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313 relations: Acid sulfate soil, Acrisol, Active layer, Agricultural soil science, Akadama, Albeluvisols, Alfisol, Alkali soil, Andisol, Angle of repose, Antigo (soil), Aridisol, Atriplex, Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated, Baer–Babinet law, Bama (soil), Barren vegetation, Base-richness, Bay mud, Bearing capacity, Bentonite, Berkshire (soil), Bevameter, Biochar, Biogeology, Blandford (soil), Bog, Brickearth, Brown earth, Brown podzolic, Calcareous, Calcareous grassland, Calciorthid, Calcisol, Cambisol, Canada Land Inventory, Capacitance probe, Carbon cycle re-balancing, Casa Grande (soil), Cation-exchange capacity, Cecil (soil), Cellular confinement, Charlottetown (soil series), Chernozem, Clay, Claypan, Cob (material), Cohesion (geology), Compressed earth block, Consolidation (soil), ..., Contour plowing, Critical state soil mechanics, Darcy (unit), Darcy's law, Darcy–Weisbach equation, Dark earth, Dilatancy (granular material), Dispersion (geology), Downer (soil), Downhill creep, Drainage research, Drilosphere, Drucker–Prager yield criterion, Drummer (soil), Dry quicksand, Dryland salinity, Duricrust, Durisol, Dwarf forest, Dynamic compaction, Ecological land classification, Ecosystem ecology, Edaphic, Edaphology, Effective stress, Eluvium, Entisol, Environmental impact of irrigation, Erosion, European Soil Bureau Network, European Soil Database, Expansive clay, Factors affecting permeability of soils, Fech fech, Fen, Ferrallitisation, Fill dirt, Flatwood, Flownet, Forestry mulching, Fractal in soil mechanics, Frequency domain sensor, Fresno scraper, Frost heaving, Frost line, Fuller's earth, Gelisol, Geosmin, Geotechnical investigation, Gleysol, Grain size, Groundwater-related subsidence, Guelph soil, Gypcrust, Gypsisols, Hardpan, Hartford, Connecticut, Headland (agriculture), Hesco bastion, Hilo (soil), History of soil science, Histosol, Houdek (soil), Hume (soil), Humin, Humus, Hydraulic conductivity, Hydric soil, Hydrological transport model, Hydropedology, Hydrophobic soil, Immobilization (soil science), Inceptisol, Infiltration (hydrology), International Humic Substances Society, International Soil Reference and Information Centre, International Union of Soil Sciences, Jory (soil), Kalkaska sand, Kerogen, Lahar, Laimosphere, Land development, Lateral earth pressure, Leaching (agriculture), Leaching (pedology), Leaching model (soil), Leptosol, Lessivage, Liming (soil), Linear aeration, List of bogs, List of state soil science associations, List of state soil science licensing boards, List of U.S. state soils, List of vineyard soil types, Lixisol, Loam, Loess, Lunar soil, Mass wasting, Miami (soil), Microbial inoculant, Mineralization (soil science), Mollisol, Mud, Multiscale European Soil Information System, Muskeg, Myakka (soil), Narragansett (soil), Natchez silt loam, National Society of Consulting Soil Scientists, Newmark's influence chart, No-till farming, OPAL Soil Centre, Organic matter, Orovada (soil), Orthent, Overburden pressure, Oxisol, Paleosol, Paxton (soil), Peat, Pedalfer, Pedocal, Pedodiversity, Pedology, Permeability (earth sciences), Petrichor, Plaggen soil, Planosol, Podzol, Pore space in soil, Pore water pressure, Porosity, Port Silt Loam, Prime farmland, Psamment, Quick clay, Quicksand, Rankers, Regosol, Rendzina, Residual sodium carbonate index, Rill, Rock flour, SahysMod, Saline seep, Salinity in Australia, Salt marsh, Salting the earth, SaltMod, San Joaquin (soil), Sand, Sand boil, Sandbag, Sapric, Scobey (soil), Seitz (soil), Serpentine soil, Shear strength (soil), Shear strength test, Shrub swamp, Silt, Slope stability, Slump (geology), Sodium adsorption ratio, Soil, Soil acidification, Soil Association, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, Soil carbon, Soil cement, Soil chemistry, Soil classification, Soil compaction, Soil conditioner, Soil conservation, Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936, Soil contamination, Soil crust, Soil ecology, Soil erosion, Soil fertility, Soil food web, Soil functions, Soil gradation, Soil guideline value, Soil health, Soil horizon, Soil life, Soil liquefaction, Soil management, Soil mechanics, Soil moisture sensor, Soil nailing, Soil organic matter, Soil pH, Soil physics, Soil policy (Victoria, Australia), Soil resilience, Soil respiration, Soil retrogression and degradation, Soil salinity, Soil salinity control, Soil science, Soil Science Society of America, Soil series, Soil solarization, Soil steam sterilization, Soil structure, Soil survey, Soil test, Soil texture, Soil type, Soil water (retention), Solonchak, Solonetz, Specific storage, Specific weight, Spodic soil, Stagnosol, Strip farming, Stuttgart (soil), Subaqueous soil, Subsidence, Subsoil, SWAT model, Talik, Tanana (soil), Technosol, Tepetate, Terra preta, Terra rossa (soil), Terrace (agriculture), Terracette, Terramechanics, Terzaghi's principle, Thaw depth, Thixotropy, Threebear (soil), Throughflow, Tifton (soil), Tillage, Topsoil, Tropical peat, Ultisol, Umbric horizon, Umbrisol, Unified Soil Classification System, USDA soil taxonomy, Ustochrept, Vegetation and slope stability, Vertisol, Vibro stone column, Void ratio, Waffle slab foundation, Water content, Weathering, Windsor (soil), World Congress of Soil Science, Yedoma. Expand index (263 more) »
Acid sulfate soil
Acid sulfate soils are naturally occurring soils, sediments or organic substrates (e.g. peat) that are formed under waterlogged conditions.
