframing (filmmaking), Remake, Rembrandt lighting, Rendering (computer graphics), Reversal film, RGB color model, Rostrum camera, Rotary disc shutter, Rotoscoping, Rough cut, Rule of thirds, Runaway production, Satellite television, Scoop (theater), Screen Actors Guild, Screen direction, Screen test, Screenplay, Screenwriter, Screenwriting, Screenwriting software, Screwball comedy film, Scrim (lighting), Script breakdown, Script doctor, Script supervisor, Second unit, Secondary animation, Sellmeier equation, Sequence (filmmaking), Serial film, Set construction, Set decorator, Set dresser, Sex in film, Shake (software), Shallow focus, Shaw Brothers Studio, Shooting ratio, Shooting script, Short end, Short film, Shot (filmmaking), Shot reverse shot, Shutter speed, Silent film, Single-camera setup, Skywalker Sound, Slit-scan photography, Slow cutting, Slow motion, SMPTE color bars, SMPTE timecode, Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Sony Pictures, Sound design, Sound editor (filmmaking), Sound effect, Sound film, Sound recording and reproduction, Sound stage, Soundtrack, Soviet montage theory, Special effect, Split screen (video production), Spotlight (theatre lighting), Spydercam, Stage combat, Stage lighting, Stage lighting accessories, Stage lighting instrument, Stand-in, Star Wars, Step outline, Stereoscopy, Stock footage, Stop motion, Striplight, Structuralist film theory, Stunt, Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures, Substitution splice, Subtitle (captioning), Sundance Institute, Superimposition, Surround sound, Suspension of disbelief, Swing gang, Sync sound, Talent agent, Tally light, Technicolor, Technirama, Techniscope, Telecine, Teleconverter, Television crew, Television film, Tessar, Test screening, The Blair Witch Project, The Celluloid Closet, The Hollywood Reporter, The Walt Disney Company, Theatrical property, Three-point lighting, Tilt (camera), Time-lapse photography, Title sequence, Toronto International Film Festival, Tracking shot, Trailer (promotion), Trilogy, Two shot, Universal Pictures, Utility sound technician, Varicam, Variety (magazine), Vegas Pro, Venice Film Festival, Vertical interval timecode, Video, Video assist, Video tap, Viewfinder, Vignetting, Virtual camera system, VistaVision, Visual effects, Vitascope, Voice acting, Walla, Warner Bros., Weta Workshop, WGA screenwriting credit system, Wide-angle lens, Widelux, Widescreen, Wipe (transition), Wire removal, Wire-frame model, Wireless microphone, Women's cinema, Workprint, Writers Guild of America, X rating, Xenon arc lamp, Zoetrope, Zoom lens, Zoopraxiscope, 16 mm film, 180-degree rule, 35 mm film, 3D film, 3D lookup table, 3Delight, 70 mm film. Expand index (619 more) » « Shrink index

Above-the-line (filmmaking)

"Above-the-line" refers to the list of individuals who guide and influence the creative direction, process, and voice of a given narrative in a film and related expenditures.

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Academy Award for Technical Achievement

The Technical Achievement Award is one of three Scientific and Technical Awards given from time to time by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

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Academy Awards

The Academy Awards, also known as the Oscars, are a set of 24 awards for artistic and technical merit in the American film industry, given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy's voting membership.

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Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS (often pronounced as am-pas), also known as simply the Academy) is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures.

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Achromatic lens

An achromatic lens or achromat is a lens that is designed to limit the effects of chromatic and spherical aberration.

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Acousmatic sound

Acousmatic sound is sound that is heard without an originating cause being seen.

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Acting

Acting is an activity in which a story is told by means of its enactment by an actor or actress who adopts a character—in theatre, television, film, radio, or any other medium that makes use of the mimetic mode.

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Actinism

Actinism is the property of solar radiation that leads to the production of photochemical and photobiological effects.

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Active shutter 3D system

An active shutter 3D system (a.k.a. alternate frame sequencing, alternate image, AI, alternating field, field sequential or eclipse method) is a technique of displaying stereoscopic 3D images.

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Actor

An actor (often actress for women; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance.

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Actuality film

The actuality film is a non-fiction film genre that, like the documentary film, uses footage of real events, places, and things, yet unlike the documentary is not structured into a larger argument, picture of the phenomenon or coherent whole.

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Adobe After Effects

Adobe After Effects is a digital visual effects, motion graphics, and compositing application developed by Adobe Systems and used in the post-production process of film making and television production.

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Adobe Premiere Elements

Adobe Premiere Elements is a video editing software published by Adobe Systems.

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Adobe Premiere Pro

Adobe Premiere Pro is a timeline-based video editing app developed by Adobe Systems and published as part of the Adobe Creative Cloud licensing program.

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Aerial image

An aerial image is a projected image which is "floating in air", and cannot be viewed normally.

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Aliasing

In signal processing and related disciplines, aliasing is an effect that causes different signals to become indistinguishable (or aliases of one another) when sampled.

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Alliance Atlantis

Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc. (formerly traded as TSX:AAC) was a Canadian-American media company that operated primarily as a specialty service operator in Canada.

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American Cinema Editors

Founded in 1950, American Cinema Editors (ACE) is an honorary society of film editors that are voted in based on the qualities of professional achievements, their education of others, and their dedication to editing.

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American Federation of Television and Radio Artists

The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) was a performers' union that represented a wide variety of talent, including actors in radio and television, radio and television announcers and newspersons, singers and recording artists (both royalty artists and background singers), promo and voice-over announcers and other performers in commercials, stunt persons and specialty acts—as the organization itself publicly stated, "AFTRA's membership includes an array of talent".

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American Film Institute

The American Film Institute (AFI) is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the motion picture arts in the United States.

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American Indian Film Festival

The American Indian Film Festival is an annual non-profit film festival in San Francisco, California, United States.

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American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

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American shot

"American shot" is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, "plan américain" and refers to a medium-long ("knee") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera.

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American Society of Cinematographers

The American Society of Cinematographers (ASC), founded in 1919, is an educational, cultural, and professional organization.

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Anamorphic format

Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio.

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Angénieux retrofocus

The Angénieux retrofocus photographic lens is a wide-angle lens design that uses an inverted telephoto configuration.

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Angle of view

In photography, angle of view (AOV) describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera.

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Angular resolution

Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

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Animation

Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images.

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Animation camera

An animation camera, a type of rostrum camera, is a movie camera specially adapted for frame-by-frame shooting of animation.

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Animation director

An animation director is the director in charge of all aspects of the animation process during the production of an animated film or an animated segment for a live action film or television.

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Animator

An animator is an artist who creates multiple images, known as frames, which give an illusion of movement called animation when displayed in rapid sequence.

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Anime

Anime is a style of hand-drawn and computer animation originating in, and commonly associated with, Japan.

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Answer print

Answer print refers to the first version of a given motion picture that is printed to film after color correction on an interpositive.

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Anti-aliasing filter

An anti-aliasing filter (AAF) is a filter used before a signal sampler to restrict the bandwidth of a signal to approximately or completely satisfy the sampling theorem over the band of interest.

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Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.

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Apparatus theory

Apparatus theory, derived in part from Marxist film theory, semiotics, and psychoanalysis, was a dominant theory within cinema studies during the 1970s, following the 1960s when psychoanalytical theories for film were popular.

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Arc lamp

An arc lamp or arc light is a lamp that produces light by an electric arc (also called a voltaic arc).

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Arri

The Arri Group is a global supplier of motion picture film equipment.

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Arri bayonet

Arri bayonet is a lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm movie camera lenses.

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Arri PL

Arri PL is a lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm movie cameras.

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Arri standard

Arri standard is a lens mount developed by Arri for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm movie cameras.

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Arriflex D-20

The Arriflex D-20 is a film-style digital motion picture camera made by Arri first introduced in November 2005.

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Art department

Art department in filmmaking terms means the section of a production's crew concerned with visual artistry.

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Art director

Art director is the title for a variety of similar job functions in theater, advertising, marketing, publishing, fashion, film and television, the Internet, and video games.

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Art film

An art film is typically a serious, independent film, aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience.

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Aspect ratio (image)

The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height.

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Assistant director

The role of an assistant director on a film includes tracking daily progress against the filming production schedule, arranging logistics, preparing daily call sheets, checking cast and crew, and maintaining order on the set.

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Audio engineer

An audio engineer (also sometimes recording engineer or a vocal engineer) helps to produce a recording or a performance, editing and adjusting sound tracks using equalization and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound.

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Audio mixing

Audio mixing is the process by which multiple sounds are combined into one or more channels.

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Audio-to-video synchronization

Audio-to-video synchronization (also known as lip sync, or by the lack of it: lip sync error, lip flap) refers to the relative timing of audio (sound) and video (image) parts during creation, post-production (mixing), transmission, reception and play-back processing.

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Audition

An audition is a sample performance by an actor, singer, musician, dancer or other performer.

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Auteur

An auteur ('author') is an artist, such as a film director, who applies a highly centralized and subjective control to many aspects of a collaborative creative work.

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Autoconform

Autoconform is the video editing post production process where an online editing system combines a timecode based edit decision list (EDL) created from an offline editing system with the original video and audio source material to produce a version of the edited video which is a high quality (usually broadcast quality) analogue of the programme produced in the offline editing system.

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Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio and 3D Studio Max, is a professional 3D computer graphics program for making 3D animations, models, games and images.

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Autodesk Maya

Autodesk Maya, commonly shortened to Maya, is a 3D computer graphics application that runs on Windows, macOS and Linux, originally developed by Alias Systems Corporation (formerly Alias|Wavefront) and currently owned and developed by Autodesk, Inc. It is used to create interactive 3D applications, including video games, animated film, TV series, or visual effects.

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Autodesk Media and Entertainment

Autodesk Media and Entertainment, including the former company Discreet Logic, is based in Montreal, Quebec as the entertainment division of Autodesk.

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Autoethnography

Autoethnography, is a form of qualitative research in which an author uses self-reflection and writing to explore their personal experience and connect this autobiographical story to wider cultural, political, and social meanings and understandings.

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Autofocus

An autofocus (or AF) optical system uses a sensor, a control system and a motor to focus on an automatically or manually selected point or area.

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Available light

In photography and cinematography, available light or ambient light refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking photos.

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Avar (animation variable)

An avar or animation variable (or hinge) is a variable controlling the position of part of an animated object, such as a character.

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Avid (company)

Avid Technology (often known and styled as Avid) is an American technology and multimedia company founded in August 1987 by Bill Warner, based in Burlington, Massachusetts.

