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137 relations: Actinide, Activation product, Alloy, Alvin M. Weinberg, Argonne National Laboratory, Bill Clinton, BN-800 reactor, Boosted fission weapon, Breeder reactor, Burnup, Capital cost, Carol Moseley Braun, Chain reaction, Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project, Convection, David J. C. MacKay, Decay heat, Deep geological repository, Depleted uranium, Dick Durbin, Doppler broadening, Dry cask storage, Electronvolt, Electrowinning, Enriched uranium, Experimental Breeder Reactor II, Fast-neutron reactor, Fat Man, Fertile material, Financial risk, Fissile material, Gamma ray, Gas-cooled fast reactor, GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy, Generation II reactor, Generation III reactor, Generation IV reactor, Gerard K. O'Neill, Granite, Greenhouse gas, Groundwater, Half-life, Hazel R. O'Leary, Heat exchanger, Helium, High-level waste, Idaho, Idaho Falls, Idaho, Idaho National Laboratory, In situ, ..., Integral fast reactor, Iodine-129, Isotopes of caesium, Isotopes of palladium, Isotopes of plutonium, Isotopes of samarium, John Kerry, La Hague, Leaching (chemistry), Lead, Lead-cooled fast reactor, Life-cycle assessment, Light-water reactor, Liquid metal cooled reactor, Long-lived fission product, Loss-of-coolant accident, Magnox, Median, Minor actinide, Molten salt reactor, Monju Nuclear Power Plant, MOX fuel, Natural uranium, Negative feedback, Neutron moderator, Neutron poison, Neutron temperature, Nuclear fission product, Nuclear fuel, Nuclear fuel cycle, Nuclear power, Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy, Nuclear proliferation, Nuclear reactor, Nuclear reactor coolant, Nuclear reprocessing, Nuclear transmutation, Nuclear weapon, Nuclear weapon design, Nuclide, Office of Technology Assessment, Passive nuclear safety, Paul Simon (politician), Plutonium, Plutonium-238, Plutonium-239, Plutonium-240, Plutonium-242, Pressurized water reactor, PRISM (reactor), PUREX, Pyroprocessing, Radioactive waste, Reactor-grade plutonium, Renewable energy, Reprocessed uranium, Scientific American, Scram, Sievert, Small modular reactor, Sodium, Sodium-cooled fast reactor, Spent nuclear fuel, Spontaneous fission, Synroc, Technetium-99, Ted Taylor (physicist), Thermal-neutron reactor, Thorium, Transuranic waste, Transuranium element, Traveling wave reactor, United States Congress, United States Department of Energy, United States Secretary of Energy, University of Chicago, Uranium, Uranium market, Uranium mining, Uranium oxide, Uranium-238, Void coefficient, Watt, Xenon, Yale University, Yucca Mountain, 2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future. Expand index (87 more) »
Actinide
The actinide or actinoid (IUPAC nomenclature) series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.
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Activation product
Activation products are materials made radioactive by neutron activation.
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Alloy
An alloy is a combination of metals or of a metal and another element.
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Alvin M. Weinberg
Alvin Martin Weinberg (April 20, 1915 – October 18, 2006) was an American nuclear physicist who was the administrator at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) during and after the Manhattan Project.
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Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory is a science and engineering research national laboratory operated by the University of Chicago Argonne LLC for the United States Department of Energy located near Lemont, Illinois, outside Chicago.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
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BN-800 reactor
The BN-800 reactor is a sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor, built at the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station, in Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia.
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Boosted fission weapon
A boosted fission weapon usually refers to a type of nuclear bomb that uses a small amount of fusion fuel to increase the rate, and thus yield, of a fission reaction.
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Breeder reactor
A breeder reactor is a nuclear reactor that generates more fissile material than it consumes.
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Burnup
In nuclear power technology, burnup (also known as fuel utilization) is a measure of how much energy is extracted from a primary nuclear fuel source.
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Capital cost
Capital costs are fixed, one-time expenses incurred on the purchase of land, buildings, construction, and equipment used in the production of goods or in the rendering of services.
