Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Ѳвѳр Монголын Ѳѳртѳѳ Засах Орон in Mongolian Cyrillic), is one of the autonomous regions of China, located in the north of the country. ^[1]

Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China

Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China identify administrative divisions of the PRC at county level and above.

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Alasha dialect

Alasha (in some Mongolian varieties); Mongolian script Alaša), or, is a Mongolic variety with features of both Oirat and Mongolian that historically used to belong to Oirat but has come under the influence of Mongolian proper. It has more than 40,000 speakers in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, China and consists of two sub-dialects, Alasha proper and.

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Altan Khan

Altan Khan of the Tümed (1507–1582; Алтан хан; Chinese: 阿爾坦汗), whose given name was Anda (in Mongolian; 俺答 in Chinese), was the leader of the Tümed Mongols, Shunyi Wang (Prince of Shunyi, Chinese: 顺义王) of Ming dynasty China, and de facto ruler of the Right Wing, or western tribes, of the Mongols.

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Alxa League

Alxa League or Ālāshàn League is one of 12 prefecture level divisions and 3 extant leagues of Inner Mongolia.

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Alxa Left Banner

Alxa Left Banner (Mongolian: Alaša Jegün qosiɣu) is a banner (administrative division) in the southwest of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Ancestor veneration in China

Chinese ancestor worship, or Chinese ancestor veneration, also called the Chinese patriarchal religion, is an aspect of the Chinese traditional religion which revolves around the ritual celebration of the deified ancestors and tutelary deities of people with the same surname organised into lineage societies in ancestral shrines.

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Ar Horqin Banner

Ar Horqin Banner (Mongolian: Aru Qorčin qosiɣu) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Autonomous administrative division

An autonomous administrative division (also referred to as an autonomous area, entity, unit, region, subdivision, or territory) is a subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has a degree of self-governance, or autonomy, from an external authority.

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Autonomous regions of China

An autonomous region (AR) is a first-level administrative division of China.

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Ömnögovi Province

Ömnögovi (Өмнөговь Ömnögovǐ, South Gobi) is an aimag (province) of Mongolia, located in the south of the country, in the Gobi Desert.

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Baarin Mongolian

Baarin (Mongolian Baγarin, Chinese 巴林 Bālín) is a dialect of Mongolian spoken mainly in Inner Mongolia.

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Badekar Monastery

Badekar Monastery (Mongolian script:; Mongolian Cyrillic: Бадекар Зуу), alternatively known as Wudang Temple, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelug sect.

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Bailingmiao

Bailingmiao (also known as Pailingmiao, Bat Khaalga, or Bathahalak) is a small settlement of 705 people in Inner Mongolia, China.

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Banners of Inner Mongolia

A banner is an administrative division of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China, corresponding to the county level.

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Baotou

Baotou (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ Buɣutu qota, Бугат хот) also known as Bugat hot is the second largest city by urban population in Inner Mongolia.

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Bashang Grasslands

Bashang Plateau or Bashang Grasslands covers about of northwest Hebei and bordering areas of Inner Mongolia in the counties of Zhangbei, Guyuan, Fengning, and Weichang in Hebei and Kangbao and Shangyi in Inner Mongolia.

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Battle of West Suiyuan

The Battle of West Suiyuan was part of the Second Sino-Japanese War.

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Battle of Wuyuan

The Battle of Wuyuan (March 16 – April 3, 1940) was a Chinese counterattack that defeated the Japanese invasion of the Wuyuan area.

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Bayankhongor Province

Bayankhongor (Баянхонгор, literally Rich Darling) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia.

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Bayannur

Bayannur or Bayannao'er (style Bayannaɣur qota) is a prefecture-level city in western Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Beidi

The Beidi, Northern Di, or Northern Barbarians were various ethnic groups who lived north of the Chinese (Huaxia) realms during the Zhou dynasty.

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Beijing

Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.

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Beryllium

Beryllium is a chemical element with symbol Be and atomic number 4.

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Birch

A birch is a thin-leaved deciduous hardwood tree of the genus Betula, in the family Betulaceae, which also includes alders, hazels, and hornbeams.

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Bogd Khan

The Bogd Khan (Богд хаан; 1869–1924) was enthroned as Khagan of Mongolia (Bogd Khaganate) on 29 December 1911, when Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution.

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Bu Xiaolin

Bu Xiaolin (born August 1958) is a Chinese politician of Mongol descent.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Buddhism in Mongolia

Buddhism in Mongolia derives much of its recent characteristics from Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelug and Kagyu lineages, but is distinct and presents its own unique characteristics.

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Buhe (politician)

Buhe or Bu He (ᠪᠥᠭᠡ; Бөг; March 1926 – May 5, 2017), also known as Yun Shuguang, was a Chinese politician of Mongol descent.

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Buryat language

Buryat or Buriat (Buryat Cyrillic: буряад хэлэн, buryaad xelen) is a variety of Mongolic spoken by the Buryats that is classified either as a language or as a major dialect group of Mongolian.

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Buryats

The Buryats (Buryaad; 1, Buriad), numbering approximately 500,000, are the largest indigenous group in Siberia, mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia.

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Cashmere wool

Cashmere wool, usually simply known as cashmere, is a luxury fiber obtained from cashmere goats and other types of goat.

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Cenotaph

A cenotaph is an empty tomb or a monument erected in honour of a person or group of people whose remains are elsewhere.

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Chahar Province

Chahar (ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ Чахар), also known as Chaha'er, Chakhar, or Qahar, was a province of the Republic of China in existence from 1912 to 1936, mostly covering territory in what is part of eastern Inner Mongolia.

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Chahars

The Chahars (Khalkha Mongolian: Цахар, Tsahar) are a subgroup of Mongols that speak Chakhar Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia, China.

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Chakhar Mongolian

The Chakhar (Mongolian script: Čaqar, Cyrillic: Цахар, Tsakhar) dialect is a variety of Mongolian spoken in the central region of Inner Mongolia.

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Chengde

Chengde, previously known as Jehol or Rehe, is a prefecture-level city in Hebei province, situated northeast of Beijing.