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AVS Video Editor

AVS Video Editor is a video editing software published by Online Media Technologies Ltd.

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Axial cut

An axial cut is a type of jump cut, where the camera suddenly moves closer to or further away from its subject, along an invisible line drawn straight between the camera and the subject.

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B movie

A B movie or B film is a low-budget commercial movie, but not an arthouse film.

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B-roll

In film and television production, B-roll, B roll, B-reel or B reel is supplemental or alternative footage intercut with the main shot.

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Background light

A background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set.

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Backlighting (lighting design)

In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back.

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Backlot

A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a movie studio, containing permanent exterior buildings for outdoor scenes in filmmaking or television productions, or space for temporary set construction.

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Bailin bracket

The Bailin bracket is a piece of grip equipment used in film production.

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Balloon light

Balloon lights (also called lighting balloons) are a specialized type of luminaire used primarily for lighting in the motion picture industry, night highway construction, incident management, and public security applications such as police checkpoints.

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Bayer filter

A Bayer filter mosaic is a color filter array (CFA) for arranging RGB color filters on a square grid of photosensors.

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Below-the-line (filmmaking)

"Below-the-line" is a term derived from the top sheet of a film budget for motion pictures, television programs, industrial films, independent films, student films and documentaries as well as commercials.

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Best boy

In a film crew there are two kinds of best boy: best boy electric and best boy grip.

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Beta movement

Beta movement is an optical illusion, first described by Max Wertheimer in 1912, whereby a series of static images on a screen creates the illusion of a smoothly flowing scene.

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Billing (filmmaking)

Billing is a performing arts term used in referring to the order and other aspects of how credits are presented for plays, films, television, or other creative works.

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Bird's-eye view

A bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object from above, with a perspective as though the observer were a bird, often used in the making of blueprints, floor plans, and maps.

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Black and white

Black and white, often abbreviated B/W or B&W, and hyphenated black-and-white when used as an adjective, is any of several monochrome forms in visual arts.

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Blaxploitation

Blaxploitation or blacksploitation is an ethnic subgenre of the exploitation film that emerged in the United States during the early 1970s.

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Bleach bypass

Bleach bypass, also known as skip bleach or silver retention, is an optical effect which entails either the partial or complete skipping of the bleaching function during the processing of a color film.

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Body double

In filmmaking, a body double is a person who substitutes in a scene for another actor such that the person's face is not shown.

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Bolex

Bolex is a trade mark registered October 1924 for Charles Haccius and Jacques Bogopolsky.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Boom operator (media)

A boom operator is an assistant of the production sound mixer.

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Boom shot

"A Boom shot, Jib shot, or Crane shot refer to high-angle shots, sometimes with the camera moving.".

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Breaking down the script

The process of breaking down the script occurs after the producer reads through the screenplay once.

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Breathing (lens)

Breathing refers to the shifting of angle of view of a lens when changing the focus.

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British Academy of Film and Television Arts

The British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) is an independent charity that supports, develops and promotes the art forms of the moving image – film, television and game in the United Kingdom.

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British Board of Film Classification

The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), previously the British Board of Film Censors, is a non-governmental organization, founded by the film industry in 1912 and responsible for the national classification and censorship of films exhibited at cinemas and video works (such as television programmes, trailers, adverts, public Information/campaigning films, menus, bonus content etc.) released on physical media within the United Kingdom.

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British Film Institute

The British Film Institute (BFI) is a film and charitable organisation which promotes and preserves filmmaking and television in the United Kingdom.

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British Independent Film Awards

The British Independent Film Awards (BIFA) is an organisation that celebrates, supports and promotes British independent cinema and filmmaking talent in United Kingdom.

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Bronson Canyon

Bronson Canyon, or Bronson Caves, is a section of Griffith Park in Los Angeles that has become known as a filming location for many movies and TV shows, especially westerns and science fiction, from the early days of motion pictures to the present.

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Burnt-in timecode

Burnt-in timecode (often abbreviated to BITC by analogy to VITC) is a human-readable on-screen version of the timecode information for a piece of material superimposed on a video image.

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Butterfly (lighting)

In cinematography, butterflies (also known as overheads) are structures on which materials are mounted so to control lighting in a scene or photograph.

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C-stand

In film production, a C-stand (or Century stand) is primarily used to position light modifiers, such as silks, nets, or flags, in front of light sources.

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Cahiers du cinéma

Cahiers du Cinéma (Notebooks on Cinema) is a French film magazine founded in 1951 by André Bazin, Jacques Doniol-Valcroze and Joseph-Marie Lo Duca.

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Callier effect

The Callier effect is the variation in contrast of images produced by a photographic film with different manners of illumination.

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Cameo appearance

A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves.

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Cameo lighting

Cameo lighting in film is a spotlight that accentuates a single person and maybe a few props in a scene.

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Camera angle

The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie camera or video camera is placed to take a shot.

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Camera dolly

A camera dolly is a wheeled cart or similar device used in filmmaking and television production to create smooth horizontal camera movements.

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Camera lens

A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.

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Camera magazine

A camera magazine is a light-tight chamber or pair of chambers designed to hold film and move motion picture film stock before and after it has been exposed in the camera.

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Camera operator

A camera operator, sometimes informally called a cameraman, is a professional operator of a film or video camera.

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Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood

Motion pictures have been a part of the culture of Canada since the industry began.

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Cannes Film Festival

The Cannes Festival (Festival de Cannes), named until 2002 as the International Film Festival (Festival international du film) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival, is an annual film festival held in Cannes, France, which previews new films of all genres, including documentaries from all around the world.

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Casting (performing arts)

In the performing arts industry such as Theatre, Film, or Television, a casting (or casting call) is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay.

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Casting couch

The casting couch, casting-couch syndrome, or casting-couch mentality is the demanding of sexual favors by an employer or person in a position of power and authority, from an apprentice employee, or subordinate to a superior in return for entry into an occupation, or for other career advancement within an organization.

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Catering

Catering is the business of providing food service at a remote site or a site such as a hotel, hospital, pub, aircraft, cruise ship, park, filming site or studio, entertainment site, or event venue.

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César Award

The César Award is the national film award of France.

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Celluloid ceiling

The celluloid ceiling is a metaphor for the underrepresentation of women in creative positions in Hollywood.

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Cellulose acetate film

Cellulose acetate film, or safety film, is used in photography as a base material for photographic emulsions.

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Changing bag

A changing bag is a photographic bag specifically designed to be light-proof while in use.

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Character animation

Character animation is a specialized area of the animation process, which involves bringing animated s to life.

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Charisma

The term charisma (pl. charismata, adj. charismatic) has two senses.

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Chiaroscuro

Chiaroscuro (Italian for light-dark), in art, is the use of strong contrasts between light and dark, usually bold contrasts affecting a whole composition.

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Chroma key

Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a visual effects/post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range).

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Chromatic aberration

In optics, chromatic aberration (abbreviated CA; also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point.

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Chronophotography

Chronophotography is an antique photographic technique from the Victorian era (beginning about 1867–68), which captures movement in several frames of print.

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Cinéma vérité

Cinéma vérité ("truthful cinema") is a style of documentary filmmaking, invented by Jean Rouch, inspired by Dziga Vertov's theory about Kino-Pravda and influenced by Robert Flaherty’s films.

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Cinelerra

Cinelerra is a video editing and compositing software package.

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Cinema 16

Cinema 16 was a New York City-based film society founded by Amos Vogel.

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CinemaDNG

CinemaDNG is the result of an Adobe-led initiative to define an industry-wide open file format for digital cinema files.

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CineMagic (filmmaking)

CineMagic is the name of a film process invented by Norman Maurer and 3-D movie producer Sid Pink for the 1959 science-fiction film The Angry Red Planet to cast a red glow over scenes depicting the surface of Mars.

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CinemaScope

CinemaScope is an anamorphic lens series used, from 1953 to 1967, for shooting widescreen movies.

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Cinematheque

A cinematheque is a typically small motion-picture theater that specializes in historically important, experimental, avant-garde, or art-house films.

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Cinematic techniques

This article contains a list of cinematic techniques that are divided into categories and briefly described.

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Cinematographer

A cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the chief over the camera and light crews working on a film, television production or other live action piece and is responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image.

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Cinematography

Cinematography (also called Direction of Photography) is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.

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Cineon

The Cineon System was one of the first computer based digital film system created by Kodak in the early 1990s.

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CinePaint

CinePaint is an open source computer program for painting and retouching bitmap frames of films.

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Cinephilia

Cinephilia (also cinemaphilia or filmophilia) is the term used to refer to a passionate interest in films, film theory, and film criticism.

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Cinerama

Cinerama is a widescreen process that originally projected images simultaneously from three synchronized 35 mm projectors onto a huge, deeply curved screen, subtending 146° of arc.

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Circle of confusion

In optics, a circle of confusion is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source.

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Circle-Vision 360°

Circle-Vision 360° is a film technique, refined by The Walt Disney Company, that uses nine cameras for nine big screens arranged in a circle.

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Clapper loader

A clapper loader or second assistant camera (2nd AC) is part of a film crew whose main functions are that of loading the raw film stock into camera magazines, operating the clapperboard (slate) at the beginning of each take, marking the actors as necessary, and maintaining all records and paperwork for the camera department.

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Clapperboard

A clapperboard is a device used in filmmaking and video production to assist in synchronizing of picture and sound, and to designate and mark the various scenes and takes as they are filmed and audio-recorded.

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Close-up

A close up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object.

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Closed captioning

Closed captioning (CC) and subtitling are both processes of displaying text on a television, video screen, or other visual display to provide additional or interpretive information.

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Closing credits

Closing credits or end credits are a list of the cast and crew of a particular motion picture, television program, or video game.

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Cold open

A cold open (also called a teaser, or just a cold, especially in production circles) is a narrative tactic used in television and/or films.

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Color correction

Color correction by using color gels, or filters, is a process used in stage lighting, photography, television, cinematography, and other disciplines, the intention of which is to alter the overall color of the light; typically the light color is measured on a scale known as color temperature, as well as along a green–magenta axis orthogonal to the color temperature axis.

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Color gel

A color gel or color filter (British spelling: colour gel or colour filter), also known as lighting gel or simply gel, is a transparent colored material that is used in theater, event production, photography, videography and cinematography to color light and for color correction.

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Color grading

Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture, video image, or still image electronically, photo-chemically or digitally.

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Color magazine (lighting)

A color magazine is a fixture attached to a follow spot that places different color filters in the path of the beam.