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Acrisol
An acrisol is a type of soil as classified by the Food and Agriculture Organization.
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Active layer
In environments containing permafrost, the active layer is the top layer of soil that thaws during the summer and freezes again during the autumn.
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Agricultural soil science
Agricultural soil science is a branch of soil science that deals with the study of edaphic conditions as they relate to the production of food and fiber.
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Akadama
is a naturally occurring, granular clay-like mineral used as soil for bonsai trees and other container-grown plants.
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Albeluvisols
An albeluvisol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a thin, dark surface horizon on a bleached subsurface horizon (an albic horizon) that tongues into a clay illuviation (Bt) horizon.
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Alfisol
Alfisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy.
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Alkali soil
Alkali, or Alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (> 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity.
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Andisol
In USDA soil taxonomy, andisols are soils formed in volcanic ash and defined as soils containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials, including allophane, imogolite and ferrihydrite.
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Angle of repose
The angle of repose, or critical angle of repose, of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip relative to the horizontal plane to which a material can be piled without slumping.
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Antigo (soil)
Antigo soils are among the most extensive soils in Wisconsin.
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Aridisol
Aridisols (or desert soils) are a soil order in USA soil taxonomy.
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Atriplex
Atriplex is a plant genus of 250–300 species, known by the common names of saltbush and orache (or orach).
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Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated
The Australian Society of Soil Science Incorporated (ASSSI) was founded in 1955 to "advance soil science in the professional, academic, and technical fields".
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Baer–Babinet law
The Baer–Babinet law (also known as the law of Baer) is a concept in geography which states that the process of formation of rivers is influenced by the rotation of the earth.
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Bama (soil)
Bama is the official state soil of Alabama.
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Barren vegetation
Barren vegetation describes an area of land where plant growth may be sparse, stunted, and/or contain limited biodiversity.
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Base-richness
Base-richness in ecology is the level in water or soil of chemical bases, such as calcium or magnesium ions.
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Bay mud
Bay mud consists of thick deposits of soft, unconsolidated silty clay, which is saturated with water; these soil layers are situated at the bottom of certain estuaries, which are normally in temperate regions that have experienced cyclical glacial cycles.
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Bearing capacity
In geotechnical engineering, bearing capacity is the capacity of soil to support the loads applied to the ground.
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Bentonite
Bentonite (/ˈbɛntənʌɪt/) is an absorbent aluminium phyllosilicate clay consisting mostly of montmorillonite.
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Berkshire (soil)
Berkshire soil series is the name given to a well drained loam or sandy loam soil which has developed on glacial till in parts of southern Quebec, eastern New York State and New England south to Massachusetts.
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Bevameter
A bevameter is a device used in terramechanics to measure the mechanical properties of soil.Bevameter technique was developed to measure terrain mechanical properties for the study of vehicle mobility Bevameter test consists of penetration test to measure normal loads and shear test to determine shear loads exerted by vehicle.
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Biochar
Biochar is charcoal used as a soil amendment.
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Biogeology
Biogeology is the study of the interactions between the Earth's biosphere and the lithosphere.
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Blandford (soil)
Blandford soil series is the name given to a loam or sandy loam soil which has developed on glacial till in parts of southern Quebec and northern New England.
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Bog
A bog is a wetland that accumulates peat, a deposit of dead plant material—often mosses, and in a majority of cases, sphagnum moss.
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Brickearth
Brickearth is a term originally used to describe superficial windblown deposits found in southern England.
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Brown earth
Brown earth is a type of soil.
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Brown podzolic
Brown podzolic soils are a subdivision of the Podzolic soils in the British soil classification.
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Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
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Calcareous grassland
Calcareous grassland (or alkaline grassland) is an ecosystem associated with thin basic soil, such as that on chalk and limestone downland.
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Calciorthid
Calciorthid is the taxonomic classification of soils possessing the following properties.
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Calcisol
A Calcisol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a substantial secondary accumulation of lime.
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Cambisol
A Cambisol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a beginning of soil formation.
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Canada Land Inventory
The Canada Land Inventory (CLI) is a multi-disciplinary land inventory of rural Canada.
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Capacitance probe
Capacitance sensors (or Dielectric sensors) use capacitance to measure the dielectric permittivity of a surrounding medium.
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Carbon cycle re-balancing
The carbon cycle is the process by which carbon is exchanged between the four reservoirs of carbon: the biosphere, the earth, the air and water.
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Casa Grande (soil)
The Casa Grande is the official state soil of Arizona.
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Cation-exchange capacity
Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces.
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Cecil (soil)
Originally mapped in Cecil County, Maryland in 1899, more than 10 million acres (40,000 km²) of the Cecil soil series (Fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults) are now mapped in the Piedmont region of the southeastern United States.
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Cellular confinement
Cellular confinement systems (CCS)—also known as geocells—are widely used in construction for erosion control, soil stabilization on flat ground and steep slopes, channel protection, and structural reinforcement for load support and earth retention.
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Charlottetown (soil series)
Charlottetown soil series is the name given to a deep fine sandy loam soil which has developed under forest vegetation on glacial till.
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Chernozem
Chernozem (r; "black soil") is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to 16%), and high percentages of phosphoric acids, phosphorus and ammonia.
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Clay
Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.
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Claypan
In geology, a claypan is a dense, compact, slowly permeable layer in the subsoil having a much higher clay content than the overlying material, from which it is separated by a sharply defined boundary.
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Cob (material)
Cob, cobb or clom (in Wales) is a natural building material made from subsoil, water, fibrous organic material (typically straw), and sometimes lime.
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Cohesion (geology)
Cohesion is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction.
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Compressed earth block
A compressed earth block (CEB), also known as a pressed earth block or a compressed soil block, is a building material made primarily from damp soil compressed at high pressure to form blocks.
