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427 relations: Abdomen, Absorption (pharmacology), Acne, Active metabolite, Addiction, Adipose tissue, Adrenal gland, Agonist, Alcohol, Alcohol (drug), Aldosterone, Alfadolone, Alfaxalone, Alkene, Allopregnanolone, Allosteric modulator, American Academy of Pediatrics, Amnesia, Androgen, Androgen receptor, Androstenedione, Anemia, Anesthetic, Antiandrogen, Anticonvulsant, Antiestrogen, Antigonadotropin, Antihypertensive drug, Antimineralocorticoid, Anxiety, Anxiolytic, Aqueous solution, Assisted reproductive technology, Asthma, Back pain, Barbiturate, Basal body temperature, Benzodiazepine, Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome, Benzyl alcohol, Bile, Bioavailability, Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy, Biological half-life, Biological target, Biosynthesis, Biotransformation, Birth, Birth control, Blood lipids, ..., Brain, Brain damage, Brand, Breast, Breast cancer, Breast development, Breast pain, Breastfeeding, Breathing, Capillary, Capsule (pharmacy), Cardiovascular disease, Case report, Castration, Catamenial epilepsy, Cell growth, Central nervous system, Cervix, Chemical structure, Chemical synthesis, Childbirth, Cholesterol, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Circulatory system, Clearance (pharmacology), Clinical research, Cmax (pharmacology), Cochrane (organisation), Cognition, Cognitive deficit, Competitive inhibition, Compounding, Confusion, Constipation, Contraindication, Cortisol, Cramp, Cream (pharmaceutical), CYP17A1, CYP3A4, Cyproterone acetate, Cytochrome P450, Decidualization, Dehydroepiandrosterone, Depressant, Depression (mood), Diabetes mellitus, Dienogest, Dihydroprogesterone, Dihydrotestosterone, Diketone, Dioscorea villosa, Diosgenin, Dizziness, Double bond, Downregulation and upregulation, Drug interaction, Drug metabolism, Drug overdose, Drug tolerance, Drug withdrawal, Duodenum, Dutasteride, Dydrogesterone, Dyspareunia, Dysphoria, Ecchymosis, Ectopic pregnancy, Edema, EIDD-036, EIDD-1723, Elimination (pharmacology), Embryo transfer, Emotionality, Emulsion, Endocrine system, Endogeny (biology), Endometrial cancer, Endometrial hyperplasia, Endometrium, English language, Enzyme, Enzyme inhibitor, Epilepsy, Epileptic seizure, Epithelium, Erythema, Estradiol, Estradiol (medication), Estradiol/progesterone, Estrogen, Estrogen (medication), Estrogen receptor, Estrone, Estrone sulfate, Estrone sulfotransferase, Ether, Euphoria, Excitatory postsynaptic potential, Excretion, Exogeny, Fallopian tube, Fat, Fatigue, Feminization (biology), Fertility, Fetus, Finasteride, First pass effect, Fluoxetine, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Follicular phase, Food and Drug Administration, France, French language, Functional group, GABAA receptor, Ganaxolone, Gastrointestinal tract, Gel, Gene, Genetic variation, German language, Glucocorticoid, Glucocorticoid receptor, Glucuronidation, Gonad, Gonadotropin, Gynaecology, Hair follicle, Headache, Heart failure, Hirsutism, Hoarse voice, Hormone, Hormone replacement therapy, Hot flash, HSD17B1, HSD17B2, Human serum albumin, Human sexuality, Human skin, Hydrocortisone, Hydrophile, Hydroxydione, Hypernatremia, Hypersensitivity, Hypertension, Hyperthermia, Hypnotic, Hypogonadism, Hypospadias, Hypotension, Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, Hypothalamus, In vitro, In vitro fertilisation, Infertility, Inflammation, Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, Injection (medicine), Injection site reaction, Intelligence, Intersex, Intracerebral hemorrhage, Intramuscular injection, Intrauterine device, Intravaginal administration, Intravenous therapy, Irritability, Irritation, Itch, Keratin, Ketone, Kidney, Kidney failure, Lactation, Latin, Lethargy, Levonorgestrel, Libido, Ligand (biochemistry), Lightheadedness, Lipid profile, Lipophilicity, Liver, Liver disease, Luteal phase, Luteal support, Luteinizing hormone, Mammary alveolus, Mammoplasia, Medical prescription, Medication, Medrogestone, Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Membrane progesterone receptor, Memory, Menopause, Menstrual cycle, Menstruation, Metabolic intermediate, Metabolism, Metabolite, Metribolone, Mexico, Micronization, Microparticle, Migraine, Minaxolone, Mineralocorticoid, Mineralocorticoid receptor, Miscarriage, Mood (psychology), Multiple sclerosis, Muscle, Myelin, Nandrolone, Nasal administration, Nasal spray, Natriuresis, Natural product, Nausea, Negative feedback, Neurosteroid, Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitter, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Norethisterone, Nuclear receptor, Off-target activity, Oil, Oral administration, Organic compound, Ovary, Over-the-counter drug, Ovulation, P1-185, Pain, Pap test, PAQR5, PAQR6, PAQR7, PAQR8, PAQR9, Paracetamol, Paroxetine, Partial agonist, Pessary, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacovigilance, Physical disability, Pituitary gland, Plasma protein binding, Portuguese language, Postmenopausal hormone therapy, Postpartum depression, Postpartum period, Precursor (chemistry), Pregnancy, Pregnane, Pregnane X receptor, Pregnanediol, Pregnanetriol, Pregnanolone, Pregnanolone (disambiguation), Pregnenolone, Premenstrual dysphoric disorder, Premenstrual syndrome, Preterm birth, Prodrug, Progesterone, Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether, Progesterone carboxymethyloxime, Progesterone receptor, Progesterone receptor A, Progesterone receptor B, Progesterone receptor C, Progesterone vaginal ring, Progestin, Progestogen, Promegestone, Prostate, Quingestrone, Radionics, Rebound effect, Receptor antagonist, Rectal administration, Renanolone, Reproductive system, Respiratory center, Retroprogesterone, Route of administration, Saliva, Schering AG, Secretion, Sedation, Sedative, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Sertraline, Serum (blood), Sex hormone-binding globulin, Sex organ, Sex steroid, Sexual differentiation, Sexual dimorphism, Sexually transmitted infection, Side effect, Sigma receptor, Sigma-1 receptor, Skin, Sodium, Solubility, Somnolence, Spanish language, Spinnbarkeit, Spironolactone, SRD5A1, SRD5A2, Steroid, Steroid hormone, Steroid sulfatase, Stimulant, Structural analog, Subcutaneous injection, Sublingual administration, Substance abuse, Substrate (chemistry), Sulfation, Suppository, Suspension (chemistry), Symptom, Synergy, Teratology, Testicle, Testosterone, Thigh, Thrombophlebitis, Tissue (biology), Tolerability, Topical medication, Toxicity, Trademark distinctiveness, Trans woman, Transcortin, Transdermal, Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female), Traumatic brain injury, United States, Urinary tract infection, Urine, Uterus, Vagina, Vaginal bleeding, Vaginal discharge, Vaginal ring, Vaginitis, Venous blood, Venous thrombosis, Virilization, Vitamin D, VOLT-02, Water retention (medicine), World Professional Association for Transgender Health, 11-Deoxycorticosterone, 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone, 17α-Methylprogesterone, 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 19-Norprogesterone, 20α-Dihydroprogesterone, 21-Hydroxylase, 3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5α-Reductase, 5α-Reductase deficiency, 5α-Reductase inhibitor, 5β-Reductase. Expand index (377 more) »
Abdomen
The abdomen (less formally called the belly, stomach, tummy or midriff) constitutes the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.