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Color rendering index

A color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

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Columbia Pictures

Columbia Pictures Industries, Inc. (commonly known as Columbia Pictures and Columbia, formerly CBC Film Sales Corporation, and stylized as COLUMBIA) is an American film studio, production company and film distributor that is a member of the Sony Pictures Motion Picture Group, a division of Sony Entertainment's Sony Pictures subsidiary of the Japanese multinational conglomerate Sony Corporation.

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Compositing

Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene.

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Composition (visual arts)

In the visual arts, composition is the placement or arrangement of visual elements or 'ingredients' in a work of art, as distinct from the subject.

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Computer-generated imagery

Computer-generated imagery (CGI) is the application of computer graphics to create or contribute to images in art, printed media, video games, films, television programs, shorts, commercials, videos, and simulators.

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Continuity (fiction)

In fiction, continuity is consistency of the characteristics of people, plot, objects, and places seen by the reader or viewer over some period of time.

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Continuity editing

Continuity editing is the process, in film and video creation, of combining more-or-less related shots, or different components cut from a single shot, into a sequence so as to direct the viewer's attention to a pre-existing consistency of story across both time and physical location.

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Cooke triplet

The Cooke triplet is a photographic lens designed and patented (patent number GB 22,607) in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by T. Cooke & Sons of York.

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Costume design

Costume design is the investing of clothing and the overall appearance of a character or performer.

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Costume designer

A costume designer is a person who designs costumes for a film, stage production or television.

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Craft service

In film, television and video production, craft service is the department which provides food service and beverages to other departments such as camera, sound, electricians, grips, props, art director, set decorator, special effects, hair and make-up, background.

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Crane shot

In filmmaking and video production, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib.

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Creative Artists Agency

Creative Artists Agency LLC or CAA is an American talent and sports agency based in Los Angeles, California.

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Creative geography

Creative geography, or artificial landscape, is a film making technique invented by the early Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov sometime around the 1920s.

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Cross-cutting

Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and usually in the same place.

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Cross-dressing in film and television

Cross-dressing in motion pictures began in the early days of the silent films.

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Cue (theatrical)

A theatrical cue is the trigger for an action to be carried out at a specific time.

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Cult film

A cult film or cult movie, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following.

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Cutaway (filmmaking)

In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

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Cutting on action

Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.

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Dailies

Dailies, in filmmaking, are the raw, unedited footage shot during the making of a motion picture.

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Dance film

A dance film is a film in which dance is used to reveal the central themes of the film, whether these themes be connected to narrative or story, states of being, or more experimental and formal concerns.

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Day for night

Day for night is a set of cinematic techniques used to simulate a night scene while filming in daylight.

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Deep focus

Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field.

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Depth of field

In optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, the optical phenomenon known as depth of field (DOF), is the distance about the Plane of Focus (POF) where objects appear acceptably sharp in an image.

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Depth-of-field adapter

A depth-of-field adapter (often shortened to DOF adapter) is used to achieve shallow depth of field on a video camera whose fixed lens or interchangeable lens selection is limited or economically prohibitive at providing such effect.

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Development hell

Development hell or development limbo is media industry jargon for a project that remains in development (often moving between different crews, scripts, or studios) without progressing to completion.

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Dialogue editor

The dialogue editor is a type of sound editor who assembles, synchronizes, and edits all the dialogue in a film or television production.

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Dichroism

In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), or one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts.

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Diffraction

--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

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Digital audio

Digital audio is audio, or simply sound, signal that has been recorded as or converted into digital form, where the sound wave of the audio signal is encoded as numerical samples in continuous sequence, typically at CD audio quality which is 16 bit sample depth over 44.1 thousand samples per second.

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Digital audio workstation

A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files.

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Digital cinema

Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to distribute or project motion pictures as opposed to the historical use of reels of motion picture film, such as 35 mm film.

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Digital Cinema Initiatives

Digital Cinema Initiatives, LLC (DCI) is a joint venture of major motion picture studios, formed to establish a standard architecture for digital cinema systems.

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Digital cinematography

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock.

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Digital compositing

Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display.

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Digital image processing

In computer science, Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images.

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Digital intermediate

Digital intermediate (typically abbreviated to DI) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics.

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Digital Light Processing

Digital Light Processing (DLP) is a display device based on optical micro-electro-mechanical technology that uses a digital micromirror device.

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Digital Negative

Digital Negative (DNG) is a patented, open, non-free lossless raw image format written by Adobe used for digital photography.

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Digital Picture Exchange

Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a common file format for digital intermediate and visual effects work and is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (268M-2003).

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Digital video

Digital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data.

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Digital Visual Interface

Digital Visual Interface (DVI) is a video display interface developed by the Digital Display Working Group (DDWG).

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Digital zoom

Digital zoom is a method of decreasing the apparent angle of view of a digital photographic or video image.

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Director's cut

A director's cut is an edited version of a film (or television episode, music video, commercial, or video game) that is supposed to represent the director's own approved edit.

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Directorial beat

A directorial beat is a unit of script analysis representing the smallest defined action in a play script, typically an exchange of behaviours between characters in a script.

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Directors Guild of America

The Directors Guild of America (DGA) is an entertainment guild which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad.

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Dissolve (filmmaking)

In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another.

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Distortion (optics)

In geometric optics, distortion is a deviation from rectilinear projection; a projection in which straight lines in a scene remain straight in an image.

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DMX512

DMX512 (Digital Multiplex) is a standard for digital communication networks that are commonly used to control stage lighting and effects.

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Docudrama

A docudrama (or documentary drama) is a genre of radio and television programming, feature film, and staged theatre, which features dramatized re-enactments of actual events.

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Documentary film

A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.

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Dolby Digital

Dolby Digital is the name for audio compression technologies developed by Dolby Laboratories.

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Dolby Theatre

The Dolby Theatre (formerly known as the Kodak Theatre) is a live-performance auditorium in the Hollywood and Highland Center shopping mall and entertainment complex, on Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue, in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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Dolly grip

In cinematography, the dolly grip is a dedicated technician trained to operate the camera dolly.

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Dolly zoom

The dolly zoom is an in-camera effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception.

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Double-system recording

Double-system recording is a form of sound recording used in motion picture production whereby the sound for a scene is recorded on a machine that is separate from the camera or picture-recording apparatus.

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Drawn-on-film animation

Drawn-on-film animation, also known as direct animation or animation without camera, is an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, as opposed to any other form of animation where the images or objects are photographed frame by frame with an animation camera.

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Dream sequence

A dream sequence is a technique used in storytelling, particularly in television and film, to set apart a brief interlude from the main story.

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DreamWorks

DreamWorks Pictures (also known as DreamWorks SKG or DreamWorks Studios, commonly referred to as DreamWorks) is an American film production label of Amblin Partners.

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DreamWorks Animation

DreamWorks Animation, LLC (more commonly known as DreamWorks Animation and DreamWorks Animation SKG, or simply DreamWorks) is an American animation studio that is a subsidiary of Universal Pictures.

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DTS (sound system)

DTS (Dedicated To Sound) is a series of multichannel audio technologies owned by Xperi Corporation (formerly known as Digital Theater Systems, Inc.), an American company specializing in digital surround sound formats used for both commercial/theatrical and consumer grade applications.

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Dubbing (filmmaking)

Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.

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Dubbing (music)

In sound recording, dubbing is the transfer or copying of previously recorded audio material from one medium to another of the same or a different type.

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Dutch angle

The Dutch angle, also known as Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle, is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame.

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DV

DV is a format for storing digital video.

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DVD

DVD (an abbreviation of "digital video disc" or "digital versatile disc") is a digital optical disc storage format invented and developed by Philips and Sony in 1995.

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Dykstraflex

The Dykstraflex was the first digital motion control photography camera system, named after its primary developer John Dykstra.

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Eclair (company)

Eclair is a business unit of Ymagis Group offering creative and distribution services for the motion pictures industries across Europe and North America such as editing, color grading, restoration, digital and theatrical delivery, versioning.

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Ed Limato

Edward Frank "Ed" Limato (July 10, 1936 – July 3, 2010) was an American talent agent and a senior vice president at the William Morris Agency, representing clients such as Michelle Pfeiffer, Nicolas Cage, Mel Gibson, Steve Martin, Diana Ross, Richard Gere, and Denzel Washington.

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Edit decision list

An edit decision list or EDL is used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing.

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Editor's cut

An editor's cut of a motion picture is made by the film editor on their own, or working with the film director.

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Electrotachyscope

The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which presents the illusion of motion with transparent serial photographs, chronophotographs, arranged on a spinning wheel of fortune or mandala-like glass disc, significant as a technological development in the history of cinema.

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Ellipsoid

An ellipsoid is a surface that may be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation.

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Entertainment law

Entertainment law, also referred to as media law is legal services provided to the entertainment industry.

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Establishing shot

An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.

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Experimental film

Experimental film, experimental cinema or avant-garde cinema is a mode of filmmaking that rigorously re-evaluates cinematic conventions and explores non-narrative forms and alternatives to traditional narratives or methods of working.

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Exposure latitude

Exposure latitude is the extent to which a light-sensitive material can be overexposed or underexposed and still achieve an acceptable result.

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Extra (acting)

A background actor or extra is a performer in a film, television show, stage, musical, opera or ballet production, who appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene).

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Eyepiece

An eyepiece, or ocular lens, is a type of lens that is attached to a variety of optical devices such as telescopes and microscopes.

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F-number

The f-number of an optical system (such as a camera lens) is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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Fade (audio engineering)

In audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an audio signal.

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Fan film

A fan film is a film or video inspired by a film, television program, comic book or a similar source, created by fans rather than by the source's copyright holders or creators.

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Fast cutting

Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e.g. 3 seconds or less).

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Feminist film theory

Feminist film theory is a theoretical film criticism derived from feminist politics and feminist theory.

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Field of view

The field of view is the extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.

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Fill light

In television, film, stage, or photographic lighting, a fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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Film

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.

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Film colorization

Film colorization (or colourisation) is any process that adds color to black-and-white, sepia, or other monochrome moving-picture images.

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Film crew

A film crew is a group of people, hired by a production company, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture.

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Film criticism

Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films and the film medium.

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Film director

A film director is a person who directs the making of a film.

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Film distributor

A film distributor is responsible for the marketing of a film.

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Film editing

Film editing is a technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking.

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Film festival

A film festival is an organized, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually in a single city or region.

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Film format

A film format is a technical definition of a set of standard characteristics regarding image capture on photographic film, for either stills or filmmaking.

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Film frame

In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture.

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Film gate

The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light.