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Consolidation (soil)
Consolidation refers to the process by which soils change volume in response to a change in pressure.
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Contour plowing
Contour plowing or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines.
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Critical state soil mechanics
Critical State Soil Mechanics is the area of soil mechanics that encompasses the conceptual models that represent the mechanical behavior of saturated remolded soils based on the Critical State concept.
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Darcy (unit)
A darcy (or darcy unit) and millidarcy (md or mD) are units of permeability, named after Henry Darcy.
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Darcy's law
Darcy's law is an equation that describes the flow of a fluid through a porous medium.
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Darcy–Weisbach equation
In fluid dynamics, the Darcy–Weisbach equation is a phenomenological equation, which relates the head loss, or pressure loss, due to friction along a given length of pipe to the average velocity of the fluid flow for an incompressible fluid.
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Dark earth
Dark earth in archaeology is an archaeological horizon, as much as thick, indicating settlement over long periods of time.
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Dilatancy (granular material)
Dilatancy is the volume change observed in granular materials when they are subjected to shear deformations.
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Dispersion (geology)
Dispersion is a process that occurs in soils that are particularly vulnerable to erosion by water.
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Downer (soil)
Downer is the New Jersey state soil.
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Downhill creep
Downhill creep, also known as soil creep or commonly just creep, is the slow downward progression of rock and soil down a low grade slope; it can also refer to slow deformation of such materials as a result of prolonged pressure and stress.
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Drainage research
Drainage research is the study of agricultural drainage systems and their effects to arrive at optimal system design.
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Drilosphere
The drilosphere is the part of the soil influenced by earthworm secretions, burrowing and castings.
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Drucker–Prager yield criterion
The Drucker–Prager yield criterion is a pressure-dependent model for determining whether a material has failed or undergone plastic yielding.
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Drummer (soil)
The Drummer soil series is the state soil of Illinois.
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Dry quicksand
Dry quicksand is loose sand whose bulk density is reduced by blowing air through it and which yields easily to weight or pressure.
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Dryland salinity
Dryland salinity is a natural process for soil, just like other processes such as wind erosion.
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Duricrust
Dori, Burkina Faso Duricrust is a hard layer on or near the surface of soil.
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Durisol
"Durisol" is also a trade name for a type of cement-bonded wood fiber. In the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources, a durisol is a very shallow to moderately deep, free-draining soil of arid and semi-arid environments, that contains cemented secondary silica (SiO2) in the upper metre of soil.
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Dwarf forest
Dwarf forest, elfin forest, or pygmy forest is a rare ecosystem featuring miniature trees, inhabited by small species of fauna such as rodents and lizards.
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Dynamic compaction
Dynamic compaction is a method that is used to increase the density of the soil when certain subsurface constraints make other methods inappropriate.
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Ecological land classification
Ecological land classification is a cartographical delineation or regionalisation of distinct ecological areas, identified by their geology, topography, soils, vegetation, climate conditions, living species, habitats, water resources, and sometimes also anthropic factors.
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Ecosystem ecology
Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework.
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Edaphic
Edaphic is a nature related to soil.
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Edaphology
Edaphology (from Greek ἔδαφος, edaphos, "ground", and -λογία, -logia) is one of two main divisions of soil science, the other being pedology.
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Effective stress
Effective stress is a force that keeps a collection of particles rigid.
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Eluvium
In geology, eluvium or eluvial deposits are those geological deposits and soils that are derived by in situ weathering or weathering plus gravitational movement or accumulation.
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Entisol
In USDA soil taxonomy, entisols are defined as soils that do not show any profile development other than an A horizon.
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Environmental impact of irrigation
The environmental impacts of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the effects on natural and social conditions in river basins and downstream of an irrigation scheme.
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Erosion
In earth science, erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth's crust, and then transport it to another location (not to be confused with weathering which involves no movement).
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European Soil Bureau Network
The European Soil Bureau Network (ESBN), located at the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission, Ispra(I), was created in 1996 as a network of national soil science institutions.
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European Soil Database
The European Soil Database is the main source of soil information from which most other data information and services are derived Geographic_information_system.
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Expansive clay
Expansive clay is a clay soil that is prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) that are directly related to changes in water content.
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Factors affecting permeability of soils
A number of factors affect the permeability of soils, from particle size, impurities in the water, void ratio, the degree of saturation, and adsorbed water, to entrapped air and organic material.
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Fech fech
Fech fech (فش فش) is a very fine powder caused by the erosion of clay-limestone terrain and it is most commonly found in deserts.
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Fen
A fen is one of the main types of wetland, the others being grassy marshes, forested swamps, and peaty bogs.
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Ferrallitisation
Ferrallitisation is the process in which rock is changed into a soil consisting of clay (kaolinite) and sesquioxides, in the form of hydrated oxides of iron and aluminium.
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Fill dirt
Fill dirt is earthy material which is used to fill in a depression or hole in the ground or create mounds or otherwise artificially change the grade or elevation of real property.
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Flatwood
Flatwood is a soil series with impaired drainage that occurs in the southeastern United States.
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Flownet
A flownet is a graphical representation of two-dimensional steady-state groundwater flow through aquifers.
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Forestry mulching
Forestry mulching is a land clearing method that uses a single machine to cut, grind, and clear vegetation.
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Fractal in soil mechanics
The fractal approach to soil mechanics is a new line of thought.
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Frequency domain sensor
Frequency domain (FD) sensor is an instrument developed for measuring soil moisture content.
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Fresno scraper
Fresno Scraper (Patent Application). The front drawbar is pulled by two horses, and pulls the scraper proper behind it, while the operator walks behind controlling the depth of scrape with the handle Fresno scrapers in use building the Miocene Ditch near Nome, Alaska The Fresno Scraper is a machine pulled by horses used for constructing canals and ditches in sandy soil.
