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Internal conflict in Myanmar

Index Internal conflict in Myanmar

The internal conflict in Myanmar refers to a series of primarily ethnic conflicts within Myanmar that began shortly after the country, then known as Burma, became independent from the United Kingdom in 1948. [1]

235 relations: Airstrike, Alfred W. McCoy, All Burma Students' Democratic Front, Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League, Arakan Army (Kachin State), Arakan Liberation Army, Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army, Associated Press, Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, Aung San, Aung San Suu Kyi, Australia, Ba Maw, Ba U, Bago Region, Bamar people, Bangladesh–Myanmar border, Bao Youxiang, Bhamo, Bo Mya, Bo Nat Khann Mway, Border Guard Forces, British rule in Burma, Buddhism, Burma Socialist Programme Party, Burmese Indians, Burmese Way to Socialism, Ceasefire, Ceasefires in Myanmar, Central Intelligence Agency, Chiang Mai Province, Chicago Tribune, Children in the military, Chin National Front, Chin people, China, China–Myanmar border, Christian, Commander-in-chief, Communist insurgency in Myanmar, Communist Party (Burma), Communist Party of Burma, Compressed natural gas, Constitution of Myanmar, Coup d'état, Cultural Revolution, Dave Everett, Democratic Karen Buddhist Army, Dictator, Dictatorship, ..., DKBA-5, DLA Piper, Election, Empire of Japan, Ethnic cleansing, Ethnic conflict, Federalism, Federation, Forced displacement, French Foreign Legion, Global Politician, God's Army (revolutionary group), Government of Thailand, Green beret, Head of state, Hermit kingdom, House arrest, Hpapun District, Htang Gam Shawng, Htin Kyaw, Human Development Index, Imperial Japanese Army, Independence, Insurgency, Internally displaced person, International Labour Organization, Japan, Japanese occupation of Burma, Johnny and Luther Htoo, Kachin Hills, Kachin Independence Army, Kachin Independence Organisation, Kachin people, Kachin State, Karen National Liberation Army, Karen National Union, Karen people, Karenni Army, Karenni National Progressive Party, Karenni people, Kayah State, Kayin State, Khun Sa, Kokang, Kokang people, Kokang Self-Administered Zone, Kuomintang in Burma, Laiza, Land mine, Li Mi (Republic of China general), List of insurgent groups in Myanmar, List of national founders, List of ongoing armed conflicts, Lo Hsing Han, Lower Myanmar, M18 Claymore mine, Marxism–Leninism–Maoism, Maungdaw, Médecins Sans Frontières, Memorandum of understanding, Military dictatorship, Min Aung Hlaing, Ministry of Defence (Myanmar), Minority rights, Mizzima News, Mon National Liberation Army, Mong Ko, Mong Tai Army, Mu Se Township, Multi-party system, Muslim, Myanmar, Myanmar Air Force, Myanmar Army, Myanmar general election, 1990, Myanmar general election, 2015, Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army, Myanmar Peace Centre, Myanmar Police Force, N'Ban La, National Democratic Alliance Army, National League for Democracy, Nationalism, Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement, Naw Zipporah Sein, Ne Win, Northern Alliance (Myanmar), Northern Rakhine State clashes, Norway, One-party state, Opium production in Myanmar, Ottawa Citizen, Pa-O National Army, Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan, Panglong Agreement, Panglong Conference, Pe Khin, People's Liberation Army, Pheung Kya-shin, Political prisoner, Politics of Myanmar, Post-independence Burma, 1948–62, Post–Cold War era, President of Myanmar, Puppet state, Rakhine people, Rakhine State, Ratchaburi, Regional autonomy, Religious violence, Reuters, Rohingya people, Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, Russia, Saffron Revolution, San Yu, Sao Shwe Thaik, Saw Ba U Gyi, Saw Maung, Saw Mo Shay, Saw Mutu Say Poe, Scorched earth, Sein Win (minister), Self-administered zone, Separatism, Shan people, Shan State, Shan State Army, Shan State Army - North, Shan State Army - South, Shan State National Army, Smith Dun, Soe Win (general), Special Air Service Regiment, Spetsnaz, State Counsellor of Myanmar, State Peace and Development Council, Ta'ang National Liberation Army, Taiwan, Taping River, Tar Aik Bong, Tar Bone Kyaw, Tatmadaw, Thailand, Thakin Soe, Thakin Than Tun, Than Shwe, The Washington Post, Thein Pe Myint, Thein Sein, Transitional justice, Twan Mrat Naing, U Nu, U Thuzana, UNICEF, Union Peace Conference - 21st Century Panglong, United Kingdom, United Nations, United Nations General Assembly, United Nations Security Council, United States, United States dollar, United Wa State Army, United Wa State Party, Vice Media, Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors, Voice of America, Wa National Army, Wai Lwin, Wei Hsueh-kang, Win Maung, Win Myint (politician), World War II, Yang Mao-liang, Yangon, Yawd Serk, Yunnan, 1962 Burmese coup d'état, 1967 anti-Chinese riots in Myanmar, 2009 Kokang incident, 2011–15 Myanmar political reforms, 2012 Rakhine State riots, 2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots, 2015 Kokang offensive, 8888 Uprising. Expand index (185 more) »