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Film genre

A film genre is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film (namely, serious, comic, etc.). Most theories of film genre are borrowed from literary genre criticism.

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Film leader

A film leader is a length of film attached to the head or tail of a film to assist in threading a projector or telecine.

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Film look

Film look (also known as filmizing or film-look) is a process in which video images are altered in overall appearance to appear to have been shot on film.

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Film modification

The term film modification can be used in general for any form of modification of a film to suit the distributor or the audience's politics or age.

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Film noir

Film noir is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly those which emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations.

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Film plane

A film plane is the area inside any camera or image taking device with a lens and film or digital sensor upon which the lens creates the focused image.

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Film preservation

Film preservation, or film restoration, describes a series of ongoing efforts among film historians, archivists, museums, cinematheques, and non-profit organizations to rescue decaying film stock and preserve the images which they contain.

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Film producer

A film producer is a person who oversees the production of a film.

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Film recorder

A film recorder is a graphical output device for transferring digital images to photographic film.

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Film scanner

A film scanner is a device made for scanning photographic film directly into a computer without the use of any intermediate printmaking.

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Film school

A film school is any educational institution dedicated to teaching aspects of filmmaking, including such subjects as film production, film theory, digital media production, and screenwriting.

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Film score

A film score (also sometimes called background score, background music, film soundtrack, film music, or incidental music) is original music written specifically to accompany a film.

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Film speed

Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system.

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Film stock

Film stock is an analog medium that is used for recording motion pictures or animation.

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Film studio

title.

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Film styles

Film styles are recognizable film techniques used by filmmakers to give specific changes or value to their work.

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Film synchronizer

A film synchronizer is a device used in the editing phase of filmmaking.

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Film theory

Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of cinema studies that questions the essentialism of cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large.

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Film transition

A film transition is a technique used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing by which scenes or shots are combined.

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Film treatment

A film treatment (or simply treatment) is a piece of prose, typically the step between scene cards (index cards) and the first draft of a screenplay for a motion picture, television program, or radio play.

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Film-out

Film-out is the process in the computer graphics, video production and filmmaking disciplines of transferring images or animation from videotape or digital files to a traditional film print.

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Filming location

A filming location is a place where some or all of a film or television series is produced, in addition to or instead of using sets constructed on a movie studio backlot or soundstage.

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Filmmaking

Filmmaking (or, in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film, generally in the sense of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition.

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Final cut privilege

Final cut privilege (final cut right) is a film industry term, usually meaning the right of a director to decide how a film is ultimately released for public viewing.

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Final Cut Pro

Final Cut Pro is a series of non-linear video editing software programs first developed by Macromedia Inc. and later Apple Inc. The most recent version, Final Cut Pro X 10.4.2, runs on Intel-based Mac computers powered by macOS High Sierra or later.

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First National Pictures

First National Pictures was an American motion picture production and distribution company.

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Fisheye lens

A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

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Flange focal distance

For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance (FFD) (also known as the flange-to-film distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance (FBD), flange focal length (FFL), or register, depending on the usage and source) of a lens mount system is the distance from the mounting flange (the metal ring on the camera and the rear of the lens) to the film plane.

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Flashing arrow

A flashing arrow is a metaphorical audiovisual cue used in films to bring some object or situation that will be referred later, or otherwise used in the advancement of plot, to the attention of the viewers.

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Flashtube

A flashtube, also called a flashlamp, is an electric arc lamp designed to produce extremely intense, incoherent, full-spectrum white light for very short durations.

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Flatbed editor

A flatbed editor is a type of machine used to edit film for a motion picture.

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Flicker fusion threshold

The flicker fusion threshold (or flicker fusion rate) is a concept in the psychophysics of vision.

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Focal length

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light.

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Focus (optics)

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is the point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.

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Focus puller

A focus puller, or 1st assistant camera, is a member of a film crew's camera department whose primary responsibility is to maintain image sharpness on whatever subject or action is being filmed.

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Focusing screen

A focusing screen is a flat translucent material, either a ground glass or fresnel lens, found in a system camera that allows the user of the camera to preview the framed image in a viewfinder.

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Foley (filmmaking)

Foley (named after sound-effects artist Jack Foley) is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality.

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Follow focus

A follow focus is a focus control mechanism used in filmmaking with film cameras and in television production with professional video cameras.

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Follow shot

Follow shot is a specific camera angle in which the subject being filmed is seemingly pursued by the camera, for example by a Steadicam.

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Footage

In filmmaking and video production, footage is raw, unedited material as originally filmed by a movie camera or recorded by a video camera, which typically must be edited to create a motion picture, video clip, television show or similar completed work.

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Forced perspective

Forced perspective is a technique which employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is.

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Foreshadowing

Foreshadowing is a literary device in which a writer gives an advance hint of what is to come later in the story.

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Formalist film theory

Formalist film theory is a theory of film study that is focused on the formal, or technical, elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing.

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Found footage (film technique)

Found footage is a film subgenre in which all or a substantial part of the work is presented as if it were discovered film or video recordings.

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Fourth wall

The fourth wall is a performance convention in which an invisible, imagined wall separates actors from the audience.

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Frame rate

Frame rate (expressed in or fps) is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images called frames appear on a display.

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Frazier lens

The Frazier lens is a special camera lens designed by Australian photographer Jim Frazier.

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Freeze-frame shot

In film and video, a freeze frame is when a single frame of content shows repeatedly on the screen—"freezing" the action.

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French hours

"French hours" is a term used in the film and television industries, when there is no break for lunch during a film shoot.

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French impressionist cinema

French impressionist cinema (first avant-garde or narrative avant-garde) refers to a group of French films and filmmakers of the 1920s.

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Fresnel lantern

A Fresnel lantern (pronounced frəˈnɛl or fruh-nel) is a common lantern used in theatre, which employs a Fresnel lens to wash light over an area of the stage.

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Fresnel lens

A Fresnel lens is a type of compact lens originally developed by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel for lighthouses.

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Full frame

In cinematography, full frame refers to the use of the full film gate at maximum width and height for 35 mm film cameras.

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Gaffer (filmmaking)

A gaffer in the motion picture industry and on a television crew is the head electrician, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production.

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Gaffer tape

Gaffer tape (also known as gaffer's tape or gaff tape as well as camera tape and spike tape for narrow, coloured gaffer tape) is a heavy cotton cloth pressure-sensitive tape with strong adhesive and tensile properties.

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Genesis (camera)

The Genesis is Panavision's high-end digital movie camera, which uses a proprietary, full frame 35 mm-width, 1.78:1 (16:9) aspect ratio, 12.4-megapixel, RGB filtered CCD.

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Genie Awards

The Genie Awards were given out annually by the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television to recognize the best of Canadian cinema from 1980-2012.

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German Expressionism

German Expressionism consisted of a number of related creative movements in Germany before the First World War that reached a peak in Berlin during the 1920s.

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Go motion

Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation which incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion.

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Gobo (lighting)

A gobo is a stencil or template placed inside or in front of a light source to control the shape of the emitted light.

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Godspot

A Godspot is an effect used in stage lighting for the theatre.

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Golden Globe Award

Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign.

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Green-light

To green-light is to give permission or a go ahead to move forward with a project.

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Greensman

A greensman or greensperson or greenskeeper is any production personnel on a film set who is responsible for obtaining and taking care of anything "green" or natural used in the film production.

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Grip (job)

In the U.S. and Canada, grips are technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries.

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Hand-held camera

Hand-held camera or hand-held shooting is a filmmaking and video production technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands as opposed to being mounted on a tripod or other base.

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HandBrake

HandBrake is a free and open-source transcoder for digital video files, originally developed in 2003 by Eric Petit (a.k.a. "titer" from his SVN repository username) to make ripping a film from a DVD to a data storage device easier.

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Hard and soft light

Hard and soft light are different types of lighting that are commonly used in photography and filmmaking.

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Hard disk recorder

A hard disk recorder (HDR) is a system that uses a high-capacity hard disk to record digital audio or digital video.

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Hidden camera

A hidden camera or spy camera or security camera is a still or video camera used to record people without their knowledge.

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HiDef

HiDef (short for high definition), also called 24p, is a 24 frames-per-second digital video format for high-resolution capture of motion pictures.

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High-angle shot

A high-angle shot is a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up." High-angle shots can make the subject seem vulnerable or powerless when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects.

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High-intensity discharge lamp

High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

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High-key lighting

High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene.

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High-speed camera

A high-speed camera is a device capable of capturing moving images with exposures of less than 1/1,000 second or frame rates in excess of 250 frames per second.

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Historical period drama

The term historical period drama (also historical drama, period drama, costume drama, and period piece) refers to a work set in a past time period, usually used in the context of film and television.

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History of film

Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures.

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Hollywood

Hollywood is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.

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Hollywood accounting

Hollywood accounting (also known as Hollywood bookkeeping) refers to the opaque or creative accounting methods used by the film, video, and television industry to budget and record profits for film projects.

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Hollywood cycles

In the classic era of the cinema of the United States (1930 – 1945) "cycles" or genres matured.

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Hollywood North

Hollywood North is a colloquialism used to describe film production industries and/or film locations north of its namesake, Hollywood, California.

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Home video

Home video is pre-recorded video media that is either sold, rented or streamed for home entertainment.

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Horror film

A horror film is a film that seeks to elicit a physiological reaction, such as an elevated heartbeat, through the use of fear and shocking one’s audiences.

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Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp

Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, or HMI, is the trademark name of Osram's brand of metal-halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp, made specifically for film and entertainment applications.

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Hyperfocal distance

In optics and photography, hyperfocal distance is a distance beyond which all objects can be brought into an "acceptable" focus.

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IMAX

IMAX is a system of high-resolution cameras, film formats and film projectors.

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IMDb

IMDb, also known as Internet Movie Database, is an online database of information related to world films, television programs, home videos and video games, and internet streams, including cast, production crew and personnel biographies, plot summaries, trivia, and fan reviews and ratings.

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IMovie

iMovie is a video editing software application sold by Apple Inc. for the Mac and iOS (iPhone, iPad, iPad Mini and iPod Touch).

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In-camera effect

An in-camera effect is any special effect in a video or movie that is created solely by using techniques in and on the camera and/or its parts.

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Independent film

An independent film, independent movie, indie film or indie movie is a feature film that is produced outside the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies.

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Index of articles related to motion pictures

The film industry is built upon a large number of technologies and techniques, drawing upon photography, stagecraft, music, and many other disciplines.

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Industrial Light & Magic

Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas.

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Insert (filmmaking)

In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot.