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Chifeng

Chifeng, also known as Ulankhad (style (Улаанхад хот) Ulaɣanqada qota, "red cliff"), is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Chifeng University

Chifeng University (赤峰学院) was founded as a public, full-time and comprehensive undergraduate university by the combination of the Chifeng Normal College of Nationalities and other four academies.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China–Mongolia border

The border between China and Mongolia is the line that limits the territory of People's Republic of China and Mongolia.

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China–Russia border

The Chinese–Russian border or the Sino–Russian border is the international border between China and Russia (CIS member).

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.

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Chinese economic reform

The Chinese economic reform refers to the program of economic reforms termed "Socialism with Chinese characteristics" in the People's Republic of China (PRC) that was started in December 1978 by reformists within the Communist Party of China, led by Deng Xiaoping.

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Chinese folk religion

Chinese folk religion (Chinese popular religion) or Han folk religion is the religious tradition of the Han people, including veneration of forces of nature and ancestors, exorcism of harmful forces, and a belief in the rational order of nature which can be influenced by human beings and their rulers as well as spirits and gods.

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Chinese language

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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CiNii

CiNii is a bibliographic database service for material in Japanese academic libraries, especially focusing on Japanese works and English works published in Japan.

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Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams.

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Communist Party of China

The Communist Party of China (CPC), also referred to as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China.

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Constitution of the People's Republic of China

The Constitution of the People's Republic of China is nominally the supreme law within the People's Republic of China.

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Counties of the People's Republic of China

Counties, formally county-level divisions, are found in the third level of the administrative hierarchy in Provinces and Autonomous regions, and the second level in municipalities and Hainan, a level that is known as "county level" and also contains autonomous counties, county-level cities, banners, autonomous banner, and City districts.

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County-level city

A county-level municipality, county-level city, or county city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China.

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Cult (religious practice)

Cult is literally the "care" (Latin cultus) owed to deities and to temples, shrines, or churches.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.

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Culture hero

A culture hero is a mythological hero specific to some group (cultural, ethnic, religious, etc.) who changes the world through invention or discovery.

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Dairy

A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting or processing (or both) of animal milk – mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffaloes, sheep, horses, or camels – for human consumption.

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Datong

Datong is a prefecture-level city in northern Shanxi Province in the People's Republic of China.

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Daur language

The Daur or Daghur language is a Mongolic language primarily spoken by members of the Daur ethnic group.

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Daur people

The Daur people (Khalkha Mongolian: Дагуур/Daguur;; the former name "Dahur" is considered derogatory) are a Mongolic-speaking ethnic group in northeastern China.

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Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)

Da Zhao Temple or Wuliang Temple (ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢᠦᠭᠡᠢᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ; ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨᠠᠠᠠᡡᠰᡟ), or Ih Juu (Mongolian:, scientific transliteration: yeke juu, SASM/GNC: Ih Jûû, "great deity") in Mongolian, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelugpa order in the city of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in North China.

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Demchugdongrub

Demchugdongrub (8 February 1902– 23 May 1966), also known as Prince De or Teh, was a Mongolian prince descended from the Borjigin imperial clan who lived during the 20th century and became the leader of an independence movement in Inner Mongolia.

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Deng Xiaoping

Deng Xiaoping (22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997), courtesy name Xixian (希贤), was a Chinese politician.

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Desert climate

The Desert climate (in the Köppen climate classification BWh and BWk, sometimes also BWn), also known as an arid climate, is a climate in which precipitation is too low to sustain any vegetation at all, or at most a very scanty shrub, and does not meet the criteria to be classified as a polar climate.

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Distribution of wealth

--> The distribution of wealth is a comparison of the wealth of various members or groups in a society.

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District (China)

The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.

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Donghu people

Donghu (IPA:; literally: "Eastern foreigners" or "Eastern barbarians") was a confederation of nomadic people that was first recorded from the 7th century BCE and was destroyed by the Xiongnu in 150 BCE.

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Dongsheng District

Dongsheng District (Mongolian: Düŋšėŋ toɣoriɣ;; alternate spelling English: Koshang; Turkic: Košang) is a District and the seat of Ordos City, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Dornod Province

Dornod (Дорнод, literally "the East") is the easternmost of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia.

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Dornogovi Province

Dornogovi (Дорноговь, East Gobi) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia.

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Dragon

A dragon is a large, serpent-like legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures around the world.

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Duolun County

Duolun County (Mongolian: Dolonnuur siyan) is a county of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Dust storm

A dust storm is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions.

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East Ujimqin Banner

East Ujimqin Banner (Mongolian: Jegün Ujumučin qosiɣu) is a banner in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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Economy of Mongolia

Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on agriculture and livestock.

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Ejei Khan

Ejei Khongghor or Ejei Khan (?–1661) was the son of Ligdan Khan, the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans, who once established the Mongol Empire in the 13th century.

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Ejin Banner

Ejin or Ejina (Mongolian: Эжэн-э қосиу Ejen-e qosiɣu) is a banner in the far west of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Electricity generation

Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy.

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Emperor Wu of Han

Emperor Wu of Han (30 July 157BC29 March 87BC), born Liu Che, courtesy name Tong, was the seventh emperor of the Han dynasty of China, ruling from 141–87 BC.

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Erenhot

Erenhot (ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ Эрээн хот;, commonly shortened to Ereen or Erlian) is a county-level city of the Xilin Gol League, in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, located in the Gobi Desert along the Sino-Mongolian border, across from the Mongolian town of Zamyn-Üüd.

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Esen Taishi

Esen Taishi (d. 1455) was a powerful Oirat Taishi and de facto ruler of the Northern Yuan in 15th century Mongolia.

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Ethnic townships of the People's Republic of China

An Ethnic township is a fourth-level administrative unit designated for ethnic minorities of political divisions in China.

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Evenki language

Evenki, formerly known as Tungus or Solon, is the largest member of the northern group of Tungusic languages, a group which also includes Even, Negidal, and (the more closely related) Oroqen language.

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Evenks

The Evenks (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki) (autonym: Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; Èwēnkè Zú; formerly known as Tungus or Tunguz; Хамниган Khamnigan) are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia.

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Federalism in China

Chinese federalism refers to political theories which argue that China's central government should share sovereignty with regional entities, under a form of federalism.