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Frost heaving
Frost heaving (or a frost heave) is an upwards swelling of soil during freezing conditions caused by an increasing presence of ice as it grows towards the surface, upwards from the depth in the soil where freezing temperatures have penetrated into the soil (the freezing front or freezing boundary).
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Frost line
The frost line—also known as frost depth or freezing depth—is most commonly the depth to which the groundwater in soil is expected to freeze.
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Fuller's earth
Fuller's earth is any clay material that has the capability to decolorize oil or other liquids without chemical treatment.
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Gelisol
Gelisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy.
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Geosmin
Geosmin is an organic compound with a distinct earthy flavor and aroma produced by certain bacteria, and is responsible for the earthy taste of beets and a contributor to the strong scent (petrichor) that occurs in the air when rain falls after a dry spell of weather or when soil is disturbed.
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Geotechnical investigation
Geotechnical investigations are performed by geotechnical engineers or engineering geologists to obtain information on the physical properties of soil and rock around a site to design earthworks and foundations for proposed structures and for repair of distress to earthworks and structures caused by subsurface conditions.
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Gleysol
A Gley (глей) is a wetland soil (hydric soil) that, unless drained, is saturated with groundwater for long enough periods to develop a characteristic gleyic colour pattern.
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Grain size
Grain size (or particle size) is the diameter of individual grains of sediment, or the lithified particles in clastic rocks.
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Groundwater-related subsidence
Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from groundwater extraction.
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Guelph soil
Guelph soil series is the name given to a well drained or moderately well drained medium-textured soil which has developed on calcareous glacial till in parts of Michigan, Ohio in the United States and Ontario in Canada.
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Gypcrust
Gypcrete or gypcrust is a hardened layer of soil, consisting of around 95% gypsum (calcium sulfate).
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Gypsisols
Gypsisols in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources are soils with substantial secondary accumulation of gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O).
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Hardpan
In soil science, agriculture and gardening, Hardpan or Ouklip is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer.
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Hartford, Connecticut
Hartford is the capital of the U.S. state of Connecticut.
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Headland (agriculture)
A Headland, in agriculture, is the area at each end of a planted field.
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Hesco bastion
The HESCO MIL is a modern gabion primarily used for flood control and military fortifications.
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Hilo (soil)
Hilo soil is the official state soil of the state of Hawaii.
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History of soil science
The early concepts of soil were based on ideas developed by a German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803–1873), and modified and refined by agricultural scientists who worked on samples of soil in laboratories, greenhouses, and on small field plots.
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Histosol
In both the FAO soil classification and the USDA soil taxonomy, a histosol is a soil consisting primarily of organic materials.
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Houdek (soil)
Houdek is a type of soil composed of glacial till and decomposed organic matter.
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Hume (soil)
Hume is a soil type that is well drained and slowly permeable.
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Humin
Humins are a class of organic compounds that are insoluble in water at all pH's.
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Humus
In soil science, humus (derived in 1790–1800 from the Latin humus for earth, ground) denominates the fraction of soil organic matter that is amorphous and without the "cellular cake structure characteristic of plants, micro-organisms or animals." Humus significantly affects the bulk density of soil and contributes to its retention of moisture and nutrients.
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Hydraulic conductivity
Hydraulic conductivity, symbolically represented as K, is a property of vascular plants, soils and rocks, that describes the ease with which a fluid (usually water) can move through pore spaces or fractures.
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Hydric soil
Hydric soil is soil which is permanently or seasonally saturated by water, resulting in anaerobic conditions, as found in wetlands.
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Hydrological transport model
An hydrological transport model is a mathematical model used to simulate river or stream flow and calculate water quality parameters.
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Hydropedology
Hydropedology is an emerging field formed from the intertwining branches of soil science and hydrology.
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Hydrophobic soil
Hydrophobic soil – soil that is hydrophobic – causes water to collect on the soil surface rather than infiltrate into the ground.
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Immobilization (soil science)
Immobilization in soil science is the conversion of inorganic compounds to organic compounds by micro-organisms or plants, by which it is prevented from being accessible to plants.
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Inceptisol
Inceptisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy.
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Infiltration (hydrology)
Infiltration is the process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil.
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International Humic Substances Society
The International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) is a scientific society that seeks to advance knowledge and research of natural organic matter (NOM) in soil and water.
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International Soil Reference and Information Centre
(ISRIC - World Soil Information).
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International Union of Soil Sciences
The International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS) founded in 1924, is a Scientific Union member of the International Council for Science (ICSU), which it recognizes as the coordinating body for the international organization of science.
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Jory (soil)
The Jory series consists of very deep, well-drained soils that formed in colluvium derived from basic igneous rock.
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Kalkaska sand
Kalkaska sand is the official soil of the U.S. state of Michigan.
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Kerogen
Kerogen is a solid organic matter in sedimentary rocks.
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Lahar
A lahar (from wlahar) is a violent type of mudflow or debris flow composed of a slurry of pyroclastic material, rocky debris and water.
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Laimosphere
The laimosphere is the microbiologically enriched zone of soil that surrounds below-ground portions of plant stems; the laimosphere is analogous to the rhizosphere and spermosphere.
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Land development
Land development is altering the landscape in any number of ways such as.
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Lateral earth pressure
Lateral earth pressure is the pressure that soil exerts in the horizontal direction.
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Leaching (agriculture)
In agriculture, leaching refers to the loss of water-soluble plant nutrients from the soil, due to rain and irrigation.
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Leaching (pedology)
In pedology, leaching is the loss of mineral and organic solutes due to very heavy rainfall, high temperature and percolation.
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Leaching model (soil)
A leaching model is a hydrological model by which the leaching with irrigation water of dissolved substances, notably salt, in the soil is described depending on the hydrological regime and the soil's properties.