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Intelligent lighting

Intelligent lighting refers to stage lighting that has automated or mechanical abilities beyond those of traditional, stationary illumination.

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Interlaced video

Interlaced video is a technique for doubling the perceived frame rate of a video display without consuming extra bandwidth.

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Intermittent mechanism

The intermittent mechanism or intermittent movement is the device by which film is regularly advanced and then held in place for a brief duration of time in a movie camera or movie projector.

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International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees

The International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, or IATSE (full name: International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States, Its Territories and Canada), is a labor union representing over 140,000 technicians, artisans and craftspersons in the entertainment industry, including live theatre, motion picture and television production, and trade shows.

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Interruptible foldback

Interruptible foldback (IFB), also known as interrupted foldback, interruptible feedback, or interrupt for broadcast is a monitoring and cueing system used in television, filmmaking, video production, and radio broadcast for one-way communication from the director or assistant director to on-air talent or a remote location.

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Intertitle

In films, an intertitle (also known as a title card) is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (i.e. inter-) the photographed action at various points.

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Iso-elastic

In engineering, iso-elastic refers to a system of elastic and tensile parts (springs and pulleys) which are arranged in a configuration which serves to isolate physical motion at one end from affecting the same motion at the other end.

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Italian neorealism

Italian neorealism (Neorealismo), also known as the Golden Age, is a national film movement characterized by stories set amongst the poor and the working class, filmed on location, frequently using non-professional actors.

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Jaggies

"Jaggies" is the informal name for artifacts in raster images, most frequently from aliasing, which in turn is often caused by non-linear mixing effects producing high-frequency components or missing or poor anti-aliasing filtering prior to sampling.

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Jib (camera)

In cinematography, a jib is a boom device with a camera on one end, and a counterweight and camera controls on the other.

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Jump cut

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly if at all.

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Key grip

In US and Canadian filmmaking, the key grip supervises all grip (lighting and rigging) crews and reports to the director of photography.

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Key light

The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup.

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Keykode

Keykode (also written as either KeyKode or KeyCode) is an Eastman Kodak Company advancement on edge numbers, which are letters, numbers and symbols placed at regular intervals along the edge of 35 mm and 16 mm film to allow for frame-by-frame specific identification.

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Kinemacolor

Kinemacolor was the first successful color motion picture process, used commercially from 1908 to 1914.

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Kinescope

Kinescope, shortened to kine, also known as telerecording in Britain, is a recording of a television program on motion picture film, directly through a lens focused on the screen of a video monitor.

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Kinetoscope

The Kinetoscope is an early motion picture exhibition device.

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Kino-Pravda

Kino-Pravda (translation) was a series of 23 newsreels by Dziga Vertov, Elizaveta Svilova, and Mikhail Kaufman.

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Kinopanorama

Kinopanorama is a three-lens, three-film widescreen film format.

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Klieg light

A Klieg light is an intense carbon arc lamp especially used in filmmaking.

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Kuleshov effect

The Kuleshov effect is a film editing (montage) effect demonstrated by Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s.

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Lekolite

A Lekolite (often abbreviated to Leko) is a brand of ellipsoidal reflector spotlight (ERS) used in stage lighting.

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Lens (optics)

A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.

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Lens flare

Lens flare refers to a phenomenon wherein light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable artifact within the image.

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Lens hood

In photography, a lens hood or lens shade is a device used on the front end of a lens to block the Sun or other light source(s) to prevent glare and lens flare.

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Letterboxing (filming)

Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio.

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Light fixture

A light fixture (US English), light fitting (UK English), or luminaire is an electrical device that contains an electric lamp that provides illumination.

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Light meter

A light meter is a device used to measure the amount of light.

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Lighting

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect.

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Lighting control console

A lighting control console (also called a lightboard, lighting board, or lighting desk) is an electronic device used in theatrical lighting design to control multiple lights at once.

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Lighting designer

A theatre lighting designer (or LD) works with the director, choreographer, set designer, costume designer, and sound designer to create the lighting, atmosphere, and time of day for the production in response to the text, while keeping in mind issues of visibility, safety, and cost.

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Lighting technician

Electrical lighting technicians (ELT) or simply lighting tech., are involved with rigging stage and location sets and controlling artificial, electric lights for art and entertainment venues (theatre or live music venues) or in video, television, or film production.

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LightWave 3D

LightWave 3D is a 3D computer graphics software developed by NewTek.

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Lightworks

Lightworks is a professional non-linear editing system (NLE) for editing and mastering digital video in various formats, including 2K and 4K resolutions, and television in PAL, NTSC, and high-definition formats.

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Line producer

A line producer is a type of film producer who is the key manager during daily operations of a feature film, advertisement film, television film, or an episode of a TV program.

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Linear filter

Linear filters process time-varying input signals to produce output signals, subject to the constraint of linearity.

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Linear timecode

Linear (or Longitudinal) Timecode (LTC) is an encoding of SMPTE timecode data in an audio signal, as defined in SMPTE 12M specification.

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Linear video editing

Linear video editing is a video editing post-production process of selecting, arranging and modifying images and sound in a predetermined, ordered sequence.

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List of drug films

Drug films are films that depict either drug distribution or drug use, whether as a major theme or in a few memorable scenes.

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List of film institutes

Some notable institutions celebrating film, including both national film institutes and independent and non-profit organizations.

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List of films shot in Harlem

This is a list of films shot in Harlem, in New York City.

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List of highest-grossing films

Films generate income from several revenue streams, including theatrical exhibition, home video, television broadcast rights and merchandising.

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List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada

The following is a list of the highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada, a market known in the film industry as the North American box office and the domestic box office, and where "gross" is defined in US dollars.

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List of Soviet films of the year by ticket sales

Here are the films of the USSR with the greatest number of ticket sales during the year in question.

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List of transgender characters in film and television

This is a list of films with transgender people and transgender fictional characters.

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Location manager

The location manager is a member of the film crew responsible for finding and securing locations to be used, obtaining all fire, police and other governmental permits, and coordinating the logistics for the production to complete its work.

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Location scouting

Location scouting is a vital process in the pre-production stage of filmmaking and commercial photography.

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Location shooting

Location shooting is the shooting of a film or television production in a real-world setting rather than a sound stage or backlot.

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Log line

A log line or logline is a brief (usually one-sentence) summary of a television program, film, or book that states the central conflict of the story, often providing both a synopsis of the story's plot, and an emotional "hook" to stimulate interest.

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Long shot

In photography, filmmaking and video production, a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or, and to remove ambiguity, wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.

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Long take

In filmmaking, a long take is a shot lasting much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general.

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Low-angle shot

In cinematography, a low-angle shot, is a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up.

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Low-key lighting

Low-key lighting is a style of lighting for photography, film or television.

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Lucasfilm

Lucasfilm Ltd.

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Lucasfilm Animation

Lucasfilm Animation Ltd.

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Lumapanel

The Lumapanel is a motion picture light designed in the 1990s.

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Machinima

Machinima is the use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production.

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Magic lantern

The magic lantern, also known by its Latin name lanterna magica, is an early type of image projector employing pictures painted, printed or produced photographically on transparent plates (usually made of glass), one or more lenses, and a light source.

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Make-up artist

Special effects makeup techniques A make-up artist or makeup artist is an artist whose medium is the human body, applying makeup and prosthetics on others for theatrical, television, film, fashion, magazines and other similar productions including all aspects of the modeling industry.

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Marxist film theory

Marxist film theory is one of the oldest forms of film theory.

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Master shot

A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view.

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Match cut

In film, a match cut is a cut from one shot to another where the two shots are matched by the action or subject and subject matter.

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Match moving

In cinematography, match moving is a cinematic technique that allows the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage with correct position, scale, orientation, and motion relative to the photographed objects in the shot.

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Matte (filmmaking)

Mattes are used in photography and special effects filmmaking to combine two or more image elements into a single, final image.

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Medium shot

In film, a medium shot, mid shot (MS), or waist shot is a camera angle shot from a medium distance.

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Method acting

Method acting is a range of training and rehearsal techniques that seek to encourage sincere and emotionally expressive performances, as formulated by a number of different theatre practitioners, principally in the United States, where it is among the most popular—and controversial—approaches to acting.

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Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. (initialized as MGM or hyphenated as M-G-M, also known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer or simply Metro, and for a former interval known as Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, or MGM/UA) is an American media company, involved primarily in the production and distribution of feature films and television programs.

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Mexican standoff

A Mexican standoff is a confrontation between two or amongst three or more parties in which no strategy exists that allows any party to achieve victory.

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Microphone

A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal.

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Middle Ages in film

Medieval films imagine and portray the Middle Ages through the visual, audio and thematic forms of cinema.

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MIDI timecode

MIDI time code (MTC) embeds the same timing information as standard SMPTE timecode as a series of small 'quarter-frame' MIDI messages.

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Mini35

A P+S Technik Mini35 adapter is a depth-of-field adapter for use with 35 mm lenses on a video camera while maintaining identical depth of field and angle of view as the same lens on a 35 mm camera.

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Mise-en-scène

Mise-en-scène ("placing on stage") is an expression used to describe the design aspect of a theatre or film production, which essentially means "visual theme" or "telling a story"—both in visually artful ways through storyboarding, cinematography and stage design, and in poetically artful ways through direction.

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Mixing console

In sound recording and reproduction, and sound reinforcement systems, a mixing console is an electronic device for combining sounds of many different audio signals.

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Mockumentary

A mockumentary (a portmanteau of mock and documentary) or docucomedy is a type of movie or television show depicting fictional events but presented as a documentary.

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Montage (filmmaking)

Montage is a technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.

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Mood lighting

Mood lighting is igniting or illumination, designed to create a temporary state of mind or feeling.

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Motion blur

Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation.

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Motion capture

Motion capture (Mo-cap for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people.

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Motion Picture Association of America

The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) is an American trade association representing the six major film studios of Hollywood.

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Motion Picture Association of America film rating system

The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film's suitability for certain audiences based on its content.

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Motion picture content rating system

A motion picture content rating system is designated to classify films with regard to suitability for audiences in terms of issues such as sex, violence, substance abuse, profanity, impudence or other types of mature content.

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Motion Picture Production Code

The Motion Picture Production Code was the set of industry moral guidelines that was applied to most United States motion pictures released by major studios from 1930 to 1968.

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Movie camera

The movie camera, film camera or cine-camera is a type of photographic camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on an image sensor or on a film.

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Movie projector

A movie projector is an opto-mechanical device for displaying motion picture film by projecting it onto a screen.