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Forestry

Forestry is the science and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests, woodlands, and associated resources to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human and environment benefits.

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Former Zhao

The Han Zhao (304–329), or Former Zhao, or Northern Han (北漢), was a Southern Xiongnu state during Sixteen Kingdoms period coeval with the Chinese Jin Dynasty (265-420).

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Fraxinus

Fraxinus, English name ash, is a genus of flowering plants in the olive and lilac family, Oleaceae.

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Free-trade zone

A free-trade zone (FTZ) is a specific class of special economic zone.

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Gansu

Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.

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Gautama Buddha

Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.

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Göktürks

The Göktürks, Celestial Turks, Blue Turks or Kok Turks (Old Turkic: 𐰜𐰇𐰛:𐱅𐰇𐰼𐰰, Kök Türük;, Middle Chinese: *duət̚-kʉɐt̚, Тўҗүә; Khotanese Saka: Ttūrka, Ttrūka; Old Tibetan: Drugu), were a nomadic confederation of Turkic peoples in medieval Inner Asia.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

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Goat

The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.

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Gobi Desert

The Gobi Desert is a large desert region in Asia.

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Govi-Altai Province

Govi-Altai (Говь-Алтай, Gobi-Altai) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia.

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Grape

A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.

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Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe with an eye to expansion.

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Greater Khingan

The Greater Khingan Range (IPA:; Их Хянганы нуруу, Ih Hyangani’ nurū; Manchu: Amba Hinggan), is a volcanic mountain range in northeast China.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Guangdong

Guangdong is a province in South China, located on the South China Sea coast.

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Haibowan District

Haibowan (Hairibin Tohoi) District (Mongolian: Қаыируб-ун Тоқои тоори Qayirub-un Toqoi toɣoriɣ) is a district of the city of Wuhai, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Hailar District

Hailar District is an urban district that serves as the seat of the prefecture-level city Hulunbuir in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China.

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Han Chinese

The Han Chinese,.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Han–Xiongnu War

The Han–Xiongnu War,.

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Hebei

Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.

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Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang (Wade-Giles: Heilungkiang) is a province of the People's Republic of China.

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Helan Mountains

The Helan Mountains, frequently called Alashan Mountains in older sources, are an isolated desert mountain range forming the border of Inner Mongolia's Alxa League and Ningxia.

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Heshigten Global Geopark

Heshigten Global Geopark (kè shí kè téng shì jiè dì zhì gōng yuán) is a UNESCO Global Geopark in Hexigten Banner, Chifeng city, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Hetao

Hetao is a region in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in Northwestern China.

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Hinggan League

The Hinggan League (p; ᠬᠢᠩᠭ᠋ᠠᠨ ᠠᠢᠮᠠᠭ, tr. Hinggan Aimag) is a prefecture-level subdivision of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

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Hohhot

Hohhot, abbreviated in Chinese as Hushi, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.

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Hondlon District

Hondlon District (Mongolian: Көндэлэн тоори Köndelen toɣoriɣ) is a district of Baotou, the largest city of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Hongshan culture

The Hongshan culture was a Neolithic culture in northeastern China.

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Horqin District

Horqin District (Mongolian script) is an administrative district of the prefecture-level city of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, and its seat of government.

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Horqin Left Middle Banner

Horqin Left Middle Banner (Mongolian script), formerly known as Darhan hoshuu, is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Jilin province to the east.

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Horqin Left Rear Banner

Horqin Left Rear Banner (Mongolian:;, original Mongolian name Büve vang qosigu) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south.

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Horqin Right Front Banner

Horqin Right Front Banner (Mongolian) is a banner in the east of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Jilin province to the southeast.

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Horqin Right Middle Banner

Horqin Right Middle Banner (Mongolian script) is a banner in the east of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Jilin province to the east.

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Hot pot

Hot pot is a Chinese cooking method, prepared with a simmering pot of soup stock at the dining table, containing a variety of East Asian foodstuffs and ingredients.

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Hui people

The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: خُوِذُو; Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Han Chinese adherents of the Muslim faith found throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan region.

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Hulunbuir

Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir (style, Kölün buyir, Cyrillic: Хөлөнбуйр, Khölönbuir;, Hūlúnbèi'ěr) is a region that is governed as a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, in China.

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Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

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Humid continental climate

A humid continental climate (Köppen prefix D and a third letter of a or b) is a climatic region defined by Russo-German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1900, which is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold in the northern areas) winters.

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Hunting

Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping animals, or pursuing or tracking them with the intent of doing so.

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Hure Banner

Hure Banner (Mongolian: Küriy-e qosiɣu) is a banner of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the south.

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Ice cream

Ice cream (derived from earlier iced cream or cream ice) is a sweetened frozen food typically eaten as a snack or dessert.

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Inner Mongolia

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Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (IMAU,, style) is a university in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government.

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Inner Mongolia Medical University

Inner Mongolia Medical University (内蒙古医科大学) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government.

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Inner Mongolia Normal University

Inner Mongolia Normal University (ᠥᠪᠥᠷᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠤᠨᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢᠶᠢᠨᠶᠡᠬᠡᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ) is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government.

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Inner Mongolia University

Inner Mongolia University is a university in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, under the authority of the Inner Mongolia regional government.

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Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities

Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Öbür mongγol-un ündüsüten-ü yeke surγaγuli, 内蒙古民族大学, IMUN) is in Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, China, under the direct administration of the Chinese Government's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics

Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics (内蒙古财经大学) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Autonomous Region government.

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Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology

Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology (IMUST) (内蒙古科技大学) is a university in Inner Mongolia, China under the authority of the Inner Mongolia government and the education department of Chinese Education.

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Inner Mongolia University of Technology

Inner Mongolia University of Technology (IMUT)() is a university in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Autonomous Region government.

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Iron ore

Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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ISO 3166-2:CN

ISO 3166-2:CN is the entry for China in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g. provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.

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Jalaid Banner

Jalaid Banner, officially Jalaid Qi (Mongolian: Jalaid qosiɣu) Zhalaite Banner, Hinggan League is a banner under the jurisdiction of Hinggan League in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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Jarud Banner

Jarud Banner (Mongolian) is a banner of eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Jilin

Jilin, formerly romanized as Kirin is one of the three provinces of Northeast China.

