41 relations: Allergy, Amino acid, Autoimmunity, B cell, Chromosome 1, Crohn's disease, Cytokine, Exercise, Exon, Fc receptor, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Inflammation, Interferon gamma, Interleukin 10, Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit, Interleukin 2, Interleukin 3, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Knockout mouse, Lymphocyte, Macrophage, Mast cell, Melanoma, MicroRNA, Monocyte, Multiple sclerosis, Myelopoiesis, Myokine, NF-κB, NKG2D, P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, PEGylation, Pleiotropy, Programmed cell death protein 1, Protein dimer, Protein–protein interaction, Regulatory T cell, T cell, T helper cell, Toll-like receptor, Tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Allergy
Allergies, also known as allergic diseases, are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment.
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Amino acid
Amino acids are organic compounds containing amine (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.
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B cell
B cells, also known as B lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell of the lymphocyte subtype.
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Chromosome 1
Chromosome 1 is the designation for the largest human chromosome.
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Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus.
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Cytokine
Cytokines are a broad and loose category of small proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signaling.
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Exercise
Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.
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Exon
An exon is any part of a gene that will encode a part of the final mature RNA produced by that gene after introns have been removed by RNA splicing.
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Fc receptor
An Fc receptor is a protein found on the surface of certain cells – including, among others, B lymphocytes, follicular dendritic cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, human platelets, and mast cells – that contribute to the protective functions of the immune system.
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Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), also known as colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2), is a monomeric glycoprotein secreted by macrophages, T cells, mast cells, natural killer cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts that functions as a cytokine.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Interferon gamma
Interferon gamma (IFNγ) is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons.
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Interleukin 10
Interleukin 10 (IL-10), also known as human cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor (CSIF), is an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit
Interleukin 10 receptor, alpha subunit is a subunit for the interleukin-10 receptor.
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Interleukin 2
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an interleukin, a type of cytokine signaling molecule in the immune system.
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Interleukin 3
Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL3 gene.
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JAK-STAT signaling pathway
The JAK-STAT signalling pathway is a chain of interactions between proteins in a cell, and is involved in processes such as immunity, cell division, cell death and tumour formation.
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Knockout mouse
A knockout mouse or knock-out mouse is a genetically modified mouse (Mus musculus) in which researchers have inactivated, or "knocked out", an existing gene by replacing it or disrupting it with an artificial piece of DNA.
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Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is one of the subtypes of white blood cell in a vertebrate's immune system.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Mast cell
A mast cell (also known as a mastocyte or a labrocyte) is a type of white blood cell.
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Melanoma
Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.
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MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
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Monocyte
Monocytes are a type of leukocyte, or white blood cell.
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Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.
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Myelopoiesis
In hematology, myelopoiesis in the broadest sense of the term is the production of bone marrow and of all cells that arise from it, namely, all blood cells.
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Myokine
A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by muscle cells (myocytes) in response to muscular contractions.
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NF-κB
NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival.
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NKG2D
NKG2D is a transmembrane protein belonging to the CD94/NKG2 family of C-type lectin-like receptors.
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P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases
P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are a class of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are responsive to stress stimuli, such as cytokines, ultraviolet irradiation, heat shock, and osmotic shock, and are involved in cell differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy.
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PEGylation
PEGylation (often styled pegylation) is the process of both covalent and non-covalent attachment or amalgamation of polyethylene glycol (PEG, in pharmacy called macrogol) polymer chains to molecules and macrostructures, such as a drug, therapeutic protein or vesicle, which is then described as PEGylated (pegylated).
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Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (from Greek πλείων pleion, "more", and τρόπος tropos, "way") occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits.
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Programmed cell death protein 1
Programmed cell death protein 1, also known as PD-1 and CD279 (cluster of differentiation 279), is a protein found on the surface of cells that has a role in regulating the immune system's response to the cells of the human body by down-regulating the immune system and promoting self tolerance by suppressing T cell inflammatory activity.
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Protein dimer
In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound.
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Protein–protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are the physical contacts of high specificity established between two or more protein molecules as a result of biochemical events steered by electrostatic forces including the hydrophobic effect.
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Regulatory T cell
The regulatory T cells (Tregs), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.
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Toll-like receptor
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a class of proteins that play a key role in the innate immune system.
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Tumor necrosis factor alpha
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNFα, cachexin, or cachectin) is a cell signaling protein (cytokine) involved in systemic inflammation and is one of the cytokines that make up the acute phase reaction.
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IL10 (gene), Interleukin-10, Pegilodecakin.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interleukin_10