Airstrike

An airstrike or air strike is an offensive operation carried out by attack aircraft.

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Alfred W. McCoy

Alfred William McCoy (born June 8, 1945) is the J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin–Madison who specializes in Southeast Asia.

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All Burma Students' Democratic Front

The All Burma Students' Democratic Front (မြန်မာနိုင်ငံလုံးဆိုင်ရာကျောင်းသားများဒီမိုကရက်တစ်တပ်ဦး; abbreviated ABSDF) is an opposition group in Myanmar (also known as Burma).

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Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League

The Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (ဖက်ဆစ်ဆန့်ကျင်ရေး ပြည်သူ့လွတ်လပ်ရေး အဖွဲ့ချုပ်,; abbreviated AFPFL), or hpa hsa pa la by its Burmese acronym, was the main political alliance in Burma from 1945 until 1958.

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Arakan Army (Kachin State)

The Arakan Army (ရက္ခိုင့်တပ်မတော်; abbreviated AA) is a Rakhine insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma), founded on 10 April 2009.

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Arakan Liberation Army

The Arakan Liberation Army (ရခိုင်ပြည် လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated ALA) is a Rakhine insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma).

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Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army

The Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (အာရ်ကန်ရိုဟင်ဂျာ ကယ်တင်ရေးတပ်မတော်; abbreviated ARSA), also known by its former name Harakah al-Yaqin (meaning Faith Movement in English), is a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar.

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Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is a U.S.-based not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

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Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi

Ataullah abu Ammar Jununi, commonly known simply as Ataullah or Ata Ullah, is the leader of the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA), a Rohingya insurgent group active in northern Rakhine State.

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Aung San

Bogyoke (Major General) Aung San (13 February 1915 – 19 July 1947) served as the 5th Premier of the British Crown Colony of Burma from 1946 to 1947.

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Aung San Suu Kyi

Aung San Suu Kyi (born 19 June 1945) is a Burmese politician, diplomat, and author, and Nobel Peace Prize laureate (1991).

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Ba Maw

Ba Maw (ဘမော်,; 8 February 1893 – 29 May 1977) was a Burmese political leader, active during the interwar and World War II period.

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Ba U

Sir Ba U, KBE (ဘဦး,; 26 May 1887 – 9 November 1963), was the 2nd President of the Union of Burma and a lawyer, High Court judge, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Burma (1948–1952), and President of Burma from 16 March 1952 to 13 March 1957.

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Bago Region

Bago Region (ပဲခူးတိုင်းဒေသကြီး,; formerly Pegu Division and Bago Division) is an administrative region of Myanmar, located in the southern central part of the country.

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Bamar people

The Bamar (also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar.

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Bangladesh–Myanmar border

The Bangladesh–Myanmar border is the international border between the countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar (formerly Burma).

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Bao Youxiang

Bao Youxiang, also known by his Wa name Tax Log Pang (Chinese Wa: Dax Lōug Bang) and his Burmese name Pau Yu Chang (ပေါက်ယူချန်း Pauk Yu-hkyan), is the current President of Wa State, chairman of the United Wa State Party, and commander-in-chief of the United Wa State Army.