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Jin Chinese

Jin is a group of Chinese dialects or languages spoken by roughly 63 million people in northern China.

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Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The Jin dynasty, officially known as the Great Jin, lasted from 1115 to 1234 as one of the last dynasties in Chinese history to predate the Mongol invasion of China.

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Jin dynasty (265–420)

The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.

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Jindandao incident

The Jindandao incident refers to a rebellion by a Chinese secret society called Jindandao, who rose in revolt in Inner Mongolia in November 1891 and massacred 150,000 Mongols before being suppressed by government troops in late December.

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Jining District

Jining District (Mongolian script) is an urban district that serves as the administrative seat of Ulanqab, a region governed as a prefecture-level city in the mid-western part of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center

Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) is a Chinese space vehicle launch facility (spaceport) located in the Gobi desert, Inner Mongolia.

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Josutu League

The Josutu League (ǰosutu-yin čiɣulɣan) was the southernmost league of Inner Mongolia during Qing rule.

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Juha Janhunen

Juha Janhunen (born 12 February 1952 in Pori) is a Finnish linguist whose wide interests include Uralic and Mongolic languages.

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Jurchen people

The Jurchen (Manchu: Jušen; 女真, Nǚzhēn), also known by many variant names, were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until around 1630, at which point they were reformed and combined with their neighbors as the Manchu.

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Kangbashi District

Kangbashi District, also known by its Mongolian name Hia Bagx District or Hia'bagx District, is an urban district of the prefecture-level city of Ordos in Inner Mongolia, China.

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Kangxi Emperor

The Kangxi Emperor (康熙; 4 May 165420 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.

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Köppen climate classification

The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems.

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Khagan

Khagan or Qaghan (Old Turkic: kaɣan; хаан, khaan) is a title of imperial rank in the Turkic and Mongolian languages equal to the status of emperor and someone who rules a khaganate (empire).

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Khalkha Mongols

The Khalkha (Халх, Halh) is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since the 15th century.

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Khamnigan Mongol

Khamnigan is a Mongolic language spoken east of Lake Baikal.

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Khitan people

The Khitan people were a nomadic people from Northeast Asia who, from the 4th century, inhabited an area corresponding to parts of modern Mongolia, Northeast China and the Russian Far East.

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Khongirad

The Khongirad (Mongolian: Хонгирад/Khonghirad), also known as QongiratCentral Asia: Foundations of Change, by R. D. McChesney, pub Darwin Press, 1996, p202.

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Khorchin Mongolian

The Khorchin (Mongolian Qorčin, Chinese 科尔沁 Kē'ěrqìn) dialect is a variety of Mongolian spoken in the east of Inner Mongolia, namely in Hinggan League, in the north, north-east and east of Hinggan and in all but the south of the Tongliao region.

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Khorchin Mongols

The Khorchin (Хорчин, Horçin; Qorčin) is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China.

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Khovd Province

Khovd (Ховд) is one of the 21 aimags (provinces) of Mongolia, located in the west of the country.

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King Wuling of Zhao

King Wuling of Zhao (Traditional Chinese: 趙武靈王, Simplified Chinese: 赵武灵王) (died 295 BCE, reigned 325 BCE – 299 BCE) reigned in the State of Zhao during the Warring States period of Chinese history.

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Koreans in China

The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups of South and North Korean expatriates, with a total of roughly 2.3 million people, making it the largest ethnic Korean population living outside the Korean Peninsula.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).

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Lake Baikal

Lake Baikal (p; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur; Байгал нуур, Baigal nuur, etymologically meaning, in Mongolian, "the Nature Lake") is a rift lake in Russia, located in southern Siberia, between Irkutsk Oblast to the northwest and the Buryat Republic to the southeast.

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Leagues of China

A league (ayimaγ Aimag; historically, čiγulγan Qûûlgan) is an administrative unit of the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia in the People's Republic of China.

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Li Jiheng

Li Jiheng (born January 1957) is a Chinese politician and serving as the Communist Party Secretary of Inner Mongolia.

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Liao dynasty

The Liao dynasty (Khitan: Mos Jælud), also known as the Liao Empire, officially the Great Liao, or the Khitan (Qidan) State (Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur), was an empire in East Asia that ruled from 907 to 1125 over present-day Mongolia and portions of the Russian Far East, northern China, and northeastern Korea.

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Liaobei

Liaobei (Wade-Giles: Liaopei) also known as Liaopeh was a province in Manchuria, in what is now the People's Republic of China.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country.

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Ligdan Khan

Ligdan Khutugtu Khan (from Mongolian "Ligden Khutugt Khan"; Mongolian Cyrillic: Лигдэн Хутугт хаан; or from Chinese, Lindan Han; Chinese: 林丹汗; 1588–1634) was the last khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia as well as the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans who ruled the Mongols from Chakhar.

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Linhe District

Linhe (Mongolian: Linhė toɣoriɣ) is a District with 550,000 inhabitants under the administration of Baynnur, Inner Mongolia, situated at the northern loop of the Yellow River, south of the Lang Shan range (south-east of the Huhebashige).

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List of administrative divisions of Greater China by Human Development Index

This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC), including all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, in order of their Human Development Index (HDI), alongside Taiwan.

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List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, is made up of prefecture-level divisions, which are divided into county-level divisions, which are then divided into township-level divisions.

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List of Chinese administrative divisions by area

This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China (PRC), including all provinces (except the claimed Taiwan Province), autonomous regions, special administrative regions, and municipalities, in order of their total land area as reported by the national or provincial-level government.

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List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP

The article lists China's province-level divisions by gross domestic product (GDP).

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List of Chinese administrative divisions by GDP per capita

The article lists China's first-level administrative divisions by their gross domestic product per capita in main years.

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List of Chinese administrative divisions by population

This is a list of the first-level administrative divisions of China in order of their total resident populations.

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List of ethnic groups in China and Taiwan

Multiple ethnic groups populate China, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China (China) and the Republic of China (Taiwan).