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Leptosol
A Leptosol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a very shallow soil over hard rock or highly calcareous material or a deeper soil that is extremely gravelly and/or stony.
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Lessivage
Lessivage is a kind of leaching from clay particles being carried down in suspension.
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Liming (soil)
Liming is the application (to soil) of calcium- and magnesium-rich materials in various forms, including marl, chalk, limestone, or hydrated lime.
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Linear aeration
Linear aeration is a relatively new aeration process; it allows water to penetrate the soil and to be retained in the proper amounts.
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List of bogs
This is a list of bogs, wetland mires that accumulate peat from dead plant material, usually sphagnum moss.
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List of state soil science associations
This is a comprehensive list of state-level professional soil science associations in the United States.
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List of state soil science licensing boards
This is a complete list of soil science licensing boards in the United States.
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List of U.S. state soils
This is a list of U.S. state soils.
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List of vineyard soil types
The soil composition of vineyards is one of the most important viticultural considerations when planting grape vines.
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Lixisol
Lixisols are soils with subsurface accumulation of low activity clays and high base saturation.
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Loam
Loam is soil composed mostly of sand (particle size > 63 µm), silt (particle size > 2 µm), and a smaller amount of clay (particle size These proportions can vary to a degree, however, and result in different types of loam soils: sandy loam, silty loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam, and loam. In the USDA textural classification triangle, the only soil that is not predominantly sand, silt, or clay is called "loam". Loam soils generally contain more nutrients, moisture, and humus than sandy soils, have better drainage and infiltration of water and air than silt and clay-rich soils, and are easier to till than clay soils. The different types of loam soils each have slightly different characteristics, with some draining liquids more efficiently than others. The soil's texture, especially its ability to retain nutrients and water are crucial. Loam soil is suitable for growing most plant varieties. Bricks made of loam, mud, sand, and water, with an added binding material such as rice husks or straw, have been used in construction since ancient times.
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Loess
Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.
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Lunar soil
Lunar soil is the fine fraction of the regolith found on the surface of the Moon.
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Mass wasting
Mass wasting, also known as slope movement or mass movement, is the geomorphic process by which soil, sand, regolith, and rock move downslope typically as a solid, continuous or discontinuous mass, largely under the force of gravity, but frequently with characteristics of a flow as in debris flows and mudflows.
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Miami (soil)
The Miami soil series is the state soil of Indiana.
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Microbial inoculant
Microbial inoculants also known as soil inoculants are agricultural amendments that use beneficial endophytes (microbes) to promote plant health.
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Mineralization (soil science)
Mineralization in soil science is the decomposition, i. e. oxidation, of the chemical compounds in organic matter, by which the nutrients in those compounds are released in soluble inorganic forms that may be available to plants.
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Mollisol
Mollisols are a soil order in USDA soil taxonomy.
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Mud
Mud is a liquid or semi-liquid mixture of water and any combination of different kinds of soil (loam, silt, and clay).
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Multiscale European Soil Information System
Multiscale European Soil Information System (MEUSIS) is based on local, regional, national and European Soil Data sets.
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Muskeg
Muskeg (maskek; fondrière de mousse, lit. moss bog) is an acidic soil type common in Arctic and boreal areas, although it is found in other northern climates as well.
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Myakka (soil)
Myakka soil is the official state soil of Florida, which has more than of land composed partly or entirely of Myakka soils.
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Narragansett (soil)
Narragansett soils are loamy soils occurring in the northeastern United States.
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Natchez silt loam
In 1988, the Professional Soil Classifiers Association of Mississippi selected Natchez silt loam soil to represent the soil resources of the State.
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National Society of Consulting Soil Scientists
The National Society of Consulting Soil Scientists (NSCSS), was integrated into the Soil Science Society of America as of August, 2011.
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Newmark's influence chart
Newmark’s Influence Chart is an illustration used to determine the vertical pressure at any point below a uniformly loaded flexible area of soil of any shape.
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No-till farming
No-till farming (also called zero tillage or direct drilling) is a way of growing crops or pasture from year to year without disturbing the soil through tillage.
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OPAL Soil Centre
The OPAL Soil Centre is one of five centres of expertise under the Open Air Laboratories Network (OPAL).
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Organic matter
Organic matter, organic material, or natural organic matter (NOM) refers to the large pool of carbon-based compounds found within natural and engineered, terrestrial and aquatic environments.
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Orovada (soil)
Orovada series soils are extensive in northern Nevada, where they have an extent of more than in the Great Basin.
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Orthent
In USDA soil taxonomy, orthents are defined as entisols that lack horizon development due to either steep slopes or parent materials that contain no permanent weatherable minerals (such as ironstone).
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Overburden pressure
Overburden pressure, also called lithostatic pressure, confining pressure or vertical stress, is the pressure or stress imposed on a layer of soil or rock by the weight of overlying material.
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Oxisol
Oxisols are an order in USDA soil taxonomy, best known for their occurrence in tropical rain forest, 15–25 degrees north and south of the Equator.
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Paleosol
In the geosciences, paleosol (palaeosol in Great Britain and Australia) can have two meanings.
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Paxton (soil)
The Paxton soil series was established in Worcester County, Massachusetts in 1922, and is named for the town of Paxton where it was first described and mapped.
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Peat
Peat, also called turf, is an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter that is unique to natural areas called peatlands, bogs, mires, moors, or muskegs.
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Pedalfer
Pedalfer is composed of aluminum and iron oxides.
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Pedocal
Pedocal is a subdivision of the zonal soil order.
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Pedodiversity
Pedodiversity is the variation of soil properties (usually characterised by soil classes) within an area.
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Pedology
Pedology (from Greek: πέδον, pedon, "soil"; and λόγος, logos, "study") is the study of soils in their natural environment.