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Bhamo

Bhamo (ဗန်းမော်မြို့ ban: mau mrui., also spelt Banmaw) is a city of Kachin State in the northernmost part of Myanmar, located south from the capital city of the state of Kachin (Myitkyina).

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Bo Mya

Bo Mya (ဘိုမြ; born Htee Moo Kee; 20 January 1927 – 24 December 2006) was a Karen rebel leader born in Papun District, which is in present-day Karen State, Myanmar.

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Bo Nat Khann Mway

Bo Nat Khann Mway (1961 – 13 March 2016), born Saw Lah Pwe and known by his nicknames "Bo Moustache" and "Mr.

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Border Guard Forces

Border Guard Forces (နယ်ခြားစောင့်တပ်; abbreviated BGF) are subdivisions of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces), consisting of former insurgent groups in Myanmar (Burma) under the instruction of Regional Military Commands.

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British rule in Burma

British rule in Burma, also known as British Burma, lasted from 1824 to 1948, from the Anglo-Burmese wars through the creation of Burma as a Province of British India to the establishment of an independently administered colony, and finally independence.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Burma Socialist Programme Party

The Burma Socialist Programme Party (မြန်မာ့ဆိုရှယ်လစ်လမ်းစဉ်ပါတီ;; also Burmese acronyms) was formed by the Ne Win's military regime that seized power in 1962 and was the sole political party allowed to exist legally in Burma during the period of military rule from 1964 until its demise in the aftermath of the popular uprising of 1988.

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Burmese Indians

Burmese Indians are a group of people of Indian origin who live in Burma.

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Burmese Way to Socialism

The Burmese Way to Socialism (မြန်မာ့နည်းမြန်မာ့ဟန် ဆိုရှယ်လစ်စနစ်; also known as the Burmese Road to Socialism) refers to the ideology of the socialist government in Burma, from 1962 to 1988, when the 1962 coup d'état was led by Ne Win and the military to remove U Nu from power.

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Ceasefire

A ceasefire (or truce), also called cease fire, is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions.

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Ceasefires in Myanmar

Ceasefires in Myanmar have been heavily utilized by the Burmese government as a policy to contain ethnic rebel groups and create tentative truces.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Chiang Mai Province

Chiang Mai (เชียงใหม่,; ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩉᩲ᩠ᨾ᩵) is the second-largest province (changwat) of Thailand.

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Chicago Tribune

The Chicago Tribune is a daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, owned by Tronc, Inc., formerly Tribune Publishing.

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Children in the military

Children in the military are children (defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as persons under the age of 18) who are associated with military organisations, such as state armed forces and non-state armed groups.

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Chin National Front

The Chin National Front (ချင်းအမျိုးသားတပ်ဦး; CNF) is a Chin nationalist political organization in Myanmar (Burma).

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Chin people

The Chin people are one of the major ethnic nationalities in Burma.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China–Myanmar border

The China–Myanmar border is the international border that limits the territory of the People's Republic of China and Myanmar (formerly Burma).

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief, also sometimes called supreme commander, or chief commander, is the person or body that exercises supreme operational command and control of a nation's military forces.

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Communist insurgency in Myanmar

The Communist insurgency in Myanmar (known as Burma from 1948 to 1988) was led by the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) or the "white flags", and the Communist Party (Burma) or the "red flags".

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Communist Party (Burma)

The Communist Party (Burma), sometimes referred to as the Red Flag Communist Party (အလံနီကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; RFCP), was a communist party in Burma.

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Communist Party of Burma

The Communist Party of Burma (ဗမာပြည်ကွန်မြူနစ်ပါတီ; abbreviated CPB) is the oldest existing political party in Myanmar (also known as Burma).

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Compressed natural gas

Compressed natural gas (CNG) (methane stored at high pressure) is a fuel which can be used in place of gasoline (petrol), Diesel fuel and propane/LPG.

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Constitution of Myanmar

The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar (ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတမြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေ) is the supreme law of Myanmar.

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Coup d'état

A coup d'état, also known simply as a coup, a putsch, golpe de estado, or an overthrow, is a type of revolution, where the illegal and overt seizure of a state by the military or other elites within the state apparatus occurs.