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List of Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Inner Mongolia

This list is of Major Sites Protected for their Historical and Cultural Value at the National Level in the autonomous region of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Liu Yuan (Han Zhao)

Liu Yuan (劉淵) (died 310), courtesy name Yuanhai (元海), formally Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao) (漢(趙)光文帝) was the founding emperor of the Xiongnu state Han Zhao in 308.

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Loess

Loess (from German Löss) is a clastic, predominantly silt-sized sediment that is formed by the accumulation of wind-blown dust.

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Ma Hongbin

Ma Hongbin (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺡْﻮ بٍ, September 14, 1884 – October 21, 1960), was a prominent Chinese Muslim warlord active mainly during the Republican era, and was part of the Ma clique.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Manchu language

Manchu (Manchu: manju gisun) is a critically endangered Tungusic language spoken in Manchuria; it was the native language of the Manchus and one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1636–1911) of China.

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Manchu people

The Manchu are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

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Manchukuo

Manchukuo was a puppet state of the Empire of Japan in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia from 1932 until 1945.

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Manchuria

Manchuria is a name first used in the 17th century by Chinese people to refer to a large geographic region in Northeast Asia.

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Mandarin Chinese

Mandarin is a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.

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Manzhouli

Manzhouli (Маньчжу́рия; Манжуур хот) is a sub-prefecture-level city located in Hulunbuir prefecture-level city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (PRC).

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Mausoleum of Genghis Khan

The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, is a temple dedicated to Genghis Khan, where he is worshipped as ancestor, dynastic founder, and deity.

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Meng Tian

Meng Tian (died 210 BC) was a general of the Qin dynasty who distinguished himself in campaigns against the Xiongnu and in the construction of the Great Wall of China.

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Mengjiang

Mengjiang (Mengkiang;; Hepburn: Mōkyō), also known in English as Mongol Border Land or the Mongol United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, existing initially as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan before being under nominal Chinese sovereignty of the Nanjing Nationalist Government from 1940 (which itself was a puppet state).

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Mengniu Dairy

China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited is a manufacturing and distribution company of dairy products and ice cream in the People's Republic of China.

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Mesozoic

The Mesozoic Era is an interval of geological time from about.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Ministry of Civil Affairs

The Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) is a ministry in the State Council of the People's Republic of China, responsible for social and administrative affairs.

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Minzu University of China

Minzu University of China (MUC) is a national-level university in Haidian District, Beijing, China designated for ethnic minorities in China.

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Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire (Mongolian: Mongolyn Ezent Güren; Mongolian Cyrillic: Монголын эзэнт гүрэн;; also Орда ("Horde") in Russian chronicles) existed during the 13th and 14th centuries and was the largest contiguous land empire in history.

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Mongolia

Mongolia (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia.

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Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian steppe, including the Outer Mongolian 4 aimags and Inner Mongolian 6 leagues from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty.

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Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet

The Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet (Mongolian: Монгол Кирилл үсэг, Mongol Kirill üseg or Кирилл цагаан толгой, Kirill tsagaan tolgoi) is the writing system used for the standard dialect of the Mongolian language in the modern state of Mongolia.

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Mongolian language

The Mongolian language (in Mongolian script: Moŋɣol kele; in Mongolian Cyrillic: монгол хэл, mongol khel.) is the official language of Mongolia and both the most widely-spoken and best-known member of the Mongolic language family.

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Mongolian Plateau

The Mongolian Plateau is the part of the Central Asian Plateau lying between 37°46′-53°08′N and 87°40′-122°15′E and having an area of approximately.

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Mongolian script

The classical or traditional Mongolian script (in Mongolian script: Mongγol bičig; in Mongolian Cyrillic: Монгол бичиг Mongol bichig), also known as Hudum Mongol bichig, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language, and was the most successful until the introduction of Cyrillic in 1946.

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Mongolian shamanism

Mongolian shamanism, more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history.

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Mongolic languages

The Mongolic languages are a group of languages spoken in East-Central Asia, mostly in Mongolia and surrounding areas plus in Kalmykia.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mongols in China

Chinese Mongols are citizens of the People's Republic of China who are ethnic Mongols.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Mural

A mural is any piece of artwork painted or applied directly on a wall, ceiling or other permanent surface.

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Myron Weiner

Myron Weiner (11 March 1931 – 3 June 1999) was an American political scientist and renowned scholar on India, South Asia, internal and international migration, ethnic conflict, child labor, democratization, political demography, and the politics and policies of developing countries.

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National Bureau of Statistics of China

The National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China or NBS is an agency directly under the State Council of the People's Republic of China charged with the collection and publication of statistics related to the economy, population and society of the People's Republic of China at the national and local levels.

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New Barag Left Banner

New Barag Left Banner (Mongolian: Sin-e Barɣu Jegün qosiɣu) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Mongolia to the south.

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New Barag Right Banner

New Barag Right Banner (Mongolian: Sin-e Barɣu Baraɣun qosiɣu) is a banner of northern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Mongolia in all directions but the east.

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Ningxia

Ningxia (pronounced), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest part of the country.

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Niobium

Niobium, formerly known as columbium, is a chemical element with symbol Nb (formerly Cb) and atomic number 41.

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North China

North China (literally "China's north") is a geographical region of China, lying North of the Qinling Huaihe Line.

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North China Craton

The North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex record of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes.

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Northeast China

Northeast China or Dongbei is a geographical region of China.

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Northeastern Mandarin

Northeastern Mandarin (or 东北官话/東北官話 Dōngběiguānhuà "Northeast Mandarin") is the subgroup of Mandarin varieties spoken in Northeast China with the exception of the Liaodong Peninsula.

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Northern Yuan dynasty

The Northern Yuan dynasty, was a Mongol régime based in the Mongolian homeland.

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Northwest China

Northwestern China includes the autonomous regions of Xinjiang and Ningxia and the provinces of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai.

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Nurhaci

Nurhaci (alternatively Nurhachi; 21 February 1559 – 30 September 1626) was a Jurchen chieftain of Jianzhou, a vassal of Ming, who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria.

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Oirat language

Oirat (Clear script: Oirad kelen; Kalmyk: Өөрд, Őrd; Khalkha-Mongolian: Ойрад, Oirad) belongs to the group of Mongolic languages.