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Permeability (earth sciences)
Permeability in fluid mechanics and the earth sciences (commonly symbolized as κ, or k) is a measure of the ability of a porous material (often, a rock or an unconsolidated material) to allow fluids to pass through it.
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Petrichor
Petrichor is the earthy scent produced when rain falls on dry soil.
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Plaggen soil
Plaggen soil or plaggic anthrosol is a type of soil created in parts of northwest Europe in the Middle Ages, as a result of so-called "plaggen" agriculture on marginal podzol soils.
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Planosol
A planosol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil with a light-coloured, coarse-textured, surface horizon that shows signs of periodic water stagnation and abruptly overlies a dense, slowly permeable subsoil with significantly more clay than the surface horizon.
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Podzol
In soil science, Podzols (known as Spodosols in China and the United States of America and Podosols in Australia) are the typical soils of coniferous, or boreal forests.
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Pore space in soil
The pore space of soil contains the liquid and gas phases of soil, i.e., everything but the solid phase that contains mainly minerals of varying sizes as well as organic compounds.
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Pore water pressure
Pore water pressure (sometimes abbreviated to pwp) refers to the pressure of groundwater held within a soil or rock, in gaps between particles (pores).
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Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
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Port Silt Loam
Port Silt Loam is the state soil of Oklahoma.
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Prime farmland
Prime farmland is a designation assigned by U.S. Department of Agriculture defining land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is also available for these land uses.
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Psamment
In USDA soil taxonomy, a psamment is defined as an entisol which consists basically of unconsolidated sand deposits, often found in shifting sand dunes but also in areas of very coarse-textured parent material subject to millions of years of weathering.
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Quick clay
Quick clay, also known as Leda clay and Champlain Sea clay in Canada, is any of several distinctively sensitive glaciomarine clays found in Canada, Norway, Russia, Sweden, Finland, the United States and other locations around the world.
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Quicksand
Quicksand is a colloid hydrogel consisting of fine granular material (such as sand, silt or clay), and water.
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Rankers
Rankers are soils developed over non-calcareous material, usually rock.
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Regosol
A Regosol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is very weakly developed mineral soil in unconsolidated materials.
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Rendzina
Rendzina (or rendsina) is a soil type recognized in various soil classification systems, including those of Britain and Germany as well as some obsolete systems.
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Residual sodium carbonate index
The residual sodium carbonate (RSC) index of irrigation water or soil water is used to indicate the alkalinity hazard for soil.
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Rill
Landscape shaped by erosion rill. Volgograd Oblast, Russia. In hillslope geomorphology, a rill is a shallow channel (no more than a few tens of centimetres deep) cut into soil by the erosive action of flowing water.
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Rock flour
Rock flour, or glacial flour, consists of fine-grained, silt-sized particles of rock, generated by mechanical grinding of bedrock by glacial erosion or by artificial grinding to a similar size.
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SahysMod
SahysMod is a computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge in irrigated agricultural lands, using different hydrogeologic and aquifer conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several crop rotation schedules, whereby the spatial variations are accounted for through a network of polygons.
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Saline seep
A saline seep is seep of saline water, with an area of alkali salt crystals that form when the salty water reaches the surface and evaporates.
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Salinity in Australia
Soil salinity and dryland salinity are two problems degrading the environment of Australia.
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Salt marsh
A salt marsh or saltmarsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal marsh, is a coastal ecosystem in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and open saltwater or brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tides.
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Salting the earth
Salting the earth, or sowing with salt, is the ritual of spreading salt on conquered cities to symbolize a curse on their re-inhabitation.
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SaltMod
SaltMod is computer program for the prediction of the salinity of soil moisture, groundwater and drainage water, the depth of the watertable, and the drain discharge (hydrology) in irrigated agricultural lands, using different (geo)hydrologic conditions, varying water management options, including the use of ground water for irrigation, and several cropping rotation schedules.
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San Joaquin (soil)
San Joaquin is an officially designated state insignia, the state soil of the U.S. state of California.
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Sand
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
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Sand boil
Sand boils or sand volcanoes occur when water under pressure wells up through a bed of sand.
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Sandbag
A sandbag is a bag or sack made of hessian (burlap), polypropylene or other sturdy materials that is filled with sand or soil and used for such purposes as flood control, military fortification in trenches and bunkers, shielding glass windows in war zones, ballast, counterweight, and in other applications requiring mobile fortification, such as adding improvised additional protection to armoured vehicles or tanks.
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Sapric
In the World Reference Base for Soil Resources and similar soil classification systems, a sapric is a subtype of a histosol where virtually all of the organic material has undergone sufficient decomposition to prevent the identification of plant parts.
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Scobey (soil)
Scobey soil is the state soil of Montana.
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Seitz (soil)
The Seitz is the unofficial state soil of Colorado.
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Serpentine soil
Serpentine soil is mostly derived from ultramafic rocks; In particular, serpentinite, a rock formed by the hydration and metamorphic transformation of peridotite.
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Shear strength (soil)
Shear strength is a term used in soil mechanics to describe the magnitude of the shear stress that a soil can sustain.
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Shear strength test
Soil shear strength tests are used to determine the load on soil.
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Shrub swamp
Shrub swamps — also called scrub swamps or buttonbush swamps — are a type of freshwater wetland ecosystem occurring in areas too wet to become swamps (“true” or freshwater swamp forest), but too dry or too shallow to become marshes.
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Silt
Silt is granular material of a size between sand and clay, whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar.
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Slope stability
Slope stability is the potential of soil covered slopes to withstand and undergo movement.
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Slump (geology)
A slump is a form of mass wasting that occurs when a coherent mass of loosely consolidated materials or rock layers moves a short distance down a slope.
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Sodium adsorption ratio
The Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils.
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Soil
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.
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Soil acidification
Soil acidification is the buildup of hydrogen cations, also called protons, reducing the soil pH.
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Soil Association
The Soil Association is a charity based in the United Kingdom.