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Carol Moseley Braun
Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun (born August 16, 1947), is an American diplomat, politician and lawyer who represented Illinois in the United States Senate from 1993 to 1999.
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Chain reaction
A chain reaction is a sequence of reactions where a reactive product or by-product causes additional reactions to take place.
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Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project
The Clinch River Breeder Reactor Project (CRBRP) was a joint effort of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (and a successor agency, the U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA), and subsequently the U.S. Department of Energy) and the U.S. electric power industry to design and construct a sodium-cooled fast-neutron nuclear reactor.
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Convection
Convection is the heat transfer due to bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids, including molten rock (rheid).
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David J. C. MacKay
Sir David John Cameron MacKay (22 April 1967 – 14 April 2016) was a British physicist, mathematician, and academic.
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Decay heat
Decay heat is the heat released as a result of radioactive decay.
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Deep geological repository
A deep geological repository is a nuclear waste repository excavated deep within a stable geologic environment (typically below 300 m or 1000 feet).
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Depleted uranium
Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium.
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Dick Durbin
Richard Joseph Durbin (born November 21, 1944) is an American politician serving as the senior United States Senator from Illinois since 1997.
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Doppler broadening
In atomic physics, Doppler broadening is the broadening of spectral lines due to the Doppler effect caused by a distribution of velocities of atoms or molecules.
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Dry cask storage
Dry cask storage is a method of storing high-level radioactive waste, such as spent nuclear fuel that has already been cooled in the spent fuel pool for at least one year and often as much as ten years.
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Electronvolt
In physics, the electronvolt (symbol eV, also written electron-volt and electron volt) is a unit of energy equal to approximately joules (symbol J).
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Electrowinning
Electrowinning, also called electroextraction, is the electrodeposition of metals from their ores that have been put in solution via a process commonly referred to as leaching.
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Enriched uranium
Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 has been increased through the process of isotope separation.
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Experimental Breeder Reactor II
Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) is a reactor designed, built and operated by Argonne National Laboratory in Idaho.
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Fast-neutron reactor
A fast-neutron reactor or simply a fast reactor is a category of nuclear reactor in which the fission chain reaction is sustained by fast neutrons, as opposed to thermal neutrons used in thermal-neutron reactors.
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Fat Man
"Fat Man" was the codename for the atomic bomb that was detonated over the Japanese city of Nagasaki by the United States on 9 August 1945.
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Fertile material
Fertile material is a material that, although not itself fissionable by thermal neutrons, can be converted into a fissile material by neutron absorption and subsequent nuclei conversions.
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Financial risk
Financial risk is any of various types of risk associated with financing, including financial transactions that include company loans in risk of default.
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Fissile material
In nuclear engineering, fissile material is material capable of sustaining a nuclear fission chain reaction.
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Gamma ray
A gamma ray or gamma radiation (symbol γ or \gamma), is penetrating electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.
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Gas-cooled fast reactor
The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) system is a nuclear reactor design which is currently in development.
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GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy
GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH) is a provider of advanced reactors and nuclear services.
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Generation II reactor
A generation II reactor is a design classification for a nuclear reactor, and refers to the class of commercial reactors built up to the end of the 1990s.
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Generation III reactor
A Generation III reactor is a development of Generation II nuclear reactor designs incorporating evolutionary improvements in design developed during the lifetime of the Generation II reactor designs.
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Generation IV reactor
Generation IV reactors (Gen IV) are a set of nuclear reactor designs currently being researched for commercial applications by the Generation IV International Forum, with Technology readiness levels varying between the level requiring a demonstration, to economical competitive implementation.
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Gerard K. O'Neill
Gerard Kitchen O'Neill (February 6, 1927 – April 27, 1992) was an American physicist and space activist.
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Granite
Granite is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture.
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Greenhouse gas
A greenhouse gas is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiant energy within the thermal infrared range.
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Groundwater
Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in soil pore spaces and in the fractures of rock formations.
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Half-life
Half-life (symbol t1⁄2) is the time required for a quantity to reduce to half its initial value.