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Absorption (pharmacology)
In pharmacology (and more specifically pharmacokinetics), absorption is the movement of a drug from the site of administration to bloodstream.
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Acne
Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when hair follicles are clogged with dead skin cells and oil from the skin.
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Active metabolite
An active metabolite is an active form of a drug after it has been processed by the body.
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Addiction
Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.
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Adipose tissue
In biology, adipose tissue, body fat, or simply fat is a loose connective tissue composed mostly of adipocytes.
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Adrenal gland
The adrenal glands (also known as suprarenal glands) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol.
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Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and activates the receptor to produce a biological response.
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Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is any organic compound in which the hydroxyl functional group (–OH) is bound to a carbon.
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Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug that is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).
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Aldosterone
Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland.
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Alfadolone
Alfadolone (INN), or alphadolone is a neuroactive steroid and general anesthetic.
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Alfaxalone
Alfaxalone, also known as alphaxalone or alphaxolone and sold under the brand name Alfaxan, is a neuroactive steroid and general anesthetic which is used in veterinary practice as an induction agent for anesthesia and as an injectable anesthetic.
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Alkene
In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at least one carbon–carbon double bond.
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Allopregnanolone
Allopregnanolone, also known as 5α-pregnan-3α-ol-20-one or 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (3α,5α-THP), as well as brexanolone, is an endogenous inhibitory pregnane neurosteroid.
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Allosteric modulator
In biochemistry and pharmacology, an allosteric modulator (allo- from the Greek meaning "other") is a substance which indirectly influences (modulates) the effects of a primary ligand that directly activates or deactivates the function of a target protein.
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American Academy of Pediatrics
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is an American professional association of pediatricians, headquartered in Itasca, Illinois.
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Amnesia
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage, disease, or psychological trauma.
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Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
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Androgen receptor
The androgen receptor (AR), also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 4), is a type of nuclear receptor that is activated by binding any of the androgenic hormones, including testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the cytoplasm and then translocating into the nucleus.
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Androstenedione
Androstenedione, or 4-androstenedione (abbreviated as A4 or Δ4-dione), also known as androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, is an endogenous weak androgen steroid hormone and intermediate in the biosynthesis of estrone and of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).
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Anemia
Anemia is a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen.
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Anesthetic
An anesthetic (or anaesthetic) is a drug to prevent pain during surgery, completely blocking any feeling as opposed to an analgesic.
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Antiandrogen
Antiandrogens, also known as androgen antagonists or testosterone blockers, are a class of drugs that prevent androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from mediating their biological effects in the body.
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Anticonvulsant
Anticonvulsants (also commonly known as antiepileptic drugs or as antiseizure drugs) are a diverse group of pharmacological agents used in the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Antiestrogen
Antiestrogens, also known as estrogen antagonists or estrogen blockers, are a class of drugs which prevent estrogens like estradiol from mediating their biological effects in the body.
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Antigonadotropin
An antigonadotropin is a drug which suppresses the activity and/or downstream effects of one or both of the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
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Antihypertensive drug
Antihypertensives are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).
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Antimineralocorticoid
An antimineralocorticoid, MCRA, or an aldosterone antagonist, is a diuretic drug which antagonizes the action of aldosterone at mineralocorticoid receptors.
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Anxiety
Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of inner turmoil, often accompanied by nervous behaviour such as pacing back and forth, somatic complaints, and rumination.
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Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or antianxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that inhibits anxiety.
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Aqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.
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Assisted reproductive technology
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is the technology used to achieve pregnancy in procedures such as fertility medication, in vitro fertilization and surrogacy.
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Asthma
Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
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Back pain
Back pain is pain felt in the back of the body.
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Barbiturate
A barbiturate is a drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant, and can therefore produce a wide spectrum of effects, from mild sedation to death.
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Basal body temperature
Basal body temperature (BBT or BTP) is the lowest body temperature attained during rest (usually during sleep).
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Benzodiazepine
Benzodiazepines (BZD, BZs), sometimes called "benzos", are a class of psychoactive drugs whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring.
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Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome—often abbreviated to benzo withdrawal—is the cluster of symptoms that emerge when a person who has taken benzodiazepines, either medically or recreationally, and has developed a physical dependence undergoes dosage reduction or discontinuation.
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Benzyl alcohol
Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH.
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Bile
Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
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Bioavailability
In pharmacology, bioavailability (BA or F) is a subcategory of absorption and is the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
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Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy (BHRT), also known as bioidentical hormone therapy or natural hormone therapy, is the use of hormones that are identical on a molecular level with endogenous hormones in hormone replacement therapy.
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Biological half-life
The biological half-life of a biological substance is the time it takes for half to be removed by biological processes when the rate of removal is roughly exponential.
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Biological target
A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function.
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Biosynthesis
Biosynthesis (also called anabolism) is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms.
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Biotransformation
Biotransformation is the chemical modification (or modifications) made by an organism on a chemical compound.
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Birth
Birth is the act or process of bearing or bringing forth offspring.
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Birth control
Birth control, also known as contraception and fertility control, is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy.
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Blood lipids
Blood lipids (or blood fats) are lipids in the blood, either free or bound to other molecules.
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Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
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Brain damage
Brain damage or brain injury (BI) is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells.
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Brand
A brand is a name, term, design, symbol, or other feature that distinguishes an organization or product from its rivals in the eyes of the customer.
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Breast
The breast is one of two prominences located on the upper ventral region of the torso of primates.
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Breast cancer
Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.
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Breast development
Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.
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Breast pain
Breast pain is a medical symptom that is most often associated with a developing disease or condition of the breast.
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Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding, also known as nursing, is the feeding of babies and young children with milk from a woman's breast.
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Breathing
Breathing (or respiration, or ventilation) is the process of moving air into and out of the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly by bringing in oxygen and flushing out carbon dioxide.
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Capillary
A capillary is a small blood vessel from 5 to 10 micrometres (µm) in diameter, and having a wall one endothelial cell thick.
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Capsule (pharmacy)
In the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, encapsulation refers to a range of dosage forms—techniques used to enclose medicines—in a relatively stable shell known as a capsule, allowing them to, for example, be taken orally or be used as suppositories.
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Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.
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Case report
In medicine, a case report is a detailed report of the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient.
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Castration
Castration (also known as gonadectomy) is any action, surgical, chemical, or otherwise, by which an individual loses use of the testicles.
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Catamenial epilepsy
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent seizures.
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Cell growth
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction).
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Central nervous system
The central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.
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Cervix
The cervix or cervix uteri (neck of the uterus) is the lower part of the uterus in the human female reproductive system.
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Chemical structure
A chemical structure determination includes a chemist's specifying the molecular geometry and, when feasible and necessary, the electronic structure of the target molecule or other solid.
