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Inertial navigation system

Index Inertial navigation system

An inertial navigation system (INS; also inertial guidance system, inertial instrument) is a navigation device that uses motion sensors (accelerometers), rotation sensors (gyroscopes) and a computer to continuously calculate by dead reckoning the position, the orientation, and the velocity (direction and speed of movement) of a moving object without the need for external references. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 97 relations: Accelerometer, Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere, Air data computer, Aircraft, Airliner, Altimeter, Analog computer, Angular velocity, Apollo (spacecraft), Apollo Abort Guidance System, Apollo Guidance Computer, Apollo PGNCS, Apollo program, Attitude and heading reference system, Azimuth, Backscatter, Barcode, Cer-Vit, Computer, Coriolis force, DARPA, Dead reckoning, Degrees of freedom (mechanics), Delco Carousel, Doppler radar, Draper Laboratory, Estimation theory, Fibre-optic gyroscope, Flight management system, Fort Bliss, Fused quartz, General Electric Company, Gimbal, Gimbal lock, Global Positioning System, Graphite, Great circle, Gyroscope, Hemispherical resonator gyroscope, Honeywell, Huntsville, Alabama, Image stabilization, Inertial frame of reference, Inertial measurement unit, Inertial platform, Initial condition, Integral, J. Halcombe Laning, Kalman filter, Laser, ... Expand index (47 more) »

  2. Inertial navigation
  3. Missile guidance

Accelerometer

An accelerometer is a device that measures the proper acceleration of an object.

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Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere

The Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere (AIRS) is a highly accurate inertial navigation system designed for use in the LGM-118A Peacekeeper ICBM, which was intended for precision nuclear strikes against Soviet missile silos. Inertial navigation system and Advanced Inertial Reference Sphere are missile guidance and Navigational equipment.

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Air data computer

An air data computer (ADC) or central air data computer (CADC) computes altitude, vertical speed, air speed, and Mach number from pressure and temperature inputs. Inertial navigation system and air data computer are aircraft instruments and avionics.

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Aircraft

An aircraft (aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

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Airliner

An airliner is a type of airplane for transporting passengers and air cargo.

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Altimeter

An altimeter or an altitude meter is an instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.

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Analog computer

An analog computer or analogue computer is a type of computation machine (computer) that uses the continuous variation aspect of physical phenomena such as electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic quantities (analog signals) to model the problem being solved.

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Angular velocity

In physics, angular velocity (symbol or \vec, the lowercase Greek letter omega), also known as angular frequency vector,(UP1) is a pseudovector representation of how the angular position or orientation of an object changes with time, i.e. how quickly an object rotates (spins or revolves) around an axis of rotation and how fast the axis itself changes direction.

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Apollo (spacecraft)

The Apollo spacecraft was composed of three parts designed to accomplish the American Apollo program's goal of landing astronauts on the Moon by the end of the 1960s and returning them safely to Earth.

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Apollo Abort Guidance System

The Apollo Abort Guidance System (AGS, also known as Abort Guidance Section) was a backup computer system providing an abort capability in the event of failure of the Lunar Module's primary guidance system (Apollo PGNCS) during descent, ascent or rendezvous.

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Apollo Guidance Computer

The Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) was a digital computer produced for the Apollo program that was installed on board each Apollo command module (CM) and Apollo Lunar Module (LM).

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Apollo PGNCS

The Apollo primary guidance, navigation, and control system (PGNCS, pronounced pings) was a self-contained inertial guidance system that allowed Apollo spacecraft to carry out their missions when communications with Earth were interrupted, either as expected, when the spacecraft were behind the Moon, or in case of a communications failure.

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Apollo program

The Apollo program, also known as Project Apollo, was the United States human spaceflight program carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), which succeeded in preparing and landing the first men on the Moon from 1968 to 1972.

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Attitude and heading reference system

An attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) consists of sensors on three axes that provide attitude information for aircraft, including roll, pitch, and yaw. Inertial navigation system and attitude and heading reference system are aircraft instruments and avionics.

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Azimuth

An azimuth (from the directions) is the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north, in a local or observer-centric spherical coordinate system. Inertial navigation system and azimuth are Geodesy.

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Backscatter

In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came.