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Movie star

A movie star (also known as a film star and cinema star) is an actor who is famous for their starring, or leading, roles in motion pictures.

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Movie theater

A movie theater/theatre (American English), cinema (British English) or cinema hall (Indian English) is a building that contains an auditorium for viewing films (also called movies) for entertainment.

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Movietone sound system

The Movietone sound system is an optical sound-on-film method of recording sound for motion pictures that guarantees synchronization between sound and picture.

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Moviola

A Moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view a film while editing.

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Multiplane camera

The multiplane camera is a motion-picture camera used in the traditional animation process that moves a number of pieces of artwork past the camera at various speeds and at various distances from one another.

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Multiple-camera setup

The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production.

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Music sequencer

A music sequencer (or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling note and performance information in several forms, typically CV/Gate, MIDI, or Open Sound Control (OSC), and possibly audio and automation data for DAWs and plug-ins.

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Music supervisor

A music supervisor is a person who combines music and visual media.

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Musical film

The musical film is a film genre in which songs sung by the characters are interwoven into the narrative, sometimes accompanied by dancing.

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Narrative film

Narrative film, fictional film or fiction film is a film that tells a fictional or fictionalized story, event or narrative.

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Narrativity

In film theory, narrativity refers to the processes by which a story is both presented by the filmmaker and interpreted by the viewer.

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National Association of Theatre Owners

The National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) is a trade organization based in the United States whose members are the owners of movie theaters.

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National Film Board of Canada

The National Film Board of Canada (or simply National Film Board or NFB) (French: Office national du film du Canada, or ONF) is Canada's public film and digital media producer and distributor.

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National Film Preservation Board

The United States National Film Preservation Board (NFPB) is the board selecting films for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.

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National Film Registry

The National Film Registry (NFR) is the United States National Film Preservation Board's (NFPB) selection of films deserving of preservation.

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National Science and Media Museum

The National Science and Media Museum (formerly the National Media Museum), located in Bradford, West Yorkshire, is part of the national Science Museum Group.

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Negative cutting

Negative cutting (also known as negative matching and negative conforming) is the process of cutting motion picture negative to match precisely the final edit as specified by the film editor.

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Negative pickup deal

In film production, a negative pickup is a contract entered into by an independent producer and a movie studio wherein the studio agrees to purchase the movie from the producer at a given date and for a fixed sum.

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Neo-noir

Neo-noir is a modern or contemporary motion picture rendition of film noir.

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New Queer Cinema

"New Queer Cinema" is a term first coined by the academic B. Ruby Rich in Sight & Sound magazine in 1992 to define and describe a movement in queer-themed independent filmmaking in the early 1990s.

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Newsreel

A newsreel is a form of short documentary film, containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the late 1960s.

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Nickelodeon (movie theater)

The nickelodeon was the first type of indoor exhibition space dedicated to showing projected motion pictures.

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Nitrocellulose

Nitrocellulose (also known as cellulose nitrate, flash paper, flash cotton, guncotton, and flash string) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose through exposure to nitric acid or another powerful nitrating agent.

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Noise reduction

Noise reduction is the process of removing noise from a signal.

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Non-diegetic insert

In film, diegesis refers to the story world, and the events that occur within it.

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Non-linear editing system

Non-destructive editing is a form of audio, video or image editing where the original content is not modified in the course of editing, instead the edits are specified and modified by specialized software.

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Normal lens

In photography and cinematography, a normal lens is a lens that reproduces a field of view that appears "natural" to a human observer.

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Offline editing

Offline editing is part of the post-production process of filmmaking and television production in which raw footage is copied and the copy only is then edited, thereby not affecting the camera original film stock or video tape.

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Oktoskop

Oktoskop is a weekly TV show aired on Okto, a cable TV channel based in Vienna, Austria.

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One-light

A one-light is a timed workprint made using a single setting of the three lights (red, green and blue) used to make a color film print.

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Online editing

Online editing is a post-production linear video editing process that is performed in the final stage of a video production.

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Open-source film

Open-source films (also known as open-content films and free-content films) are films which are produced and distributed by using free and open-source and open content methodologies.

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OpenEXR

OpenEXR is a high dynamic range raster file format, released as an open standard along with a set of software tools created by Industrial Light and Magic (ILM), under a free software license similar to the BSD license.

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Opening credits

In a motion picture, television program or video game, the opening credits or opening titles are shown at the very beginning and list the most important members of the production.

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Optical printer

An optical printer is a device consisting of one or more film projectors mechanically linked to a movie camera.

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Original camera negative

The original camera negative (OCN) is the film in a traditional film-based movie camera which captures the original image.

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Orphan film

An orphan film is a motion picture work that has been abandoned by its owner or copyright holder; also, any film that has suffered neglect.

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Outline of film

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to film: Film – refers to motion pictures as individual projects and to the field in general.

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Outtake

An outtake is a portion of a work (usually a film or music recording) that is removed in the editing process and not included in the work's final, publicly released version.

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Paley Center for Media

The Paley Center for Media, formerly the Museum of Television & Radio (MT&R) and the Museum of Broadcasting, founded in 1975 by William S. Paley, is an American cultural institution in New York and Los Angeles dedicated to the discussion of the cultural, creative, and social significance of television, radio, and emerging platforms for the professional community and media-interested public.

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Pan and scan

Pan and scan is a method of adjusting widescreen film images so that they can be shown in fullscreen proportions of a standard definition 4:3 aspect ratio television screen, often cropping off the sides of the original widescreen image to focus on the composition's most important aspects.

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Panavision

Panavision is an American motion picture equipment company specializing in cameras and lenses, based in Woodland Hills, California.

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Panchromatic film

Panchromatic emulsion is a type of black-and-white photographic emulsion that is sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light.

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Parabolic aluminized reflector light

A parabolic aluminized reflector lamp (also PARCAN light, PARcan, or simply PAR) is a type of electric lamp that is widely used in commercial, residential, and transportation illumination.

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Paramount Pictures

Paramount Pictures Corporation (also known simply as Paramount) is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994.

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Persistence of vision

Persistence of vision refers to the optical illusion that occurs when visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye.

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Perspective distortion (photography)

In photography and cinematography, perspective distortion is a warping or transformation of an object and its surrounding area that differs significantly from what the object would look like with a normal focal length, due to the relative scale of nearby and distant features.

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Phi phenomenon

The phi phenomenon is the optical illusion of perceiving a series of still images, when viewed in rapid succession, as continuous motion.

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Photographic film

Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent plastic film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals.

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Photographic filter

In photography and videography, a filter is a camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted into the optical path.

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Photometry (optics)

Photometry is the science of the measurement of light, in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye.

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Pinnacle Studio

Pinnacle Studio is a video editing program originally developed by Pinnacle Systems as the consumer-level counterpart to Pinnacle's former professional-level software, Liquid Edition.

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Pinscreen animation

Pinscreen animation makes use of a screen filled with movable pins, which can be moved in or out by pressing an object onto the screen.

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Pitch (filmmaking)

A pitch is a concise verbal (and sometimes visual) presentation of an idea for a film or TV series generally made by a screenwriter or film director to a film producer or studio executive in the hope of attracting development finance to pay for the writing of a screenplay.

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Pixar

Pixar Animation Studios, commonly referred to as Pixar, is an American computer animation movie studio based in Emeryville, California that is a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company.

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Pixilation

Pixilation (from pixilated) is a stop motion technique where live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject in an animated film, by repeatedly posing while one or more frame is taken and changing pose slightly before the next frame or frames.

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Plot (narrative)

Plot refers to the sequence of events inside a story which affect other events through the principle of cause and effect.

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Point-of-view shot

A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera).

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Political cinema

Political cinema in the narrow sense of the term is a cinema which portrays current or historical events or social conditions in a partisan way in order to inform or to agitate the spectator.

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Pop filter

A pop filter or pop shield is a noise protection filter for microphones, typically used in a recording studio.

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Pornographic film

Pornographic films, or sex films, are films that present sexually explicit subject matter for the purpose of sexual arousal and erotic satisfaction of the viewer.

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Post-production

Post-production is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography.

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PowerAnimator

PowerAnimator and Animator, also referred to simply as "Alias", the precursor to what is now Maya and StudioTools, was a highly integrated industrial 3D modeling, animation, and visual effects suite.

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Practical effect

A practical effect is a special effect produced physically, without computer-generated imagery or other post production techniques.

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Praxinoscope

The praxinoscope was an animation device, the successor to the zoetrope.

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Pre-production

Pre-production is the process of fixing some of the elements involved in a film, play, or other performance.

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Premium Picture Productions

Premium Picture Productions is a former movie studio located in Beaverton, Oregon, which was active in the early 1920s.

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Principal photography

Film production on location in Newark, New Jersey, April 2004. Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production.

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Producers Guild of America

The Producers Guild of America (PGA) is a trade association representing television producers, film producers and New Media producers in the United States.

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Production assistant

A production assistant, also known as a PA, is a member of the film crew and is a job title used in filmmaking and television for a person responsible for various aspects of a production.

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Production company

A production company, production house, or production studio is a company that produces performing arts, new media art, film, television, radio, comics, interactive arts, video games, websites, and videos.

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Production designer

In film and television, a production designer (or P. D.) is the person responsible for the overall visual look of the production.

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Production sets

A production set is a place constructed to create the illusion of a real or imagined place.

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Production sound mixer

A production sound mixer, location sound recordist, location sound engineer or simply sound mixer is the member of a film crew or television crew responsible for recording all sound recording on set during the filmmaking or television production using professional audio equipment, for later inclusion in the finished product, or for reference to be used by the sound designer, sound effects editors, or foley artists.

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Progressive scan

Progressive scanning (alternatively referred to as noninterlaced scanning) is a way of displaying, storing, or transmitting moving images in which all the lines of each frame are drawn in sequence.

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Proof of concept

Proof of concept (PoC) is a realization of a certain method or idea in order to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle with the aim of verifying that some concept or theory has practical potential.

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Propaganda film

A propaganda film is a film that involves some form of propaganda.

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Property master

The property master, often called the prop(s) master, is an artistic and organizational employee in a film, television or theatrical production who is responsible for purchasing, acquiring, manufacturing, properly placing, and/or overseeing any props needed for a production.

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Psychoanalytic film theory

Psychoanalytic film theory is a school of academic thought that evokes of the concepts of psychoanalysts Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan.

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Publicist

A publicist is a person whose job is to generate and manage publicity for a company, a brand, or public figure- especially a celebrity- or for a work such as a book, film or album.