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Chemical synthesis
Chemical synthesis is a purposeful execution of chemical reactions to obtain a product, or several products.
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Childbirth
Childbirth, also known as labour and delivery, is the ending of a pregnancy by one or more babies leaving a woman's uterus by vaginal passage or C-section.
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Cholesterol
Cholesterol (from the Ancient Greek chole- (bile) and stereos (solid), followed by the chemical suffix -ol for an alcohol) is an organic molecule.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Clearance (pharmacology)
In pharmacology, the clearance is a pharmacokinetic measurement of the volume of plasma from which a substance is completely removed per unit time; the usual units are mL/min.
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Clinical research
Clinical research is a branch of healthcare science that determines the safety and effectiveness (efficacy) of medications, devices, diagnostic products and treatment regimens intended for human use.
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Cmax (pharmacology)
Cmax is the maximum (or peak) serum concentration that a drug achieves in a specified compartment or test area of the body after the drug has been administrated and before the administration of a second dose.
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Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a non-profit, non-governmental organization formed to organize medical research findings so as to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions faced by health professionals, patients, and policy makers.
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Cognition
Cognition is "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses".
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Cognitive deficit
Cognitive deficit or cognitive impairment is an inclusive term to describe any characteristic that acts as a barrier to the cognition process.
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Competitive inhibition
Competitive inhibition is a form of enzyme inhibition where binding of an inhibitor prevents binding of the target molecule of the enzyme, also known as the substrate.
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Compounding
Pharmaceutical compounding (done in compounding pharmacies) is the creation of a particular pharmaceutical product to fit the unique need of a patient.
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Confusion
Confusion (from Latin confusĭo, -ōnis, from confundere: "to pour together;" "to mingle together;" "to confuse") is the state of being bewildered or unclear in one’s mind about something.
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Constipation
Constipation refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass.
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Contraindication
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition or factor that serves as a reason to withhold a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
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Cortisol
Cortisol is a steroid hormone, in the glucocorticoid class of hormones.
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Cramp
A cramp is a sudden, involuntary muscle contraction or over-shortening; while generally temporary and non-damaging, they can cause significant pain, and a paralysis-like immobility of the affected muscle.
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Cream (pharmaceutical)
A cream is a preparation usually for application to the skin.
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CYP17A1
Cytochrome P450 17A1, also called steroid 17α-monooxygenase, 17α-hydroxylase, 17,20-lyase, or 17,20-desmolase, is an enzyme of the hydroxylase type that in humans is encoded by the CYP17A1 gene on chromosome 10.
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CYP3A4
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.
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Cyproterone acetate
Cyproterone acetate (CPA), sold alone under the brand name Androcur or with ethinylestradiol (EE) under the brand names Diane or Diane-35 among others, is an antiandrogen and progestogen which is used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, early puberty, and prostate cancer, as a component of feminizing hormone therapy for transgender women, and in birth control pills.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Decidualization
Decidualization is a process that results in significant changes to cells of the endometrium in preparation for, and during, pregnancy.
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Dehydroepiandrosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), also known as androstenolone, is an endogenous steroid hormone.
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Depressant
A depressant, or central depressant, is a drug that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain.
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Depression (mood)
Depression is a state of low mood and aversion to activity that can affect a person's thoughts, behavior, tendencies, feelings, and sense of well-being.
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Diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period.
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Dienogest
Dienogest, sold under the brand names Natazia and Qlaira among others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills and in the treatment of endometriosis.
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Dihydroprogesterone
Dihydroprogesterone may refer to.
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Dihydrotestosterone
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), also known as androstanolone or stanolone, is an endogenous androgen sex steroid and hormone.
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Diketone
A diketone or dione is a molecule containing two ketone groups.
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Dioscorea villosa
Dioscorea villosa is a species of a twining tuberous vine that is native to eastern North America.
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Diosgenin
Diosgenin, a phytosteroid sapogenin, is the product of hydrolysis by acids, strong bases, or enzymes of saponins, extracted from the tubers of Dioscorea wild yam, such as the Kokoro.
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Dizziness
Dizziness is an impairment in spatial perception and stability.
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Double bond
A double bond in chemistry is a chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two.
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Downregulation and upregulation
In the biological context of organisms' production of gene products, downregulation is the process by which a cell decreases the quantity of a cellular component, such as RNA or protein, in response to an external stimulus.
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Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together.
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Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
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Drug overdose
The term drug overdose (or simply overdose or OD) describes the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities greater than are recommended or generally practiced.
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Drug tolerance
Drug tolerance is a pharmacological concept describing subjects' reduced reaction to a drug following its repeated use.
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Drug withdrawal
Drug withdrawal is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in intake of medications or recreational drugs.
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Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds.
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Dutasteride
Dutasteride, sold under the brand name Avodart among others, is a medication used primarily to treat enlarged prostate in men.
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Dydrogesterone
Dydrogesterone, sold under the brand name Duphaston among others, is a progestin medication which is used for a variety of indications, including threatened or recurrent miscarriage during pregnancy, dysfunctional bleeding, infertility due to luteal insufficiency, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, secondary amenorrhea, irregular cycles, premenstrual syndrome, and as a component of menopausal hormone therapy.
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Dyspareunia
Dyspareunia is painful sexual intercourse due to medical or psychological causes.
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Dysphoria
Dysphoria (from δύσφορος (dysphoros), δυσ-, difficult, and φέρειν, to bear) is a profound state of unease or dissatisfaction.
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Ecchymosis
An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding (from extravasation of blood) with diameter larger than.
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Ectopic pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy is a complication of pregnancy in which the embryo attaches outside the uterus.
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Edema
Edema, also spelled oedema or œdema, is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the interstitium, located beneath the skin and in the cavities of the body, which can cause severe pain.
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EIDD-036
EIDD-036, also known as EPRX-036, as well as progesterone 20-oxime (P4-20-O) or 20-(hydroxyimino)pregn-4-en-3-one, is a synthetic, water-soluble analogue of progesterone, a neurosteroid, and the active metabolite of EIDD-1723 (EPRX-01723), a medication developed for the potential treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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EIDD-1723
EIDD-1723, also known as EPRX-01723 or as progesterone 20E- sodium salt, is a synthetic, water-soluble analogue of progesterone and a neurosteroid which was developed for the potential treatment of traumatic brain injury.
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Elimination (pharmacology)
In pharmacology the elimination or excretion of a drug is understood to be any one of a number of processes by which a drug is eliminated (that is, cleared and excreted) from an organism either in an unaltered form (unbound molecules) or modified as a metabolite.
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Embryo transfer
Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.
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Emotionality
Emotionality is the observable behavioral and physiological component of emotion.
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Emulsion
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).
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Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system consisting of hormones, the group of glands of an organism that carry those hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs, and the feedback loops of homeostasis that the hormones drive.
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Endogeny (biology)
Endogenous substances and processes are those that originate from within an organism, tissue, or cell.
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Endometrial cancer
Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium (the lining of the uterus or womb).
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Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition of excessive proliferation of the cells of the endometrium, or inner lining of the uterus.
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Endometrium
The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.
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Enzyme
Enzymes are macromolecular biological catalysts.
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Enzyme inhibitor
4QI9) An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
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Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by epileptic seizures.