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Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution, formally the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China from 1966 until 1976.

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Dave Everett

David Francis Everett (1962–2013) was an Australian criminal, writer and former member of the Australian Special Air Service Regiment and Karen National Liberation Army.

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Democratic Karen Buddhist Army

The Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (တိုးတက်သော ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ ကရင်အမျိုးသား တပ်ဖွဲ့; abbreviated DKBA) was an insurgent group of Buddhist soldiers and officers in Myanmar that split from the predominantly Christian led Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), one of the largest rebel factions in Myanmar.

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Dictator

A dictator is a political leader who possesses absolute power.

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Dictatorship

A dictatorship is an authoritarian form of government, characterized by a single leader or group of leaders with either no party or a weak party, little mass mobilization, and limited political pluralism.

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DKBA-5

The Democratic Karen Buddhist Army - Brigade 5 (ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ကရင်အကျိုးပြုတပ်မတော် - တပ်မဟာ 5; abbreviated DKBA-5), also known as the Democratic Karen Benevolent Army (ဒီမိုကရက်တစ်ကရင်အကျိုးပြုတပ်မတော်; abbreviated DKBA) and the Klo Htoo Baw Battalion by the Burmese government, is a Karen Buddhist insurgent group in Myanmar.

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DLA Piper

DLA Piper is a multinational law firm located in more than 40 countries throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.

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Election

An election is a formal group decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office.

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Empire of Japan

The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic or racial groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.

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Ethnic conflict

An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups.

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Federalism

Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government (the central or 'federal' government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system.

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Federation

A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central (federal) government.

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Forced displacement

Forced displacement or forced immigration is the coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region and it often connotes violent coercion.

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French Foreign Legion

The French Foreign Legion (Légion étrangère) (FFL; Légion étrangère, L.É.) is a military service branch of the French Army established in 1831.

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Global Politician

Global Politician was an online magazine of politics that publishes analysis of current events, as well as interviews with politicians, government officials, diplomats, book authors and terrorists.

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God's Army (revolutionary group)

God's Army (ဘုရားသခင်၏ တပ်မတော်) was an armed revolutionary Christian insurgent group that opposed the then military junta of Myanmar (Burma).

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Government of Thailand

The Government of Thailand, or formally the Royal Thai Government (RTG) (รัฐบาลไทย), is the unitary government of the Kingdom of Thailand.

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Green beret

The green beret was the official headdress of the British Commandos of the Second World War.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.

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Hermit kingdom

The term hermit kingdom can be used to refer to any country, organization or society which willfully walls itself off, either metaphorically or physically, from the rest of the world - The country of North Korea is a prime example of a hermit kingdom.

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House arrest

In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to a residence.

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Hpapun District

Hpapun District (ဖာပွန်ခရိုင်); or Mutraw District (မူထြီကီၢ်ရ့ၣ်) is a district of the Karen State in Myanmar.

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Htang Gam Shawng

Htang Gam Shawng is a Kachin political and military leader.

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Htin Kyaw

Htin Kyaw (ထင်ကျော်, or; born 20 July 1946) is a Burmese politician, writer and scholar who served as the 9th President of Myanmar from 30 March 2016 to 21 March 2018.

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Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

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Imperial Japanese Army

The Imperial Japanese Army (IJA; Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun; "Army of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the official ground-based armed force of the Empire of Japan from 1868 to 1945.

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Independence

Independence is a condition of a nation, country, or state in which its residents and population, or some portion thereof, exercise self-government, and usually sovereignty, over the territory.

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Insurgency

An insurgency is a rebellion against authority (for example, an authority recognized as such by the United Nations) when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents (lawful combatants).

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Internally displaced person

An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.

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International Labour Organization

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour problems, particularly international labour standards, social protection, and work opportunities for all.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japanese occupation of Burma

The Japanese occupation of Burma was the period between 1942 and 1945 during World War II, when Burma was occupied by the Empire of Japan.

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Johnny and Luther Htoo

Johnny Htoo and Luther Htoo (pronounced 'too', 'H' is silent; born circa 1988) are twin brothers who jointly led the God's Army guerrilla group — a splinter group of the Karen National Union — in Myanmar (Burma) during the late 1990s.