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Pundit

A pundit is a person who offers to mass media his or her opinion or commentary on a particular subject area (most typically political analysis, the social sciences, technology or sport) on which he or she is knowledgeable (or can at least appear to be knowledgeable), or considered a scholar in said area.

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PV mount

A PV mount is a lens mount developed by Panavision for use with both 16 mm and 35 mm film and digital movie cameras of various sensor sizes.

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Racking focus

A rack focus in filmmaking and television production is the practice of changing the focus of the lens during a shot.

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Raster graphics

In computer graphics, a raster graphics or bitmap image is a dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels (points of color), viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium.

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Re-can

A re-can is a roll of film stock which was originally opened up from a factory-sealed can and loaded into a camera magazine by a clapper loader, but remained unshot and thus was unloaded back into a film can unused.

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Re-recording mixer

A re-recording mixer in North America, also known as a dubbing mixer in Europe, is a post-production audio engineer who mixes recorded dialogue, sound effects and music to create the final version of a soundtrack for a feature film, television program, or television advertisement.

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Reaction shot

In motion picture film production, cinematography and video production, a reaction shot is a shot which cuts away from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a character to it, a basic unit of film grammar.

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Read-through

The read-through, table-read, or table work is a stage of film, television, radio, and theatre production when an organized reading around a table of the screenplay or script by the actors with speaking parts is conducted.

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Redress

In film, a redress is the redecoration of an existing movie set, so that it can double for another set.

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Reflector (photography)

In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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Refractive index

In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium.

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Reframing (filmmaking)

In film, reframing is a change in camera angle without a cut and can include changing the focus of the scene.

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Remake

A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier film or TV series and tells the same, or a very similar, story.

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Rembrandt lighting

Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography.

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Rendering (computer graphics)

Rendering or image synthesis is the automatic process of generating a photorealistic or non-photorealistic image from a 2D or 3D model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file) by means of computer programs.

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Reversal film

In photography, reversal film is a type of photographic film that produces a positive image on a transparent base.

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RGB color model

The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.

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Rostrum camera

A rostrum camera is a specially designed camera used in television production and filmmaking to animate a still picture or object.

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Rotary disc shutter

A rotary disc shutter is a type of shutter.

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Rotoscoping

Rotoscoping is an animation technique that animators use to trace over motion picture footage, frame by frame, to produce realistic action.

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Rough cut

In filmmaking, the rough cut is the second of three stages of offline editing.

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Rule of thirds

The rule of thirds is a "rule of thumb" or guideline which applies to the process of composing visual images such as designs, films, paintings, and photographs.

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Runaway production

Runaway production is a term used by the American film industry to describe filmmaking and television productions that are "intended for initial release/exhibition or television broadcast in the U.S., but are actually filmed in another country." In a 2005 production report by the Center for Entertainment Industry Data and Research (CEIDR), the trend of runaway productions is more frequently linked to American films and television being lured away from U.S. locations to out-of-country locations.

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Satellite television

Satellite television is a service that delivers television programming to viewers by relaying it from a communications satellite orbiting the Earth directly to the viewer's location.

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Scoop (theater)

In stage lighting, an ellipsoidal reflector floodlight (sometimes known by the acronym ERF which is often pronounced "erf"), better known as a scoop, is a large, simple lighting fixture with a dome-like reflector, large high-wattage lamp and no lens.

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Screen Actors Guild

The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) was an American labor union which represented over 100,000 film and television principal and background performers worldwide.

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Screen direction

In film editing, video editing and post production, screen direction is the direction that actors or objects appear to be moving on the screen from the point of view of the camera or audience.

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Screen test

A screen test is a method of determining the suitability of an actor or actress for performing on film or in a particular role.

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Screenplay

A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program.

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Screenwriter

A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter for short), scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs, comics or video games, are based.

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Screenwriting

Screenwriting, also called scriptwriting, is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games.

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Screenwriting software

Screenwriting software are word processors specialized to the task of writing screenplays.

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Screwball comedy film

Screwball comedy is a genre of comedy film that became popular during the Great Depression, originating in the early 1930s and thriving until the early 1940s.

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Scrim (lighting)

A scrim is a device used in the film and television industries, as well as by photographers, to modify properties of light.

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Script breakdown

A script breakdown is an intermediate step in the production of a play, film, comic book, or any other work that is originally planned using a script.

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Script doctor

A script doctor, also called a script consultant, is a writer or playwright hired by a film, television or theatre production to rewrite an existing script or polish specific aspects of it, including structure, characterization, dialogue, pacing, themes and other elements.

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Script supervisor

A script supervisor (also called continuity supervisor) is a member of a film crew and oversees the continuity of the motion picture including wardrobe, props, set dressing, hair, makeup and the actions of the actors during a scene.

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Second unit

Second unit is a discrete team of filmmakers tasked with filming shots or sequences of a production, separate from the main or "first" unit.

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Secondary animation

Secondary animation also known as secondary motion, is used to refer to flat motions that are generated as a reaction to the movement of primary motion by a character.

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Sellmeier equation

The Sellmeier equation is an empirical relationship between refractive index and wavelength for a particular transparent medium.

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Sequence (filmmaking)

In film, a sequence is a series of scenes that form a distinct narrative unit, which is usually connected either by unity of location or unity of time.

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Serial film

A serial, film serial, movie serial or chapter play, is a motion picture form popular during the first half of the 20th century, consisting of a series of short subjects exhibited in consecutive order at one theater, generally advancing weekly, until the series is completed.

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Set construction

Set construction is the process undertaken by a construction manager to build full-scale scenery, as specified by a production designer or art director working in collaboration with the director of a production to create a set for a theatrical, film or television production.

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Set decorator

The set decorator is the head of the set decoration department in the film and television industry, responsible for selecting, designing, fabricating, and sourcing the "set dressing" elements of each set in a Feature Film, Television, or New Media episode or commercial, in support the story and characters of the script.

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Set dresser

A set dresser in drama (theater, film etc.) prepares the set with props and furniture to give it correct appearance and make sure each item is in correct position for each performance.

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Sex in film

Sex in film is the inclusion of a presentation in a film of sexuality.

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Shake (software)

Shake is a discontinued image compositing package used in the post-production industry developed by Apple Inc. Shake was widely used in visual effects and digital compositing for film, video and commercials.

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Shallow focus

Shallow focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique incorporating a small depth of field.

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Shaw Brothers Studio

Shaw Brothers (HK) Ltd. was the largest film production company of Hong Kong.

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Shooting ratio

The shooting ratio in filmmaking and television production is the ratio between the total duration of its footage created for possible use in a project and that which appears in its final cut.

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Shooting script

A shooting script is the version of a screenplay used during the production of a motion picture.

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Short end

A short end is a partial roll of unexposed film stock left over during a motion picture production and kept for later use.

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Short film

A short film is any motion picture not long enough to be considered a feature film.

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Shot (filmmaking)

In filmmaking and video production, a shot is a series of frames, that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.

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Shot reverse shot

Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.

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Shutter speed

In photography, shutter speed or exposure time is the length of time when the film or digital sensor inside the camera is exposed to light, also when a camera's shutter is open when taking a photograph.

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Silent film

A silent film is a film with no synchronized recorded sound (and in particular, no spoken dialogue).

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Single-camera setup

The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as Portable Single Camera, is a method of filmmaking and video production.

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Skywalker Sound

Skywalker Sound is the sound effects, sound editing, sound design, sound mixing and music recording division of George Lucas' Lucasfilm motion picture group.

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Slit-scan photography

The slit-scan photography technique is a photographic and cinematographic process where a moveable slide, into which a slit has been cut, is inserted between the camera and the subject to be photographed.

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Slow cutting

Slow cutting is a film editing technique which uses shots of long duration.

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Slow motion

Slow motion (commonly abbreviated as slo-mo or slow-mo) is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down.

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SMPTE color bars

The SMPTE Color Bars is a trademarked television test pattern used where the NTSC video standard is utilized, including countries in North America.

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SMPTE timecode

SMPTE timecode is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode.

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Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) (rarely), founded in 1916 as the Society of Motion Picture Engineers or SMPE, is a global professional association, of engineers, technologists, and executives working in the media and entertainment industry.

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Sony Pictures

Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc. (known simply as Sony Pictures and abbreviated as SPE) is a Japanese-owned American entertainment company that produces, acquires and distributes filmed entertainment (theatrical motion pictures, television programs and recorded videos) through multiple platforms.

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Sound design

Sound design is the art and practice of creating sound tracks for a variety of needs.

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Sound editor (filmmaking)

A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling sound recordings in preparation for the final sound mixing or mastering of a television program, motion picture, video game, or any production involving recorded or synthetic sound.

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Sound effect

A sound effect (or audio effect) is an artificially created or enhanced sound, or sound process used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media.

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Sound film

A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.

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Sound recording and reproduction

Sound recording and reproduction is an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.

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Sound stage

In common usage, a sound stage is a soundproof, hangar-like structure, building, or room, used for the production of theatrical film-making and television productions, usually located on a secured movie or television studio property.

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Soundtrack

A soundtrack, also written sound track, can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film, video or television presentation; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronized recorded sound.

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Soviet montage theory

Soviet montage theory is an approach to understanding and creating cinema that relies heavily upon editing (montage is French for "assembly" or "editing").

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Special effect

Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, SPFX, or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the film, television, theatre, video game and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world.

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Split screen (video production)

In film and video production, split screen is the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images, rupturing the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye.

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Spotlight (theatre lighting)

A spotlight (or followspot) is a powerful stage lighting instrument which projects a bright beam of light onto a performance space.

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Spydercam

Spydercam is a suspended camera system used in making motion pictures and at football, rugby or athletic stadiums.

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Stage combat

Stage combat or Fight choreography is a specialised technique in theatre designed to create the illusion of physical combat without causing harm to the performers.

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Stage lighting

Stage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theatre, dance, opera and other performance arts.

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Stage lighting accessories

Stage lighting accessories are components manufactured for conventional (non-automated) stage lighting instruments.

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Stage lighting instrument

Stage lighting instruments (lanterns, or luminaires in Europe) are used in stage lighting to illuminate theatrical productions, concerts, and other performances taking place in live performance venues.

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Stand-in

A stand-in for film and television is a person who substitutes for the actor before filming, for technical purposes such as lighting and camera setup.

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Star Wars

Star Wars is an American epic space opera media franchise, centered on a film series created by George Lucas.

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Step outline

A step outline (more commonly called a beat sheet) is a detailed telling of a story with the intention of turning the story into a screenplay for a motion picture.

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Stereoscopy

Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopics, or stereo imaging) is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision.