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Epileptic seizure
An epileptic seizure is a brief episode of signs or symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
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Epithelium
Epithelium is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue.
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Erythema
Erythema (from the Greek erythros, meaning red) is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
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Estradiol
Estradiol (E2), also spelled oestradiol, is an estrogen steroid hormone and the major female sex hormone.
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Estradiol (medication)
Estradiol, also spelled oestradiol, is a medication and naturally occurring steroid hormone.
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Estradiol/progesterone
Estradiol/progesterone (developmental code name TX-001HR, formerly TX-12-001HR) is an oral combination of estradiol, an estrogen, and progesterone, a progestogen, which is under development in the United States by TherapeuticsMD for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and endometrial hyperplasia.
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Estrogen
Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female sex hormone.
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Estrogen (medication)
An estrogen is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Estrogen receptor
Estrogen receptors (ERs) are a group of proteins found inside cells.
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Estrone
Estrone (E1), also spelled oestrone, is a steroid, a weak estrogen, and a minor female sex hormone.
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Estrone sulfate
Estrone sulfate (E1S), or estrone 3-sulfate, is a natural, endogenous steroid and an estrogen ester and conjugate.
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Estrone sulfotransferase
Estrone sulfotransferase (EST), also known as estrogen sulfotransferase, is an enzyme that catalyzes the transformation of an unconjugated estrogen like estrone into a sulfated estrogen like estrone sulfate.
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Ether
Ethers are a class of organic compounds that contain an ether group—an oxygen atom connected to two alkyl or aryl groups.
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Euphoria
Euphoria is an affective state in which a person experiences pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness.
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Excitatory postsynaptic potential
In neuroscience, an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is a postsynaptic potential that makes the postsynaptic neuron more likely to fire an action potential.
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Excretion
Excretion is the process by which metabolic waste is eliminated from an organism.
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Exogeny
In a variety of contexts, exogeny or exogeneity is the fact of an action or object originating externally.
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Fallopian tube
The Fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes or salpinges (singular salpinx), are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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Fat
Fat is one of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.
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Fatigue
Fatigue is a subjective feeling of tiredness that has a gradual onset.
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Feminization (biology)
In biology and medicine, feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the female of the species.
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Fertility
Fertility is the natural capability to produce offspring.
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Fetus
A fetus is a stage in the prenatal development of viviparous organisms.
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Finasteride
Finasteride, sold under the brand names Proscar and Propecia among others, is a medication used mainly to treat an enlarged prostate or scalp hair loss in men.
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First pass effect
The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation.
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Fluoxetine
Fluoxetine, also known by trade names Prozac and Sarafem, among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is a gonadotropin, a glycoprotein polypeptide hormone.
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Follicular phase
The follicular phase is the phase of the estrous cycle, (or, in humans and great apes, the menstrual cycle) during which follicles in the ovary mature.
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Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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French language
French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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Functional group
In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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GABAA receptor
The GABAA receptor (GABAAR) is an ionotropic receptor and ligand-gated ion channel.
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Ganaxolone
Ganaxolone is an experimental CNS-selective GABAA modulator that is under development by Marinus Pharmaceuticals as an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant agent.
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Gastrointestinal tract
The gastrointestinal tract (digestive tract, digestional tract, GI tract, GIT, gut, or alimentary canal) is an organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces.
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Gel
A gel is a solid jelly-like material that can have properties ranging from soft and weak to hard and tough.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genetic variation
Genetic variation means that biological systems – individuals and populations – are different over space.
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German language
German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.
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Glucocorticoid
Glucocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which are a class of steroid hormones.
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Glucocorticoid receptor
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR, or GCR) also known as NR3C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) is the receptor to which cortisol and other glucocorticoids bind.
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Glucuronidation
Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.
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Gonad
A gonad or sex gland or reproductive gland is a mixed gland that produces the gametes (sex cells) and sex hormones of an organism.
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Gonadotropin
Gonadotropins are glycoprotein polypeptide hormones secreted by gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary of vertebrates.
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Gynaecology
Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the medical practice dealing with the health of the female reproductive systems (vagina, uterus, and ovaries) and the breasts.
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Hair follicle
The hair follicle is a dynamic organ found in mammalian skin.
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Headache
Headache is the symptom of pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck.
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Heart failure
Heart failure (HF), often referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), is when the heart is unable to pump sufficiently to maintain blood flow to meet the body's needs.
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Hirsutism
Hirsutism is excessive body hair in men and women on parts of the body where hair is normally absent or minimal, such as on the chin or chest in particular, or the face or body in general.
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Hoarse voice
A hoarse voice, also known as hoarseness or dysphonia, is when the voice involuntarily sounds breathy, raspy, or strained, or is softer in volume or lower in pitch.
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Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.
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Hormone replacement therapy
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is any form of hormone therapy wherein the patient, in the course of medical treatment, receives hormones, either to supplement a lack of naturally occurring hormones or to substitute other hormones for naturally occurring hormones.
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Hot flash
Hot flashes (American English) or hot flushes (British English) are a form of flushing due to reduced levels of estradiol.
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HSD17B1
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (17β-HSD1) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B1 gene.
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HSD17B2
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (17β-HSD2) is an enzyme of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) family that in humans is encoded by the HSD17B2 gene.
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Human serum albumin
Human serum albumin is the serum albumin found in human blood.
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Human sexuality
Human sexuality is the way people experience and express themselves sexually.
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Human skin
The human skin is the outer covering of the body.
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Hydrocortisone
Hydrocortisone, sold under a number of brand names, is the name for the hormone cortisol when supplied as a medication.
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Hydrophile
A hydrophile is a molecule or other molecular entity that is attracted to water molecules and tends to be dissolved by water.
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Hydroxydione
Hydroxydione, as hydroxydione sodium succinate (brand names Viadril, Predion, and Presuren), also known as 21-Hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione, is a neuroactive steroid which was formerly used as a general anesthetic, but was discontinued due to incidence of thrombophlebitis in patients.
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Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia, also spelled hypernatraemia, is a high concentration of sodium in the blood.
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Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) refers to undesirable reactions produced by the normal immune system, including allergies and autoimmunity.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Hyperthermia
Hyperthermia is elevated body temperature due to failed thermoregulation that occurs when a body produces or absorbs more heat than it dissipates.
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Hypnotic
Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep) or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or surgical anesthesia.
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Hypogonadism
Hypogonadism means diminished functional activity of the gonads—the testes or the ovaries —that may result in diminished sex hormone biosynthesis.
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Hypospadias
Hypospadias is a congenital disorder of the urethra where the urinary opening is not at the usual location on the head of the penis.
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Hypotension
Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.
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Hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis
The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG axis) refers to the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and gonadal glands as if these individual endocrine glands were a single entity.
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Hypothalamus
The hypothalamus(from Greek ὑπό, "under" and θάλαμος, thalamus) is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions.
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In vitro
In vitro (meaning: in the glass) studies are performed with microorganisms, cells, or biological molecules outside their normal biological context.
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In vitro fertilisation
In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a process of fertilisation where an egg is combined with sperm outside the body, in vitro ("in glass").
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Infertility
Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Inhibitory postsynaptic potential
An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is a kind of synaptic potential that makes a postsynaptic neuron less likely to generate an action potential.