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Kachin Hills

The Kachin Hills are a heavily forested group of highlands in the extreme northeastern area of the Kachin State of Burma.

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Kachin Independence Army

The Kachin Independence Army (Kachin: ShangLawt Hpyen, ကချင် လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated KIA) is the military wing of the Kachin Independence Organisation (KIO), a political group of ethnic Kachins in northern Myanmar (formerly Burma).

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Kachin Independence Organisation

The Kachin Independence Organisation (ကချင်လွတ်လပ်ရေး အဖွဲ့ချုပ်; abbreviated KIO) is a Kachin ethno-political organisation in Myanmar (Burma), established on 5 February 1961.

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Kachin people

The Kachin people (Jingpho: Ga Hkyeng red soil), Jingpho Wunpong (Jingpho: Jinghpaw Wunpawng the Confederation of Jingpo) or simply Wunpong (the Confederation), are a confederation of ethnic groups who inhabit the Kachin Hills in northern Burma's Kachin State and neighbouring Yunnan Province, China, and Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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Kachin State

Kachin State (Kachin: Jingphaw Mungdaw; ကခ်င္ျပည္နယ္) is the northernmost state of Myanmar.

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Karen National Liberation Army

The Karen National Liberation Army (ကရင်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated KNLA) is the military branch of the Karen National Union (KNU), which campaigns for the self-determination of the Karen people of Myanmar (formerly Burma).

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Karen National Union

The Karen National Union (ကရင် အမျိုးသား အစည်းအရုံး; abbreviated KNU) is a political organisation with an armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA), that claims to represent the Karen people of Myanmar (Burma).

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Karen people

The Karen, Kayin, Kariang or Yang people (ကညီကလုာ်, ကရင်လူမျိုး,; Per Ploan Poe or Ploan in Pwo Karen and Pwa Ka Nyaw or Kanyaw in Sgaw Karen; กะเหรี่ยง) refer to a number of individual Sino-Tibetan language speaking ethnic groups, many of which do not share a common language or culture.

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Karenni Army

The Karenni Army (ကရင်နီ တပ်မတော်; abbreviated KA, KnA or KiA) is the armed wing of the Karenni National Progressive Party (KNPP), and operates in eastern Kayah State (also known as Karenni State), Myanmar (Burma).

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Karenni National Progressive Party

The Karenni National Progressive Party (abbreviated KNPP) is a Karenni political party in Kayah State, Myanmar (Burma).

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Karenni people

The Karenni, also known as the Red Karen, the Kayah or the Kayahli (meaning "red human"), are a Sino-Tibetan people living mostly in Kayah State, Myanmar (Burma).

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Kayah State

Kayah State (ကယားပြည်နယ်, formerly, Karenni State) is a state of Myanmar.

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Kayin State

Kayin State (ကညီကီၢ်ဆဲၣ်,, ကရင်ပြည်နယ်,; formerly Karen) is a state of Myanmar.

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Khun Sa

Khun Sa (ခွန်ဆာ) (17 February 1934 – 26 October 2007), was a Shan warlord.

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Kokang

Kokang (ကိုးကန့်) is a historical region in Myanmar (Burma).

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Kokang people

The Kokang people (ကိုးကန့်လူမျိုး) are an ethnic group of Myanmar.

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Kokang Self-Administered Zone

The Kokang Self-Administered Zone (ကိုးကန့် ကိုယ်ပိုင်အုပ်ချုပ်ခွင့်ရ ဒေသ), as stipulated by the 2008 Constitution of Myanmar, is a self-administered zone in northern Shan State.

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Kuomintang in Burma

The Kuomintang in Burma (KMT) were Chinese Nationalist troops that fled to the Burmese border region in 1950 after their defeat to the Communists in the Chinese Civil War.

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Laiza

Laiza (လိုင်ဇာ) is a town in the Kachin State, Myanmar, on the border with China.

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Land mine

A land mine is an explosive device concealed under or on the ground and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it.

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Li Mi (Republic of China general)

Li Mi (1902–1973) was a high-ranking Nationalist general who participated in the anti-Communist Encirclement Campaigns, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War.

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List of insurgent groups in Myanmar

This is an incomplete list of insurgent groups in Myanmar (also known as Burma).