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Hazel R. O'Leary
Hazel Reid O'Leary (born May 17, 1937) was the seventh United States Secretary of Energy, from 1993 to 1997, appointed by President Bill Clinton.
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Heat exchanger
A heat exchanger is a device used to transfer heat between two or more fluids.
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Helium
Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.
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High-level waste
High-level waste (HLW) is a type of nuclear waste created by the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel.
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the northwestern region of the United States.
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Idaho Falls, Idaho
Idaho Falls (often abbreviated as IF) is a city in and the county seat of Bonneville County, Idaho, United States, and is the largest city in Eastern Idaho.
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Idaho National Laboratory
Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is one of the national laboratories of the United States Department of Energy and is managed by the Battelle Energy Alliance.
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In situ
In situ (often not italicized in English) is a Latin phrase that translates literally to "on site" or "in position".
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Integral fast reactor
The integral fast reactor (IFR, originally advanced liquid-metal reactor) is a design for a nuclear reactor using fast neutrons and no neutron moderator (a "fast" reactor).
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Iodine-129
Iodine-129 (129I) is a long-lived radioisotope of iodine which occurs naturally, but also is of special interest in the monitoring and effects of man-made nuclear fission decay products, where it serves as both tracer and potential radiological contaminant.
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Isotopes of caesium
Caesium (55Cs; or cesium) has 40 known isotopes, making it, along with barium and mercury, the element with the most isotopes.
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Isotopes of palladium
Naturally occurring palladium (46Pd) is composed of six stable isotopes, 102Pd, 104Pd, 105Pd, 106Pd, 108Pd, and 110Pd, although two of them are theoretically unstable.
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Isotopes of plutonium
Plutonium (94Pu) is an artificial element, except for trace quantities resulting from neutron capture by uranium, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given.
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Isotopes of samarium
Naturally occurring samarium (62Sm) is composed of five stable isotopes, 144Sm, 149Sm, 150Sm, 152Sm and 154Sm, and two extremely long-lived radioisotopes, 147Sm (half life: 1.06 y) and 148Sm (7 y), with 152Sm being the most abundant (26.75% natural abundance).
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John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is an American politician who served as the 68th United States Secretary of State from 2013 to 2017.
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La Hague
La Hague is a commune in the department of Manche, northwestern France.
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Leaching (chemistry)
Leaching is the process of extracting substances from a solid by dissolving them in a liquid, either naturally or through an industrial process.
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Lead
Lead is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
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Lead-cooled fast reactor
The lead-cooled fast reactor is a nuclear reactor design that features a fast neutron spectrum and molten lead or lead-bismuth eutectic coolant.
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Life-cycle assessment
Life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is a technique to assess environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling.
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Light-water reactor
The light-water reactor (LWR) is a type of thermal-neutron reactor that uses normal water, as opposed to heavy water, as both its coolant and neutron moderator – furthermore a solid form of fissile elements is used as fuel.
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Liquid metal cooled reactor
A liquid metal cooled nuclear reactor, liquid metal fast reactor or LMFR is an advanced type of nuclear reactor where the primary coolant is a liquid metal.
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Long-lived fission product
Long-lived fission products (LLFPs) are radioactive materials with a long half-life (more than 200,000 years) produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium.
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Loss-of-coolant accident
A loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) is a mode of failure for a nuclear reactor; if not managed effectively, the results of a LOCA could result in reactor core damage.
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Magnox
Magnox is a type of nuclear power/production reactor that was designed to run on natural uranium with graphite as the moderator and carbon dioxide gas as the heat exchange coolant.
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Median
The median is the value separating the higher half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution, from the lower half.
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Minor actinide
The minor actinides are the actinide elements in used nuclear fuel other than uranium and plutonium, which are termed the major actinides.
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Molten salt reactor
A molten salt reactor (MSR) is a class of generation IV nuclear fission reactor in which the primary nuclear reactor coolant, or even the fuel itself, is a molten salt mixture.
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Monju Nuclear Power Plant
is a Japanese sodium-cooled fast reactor, located in Tsuruga Nuclear Power Plant, Fukui Prefecture.