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Injection (medicine)
Injection (often referred to as a "shot" in US English, or a "jab" in UK English) is the act of putting a liquid, especially a drug, into a person's body using a needle (usually a hypodermic needle) and a syringe.
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Injection site reaction
Injection site reactions are allergic reactions that result in cutaneous necrosis that may occur at sites of medication injection, typically presenting in one of two forms, (1) those associated with intravenous infusion or (2) those related to intramuscular injection.
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Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many different ways to include the capacity for logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, and problem solving.
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Intersex
Intersex people are born with any of several variations in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, sex hormones, or genitals that, according to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, "do not fit the typical definitions for male or female bodies".
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Intracerebral hemorrhage
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as cerebral bleed, is a type of intracranial bleed that occurs within the brain tissue or ventricles.
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Intramuscular injection
Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.
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Intrauterine device
An intrauterine device (IUD), also known as intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD or ICD) or coil, is a small, often T-shaped birth control device that is inserted into a woman's uterus to prevent pregnancy.
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Intravaginal administration
Intravaginal administration is a route of administration where the substance is applied inside the vagina.
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Intravenous therapy
Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).
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Irritability
Irritability is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment.
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Irritation
Irritation, in biology and physiology, is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage.
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Itch
Itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes the desire or reflex to scratch.
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Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of fibrous structural proteins.
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Ketone
In chemistry, a ketone (alkanone) is an organic compound with the structure RC(.
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Kidney
The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs present in left and right sides of the body in vertebrates.
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Kidney failure
Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.
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Lactation
Lactation describes the secretion of milk from the mammary glands and the period of time that a mother lactates to feed her young.
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Latin
Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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Lethargy
Lethargy is a state of tiredness, weariness, fatigue, or lack of energy.
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Levonorgestrel
Levonorgestrel is a hormonal medication which is used in a number of birth control methods.
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Libido
Libido, colloquially known as sex drive, is a person's overall sexual drive or desire for sexual activity.
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Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
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Lightheadedness
Lightheadedness is a common and typically unpleasant sensation of dizziness and/or a feeling that one may faint.
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Lipid profile
Lipid profile or lipid panel is a panel of blood tests that serves as an initial screening tool for abnormalities in lipids, such as cholesterol and triglycerides.
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Lipophilicity
Lipophilicity (from Greek λίπος "fat" and φίλος "friendly"), refers to the ability of a chemical compound to dissolve in fats, oils, lipids, and non-polar solvents such as hexane or toluene.
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Liver
The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.
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Liver disease
Liver disease (also called hepatic disease) is a type of damage to or disease of the liver.
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Luteal phase
The luteal phase is the latter phase of the menstrual cycle (in humans and a few other animals) or the earlier phase of the estrous cycle (in other placental mammals).
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Luteal support
Luteal support is the administration of medication, generally progesterone, progestins or GnRH agonists, to increase the success rate of implantation and early embryogenesis, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the corpus luteum.
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Luteinizing hormone
Luteinizing hormone (LH, also known as lutropin and sometimes lutrophin) is a hormone produced by gonadotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland.
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Mammary alveolus
A mammary alveolus (plural: alveoli, from Latin alveolus, "little cavity") is a small cavity or sac found in the mammary gland.
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Mammoplasia
Mammoplasia is the normal or spontaneous enlargement of human breasts.
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Medical prescription
A prescription is a health-care program implemented by a physician or other qualified health care practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual patient.
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Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
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Medrogestone
Medrogestone, sold under the brand name Colprone among others, is a progestin medication which has been used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Medroxyprogesterone acetate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), sold under the brand name Depo-Provera among others, is a hormonal medication of the progestin type.
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Membrane progesterone receptor
Membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are a group of cell surface receptors and membrane steroid receptors belonging to the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family which bind the endogenous progestogen and neurosteroid progesterone, as well as the neurosteroid allopregnanolone.
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Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.
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Menopause
Menopause, also known as the climacteric, is the time in most women's lives when menstrual periods stop permanently, and they are no longer able to bear children.
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Menstrual cycle
The menstrual cycle is the regular natural change that occurs in the female reproductive system (specifically the uterus and ovaries) that makes pregnancy possible.
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Menstruation
Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
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Metabolic intermediate
Metabolic intermediates are molecules which are the precursors or metabolites of biologically significant molecules.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Metabolite
A metabolite is the intermediate end product of metabolism.
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Metribolone
Metribolone (developmental code name R1881), also known as methyltrienolone, is a synthetic and orally active anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) derivative which was never marketed for medical use but has been widely used in scientific research as a hot ligand in androgen receptor (AR) ligand binding assays (LBAs) and as a photoaffinity label for the AR.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Micronization
Micronization is the process of reducing the average diameter of a solid material's particles.
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Microparticle
Microparticles are particles between 0.1 and 100 \mum in size.
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Migraine
A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.
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Minaxolone
Minaxolone (CCI-12923) is a neuroactive steroid which was developed as a general anesthetic but was withdrawn before registration due to toxicity seen with long-term administration in rats, and hence was never marketed.
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Mineralocorticoid
Mineralocorticoids are a class of corticosteroids, which in turn are a class of steroid hormones.
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Mineralocorticoid receptor
The mineralocorticoid receptor (or MR, MLR, MCR), also known as the aldosterone receptor or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2, (NR3C2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR3C2 gene that is located on chromosome 4q31.1-31.2.
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Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently.
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Mood (psychology)
In psychology, a mood is an emotional state.
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Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
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Muscle
Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.
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Myelin
Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds the axon of some nerve cells, forming an electrically insulating layer.
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Nandrolone
Nandrolone, also known as 19-nortestosterone, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) which is used in the form of esters such as nandrolone decanoate (brand name Deca-Durabolin) and nandrolone phenylpropionate (brand name Durabolin).
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Nasal administration
Nasal administration is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.
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Nasal spray
Nasal sprays, or nasal drops, are used as local treatments for conditions such as nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis.
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Natriuresis
Natriuresis is the process of sodium excretion in the urine through the action of the kidneys.
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Natural product
A natural product is a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
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Nausea
Nausea or queasiness is an unpleasant sense of unease, discomfort, and revulsion towards food.
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.
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Neurosteroid
Neurosteroids, also known as neuroactive steroids, are endogenous or exogenous steroids that rapidly alter neuronal excitability through interaction with ligand-gated ion channels and other cell surface receptors.
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Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through"), also called synaptic transmission, is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and activate the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron).
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Neurotransmitter
Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that enable neurotransmission.
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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor proteins that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
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Norethisterone
Norethisterone, also known as norethindrone and sold under the brand names Aygestin and Primolut N among many others, is a progestin medication which is used in birth control pills, menopausal hormone therapy, and for the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Nuclear receptor
In the field of molecular biology, nuclear receptors are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing steroid and thyroid hormones and certain other molecules.
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Off-target activity
Off-target activity is biological activity of a drug that is different from and not at that of its intended biological target.
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Oil
An oil is any nonpolar chemical substance that is a viscous liquid at ambient temperatures and is both hydrophobic (does not mix with water, literally "water fearing") and lipophilic (mixes with other oils, literally "fat loving").
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Oral administration
| name.
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Organic compound
In chemistry, an organic compound is generally any chemical compound that contains carbon.