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List of national founders

The following list of national founding figures is a record, by country, of people who were credited with establishing their nation.

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List of ongoing armed conflicts

The following is a list of ongoing armed conflicts that are taking place around the world and continue to result in violence.

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Lo Hsing Han

Lo Hsing Han or Law Sit Han (လော်စစ်ဟန်,;; ca. 1930s – July 6, 2013) was a Burmese drug trafficker and became a major Burmese business tycoon, with financial ties to Singapore.

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Lower Myanmar

Lower Burma (အောက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Outer Myanmar) is a geographic region of Burma (Myanmar) and includes the low-lying Irrawaddy delta (Ayeyarwady, Bago and Yangon Regions), as well as coastal regions of the country (Rakhine and Mon States and Tanintharyi Region).

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M18 Claymore mine

The M18A1 Claymore is a directional anti-personnel mine developed for the United States Armed Forces.

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Marxism–Leninism–Maoism

Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (M–L–M or MLM, formerly known as Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought) is a political philosophy that builds upon Marxism–Leninism and some aspects of Mao Zedong Thought which was first formalised in 1993 by the Revolutionary Internationalist Movement.

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Maungdaw

Maungdaw is a town in Rakhine State, in the western part of Myanmar (Burma).

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Médecins Sans Frontières

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; pronounced), also known in English as Doctors Without Borders, is an international humanitarian medical non-governmental organisation (NGO) of French origin best known for its projects in conflict zones and in countries affected by endemic diseases.

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Memorandum of understanding

A memorandum of understanding (MoU) is a type of agreement between two (bilateral) or more (multilateral) parties.

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Military dictatorship

A military dictatorship (also known as a military junta) is a form of government where in a military force exerts complete or substantial control over political authority.

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Min Aung Hlaing

Senior General Min Aung Hlaing (မင်းအောင်လှိုင်; born 3 July 1956) is the current commander-in-chief of the Myanmar Armed Forces, appointed in 2011.

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Ministry of Defence (Myanmar)

The Ministry of Defence (ကာကွယ်ရေးဝန်ကြီးဌာန; abbreviated MoD) is a government ministry in Myanmar (Burma), responsible for the country's national security and the armed forces (the Tatmadaw).

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Minority rights

Minority rights are the normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious, linguistic or gender and sexual minorities; and also the collective rights accorded to minority groups.

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Mizzima News

Mizzima News (မဇ္ဈိမသတင်း) is a Burmese multimedia news organisation.

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Mon National Liberation Army

The Mon National Liberation Army (မွန်အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated MNLA) is a Mon insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma).

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Mong Ko

Mong Ko (မုန်းကိုးမြို့; p), sometimes spelled Mongko or Monekoe and also known as Man Kan, Man Guo and Panglong, is a town in Mu Se Township, Mu Se District, northern Shan State.

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Mong Tai Army

The Mong Tai Army (မိုင်းတိုင်းတပ်မတော်; sometimes transcripted Muang Tai Army; abbreviated MTA), was an insurgent group consisting of soldiers from the Shan minority in Myanmar, founded in 1985 by Khun Sa.

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Mu Se Township

Mu Se Township (မူစယ်မြို့နယ်) is a township of Mu Se District in the Shan State of eastern Burma.

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Multi-party system

A multi-party system is a system in which multiple political parties across the political spectrum run for national election, and all have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Myanmar

Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.

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Myanmar Air Force

The Myanmar Air Force (တပ်မတော် (လေ)), known until 1989 as the Burmese Air Force, is the aerial branch of Myanmar's armed forces, the Tatmadaw.

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Myanmar Army

The Myanmar Army (တပ်မတော်(ကြည်း)) is the largest branch of the Armed Forces (''Tatmadaw'') of Myanmar (Burma) and has the primary responsibility of conducting land-based military operations.

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Myanmar general election, 1990

General elections were held in Myanmar on 27 May 1990, the first multi-party elections since 1960, after which the country had been ruled by a military dictatorship.

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Myanmar general election, 2015

General elections were held in Myanmar on 8 November 2015, with the National League for Democracy winning a supermajority of seats in the combined national parliament.