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Oirats

Oirats (Oirad or Ойрд, Oird; Өөрд; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia.

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Old Barag Banner

Old Barag Banner (Mongolian: Қаучин Бару қосиу Qaɣučin Barɣu qosiɣu) is a banner of northeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Ongud

The Ongud, (Mongolian: Онгуд, Онход) were Mongols active in Mongolia around the time of Genghis Khan (1162–1227).

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Ordos City

Ordos (Ordos qota) is one of the twelve major subdivisions of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Ordos Mongolian

Ordos Mongolian (also Urdus; Mongolian; Chinese 鄂尔多斯 È'ěrduōsī) is a variety of Central Mongolic spoken in the Ordos City region in Inner Mongolia and historically by Ordos Mongols.

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Oroqen language

Oroqen (also known as Orochon, Oronchon, Olunchun, Elunchun, Ulunchun) is a Northern Tungusic language spoken in the People's Republic of China.

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Oroqen people

The Oroqen people (Mongolian:; also spelt Orochen or Orochon) are an ethnic group in northern China.

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Outer Mongolia

Outer Mongolia (Mongolian script: or ， Mongolian Cyrillic: or, romanization: Gadaad Mongol or Alr Mongol)Huhbator Borjigin.

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Ovoo

Ovoo, oboo, or obo (овоо, Traditional Mongol:, "heap"; Chinese: 敖包 áobāo, lit. "magnificent bundle ") are sacred stone heaps used as altars or shrines in Mongolian folk religious practice and in the religion of other Mongolic peoples.

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Party Committee Secretary

In modern Chinese politics, a Party Committee Secretary, commonly translated as Party Secretary, party chief, or party boss, is the leader of the Communist Party of China (CPC) organization in a province, city, or other administrative region.

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People's Liberation Army

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Permafrost

In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.

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Pine

A pine is any conifer in the genus Pinus,, of the family Pinaceae.

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Pinyin

Hanyu Pinyin Romanization, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan.

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Precambrian

The Precambrian (or Pre-Cambrian, sometimes abbreviated pЄ, or Cryptozoic) is the earliest part of Earth's history, set before the current Phanerozoic Eon.

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Prefecture-level city

A prefectural-level municipality, prefectural-level city or prefectural city; formerly known as province-controlled city from 1949 to 1983, is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China (PRC), ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure.

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Prefectures of the People's Republic of China

Prefectures, formally a kind of prefecture-level divisions as a term in the context of China, are used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China.

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Primate city

A primate city (Latin: "prime, first rank") is the largest city in its country or region, disproportionately larger than any others in the urban hierarchy.

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Proto-Mongols

The proto-Mongols emerged from an area that had been inhabited by humans and predecessor hominin species as far back as the Stone Age over 800,000 years ago.

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Province

A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state.

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Provinces of China

Provincial-level administrative divisions or first-level administrative divisions, are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions.

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Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County

Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County, or simply Qian Gorlos County, Front Gorlos County, commonly abbreviated as Qianguo County, is a county of northwestern Jilin province, China.

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Qin Shi Huang

Qin Shi Huang (18 February 25910 September 210) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China.

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Qin's campaign against the Xiongnu

In 215 BC, Qin Shi Huang ordered General Meng Tian to set out against the Xiongnu tribes in the Ordos region, and establish a frontier region at the loop of the Yellow River.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Quercus mongolica

Quercus mongolica, commonly known as Mongolian oak, is a species of oak native to Japan, southern Kuriles, Sakhalin, Manchuria, central and northern China, Korea, eastern Mongolia, and eastern Siberia.

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Rare-earth element

A rare-earth element (REE) or rare-earth metal (REM), as defined by IUPAC, is one of a set of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the fifteen lanthanides, as well as scandium and yttrium.

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Rehe Province

Rehe (ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ), also known as Jehol, is a former Chinese special administrative region and province.

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Reindeer

The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia and North America.

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Renminbi

The renminbi (Ab.: RMB;; sign: 元; code: CNY) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China.

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Republic of China (1912–1949)

The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.

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Residence of Gurun Princess Kejing

The Residence of Gurun Princess Kejing is a Qing dynasty courtyard house in Inner Mongolia, China.

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Revolt of the Three Feudatories

The Revolt of the Three Feudatories was a rebellion lasting from 1673 to 1681 in the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor (r. 1661–1722).

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Sand

Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.

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Sükhbaatar Province

Sükhbaatar (Сүхбаатар) is one of the 21 aimags of Mongolia, located in the east of the country.

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Semi-arid climate

A semi-arid climate or steppe climate is the climate of a region that receives precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate.

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Shaanxi

Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.

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Shangdu

Shangdu, also known as Xanadu (Mongolian: Šandu), was the capital of Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty in China, before he decided to move his throne to the Jin dynasty capital of Zhōngdū, which he renamed Khanbaliq, present-day Beijing.

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Shanxi

Shanxi (postal: Shansi) is a province of China, located in the North China region.

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Sheep

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.

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Shenyang

Shenyang, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population.

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Shenzhou 6

Shenzhou 6 (Shénzhōu lìuhào) was the second human spaceflight of the Chinese space program, launched on October 12, 2005 on a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element with symbol Ag (from the Latin argentum, derived from the Proto-Indo-European ''h₂erǵ'': "shiny" or "white") and atomic number 47.

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Simplified Chinese characters

Simplified Chinese characters are standardized Chinese characters prescribed in the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters for use in mainland China.

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Sixteen Kingdoms

The Sixteen Kingdoms, less commonly the Sixteen States, was a chaotic period in Chinese history from 304 CE to 439 CE when the political order of northern China fractured into a series of short-lived sovereign states, most of which were founded by the "Five Barbarians" who had settled in northern China during the preceding centuries and participated in the overthrow of the Western Jin dynasty in the early 4th century.

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Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China

The Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, also referred to as the 2010 Chinese Census, was conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of November 1, 2010.

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Siziwang Banner

Dorbod (Siziwang) Banner (Mongolian: Dörbed qosiɣu, Дөрвөд хошуу, Dörwöd hoşú) is a banner (county equivalent) in the Ulanqab region of Inner Mongolia, China, which is located about north of Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia.