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Barcode

A barcode or bar code is a method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form.

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Cer-Vit

Cer-vit is a family of glass-ceramic materials that were invented by Owens Illinois in the mid-1960s.

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Computer

A computer is a machine that can be programmed to automatically carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations (computation).

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Coriolis force

In physics, the Coriolis force is an inertial (or fictitious) force that acts on objects in motion within a frame of reference that rotates with respect to an inertial frame.

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DARPA

The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) is a research and development agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of emerging technologies for use by the military.

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Dead reckoning

In navigation, dead reckoning is the process of calculating the current position of a moving object by using a previously determined position, or fix, and incorporating estimates of speed, heading (or direction or course), and elapsed time. Inertial navigation system and dead reckoning are inertial navigation.

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Degrees of freedom (mechanics)

In physics, the degrees of freedom (DOF) of a mechanical system is the number of independent parameters that define its configuration or state.

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The Delco Carousel — proper name Carousel IV — was an inertial navigation system (INS) for aircraft developed by Delco Electronics. Inertial navigation system and Delco Carousel are avionics.

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Doppler radar

A Doppler radar is a specialized radar that uses the Doppler effect to produce velocity data about objects at a distance.

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Draper Laboratory

Draper Laboratory is an American non-profit research and development organization, headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts; its official name is The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc (sometimes abbreviated as CSDL).

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Estimation theory

Estimation theory is a branch of statistics that deals with estimating the values of parameters based on measured empirical data that has a random component.

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Fibre-optic gyroscope

A fibre-optic gyroscope (FOG) senses changes in orientation using the Sagnac effect, thus performing the function of a mechanical gyroscope.

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Flight management system

A flight management system (FMS) is a fundamental component of a modern airliner's avionics. Inertial navigation system and flight management system are aircraft instruments and avionics.

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Fort Bliss

Fort Bliss is a United States Army post in New Mexico and Texas, with its headquarters in El Paso, Texas.

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Fused quartz

Fused quartz, fused silica or quartz glass is a glass consisting of almost pure silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2) in amorphous (non-crystalline) form.

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General Electric Company

The General Electric Company (GEC) was a major British industrial conglomerate involved in consumer and defence electronics, communications, and engineering.

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Gimbal

A gimbal is a pivoted support that permits rotation of an object about an axis.

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Gimbal lock

Gimbal lock is the loss of one degree of freedom in a multi-dimensional mechanism at certain alignments of the axes.

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Global Positioning System

The Global Positioning System (GPS), originally Navstar GPS, is a satellite-based radio navigation system owned by the United States government and operated by the United States Space Force. Inertial navigation system and Global Positioning System are aerospace engineering, aircraft instruments, Geodesy and technology systems.

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Graphite

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon.

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Great circle

In mathematics, a great circle or orthodrome is the circular intersection of a sphere and a plane passing through the sphere's center point.

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Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

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Hemispherical resonator gyroscope

The hemispherical resonator gyroscope (HRG), also called wine-glass gyroscope or mushroom gyro, is a compact, low-noise, high-performance angular rate or rotation sensor. Inertial navigation system and hemispherical resonator gyroscope are aerospace engineering, aircraft instruments, avionics, missile guidance, Navigational aids, Navigational equipment, spacecraft components and technology systems.

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Honeywell

Honeywell International Inc. is an American publicly traded, multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.

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Huntsville, Alabama

Huntsville is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Alabama.

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Image stabilization

Image stabilization (IS) is a family of techniques that reduce blurring associated with the motion of a camera or other imaging device during exposure.

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Inertial frame of reference

In classical physics and special relativity, an inertial frame of reference (also called inertial space, or Galilean reference frame) is a stationary or uniformly moving frame of reference.

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Inertial measurement unit

An inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an electronic device that measures and reports a body's specific force, angular rate, and sometimes the orientation of the body, using a combination of accelerometers, gyroscopes, and sometimes magnetometers. Inertial navigation system and inertial measurement unit are aircraft instruments, inertial navigation and Navigational equipment.

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Inertial platform

An inertial platform, also known as a gyroscopic platform or stabilized platform, is a system using gyroscopes to maintain a platform in a fixed orientation in space despite the movement of the vehicle that it is attached to. Inertial navigation system and inertial platform are aircraft instruments and Navigational equipment.