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Ovary
The ovary is an organ found in the female reproductive system that produces an ovum.
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Over-the-counter drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.
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Ovulation
Ovulation is the release of eggs from the ovaries.
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P1-185
P1-185, also known as progesterone 3-O-(L-valine)-E-oxime or as pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione 3-O-(L-valine)-E-oxime, is a synthetic progestogen and neurosteroid and an oxime ester analogue and prodrug of progesterone (and by extension of allopregnanolone).
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Pain
Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.
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Pap test
The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear, cervical smear, or smear test) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially pre-cancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb).
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PAQR5
Membrane progesterone receptor gamma (mPRγ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 5 (PAQR5), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR5 gene.
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PAQR6
Membrane progesterone receptor delta (mPRδ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 6 (PAQR6), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR6 gene.
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PAQR7
Membrane progesterone receptor alpha (mPRα), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 7 (PAQR7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR7 gene.
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PAQR8
Membrane progesterone receptor beta (mPRβ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 8 (PAQR8), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR8 gene.
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PAQR9
Membrane progesterone receptor epsilon (mPRɛ), or progestin and adipoQ receptor 9 (PAQR9), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAQR9 gene.
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Paracetamol
--> Acetanilide was the first aniline derivative serendipitously found to possess analgesic as well as antipyretic properties, and was quickly introduced into medical practice under the name of Antifebrin by A. Cahn and P. Hepp in 1886. But its unacceptable toxic effects, the most alarming being cyanosis due to methemoglobinemia, prompted the search for less toxic aniline derivatives. Harmon Northrop Morse had already synthesised paracetamol at Johns Hopkins University via the reduction of ''p''-nitrophenol with tin in glacial acetic acid in 1877, but it was not until 1887 that clinical pharmacologist Joseph von Mering tried paracetamol on humans. In 1893, von Mering published a paper reporting on the clinical results of paracetamol with phenacetin, another aniline derivative. Von Mering claimed that, unlike phenacetin, paracetamol had a slight tendency to produce methemoglobinemia. Paracetamol was then quickly discarded in favor of phenacetin. The sales of phenacetin established Bayer as a leading pharmaceutical company. Overshadowed in part by aspirin, introduced into medicine by Heinrich Dreser in 1899, phenacetin was popular for many decades, particularly in widely advertised over-the-counter "headache mixtures", usually containing phenacetin, an aminopyrine derivative of aspirin, caffeine, and sometimes a barbiturate. Paracetamol is the active metabolite of phenacetin and acetanilide, both once popular as analgesics and antipyretics in their own right. However, unlike phenacetin, acetanilide and their combinations, paracetamol is not considered carcinogenic at therapeutic doses. Von Mering's claims remained essentially unchallenged for half a century, until two teams of researchers from the United States analyzed the metabolism of acetanilide and paracetamol. In 1947 David Lester and Leon Greenberg found strong evidence that paracetamol was a major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and in a subsequent study they reported that large doses of paracetamol given to albino rats did not cause methemoglobinemia. In three papers published in the September 1948 issue of the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Bernard Brodie, Julius Axelrod and Frederick Flinn confirmed using more specific methods that paracetamol was the major metabolite of acetanilide in human blood, and established that it was just as efficacious an analgesic as its precursor. They also suggested that methemoglobinemia is produced in humans mainly by another metabolite, phenylhydroxylamine. A follow-up paper by Brodie and Axelrod in 1949 established that phenacetin was also metabolised to paracetamol. This led to a "rediscovery" of paracetamol. It has been suggested that contamination of paracetamol with 4-aminophenol, the substance von Mering synthesised it from, may be the cause for his spurious findings. Paracetamol was first marketed in the United States in 1950 under the name Triagesic, a combination of paracetamol, aspirin, and caffeine. Reports in 1951 of three users stricken with the blood disease agranulocytosis led to its removal from the marketplace, and it took several years until it became clear that the disease was unconnected. Paracetamol was marketed in 1953 by Sterling-Winthrop Co. as Panadol, available only by prescription, and promoted as preferable to aspirin since it was safe for children and people with ulcers. In 1955, paracetamol was marketed as Children's Tylenol Elixir by McNeil Laboratories. In 1956, 500 mg tablets of paracetamol went on sale in the United Kingdom under the trade name Panadol, produced by Frederick Stearns & Co, a subsidiary of Sterling Drug Inc. In 1963, paracetamol was added to the British Pharmacopoeia, and has gained popularity since then as an analgesic agent with few side-effects and little interaction with other pharmaceutical agents. Concerns about paracetamol's safety delayed its widespread acceptance until the 1970s, but in the 1980s paracetamol sales exceeded those of aspirin in many countries, including the United Kingdom. This was accompanied by the commercial demise of phenacetin, blamed as the cause of analgesic nephropathy and hematological toxicity. In 1988 Sterling Winthrop was acquired by Eastman Kodak which sold the over the counter drug rights to SmithKline Beecham in 1994. Available without a prescription since 1959, it has since become a common household drug. Patents on paracetamol have long expired, and generic versions of the drug are widely available.
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Paroxetine
Paroxetine, also known by trade names including Paxil and Seroxat among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class. It is used to treat major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. It has also been used in the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats associated with menopause. It has a similar tolerability profile to other SSRIs. The common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, loss of appetite, sweating, trouble sleeping and delayed ejaculation. It may also be associated with a slightly increased risk of birth defects. The rate of withdrawal symptoms in young people may be higher with paroxetine and venlafaxine than other SSRIs and SNRIs. Several studies have associated paroxetine with suicidal thinking and behavior in children and adolescents. Marketing of the drug began in 1992 by the pharmaceutical company SmithKline Beecham, known since 2000 as GlaxoSmithKline. Generic formulations have been available since 2003 when the patent expired. The United States Department of Justice fined GlaxoSmithKline $3 billion in 2012, including a sum for withholding data on paroxetine, unlawfully promoting it for under-18s and preparing an article, following one of its clinical trials, study 329, that misleadingly reported the drug was effective in treating adolescent depression.
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Partial agonist
In pharmacology, partial agonists are drugs that bind to and activate a given receptor, but have only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist.
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Pessary
A pessary is a prosthetic device inserted into the vagina to reduce the protrusion of pelvic structures into the vagina.
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Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).
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Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered to a living organism.
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Pharmacovigilance
Pharmacovigilance (PV or PhV), also known as drug safety, is the pharmacological science relating to the collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention of adverse effects with pharmaceutical products.
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Physical disability
A physical disability is a limitation on a person's physical functioning, mobility, dexterity or stamina.
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Pituitary gland
An explanation of the development of the pituitary gland (Hypophysis cerebri) & the congenital anomalies. In vertebrate anatomy, the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland about the size of a pea and weighing in humans.
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Plasma protein binding
Plasma protein binding refers to the degree to which medications attach to proteins within the blood.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language originating from the regions of Galicia and northern Portugal in the 9th century.
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Postmenopausal hormone therapy
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), or postmenopausal hormone therapy (PHT, PMHT), also known as hormone replacement therapy in menopause, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which is used in postmenopausal, perimenopausal, and surgically menopausal women.
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Postpartum depression
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated with childbirth, which can affect both sexes.