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Stock footage

Stock footage, and similarly, archive footage, library pictures, and file footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films.

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Stop motion

Stop motion is an animated-film making technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they appear to exhibit independent motion when the series of frames is played back as a fast sequence.

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Striplight

A striplight is a multi-circuit stage lighting instrument.

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Structuralist film theory

Structuralist film theory is a branch of film theory that is rooted in structuralism, itself based on structural linguistics.

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Stunt

A stunt is an unusual and difficult physical feat or an act requiring a special skill, performed for artistic purposes usually on television, theatre, or cinema.

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Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures

The Stuntmen's Association of Motion Pictures (SAMP) is an honorary society of motion picture stunt coordinators, stuntmen, and second unit directors.

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Substitution splice

The substitution splice or stop trick is a cinematic special effect in which filmmakers achieve an appearance, disappearance, or transformation by altering one or more selected aspects of the mise-en-scène between two shots while maintaining the same framing and other aspects of the scene in both shots.

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Subtitle (captioning)

Subtitles are text derived from either a transcript or screenplay of the dialog or commentary in films, television programs, video games, and the like, usually displayed at the bottom of the screen, but can also be at the top of the screen if there is already text at the bottom of the screen.

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Sundance Institute

Sundance Institute is a non-profit organization founded by Robert Redford committed to the growth of independent artists.

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Superimposition

Superimposition is the placement of one thing over another, typically so that both are still evident.

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Surround sound

Surround sound is a technique for enriching the sound reproduction quality of an audio source with additional audio channels from speakers that surround the listener (surround channels).

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Suspension of disbelief

The term suspension of disbelief or willing suspension of disbelief has been defined as a willingness to suspend one's critical faculties and believe something surreal; sacrifice of realism and logic for the sake of enjoyment.

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Swing gang

In film-making, a swing gang is one or more persons who make last-minute changes on a film set.

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Sync sound

Sync sound (synchronized sound recording) refers to sound recorded at the time of the filming of movies.

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Talent agent

A talent agent, or booking agent, is a person who finds jobs for actors, authors, film directors, musicians, models, professional athletes, writers, screenwriters, broadcast journalists, and other professionals in various entertainment or broadcast businesses.

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Tally light

In a television studio, a tally light is a small signal-lamp on a professional video camera or monitor.

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Technicolor

Technicolor is a series of color motion picture processes, the first version dating from 1916, and followed by improved versions over several decades.

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Technirama

Technirama is a screen process that has been used by some film production houses as an alternative to CinemaScope.

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Techniscope

Techniscope or 2-perf is a 35 mm motion picture camera film format introduced by Technicolor Italia in 1960.

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Telecine

Telecine is the process of transferring motion picture film into video and is performed in a color suite.

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Teleconverter

A teleconverter (sometimes called tele extender) is a secondary lens which is mounted between the camera and a photographic lens.

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Television crew

Television crew positions are derived from those of film crew, but with several differences.

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Television film

A television film (also known as a TV movie, TV film, television movie, telefilm, telemovie, made-for-television movie, made-for-television film, direct-to-TV movie, direct-to-TV film, movie of the week, feature-length drama, single drama and original movie) is a feature-length motion picture that is produced for, and originally distributed by or to, a television network, in contrast to theatrical films, which are made explicitly for initial showing in movie theaters.

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Tessar

The Tessar is a famous photographic lens design conceived by the German physicist Paul Rudolph in 1902 while he worked at the Zeiss optical company and patented by Zeiss in Germany; the lens type is usually known as the Zeiss Tessar.

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Test screening

A test screening is a preview screening of a movie or television show before its general release in order to gauge audience reaction.

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The Blair Witch Project

The Blair Witch Project is a 1999 American supernatural horror film written, directed and edited by Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez.

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The Celluloid Closet

The Celluloid Closet is a 1995 American documentary film directed and written by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman.

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The Hollywood Reporter

The Hollywood Reporter (THR) is a multi-platform American digital and print magazine founded in 1930 and focusing on the Hollywood film industry, television, and entertainment industries, as well as Hollywood's intersection with fashion, finance, law, technology, lifestyle, and politics.

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The Walt Disney Company

The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California.

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Theatrical property

A prop, formally known as (theatrical) property, is an object used on stage or on screen by actors during a performance or screen production.

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Three-point lighting

Three-point lighting is a standard method used in visual media such as theatre, video, film, still photography and computer-generated imagery.

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Tilt (camera)

Tilting is a cinematographic technique in which the camera stays in a fixed position but rotates up/down in a vertical plane.

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Time-lapse photography

Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than that used to view the sequence.

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Title sequence

A title sequence (also called an opening sequence or intro) is the method by which films or television programs present their title, key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound.

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Toronto International Film Festival

The Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF, often stylized as tiff) is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually.

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Tracking shot

A tracking shot is any shot where the camera moves alongside the object(s) it is recording.

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Trailer (promotion)

A trailer (also known as a preview or coming attraction) is a commercial advertisement for a feature film that will be exhibited in the future at a cinema, the result of creative and technical work.

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Trilogy

A trilogy (from Greek τρι- tri-, "three" and -λογία -logia, "discourse") is a set of three works of art that are connected, and that can be seen either as a single work or as three individual works.

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Two shot

A two shot is a type of shot in which the frame encompasses a view of two people (the subjects).

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Universal Pictures

Universal Pictures (also known as Universal Studios) is an American film studio owned by Comcast through the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group division of its wholly owned subsidiary NBCUniversal.

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Utility sound technician

A utility sound technician, also referred to as sound assistant, sound maintenance or cableperson is an assistant to both the production sound mixer and the boom operator on a film or television set.

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Varicam

VariCam is a brand name associated with specialized Panasonic video cameras that are mostly used to imitate the look and feel of motion picture cameras.

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Variety (magazine)

Variety is a weekly American entertainment trade magazine and website owned by Penske Media Corporation.

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Vegas Pro

Vegas Pro (also stylized as VEGAS Pro) is a video editing software package for non-linear editing (NLE) originally published by Sonic Foundry, then by Sony Creative Software, and now by Magix.

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Venice Film Festival

The Venice Film Festival or Venice International Film Festival (Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica della Biennale di Venezia, "International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art of the Venice Biennale") is the oldest film festival in the world and one of the "Big Three" film festivals, alongside the Cannes Film Festival and Berlin International Film Festival.

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Vertical interval timecode

Vertical Interval Timecode (VITC, pronounced "vitsee") is a form of SMPTE timecode encoded on one scan line in a video signal.

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Video

Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.

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Video assist

Video assist is a system used in filmmaking which allows filmmakers to view a video version of a take immediately after it is filmed.

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Video tap

A video tap is an accessory for a motion picture camera used in filmmaking to provide a video signal from the camera lens.

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Viewfinder

In photography, a viewfinder is what the photographer looks through to compose, and, in many cases, to focus the picture.

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Vignetting

In photography and optics, vignetting (vignette) is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center.

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Virtual camera system

In 3D video games, a virtual camera system aims at controlling a camera or a set of cameras to display a view of a 3D virtual world.

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VistaVision

VistaVision is a higher resolution, widescreen variant of the 35 mm motion picture film format which was created by engineers at Paramount Pictures in 1954.

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Visual effects

Visual Effects (abbreviated VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot in film making.

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Vitascope

Vitascope was an early film projector first demonstrated in 1895 by Charles Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat.

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Voice acting

Voice acting is the art of performing voice-overs or providing voices to represent a character or to provide information to an audience or user.

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Walla

In American radio, film, television, and video games, walla is a sound effect imitating the murmur of a crowd in the background.

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Warner Bros.

Warner Bros.

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Weta Workshop

Weta Workshop is a special effects and prop company based in Miramar, New Zealand, producing effects for television and film.

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WGA screenwriting credit system

In the United States, writing credit for motion pictures and television programs written under the jurisdiction of the Writers Guild of America, East (WGAE) and the Writers Guild of America, West (WGAW) is determined by the Writers Guild of America (WGA), which is composed of members of the WGAE and the WGAW.

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Wide-angle lens

In photography and cinematography, a wide-angle lens refers to a lens whose focal length is substantially smaller than the focal length of a normal lens for a given film plane.

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Widelux

The Widelux is a fully mechanical swing-lens panoramic camera first developed in Japan in 1958, by Panon Camera Shoko.

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Widescreen

Widescreen images are images that are displayed within a set of aspect ratios (relationship of image width to height) that is used in film, television and computer screens.

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Wipe (transition)

Examples of various wipe transitions A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape.

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Wire removal

Wire removal is a visual effects technique used to remove wires in films, where the wires are originally included as a safety precaution or to simulate flying in actors or miniatures.

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Wire-frame model

A wire-frame model is a visual presentation of a 3-dimensional (3D) or physical object used in 3D computer graphics.

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Wireless microphone

A wireless microphone is a microphone without a physical cable connecting it directly to the sound recording or amplifying equipment with which it is associated.

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Women's cinema

Women's cinema is a variety of topics bundled together to create the work of women in film.

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Workprint

A workprint is a rough version of a motion picture, used by the film editor(s) during the editing process.

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Writers Guild of America

The Writers Guild of America is the joint efforts of two different US labor unions representing TV and film writers.

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X rating

In some countries, X is or has been a motion picture rating reserved for the most explicit films.

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Xenon arc lamp

A xenon arc lamp is a highly specialized type of gas discharge lamp, an electric light that produces light by passing electricity through ionized xenon gas at high pressure.

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Zoetrope

A zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.

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Zoom lens

A zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements for which the focal length (and thus angle of view) can be varied, as opposed to a fixed focal length (FFL) lens (see prime lens).

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Zoopraxiscope

The zoöpraxiscope (initially named zoographiscope and zoogyroscope) is an early device for displaying moving images and is considered an important predecessor of the movie projector.

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16 mm film

16 mm film is a historically popular and economical gauge of film.

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180-degree rule

In film making, the 180-degree rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene.

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35 mm film

35 mm film (millimeter) is the film gauge most commonly used for motion pictures and chemical still photography (see 135 film).

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3D film

A three-dimensional stereoscopic film (also known as three-dimensional sangu, 3D film or S3D film) is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension.

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3D lookup table

In the film industry, 3D lookup tables (3D LUTs) are used to map one color space to another.

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3Delight

3Delight, is 3D computer graphics software that runs on Microsoft Windows, OS X and Linux.

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70 mm film

70 mm film (or 65 mm film) is a wide high-resolution film gauge for motion picture photography, with higher resolution than the standard 35 mm motion picture film format.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_motion_picture-related_articles

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