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MOX fuel
Mixed oxide fuel, commonly referred to as MOX fuel, is nuclear fuel that contains more than one oxide of fissile material, usually consisting of plutonium blended with natural uranium, reprocessed uranium, or depleted uranium.
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Natural uranium
Natural uranium (NU, Unat) refers to uranium with the same isotopic ratio as found in nature.
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Negative feedback
Negative feedback (or balancing feedback) occurs when some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a manner that tends to reduce the fluctuations in the output, whether caused by changes in the input or by other disturbances.
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Neutron moderator
In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium-235 or a similar fissile nuclide.
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Neutron poison
In applications such as nuclear reactors, a neutron poison (also called a neutron absorber or a nuclear poison) is a substance with a large neutron absorption cross-section.
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Neutron temperature
The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.
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Nuclear fission product
Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission.
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Nuclear fuel
Nuclear fuel is a substance that is used in nuclear power stations to produce heat to power turbines.
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Nuclear fuel cycle
The nuclear fuel cycle, also called nuclear fuel chain, is the progression of nuclear fuel through a series of differing stages.
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Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power plant.
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Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy
Although nuclear power is considered a form of low-carbon power, its legal inclusion with renewable energy power sources has been a subject of debate and classification.
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Nuclear proliferation
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT.
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Nuclear reactor
A nuclear reactor, formerly known as an atomic pile, is a device used to initiate and control a self-sustained nuclear chain reaction.
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Nuclear reactor coolant
A nuclear reactor coolant is a coolant in a nuclear reactor used to remove heat from the nuclear reactor core and transfer it to electrical generators and the environment.
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Nuclear reprocessing
Nuclear reprocessing technology was developed to chemically separate and recover fissionable plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.
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Nuclear transmutation
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Nuclear weapon design
Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate.
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Nuclide
A nuclide (from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is an atomic species characterized by the specific constitution of its nucleus, i.e., by its number of protons Z, its number of neutrons N, and its nuclear energy state.
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Office of Technology Assessment
The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) was an office of the United States Congress from 1972 to 1995.
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Passive nuclear safety
Passive nuclear safety is a safety feature of a nuclear reactor that does not require operator actions or electronic feedback in order to shut down safely in the event of a particular type of emergency (usually overheating resulting from a loss of coolant or loss of coolant flow).
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Paul Simon (politician)
Paul Martin Simon (November 29, 1928 – December 9, 2003) was an American author and politician from Illinois.
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Plutonium
Plutonium is a radioactive chemical element with symbol Pu and atomic number 94.
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Plutonium-238
Plutonium-238 (also known as Pu-238 or 238Pu) is a radioactive isotope of plutonium that has a half-life of 87.7 years.
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Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an isotope of plutonium.
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Plutonium-240
Plutonium-240 (/Pu-240) is an isotope of the actinide metal plutonium formed when plutonium-239 captures a neutron.
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Plutonium-242
Plutonium-242 is one of the isotopes of plutonium, the second longest-lived, with a half-life of 373,300 years.
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Pressurized water reactor
Pressurized water reactors (PWRs) constitute the large majority of the world's nuclear power plants (notable exceptions being the United Kingdom, Japan, and Canada) and are one of three types of light water reactor (LWR), the other types being boiling water reactors (BWRs) and supercritical water reactors (SCWRs).
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PRISM (reactor)
PRISM (Power Reactor Innovative Small Module, sometimes S-PRISM from SuperPRISM) is the name of a nuclear power plant design by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH).
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PUREX
PUREX is a chemical method used to purify fuel for nuclear reactors or nuclear weapons.
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Pyroprocessing
Pyroprocessing (from Greek Πυρος.
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Radioactive waste
Radioactive waste is waste that contains radioactive material.
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Reactor-grade plutonium
Reactor-grade plutonium/RGPu is the isotopic grade of plutonium that is found in spent nuclear fuel after the primary fuel, that of Uranium-235 that a nuclear power reactor uses, has (burnt up/burnup).
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Renewable energy
Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat.