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Soil biodiversity
Soil biodiversity refers to the relationship of soil to biodiversity and to aspects of the soil that can be managed in relation to biodiversity.
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Soil biology
Soil biology is the study of microbial and faunal activity and ecology in soil.
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Soil carbon
Soil carbon includes both inorganic carbon as carbonate minerals, and as soil organic matter.
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Soil cement
Soil cement is a construction material, a mix of pulverized natural soil with small amount of portland cement and water, usually processed in a tumble, compacted to high density.
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Soil chemistry
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.
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Soil classification
Soil classification deals with the systematic categorization of soils based on distinguishing characteristics as well as criteria that dictate choices in use.
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Soil compaction
In geotechnical engineering, soil compaction is the process in which a stress applied to a soil causes densification as air is displaced from the pores between the soil grains.
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Soil conditioner
A soil conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s physical qualities, usually its fertility (ability to provide nutrition for plants) and sometimes its mechanics.
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Soil conservation
Soil conservation is the preventing of soil loss from erosion or reduced fertility caused by over usage, acidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination.
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Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936
The Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act, enacted February 29, 1936) is a United States federal law that allowed the government to pay farmers to reduce production so as to conserve soil and prevent erosion.
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Soil contamination
Soil contamination or soil pollution as part of land degradation is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment.
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Soil crust
Soil crusts are soil surface layers that are distinct from the rest of the bulk soil, often hardened with a platy surface.
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Soil ecology
Soil ecology is the study of the interactions among soil biology, and between biotic and abiotic aspects of the soil environment.
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Soil erosion
Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil, one form of soil degradation.
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Soil fertility
Soil fertility refers to the ability of a soil to sustain agricultural plant growth, i.e. to provide plant habitat and result in sustained and consistent yields of high quality.
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Soil food web
The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil.
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Soil functions
Soil functions are general capabilities of soils that are important for various agricultural, environmental, nature protection, landscape architecture and urban applications.
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Soil gradation
Soil gradation is a classification of a coarse-grained soil that ranks the soil based on the different particle sizes contained in the soil.
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Soil guideline value
Soil Guideline Values (SGVs) are figures which are used in non-statutory technical guidance for assessors carrying out risk assessments to determine whether land is considered ‘contaminated’ under United Kingdom law, that is “land which appears to… be in such a condition, by reason of substances in, on or under the land, that (a) significant harm is being caused or there is a significant possibility of such harm being caused…” This guidance stipulates three stages in such risk assessments.
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Soil health
Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment.
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Soil horizon
A soil horizon is a layer parallel to the soil surface, whose physical characteristics differ from the layers above and beneath.
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Soil life
This table is a résumé of soil life,, Les Bases de la Production Végetal, tome I: Le Sol et son amélioration,, 2003 coherent with prevalent taxonomy as used in the linked Wikipedia articles.
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Soil liquefaction
Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.
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Soil management
Soil management is the application of operations, practices, and treatments to protect soil and enhance its performance (such as soil fertility or soil mechanics).
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Soil mechanics
Soil mechanics is a branch of soil physics and applied mechanics that describes the behavior of soils.
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Soil moisture sensor
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil.
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Soil nailing
Soil nailing is a construction remedial measure to treat unstable natural soil slopes or as a construction technique that allows the safe over-steepening of new or existing soil slopes.
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Soil organic matter
Soil organic matter (SOM) is the organic matter component of soil, consisting of plant and animal residues at various stages of decomposition, cells and tissues of soil organisms, and substances synthesized by soil organisms.
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Soil pH
Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil.
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Soil physics
Soil physics is the study of soil physical properties and processes.
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Soil policy (Victoria, Australia)
Soil policy in Victoria refers to the policies of soil governance in the Australian state of Victoria.
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Soil resilience
Soil resilience refers to the ability of a soil to resist or recover their healthy state in response to destabilising influences.
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Soil respiration
Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire.
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Soil retrogression and degradation
Soil retrogression and degradation are two regressive evolution processes associated with the loss of equilibrium of a stable soil.
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Soil salinity
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization.
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Soil salinity control
Soil salinity control relates to controlling the problem of soil salinity and reclaiming salinized agricultural land.
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Soil science
Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.
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Soil Science Society of America
The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA), is the largest soil-specific society in the United States.
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Soil series
Soil series as established by the National Cooperative Soil Survey of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service are a level of classification in the USDA Soil Taxonomy classification system hierarchy.
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Soil solarization
Soil solarization is an environmentally friendly method of using solar power for controlling pests such as soilborne plant pathogens including fungi, bacteria, nematodes, and insect and mite pests along with weed seed and seedlings in the soil by mulching the soil and covering it with tarp, usually with a transparent polyethylene cover, to trap solar energy.
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Soil steam sterilization
Soil steam sterilization (soil steaming) is a farming technique that sterilizes soil with steam in open fields or greenhouses.
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Soil structure
Soil structure describes the arrangement of the solid parts of the soil and of the pore space located between them.
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Soil survey
Soil survey, soil mapping, is the process of classifying soil types and other soil properties in a given area and geo-encoding such information.
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Soil test
Soil test may refer to one or more of a wide variety of soil analyses conducted for one of several possible reasons.
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Soil texture
Soil texture is a classification instrument used both in the field and laboratory to determine soil classes based on their physical texture.
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Soil type
In terms of soil texture, soil type usually refers to the different sizes of mineral particles in a particular sample.
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Soil water (retention)
Soils can process and hold considerable amount of water.
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Solonchak
Solonchak (Russian and Ukrainian: Солончак) is pale or grey soil type found in arid to subhumid, poorly drained conditions.
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Solonetz
Solonetz (Солонець, p) is a type of soil in FAO soil classification.
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Specific storage
In the field of hydrogeology, storage properties are physical properties that characterize the capacity of an aquifer to release groundwater.