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Initial condition

In mathematics and particularly in dynamic systems, an initial condition, in some contexts called a seed value, is a value of an evolving variable at some point in time designated as the initial time (typically denoted t.

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Integral

In mathematics, an integral is the continuous analog of a sum, which is used to calculate areas, volumes, and their generalizations.

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J. Halcombe Laning

J.

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Kalman filter

For statistics and control theory, Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation, is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, and produces estimates of unknown variables that tend to be more accurate than those based on a single measurement alone, by estimating a joint probability distribution over the variables for each timeframe.

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Laser

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.

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LGM-30 Minuteman

The LGM-30 Minuteman is an American land-based intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) in service with the Air Force Global Strike Command.

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Light-emitting diode

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current flows through it.

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Linear variable differential transformer

The linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) – also called linear variable displacement transformer, linear variable displacement transducer, or simply differential transformer – is a type of electrical transformer used for measuring linear displacement (position along a given direction).

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Local tangent plane coordinates

Local tangent plane coordinates (LTP), also known as local ellipsoidal system, local geodetic coordinate system, or local vertical, local horizontal coordinates (LVLH), are a spatial reference system based on the tangent plane defined by the local vertical direction and the Earth's axis of rotation.

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Lunar module

A lunar module is a lunar lander designed to allow astronauts to travel between a spacecraft in lunar orbit and the lunar surface.

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Magnetohydrodynamics

Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD; also called magneto-fluid dynamics or hydro­magnetics) is a model of electrically conducting fluids that treats all interpenetrating particle species together as a single continuous medium.

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Magnetometer

A magnetometer is a device that measures magnetic field or magnetic dipole moment.

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MEMS

MEMS (micro-electromechanical systems) is the technology of microscopic devices incorporating both electronic and moving parts.

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Missile

A missile is an airborne ranged weapon capable of self-propelled flight aided usually by a propellant, jet engine or rocket motor.

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Mobile robot

A mobile robot is an automatic machine that is capable of locomotion.

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Motion capture

Motion capture (sometimes referred as mo-cap or mocap, for short) is the process of recording the movement of objects or people.

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Moving parts

Machines include both fixed and moving parts.

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Navigation is a field of study that focuses on the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another. Inertial navigation system and Navigation are Geodesy.

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Numerical integration

In analysis, numerical integration comprises a broad family of algorithms for calculating the numerical value of a definite integral.

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Numerical stability

In the mathematical subfield of numerical analysis, numerical stability is a generally desirable property of numerical algorithms.

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Open-loop controller

In control theory, an open-loop controller, also called a non-feedback controller, is a control loop part of a control system in which the control action ("input" to the system) is independent of the "process output", which is the process variable that is being controlled.

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Operation Paperclip

Operation Paperclip was a secret United States intelligence program in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians were taken from former Nazi Germany to the U.S. for government employment after the end of World War II in Europe, between 1945–59.

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Pedometer

A pedometer, or step-counter, is a device, usually portable and electronic or electromechanical, that counts each step a person takes by detecting the motion of the person's hands or hips.

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Peenemünde

Peenemünde ("Peene Mouth") is a municipality on the Baltic Sea island of Usedom in the Vorpommern-Greifswald district in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany.

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Photodiode

A photodiode is a semiconductor diode sensitive to photon radiation, such as visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and gamma rays.

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Position sensor

A position sensor is a sensor that detects an object's position.

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Precession

Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.

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Pressure reference system

Pressure reference system (PRS) is an enhancement of the inertial reference system and attitude and heading reference system designed to provide position angles measurements which are stable in time and do not suffer from long term drift caused by the sensor imperfections. Inertial navigation system and Pressure reference system are aerospace engineering and Navigational equipment.

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Printed circuit board

A printed circuit board (PCB), also called printed wiring board (PWB), is a medium used to connect or "wire" components to one another in a circuit.

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Q-guidance

Q-guidance is a method of missile guidance used in some U.S. ballistic missiles and some civilian space flights. Inertial navigation system and q-guidance are missile guidance.

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Quaternion

In mathematics, the quaternion number system extends the complex numbers.