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Slab Grave culture

The Slab Grave culture is a archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Mongols.

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Songshan District, Chifeng

Songshan District, Chifeng (Mongolian: Сүн шан тоори Süŋ šan toɣoriɣ) is a district of the city of Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Sonid Left Banner

Sonid Left Banner (Mongolian: Söned Jegün qosiɣu)) is a banner of north-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League. Sunud Mongols live here.

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Southern Mongolian

Southern Mongolian or Inner Mongolian (ᠥᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠠᠯᠭᠣ Öbör mongγol ayalγu) is a proposed major dialect group within the taxonomy of the Mongolian language.

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Sovereign state

A sovereign state is, in international law, a nonphysical juridical entity that is represented by one centralized government that has sovereignty over a geographic area.

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Spruce

A spruce is a tree of the genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the Earth.

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Statue

A statue is a sculpture, representing one or more people or animals (including abstract concepts allegorically represented as people or animals), free-standing (as opposed to a relief) and normally full-length (as opposed to a bust) and at least close to life-size, or larger.

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Subarctic climate

The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, subalpine climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.

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Subdistrict

Subdistrict is a low-level administrative division of a district.

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Sui dynasty

The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.

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Suiyuan

Suiyuan was a historical province of China.

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Sum (country subdivision)

Sum, sumu, sumon, and somon (Plural: sumd) are a type of administrative district used in China, Mongolia, and Russia.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Taiwanese Mandarin

Taiwanese Mandarin is a dialect of Chinese and the de facto official language of Taiwan.

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Tang dynasty

The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.

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Tangut people

The Tangut first appeared as a tribal union living under Tuyuhun authority and moved to Northwest China sometime before the 10th century to found the Western Xia or Tangut Empire (1038–1227).

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Tannu Uriankhai

Tannu Uriankhai (Таңды Урянхай, Tangdy Uryankhai,; Тагна Урианхай, Tagna Urianhai; Урянхайский край, ' Urjanchajskij kraj) is a historic region of the Mongol Empire and, later, the Qing dynasty.

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Tengri

Tengri (𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃; Тангра; Modern Turkish: Tanrı; Proto-Turkic *teŋri / *taŋrɨ; Mongolian script:, Tngri; Modern Mongolian: Тэнгэр, Tenger), is one of the names for the primary chief deity used by the early Turkic (Xiongnu, Hunnic, Bulgar) and Mongolic (Xianbei) peoples.

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Tian

Tiān (天) is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.

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Tibetan people

The Tibetan people are an ethnic group native to Tibet.

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Tongliao

Tongliao (style Tüŋliyou qota, Тонляо хот) is a prefecture-level city in eastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Towns of the People's Republic of China

When referring to political divisions of China, town is the standard English translation of the Chinese 镇 (traditional: 鎮). The Constitution of the People’s Republic of China currently classifies towns as third-level administrative units, along with townships and ethnic minority townships (The State Council, 2014).

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Townships of the People's Republic of China

Townships, formally township-level divisions, are the basic level (fourth-level administrative units) of political divisions in China.

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Traditional Chinese characters

Traditional Chinese characters (Pinyin) are Chinese characters in any character set that does not contain newly created characters or character substitutions performed after 1946.

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Tumu Crisis

The Tumu Crisis (Тумугийн тулалдаан); also called the Crisis of Tumu Fortress or Battle of Tumu, was a frontier conflict between the Oirat tribes of Mongols and the Chinese Ming dynasty which led to the capture of the Zhengtong Emperor on September 1, 1449, and the defeat of an army of 500,000 men by a much smaller force.

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Tungusic languages

The Tungusic languages (also known as Manchu-Tungus, Tungus) form a language family spoken in Eastern Siberia and northeast China by Tungusic peoples.

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Tungusic peoples

Tungusic peoples are the peoples who speak Tungusic languages.

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Tuva

Tuva (Тува́) or Tyva (Тыва), officially the Tyva Republic (p; Тыва Республика, Tyva Respublika), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).

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Ulanhot

Ulanhot (ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠣᠲᠠ; Cyrillic: Улаан хот; Latin transliteration: Ulaγan qota), formerly known as Wangin Süm, alternatively Wang-un Süme, Ulayanqota (Red City) in Classical Mongolian, and Wangyehmiao or Wangyemiao in Chinese prior to 1947, is a county-level city and the administrative center of Hinggan League in the East of Inner Mongolia autonomous region.

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Ulanhu

Ulanhu or Ulanfu (23 December 1906 – 8 December 1988), also known by his Chinese name Yun Ze, was the founding Chairman of China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, serving from 1947 to 1966.

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Ulanqab

Ulanqab or Ulan Chab (style, Ulaɣančab qota; Улаанцав хот, Ulāncaw hot) is a region administered as a prefecture-level city in south-central Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Uliastai

Uliastai (Улиастай), also spelled Uliyasutai or Oulia-Sontai, and sometimes known as Javkhlant, is a city in Mongolia located in the western part of the country and from the capital Ulaanbaatar.

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Ulmus laciniata

Ulmus laciniata (Trautv.) Mayr, known variously as the Manchurian, cut-leaf, or lobed elm, is a deciduous tree native to the humid ravine forests of Japan, Korea, northern China, eastern Siberia and Sakhalin, growing alongside Cerciphyllum japonicum, Aesculus turbinata, and Pterocarya rhoifolia,Sasaki, Y. (1979) Der Verband Pterocaryon rhoifoliae in Japan.

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United Nations Development Programme

The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the United Nations' global development network.

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Uyghurs

The Uyghurs or Uygurs (as the standard romanisation in Chinese GB 3304-1991) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in East and Central Asia.

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Wang Jun (politician)

Wang Jun (born March 26, 1952) is a Chinese politician and former senior regional official.

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Wang Zhaojun

Wang Qiang (Wang Chiang; 王牆, also 王檣 and 王嬙), more commonly known by her stylistic name Wang Zhaojun (Wang Chao-chun; 王昭君) was known as one of the Four Beauties of ancient China.

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Warring States period

The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history of warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation, following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states, which ultimately led to the Qin state's victory in 221 BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty.