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Postpartum period
A postpartum (or postnatal) period begins immediately after the birth of a child as the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state.
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Precursor (chemistry)
In chemistry, a precursor is a compound that participates in a chemical reaction that produces another compound.
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Pregnancy
Pregnancy, also known as gestation, is the time during which one or more offspring develops inside a woman.
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Pregnane
Pregnane is a C21 steroid and, indirectly, a parent of progesterone.
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Pregnane X receptor
In the field of molecular biology, the pregnane X receptor (PXR), also known as the steroid and xenobiotic sensing nuclear receptor (SXR) or nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 (NR1I2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NR1I2 (nuclear Receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2) gene.
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Pregnanediol
Pregnanediol, or 5β-pregnane-3α,20α-diol, is an inactive metabolic product of progesterone.
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Pregnanetriol
Pregnanetriol, or 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol is a steroid and inactive metabolite of progesterone.
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Pregnanolone
Pregnanolone, also known as eltanolone, is an endogenous neurosteroid that is biosynthesized from progesterone.
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Pregnanolone (disambiguation)
Pregnanolone, also known as tetrahydroprogesterone (THP), may refer to.
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Pregnenolone
Pregnenolone (P5), or pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one, is an endogenous steroid and precursor/metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of most of the steroid hormones, including the progestogens, androgens, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
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Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 3–8% of menstruating women.
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Premenstrual syndrome
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional symptoms that occur in the one to two weeks before a woman's period.
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Preterm birth
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age.
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Prodrug
A prodrug is a medication or compound that, after administration, is metabolized (i.e., converted within the body) into a pharmacologically active drug.
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Progesterone
Progesterone (P4) is an endogenous steroid and progestogen sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and embryogenesis of humans and other species.
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Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether
Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether, also known as progesterone acetate,https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/0004954067 as well as 3-acetoxypregna-3,5-dien-20-one, is a progestin which was never marketed.
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Progesterone carboxymethyloxime
Progesterone carboxymethyloxime, or progesterone 3-(O-carboxymethyl)oxime (P4-3-CMO), is a progestin which was never marketed.
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Progesterone receptor
The progesterone receptor (PR), also known as NR3C3 or nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 3, is a protein found inside cells.
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Progesterone receptor A
The progesterone receptor A (PR-A) is one of three known isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the endogenous progestogen sex hormone progesterone.
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Progesterone receptor B
The progesterone receptor B (PR-B) is one of three known isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the endogenous progestogen sex hormone progesterone.
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Progesterone receptor C
The progesterone receptor C (PR-C) is one of three known isoforms of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the endogenous progestogen sex hormone progesterone.
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Progesterone vaginal ring
Progesterone vaginal ring, also known as progesterone-only vaginal ring, is a form of vaginal ring used for birth control when breastfeeding.
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Progestin
A progestin is a type of medication which is used most commonly in hormonal birth control and menopausal hormone therapy.
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Progestogen
Progestogens, also sometimes spelled progestagens or gestagens, are a class of steroid hormones that bind to and activate the progesterone receptor (PR).
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Promegestone
Promegestone, sold under the brand name Surgestone, is a progestin medication which is used in menopausal hormone therapy and in the treatment of gynecological disorders.
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Prostate
The prostate (from Ancient Greek προστάτης, prostates, literally "one who stands before", "protector", "guardian") is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals.
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Quingestrone
Quingestrone, also known as progesterone 3-cyclopentyl enol ether (PCPE) and sold under the brand name Enol-Luteovis, is a progestin medication which was previously used in birth control pills in Italy but is now no longer marketed.
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Radionics
Radionics (also called electromagnetic therapy (EMT)) is a form of alternative medicine that claims disease can be diagnosed and treated by applying electromagnetic radiation (EMR), such as radio waves, to the body from an electrically powered device.
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Rebound effect
The rebound effect, or rebound phenomenon, is the emergence or re-emergence of symptoms that were either absent or controlled while taking a medication, but appear when that same medication is discontinued, or reduced in dosage.
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Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
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Rectal administration
Rectal administration uses the rectum as a route of administration for medication and other fluids, which are absorbed by the rectum's blood vessels,The rectum has numerous blood vessels available to absorb drugs.
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Renanolone
Renanolone (INN), or 11-ketopregnanolone, also known as 5β-pregnan-3α-ol-11,20-dione, is a synthetic neuroactive steroid which is described as a general anesthetic but was never introduced for clinical use.
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Reproductive system
The reproductive system or genital system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
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Respiratory center
The respiratory center is located in the medulla oblongata and pons, in the brainstem.
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Retroprogesterone
Retroprogesterone, also known as 9β,10α-progesterone or as 9β,10α-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a progestin which was never marketed.
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Route of administration
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
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Saliva
Saliva is a watery substance formed in the mouths of animals, secreted by the salivary glands.
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Schering AG
Schering AG was a research-centered German multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Wedding, Berlin, which operated as an independent company from 1851 to 2006.
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Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
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Sedation
Sedation is the reduction of irritability or agitation by administration of sedative drugs, generally to facilitate a medical procedure or diagnostic procedure.
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Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of drugs that are typically used as antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder and anxiety disorders.
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Sertraline
Sertraline, sold under the trade names Zoloft among others, is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) class.
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Serum (blood)
In blood, the serum is the component that is neither a blood cell (serum does not contain white or red blood cells) nor a clotting factor; it is the blood plasma not including the fibrinogens.
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Sex hormone-binding globulin
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) or sex steroid-binding globulin (SSBG) is a glycoprotein that binds to the two sex hormones: androgen and estrogen.
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Sex organ
A sex organ (or reproductive organ) is any part of an animal's body that is involved in sexual reproduction.
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Sex steroid
Sex steroids, also known as gonadocorticoids and gonadal steroids, are steroid hormones that interact with vertebrate androgen or estrogen receptors.
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Sexual differentiation
Sexual differentiation is the process of development of the differences between males and females from an undifferentiated zygote.
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Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where the two sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their sexual organs.
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Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
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Side effect
In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.
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Sigma receptor
Schematic σ receptor The sigma receptors σ1 and σ2 bind to ligands such as 4-PPBP (4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl) piperidine), SA 4503 (cutamesine), ditolylguanidine, dimethyltryptamine, and siramesine.
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Sigma-1 receptor
The sigma-1 receptor (σ1R), one of two sigma receptor subtypes, is a chaperone protein at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that modulates calcium signaling through the IP3 receptor.
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Skin
Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Solubility
Solubility is the property of a solid, liquid or gaseous chemical substance called solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent.
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Somnolence
Somnolence (alternatively "sleepiness" or "drowsiness") is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).
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Spanish language
Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.
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Spinnbarkeit
Spinnbarkeit (English:spinnability), also known as fibrosity, is a biomedical rheology term which refers to the stringy or stretchy property found to varying degrees in mucus, saliva, albumen and similar viscoelastic fluids.
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Spironolactone
Spironolactone, sold under the brand name Aldactone among others, is a medication that is primarily used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
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SRD5A1
3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRD5A1 gene.
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SRD5A2
3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SRD5A2 gene.
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Steroid
A steroid is a biologically active organic compound with four rings arranged in a specific molecular configuration.
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Steroid hormone
A steroid hormone is a steroid that acts as a hormone.