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Radar jamming and deception

Radar jamming and deception is a form of electronic countermeasures (ECMs) that intentionally sends out radio frequency signals to interfere with the operation of radar by saturating its receiver with noise or false information.

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Raytheon

The Raytheon Company was a major U.S. defense contractor and industrial corporation with manufacturing concentrations in weapons and military and commercial electronics.

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Remotely operated underwater vehicle

A remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROUV) or remotely operated vehicle (ROV) is a free-swimming submersible craft used to perform underwater observation, inspection and physical tasks such as valve operations, hydraulic functions and other general tasks within the subsea oil and gas industry, military, scientific and other applications.

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Required navigation performance

Required navigation performance (RNP) is a type of performance-based navigation (PBN) that allows an aircraft to fly a specific path between two 3D-defined points in space.

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Ring laser gyroscope

A ring laser gyroscope (RLG) consists of a ring laser having two independent counter-propagating resonant modes over the same path; the difference in phase is used to detect rotation.

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Robert H. Goddard

Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945) was an American engineer, professor, physicist, and inventor who is credited with creating and building the world's first liquid-fueled rocket, which was successfully launched on March 16, 1926.

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Rocket

A rocket (from bobbin/spool) is a vehicle that uses jet propulsion to accelerate without using any surrounding air.

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Sagnac effect

The Sagnac effect, also called Sagnac interference, named after French physicist Georges Sagnac, is a phenomenon encountered in interferometry that is elicited by rotation.

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San Diego

San Diego is a city on the Pacific Ocean coast in Southern California located immediately adjacent to the Mexico–United States border.

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Satellite navigation

A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning. Inertial navigation system and satellite navigation are aircraft instruments, avionics and Geodesy.

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Schuler tuning

Schuler tuning is a design principle for inertial navigation systems that accounts for the curvature of the Earth. Inertial navigation system and Schuler tuning are Navigational equipment.

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Ship

A ship is a large vessel that travels the world's oceans and other navigable waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research and fishing.

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Solar cell

A solar cell or photovoltaic cell (PV cell) is an electronic device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by means of the photovoltaic effect.

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Space Shuttle

The Space Shuttle is a retired, partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated from 1981 to 2011 by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as part of the Space Shuttle program.

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Spacecraft

A spacecraft is a vehicle that is designed to fly and operate in outer space.

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Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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United States Army Research Laboratory

The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory (DEVCOM ARL) is the U.S. Army's foundational research laboratory.

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Velocity

Velocity is the speed in combination with the direction of motion of an object.

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Vibrating structure gyroscope

A vibrating structure gyroscope (VSG), defined by the IEEE as a Coriolis vibratory gyroscope (CVG), is a gyroscope that uses a vibrating structure to determine the rate of rotation.

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Wernher von Braun

Wernher Magnus Maximilian Freiherr von Braun (23 March 191216 June 1977) was a German-American aerospace engineer and space architect.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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See also

Inertial navigation

Missile guidance

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial_navigation_system

Also known as Fluid-suspended gyrostabilized platform, Gimballed gyrostabilized platform, History of inertial navigation, Inertial Navigation, Inertial Reference System, Inertial guidance, Inertial guidance system, Inertial motion tracking, Inertial navigation unit, Inertial positioning system, Inertial tracking device, SDINS, Strapdown, Strapdown inertial guidance, Strapdown inertial navigation.

, LGM-30 Minuteman, Light-emitting diode, Linear variable differential transformer, Local tangent plane coordinates, Lunar module, Magnetohydrodynamics, Magnetometer, MEMS, Missile, Mobile robot, Motion capture, Moving parts, Navigation, Numerical integration, Numerical stability, Open-loop controller, Operation Paperclip, Pedometer, Peenemünde, Photodiode, Position sensor, Precession, Pressure reference system, Printed circuit board, Q-guidance, Quaternion, Radar jamming and deception, Raytheon, Remotely operated underwater vehicle, Required navigation performance, Ring laser gyroscope, Robert H. Goddard, Rocket, Sagnac effect, San Diego, Satellite navigation, Schuler tuning, Ship, Solar cell, Space Shuttle, Spacecraft, Submarine, United States Army Research Laboratory, Velocity, Vibrating structure gyroscope, Wernher von Braun, World War II.