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Wei Qing

Wei Qing (died 106 BC), courtesy name Zhongqing, born Zheng Qing in Linfen, Shanxi, was a military general and consort kin of the Western Han dynasty whose campaigns against the Xiongnu earned him great acclaim.

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West Ujimqin Banner

West Ujimqin Banner (Mongolian: Baraɣun Ujumučin qosiɣu) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Western world

The Western world refers to various nations depending on the context, most often including at least part of Europe and the Americas.

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Western Xia

The Western Xia, also known as the Xi Xia Empire, to the Mongols as the Tangut Empire and to the Tangut people themselves and to the Tibetans as Mi-nyak,Stein (1972), pp.

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Wheat

Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.

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Wind power in China

China is the world leader in wind power generation, with the largest installed capacity of any nation and continued rapid growth in new wind facilities.

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Winemaking

Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with the selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.

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Winter storms of 2009–10 in East Asia

The East Asian snowstorms of 2009–2010 were heavy winter storms, including blizzards, ice storms, and other winter events, that affected East Asia from 8 May 2009 to 28 February 2010.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Wuhai

Wuhai (style, |translit.

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Xianbei

The Xianbei were proto-Mongols residing in what became today's eastern Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Northeast China.

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Xianghuang Banner

Xianghuang (Hobot Xar) Banner, also known as Bordered Yellow Banner (Mongolian: Хөвөөт Шар хошуу Köbegetü Sir-a qosiɣu) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Xiangshawan

Xiangshawan, also known as and by other names, is a AAAAA-rated tourist area in the Dalad Banner of Ordos Prefecture in Inner Mongolia, China.

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Xilingol League

Xilingol, Xilin Gol, Shiliin Gol or Xilinguole Aimag/League (锡林郭勒盟, ᠰᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠣᠣᠯ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ|style.

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Xilinhot

Xilinhot (Шилийн хот,, Sili-yin hota) is a county-level city which serves as the seat of government for the Xilin Gol league in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China.

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Xilitu Zhao

The Xilitu Zhao (when written in Chinese-character Buddhist syllabary 席力圖召), also known as Shiretu Juu or by formal Chinese name Yanshou Temple (延壽寺) is an ancient Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelugpa sect in Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Xincheng District, Hohhot

Xincheng District (Mongolian script) is a district of Hohhot, the capital of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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Xing'an Province

Hsingan (or Xing'an) refers to a former province, which once occupied western Heilongjiang and part of northwest Jilin provinces of China.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.

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Xiongnu

The Xiongnu were a confederation of nomadic peoples who, according to ancient Chinese sources, inhabited the eastern Asian Steppe from the 3rd century BC to the late 1st century AD.

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Yellow River

The Yellow River or Huang He is the second longest river in Asia, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth longest river system in the world at the estimated length of.

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Yili Group

Yili Group (Chinese: 团, p Yīlì Jítuán; full name: Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited) is a state-owned company of dairy industry in China.

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Yingchang

Yingchang was one of the important cities in the Yuan dynasty.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Zabaykalsky Krai

Zabaykalsky Krai (p, lit. Transbaikal krai) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that was created on March 1, 2008 as a result of a merger of Chita Oblast and Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug, after a referendum held on the issue on March 11, 2007.

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Zhangbei, Hebei

Zhangbei is a town in and the seat of government of Zhangbei County, Hebei, China.

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Zhangjiakou

Zhangjiakou also known by several other names, is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hebei province in Northern China, bordering Beijing to the southeast, Inner Mongolia to the north and west, and Shanxi to the southwest.

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Zhangjiakou–Hohhot dialect

Zhangjiakou–Hohhot is a dialect of Jin, one of the principal varieties of Chinese.

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Zhao (state)

Zhao was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China.

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Zhaojun Tomb

The Zhaojun Tomb, located by the Da Hi River nine kilometers south of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, is said to be the resting place of Wang Zhaojun, a commoner woman from the Chinese Han Empire who married a Xiongnu Chanyu, nomadic chieftain from the steppes.

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Zhenglan Banner

Zhenglan (Xulun Hoh) Banner, also known as Plain Blue Banner or Shuluun Huh Banner, (Mongolian: Siluɣun Köke qosiɣu, Khalkha: Шулуун хөх хошуу, Shuluun khökh khoshuu) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Zhili

Zhili, formerly romanized as Chihli, was a northern province of China from the 14th-century Ming Dynasty until the province was dissolved in 1928 during the Warlord Era.

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Zhongshan (state)

Zhongshan was a small state that existed during the Warring States period, which managed to survive for almost 120 years despite its small size.

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Zhou dynasty

The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.

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Zirconium

Zirconium is a chemical element with symbol Zr and atomic number 40.

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2011 Inner Mongolia unrest

On the night of May 10, 2011 an ethnic Mongol herdsman was killed by a coal truck driver near Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Redirects here:

CN-15, CN-NM, Climate of Inner Mongolia, Demographics of Inner Mongolia, Eastern Inner Mongolia, IMAR, Inner Mongolia (China), Inner Mongolia A.R., Inner Mongolia AR, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia, China, Inner Mongolian, Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolian culture, Inner Mongols, Inner mongolia, Inner-Mongolia, Innermongolia, Mongolian Autonomous Region, NMAR, Nei Menggu, Nei Monggol, Nei Mongol, Nei Mongol A.R., Nei Mongol AR, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, Nei Mongol Autonomous Region, China, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Nei Mongol, China, Neimenggu, Nèiměnggǔ, Obuer Mongghul, Obur Mongghul, Ovoer Mongolyn Ooertoeoe Zasakh Oron, Ovor Mongolyn Oortoo Zasakh Oron, South Mongolia, Southern Mongolia, Southern Mongolia (historical region), Southern Mongolia (region), Western Inner Mongolia, Öbür Mongghul, Övör Mongol, Övör Mongolyn Öörtöö Zasakh Oron, Өвөр Монгол, Өвөр Монголын Өөртөө Засах Орон, ᠦᠪᠦᠷ, 內蒙, 內蒙古, 內蒙古自治區, 内蒙, 内蒙古, 内蒙古自治区, 内蒙古自治區.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner_Mongolia

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