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Specific weight
The specific weight (also known as the unit weight) is the weight per unit volume of a material.
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Spodic soil
Spodic soils refer to a diagnostic subsurface horizon defined by the illuvial accumulation of organic matter.
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Stagnosol
A stagnosol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is soil with strong mottling of the soil profile due to redox processes caused by stagnating surface water.
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Strip farming
Strip cropping is a method of farming which involves cultivating a field partitioned into long, narrow strips which are alternated in a crop rotation system.
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Stuttgart (soil)
Stuttgart soil series is an officially designated state symbol, the State Soil of Arkansas.
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Subaqueous soil
Subaqueous soils are soils formed in sediment found in shallow, permanently flooded environments or soils in any areas permanently covered by water too deep for the growth of rooted plants.
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Subsidence
Subsidence is the motion of a surface (usually, the earth's surface) as it shifts downward relative to a datum such as sea level.
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Subsoil
Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground.
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SWAT model
SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) is a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds.
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Talik
A talik is a layer of year-round unfrozen ground that lies in permafrost areas.
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Tanana (soil)
The Tanana soil is the official state soil of Alaska.
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Technosol
A Technosol in the FAO World Reference Base for Soil Resources is a soil classification category of soil that combines soils whose properties and pedogenesis are dominated by their technical origin.
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Tepetate
Tepetate (Spanish tepetate; Nahuatl tepetlatl) is a Mexican term for a geological horizon, hardened by compaction or cementation, found in Mexican volcanic regions.
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Terra preta
Terra preta (locally, literally "black soil" in Portuguese) is a type of very dark, fertile artificial (anthropogenic) soil found in the Amazon Basin.
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Terra rossa (soil)
Terra rossa (Italian for "red soil") is a well-drained, reddish, clayey to silty clayey soil with neutral pH conditions and is typical of the Mediterranean region.
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Terrace (agriculture)
In agriculture, a terrace is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective farming.
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Terracette
In geomorphology, a terracette is a type of landform, a ridge on a hillside formed when saturated soil particles expand, then contract as they dry, causing them to move slowly downhill.
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Terramechanics
Terramechanics is the study of soil properties, specifically the interaction of wheeled or tracked vehicles on various surfaces.
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Terzaghi's principle
Terzaghi's Principle states that when a rock is subjected to a stress, it is opposed by the fluid pressure of pores in the rock.
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Thaw depth
In soil science, the thaw depth or thaw line is the level down to which the permafrost soil will normally thaw each summer in a given area.
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Thixotropy
Thixotropy is a time-dependent shear thinning property.
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Threebear (soil)
Threebear soil is the official state soil of the U.S. state of Idaho.
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Throughflow
In hydrology, throughflow, a subcomponent of interflow, is the lateral unsaturated flow of water in the soil zone, where a highly permeable geologic unit overlays a less permeable geologic unit, and which returns to the surface, as return flow, prior to entering a stream or groundwater.
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Tifton (soil)
Tifton soil is the official state soil of the state of Georgia.
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Tillage
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning.
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Topsoil
Topsoil is the upper, outermost layer of soil, usually the top to.
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Tropical peat
Areas of tropical peat are found mostly in South East Asia (about 70% by area) although are also found in Africa, Central and South America and elsewhere around the Pacific Ocean.
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Ultisol
Ultisols, commonly known as red clay soils, are one of twelve soil orders in the United States Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy.
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Umbric horizon
The umbric horizon (Latin: umbra, shade) is a thick, dark coloured, surface Soil horizon rich in organic matter.
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Umbrisol
In soil classification, an umbrisol is a soil with a dark topsoil and in which organic matter has accumulated within the mineral surface soil—in most cases with low base saturation—to the extent that it significantly affects the behaviour and utilization of the soil.
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Unified Soil Classification System
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is a soil classification system used in engineering and geology to describe the texture and grain size of a soil.
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USDA soil taxonomy
USDA soil taxonomy (ST) developed by United States Department of Agriculture and the National Cooperative Soil Survey provides an elaborate classification of soil types according to several parameters (most commonly their properties) and in several levels: Order, Suborder, Great Group, Subgroup, Family, and Series.
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Ustochrept
Ustochrepts are a great group of soils, in the USDA soil taxonomy.
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Vegetation and slope stability
Vegetation and slope stability are interrelated by the ability of the plant life growing on slopes to both promote and hinder the stability of the slope.
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Vertisol
In both the FAO and USDA soil taxonomy, a vertisol (Vertosol in the Australian Soil Classification) is a soil in which there is a high content of expansive clay known as montmorillonite that forms deep cracks in drier seasons or years.
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Vibro stone column
Vibro stone columns or aggregate piers are an array of crushed stone pillars placed with a vibrating tool into the soil below a proposed structure.
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Void ratio
The void ratio of a mixture is the ratio of the volume of voids to volume of solids.
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Waffle slab foundation
A waffle slab foundation, also called a ribbed slab foundation, is an above-ground type of foundation used to provide load-bearing capacity in expansive, rocky or hydro collapsible soils.
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Water content
Water content or moisture content is the quantity of water contained in a material, such as soil (called soil moisture), rock, ceramics, crops, or wood.
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Weathering
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks, soil, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with the Earth's atmosphere, water, and biological organisms.
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Windsor (soil)
The Windsor is the unofficial state soil of the U.S. state of Connecticut, although it exists as part of the geological make up of landmasses across the globe, including in the UK.
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World Congress of Soil Science
The World Congress of Soil Science (WCSS) is a conference held every four years (although interrupted by World War II) under the guidance of the International Union of Soil Sciences (IUSS).
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Yedoma
Yedoma is an organic-rich (about 2% carbon by mass) Pleistocene-age permafrost with ice content of 50–90% by volume.
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Redirects here:
Index of soil articles, List of soil topics.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_soil-related_articles