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Steroid sulfatase
Steroid sulfatase (STS), or steryl-sulfatase, formerly known as arylsulfatase C, is a sulfatase enzyme involved in the metabolism of steroids.
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Stimulant
Stimulants (also often referred to as psychostimulants or colloquially as uppers) is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase activity of the central nervous system and the body, drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects.
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Structural analog
A structural analog, also known as a chemical analog or simply an analog, is a compound having a structure similar to that of another compound, but differing from it in respect to a certain component.
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Subcutaneous injection
A subcutaneous injection is administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis, collectively referred to as the cutis.
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Sublingual administration
Sublingual (abbreviated SL), from the Latin for "under the tongue", refers to the pharmacological route of administration by which substances diffuse into the blood through tissues under the tongue.
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Substance abuse
Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.
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Substrate (chemistry)
In chemistry, a substrate is typically the chemical species being observed in a chemical reaction, which reacts with a reagent to generate a product.
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Sulfation
Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.
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Suppository
A suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects.
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Suspension (chemistry)
In chemistry, a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that contains solid particles sufficiently large for sedimentation.
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Symptom
A symptom (from Greek σύμπτωμα, "accident, misfortune, that which befalls", from συμπίπτω, "I befall", from συν- "together, with" and πίπτω, "I fall") is a departure from normal function or feeling which is noticed by a patient, reflecting the presence of an unusual state, or of a disease.
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Synergy
Synergy is the creation of a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts.
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Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development.
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Testicle
The testicle or testis is the male reproductive gland in all animals, including humans.
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Testosterone
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid.
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Thigh
In human anatomy, the thigh is the area between the hip (pelvis) and the knee.
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Thrombophlebitis
Thrombophlebitis is a phlebitis (inflammation of a vein) related to a thrombus (blood clot).
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Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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Tolerability
Tolerability refers to the degree to which overt adverse effects of a drug can be tolerated by a patient.
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Topical medication
A topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body.
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Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
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Trademark distinctiveness
Trademark distinctiveness is an important concept in the law governing trademarks and service marks.
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Trans woman
A trans woman (sometimes trans-woman or transwoman) is a woman who was assigned male at birth.
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Transcortin
Transcortin, also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) or serpin A6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SERPINA6 gene.
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Transdermal
Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.
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Transgender hormone therapy (male-to-female)
Transgender hormone therapy of the male-to-female (MTF) type, also known as feminizing hormone therapy, is a form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sex reassignment therapy which is used to change the secondary sexual characteristics of transgender people from masculine (or androgynous) to feminine.
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Traumatic brain injury
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force injures the brain.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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Urinary tract infection
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that affects part of the urinary tract.
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Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many animals.
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Uterus
The uterus (from Latin "uterus", plural uteri) or womb is a major female hormone-responsive secondary sex organ of the reproductive system in humans and most other mammals.
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Vagina
In mammals, the vagina is the elastic, muscular part of the female genital tract.
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Vaginal bleeding
Vaginal bleeding is any bleeding through the vagina, including bleeding from the vaginal wall itself, as well as (and more commonly) bleeding from another location of the female reproductive system, often the uterus.
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Vaginal discharge
Vaginal discharge is a mixture of liquid, cells, and bacteria that lubricates and protects the vagina.
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Vaginal ring
Vaginal rings (also known as intravaginal rings, or V-Rings) are polymeric drug delivery devices designed to provide controlled release of drugs for intravaginal administration over extended periods of time.
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Vaginitis
Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina.
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Venous blood
Venous blood is deoxygenated blood which travels from the peripheral vessels, through the venous system into the right atrium of the heart.
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Venous thrombosis
A venous thrombus is a blood clot (thrombus) that forms within a vein.
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Virilization
Virilization or masculinization is the biological development of sex differences, changes that make a male body different from a female body.
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Vitamin D
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.
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VOLT-02
VOLT-02 is a water-soluble conjugate of progesterone and a neurosteroid which is under development by Levolta Pharmaceuticals (formerly Voltarra Pharmaceuticals) for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, gynecological disorders, and menstrual disorders.
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Water retention (medicine)
The term water retention (also known as fluid retention) or hydrops, hydropsy, edema, signifies an abnormal accumulation of clear, watery fluid in the tissues or cavities of the body.
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World Professional Association for Transgender Health
The World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH), formerly the Harry Benjamin International Gender Dysphoria Association (HBIGDA), is a professional organization devoted to the understanding and treatment of gender dysphoria.
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11-Deoxycorticosterone
11-Deoxycorticosterone (DOC), or simply deoxycorticosterone, also known as 21-hydroxyprogesterone, as well as desoxycortone (INN), deoxycortone, and cortexone, is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal gland that possesses mineralocorticoid activity and acts as a precursor to aldosterone.
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17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (17α-OHP), or hydroxyprogesterone (OHP), is an endogenous progestogen steroid hormone related to progesterone.
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17α-Methylprogesterone
17α-Methylprogesterone (17α-MP), or 17α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a steroidal progestin related to progesterone that was synthesized and characterized in 1949 but was never marketed.
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17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSD, HSD17B), also 17-ketosteroid reductases (17-KSR), are a group of alcohol oxidoreductases which catalyze the reduction of 17-ketosteroids and the dehydrogenation of 17β-hydroxysteroids in steroidogenesis and steroid metabolism.
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19-Norprogesterone
19-Norprogesterone, also known as 19-norpregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, is a steroidal progestin and close analogue of the sex hormone progesterone, lacking only the C19 methyl group of that molecule.
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20α-Dihydroprogesterone
20α-Dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP), also known as 20α-hydroxyprogesterone (20α-OHP), is a naturally occurring, endogenous progestogen.
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21-Hydroxylase
Steroid 21-hydroxylase, also called steroid 21-monooxygenase, 21α-Hydroxylase, P450 21A2, and, less commonly 21β-Hydroxylase, is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that is involved with the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones aldosterone and cortisol.
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3α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD), also known as aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C4, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AKR1C4 gene.
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5α-Reductase
5α-reductases, also known as 3-oxo-5α-steroid 4-dehydrogenases, are enzymes involved in steroid metabolism.
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5α-Reductase deficiency
5α-Reductase deficiency (5-ARD) is an autosomal recessive intersex condition caused by a mutation of the 5α reductase type II gene.
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5α-Reductase inhibitor
5α-Reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs), also known as dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blockers, are a class of medications with antiandrogenic effects which are used primarily in the treatment of enlarged prostate and scalp hair loss.
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5β-Reductase
5β-Reductase, or Δ4-3-oxosteroid 5β-reductase (3-oxo-Δ4-steroid 5β-reductase, androstenedione 5β-reductase, cholestenone 5β-reductase, cortisone 5β-reductase, cortisone Δ4-5β-reductase, steroid 5β-reductase, testosterone 5β-reductase, Δ4-3-ketosteroid 5β-reductase, Δ4-5β-reductase, Δ4-hydrogenase, 4,5β-dihydrocortisone:NADP+ Δ4-oxidoreductase, 3-oxo-5β-steroid:NADP+ Δ4-oxidoreductase) is an enzyme with systematic name 5β-cholestan-3-one:NADP+ 4,5-oxidoreductase.
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Redirects here:
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progesterone_(medication)