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Reprocessed uranium
Reprocessed uranium (RepU) is the uranium recovered from nuclear reprocessing, as done commercially in France, the UK and Japan and by nuclear weapons states' military plutonium production programs.
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Scientific American
Scientific American (informally abbreviated SciAm) is an American popular science magazine.
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Scram
A scram or SCRAM is an emergency shutdown of a nuclear reactor.
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Sievert
The sievert (symbol: SvNot be confused with the sverdrup or the svedberg, two non-SI units that sometimes use the same symbol.) is a derived unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI) and is a measure of the health effect of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body.
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Small modular reactor
Small modular reactors (SMRs) are a type of nuclear fission reactor which are smaller than conventional reactors, and manufactured at a plant and brought to a site to be fully constructed.
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Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
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Sodium-cooled fast reactor
The sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is a Generation IV reactor project to design an advanced fast neutron reactor.
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Spent nuclear fuel
Spent nuclear fuel, occasionally called used nuclear fuel, is nuclear fuel that has been irradiated in a nuclear reactor (usually at a nuclear power plant).
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Spontaneous fission
Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay that is found only in very heavy chemical elements.
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Synroc
Synroc, a portmanteau of "synthetic rock", is a means of safely storing radioactive waste.
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Technetium-99
Technetium-99 (99Tc) is an isotope of technetium which decays with a half-life of 211,000 years to stable ruthenium-99, emitting beta particles, but no gamma rays.
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Ted Taylor (physicist)
Theodore Brewster Taylor (more commonly known as Ted Taylor) was an accomplished American theoretical physicist, specifically concerning nuclear energy.
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Thermal-neutron reactor
A thermal-neutron reactor is a nuclear reactor that uses slow or thermal neutrons.
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Thorium
Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with symbol Th and atomic number 90.
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Transuranic waste
Transuranic waste (TRU) is, as stated by U.S. regulations and independent of state or origin, waste which has been contaminated with alpha emitting transuranic radionuclides possessing half-lives greater than 20 years and in concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g (3.7 MBq/kg).
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Transuranium element
The transuranium elements (also known as transuranic elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 92 (the atomic number of uranium).
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Traveling wave reactor
A traveling-wave reactor (TWR) is a type of nuclear fission reactor that can convert fertile material into usable fuel through nuclear transmutation, in tandem with the burnup of fissile material.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States Department of Energy
The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is a cabinet-level department of the United States Government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material.
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United States Secretary of Energy
The United States Secretary of Energy is the head of the U.S. Department of Energy, a member of the Cabinet of the United States, and fourteenth in the presidential line of succession.
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University of Chicago
The University of Chicago (UChicago, U of C, or Chicago) is a private, non-profit research university in Chicago, Illinois.
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Uranium
Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92.
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Uranium market
The uranium market, like all commodity markets, has a history of volatility, moving not only with the standard forces of supply and demand, but also to whims of geopolitics.
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Uranium mining
Uranium mining is the process of extraction of uranium ore from the ground.
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Uranium oxide
Uranium oxide is an oxide of the element uranium.
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Uranium-238
Uranium-238 (238U or U-238) is the most common isotope of uranium found in nature, with a relative abundance of 99%.
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Void coefficient
In nuclear engineering, the void coefficient (more properly called “void coefficient of reactivity”) is a number that can be used to estimate how much the reactivity of a nuclear reactor changes as voids (typically steam bubbles) form in the reactor moderator or coolant.
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Watt
The watt (symbol: W) is a unit of power.
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Xenon
Xenon is a chemical element with symbol Xe and atomic number 54.
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Yale University
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Yucca Mountain
Yucca Mountain is a mountain in Nevada, near its border with California, approximately northwest of Las Vegas.
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2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future
Princeton physicist Gerard K. O'Neill's 1981 book, 2081: A Hopeful View of the Human Future was an attempt to predict the technological and social state of humanity 100 years in the future.
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Redirects here:
Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor, Advanced Liquid-Metal Reactor, Advanced liquid metal reactor, Integral Fast Reactor.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral_fast_reactor