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Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army

The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (abbreviated MNDAA; မြန်မာအမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရက်တစ် မဟာမိတ်တပ်မတော်; p), also known as the Myanmar Nationalities Democratic Alliance Army and the Kokang Army, is a communist-inspired armed insurgent group in the Kokang region, Myanmar (Burma).

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Myanmar Peace Centre

The Myanmar Peace Centre (မြန်မာနိုင်ငံငြိမ်းချမ်းရေး ပြန်လည်ထူထောင်ရေးလုပ်ငန်း ဗဟိုဌာန; abbreviated MPC) is an organization to provide technical support to the peacemaking process in Myanmar (Burma), including implementing and managing ceasefire agreements and facilitating dialogue on political issues.

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Myanmar Police Force

The Myanmar Police Force, formally known as The People's Police Force, was established in 1964 as an independent department under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

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N'Ban La

N'Ban La is a Kachin political and military leader.

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National Democratic Alliance Army

The National Democratic Alliance Army (မြန်မာအမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရက်တစ် မဟာမိတ်တပ်မတော်; abbreviated NDAA), also known as the National Democratic Alliance Army-Eastern Shan State (NDAA-ESS), the Eastern Shan State Army) and the Mong La Army, is an insurgent group in eastern Shan State, Myanmar (Burma). The latter name originated from its location in the Mong La Township in eastern Shan State, known also as 'Shan State Special region 4'.

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National League for Democracy

The National League for Democracy (အမျိုးသား ဒီမိုကရေစီ အဖွဲ့ချုပ်,; abbreviated NLD) is a social-democratic and liberal democratic political party in Myanmar (Burma), currently serving as the governing party.

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Nationalism

Nationalism is a political, social, and economic system characterized by the promotion of the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining sovereignty (self-governance) over the homeland.

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Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement

The Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (တစ်နိုင်ငံလုံး ပစ်ခတ်တိုက်ခိုက်မှု ရပ်စဲရေး သဘောတူစာချုပ်; abbreviated NCA) was a landmark ceasefire agreement between the government of Myanmar and representatives of various ethnic insurgent groups, officially known as "ethnic armed organisations" (EAOs) by the government.

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Naw Zipporah Sein

Naw Zipporah Sein (နော်စီဖိုးရာစိန်) is a Karen political activist and former Vice-President of the Karen National Union.

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Ne Win

Ne Win (နေဝင်း; 10 July 1910, or 14 or 24 May 1911 – 5 December 2002), sometimes known honorifically as U Ne Win was a Burmese politician and military commander.

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Northern Alliance (Myanmar)

The Northern Alliance (မြန်မာပြည်မြောက်ပိုင်း မဟာမိတ်တပ်ပေါင်းစု; sometimes abbreviated NA-B) is a military coalition in Myanmar (Burma) composed of four ethnic insurgent groups: the Arakan Army (AA), the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) and the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA).

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Northern Rakhine State clashes

A series of violent clashes have been ongoing in the northern part of Myanmar's Rakhine State since October 2016.

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Norway

Norway (Norwegian: (Bokmål) or (Nynorsk); Norga), officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a unitary sovereign state whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula plus the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard.

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One-party state

A one-party state, single-party state, one-party system, or single-party system is a type of state in which one political party has the right to form the government, usually based on the existing constitution.

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Opium production in Myanmar

Opium production in Myanmar has historically been a major contributor to the country's gross domestic product (GDP).

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Ottawa Citizen

The Ottawa Citizen is an English-language daily newspaper owned by Postmedia Network in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

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Pa-O National Army

The Pa-O National Army (ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNA) was a Pa-O paramilitary group in Myanmar (Burma).

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Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan

Padoh Mahn Sha Lah Phan (ဖဒိုမန်းရှာလာဖန်း; July 5, 1943 – February 14, 2008) was the secretary general of the Karen National Union (KNU), an insurgent group in Myanmar.

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Panglong Agreement

The Panglong Agreement (ပင်လုံစာချုပ်) was reached in Panglong, Southern Shan State, between the Burmese government under Aung San and the Shan, Kachin, and Chin peoples on 12 February 1947.

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Panglong Conference

The Panglong Conference (ပင်လုံစာချုပ်), held in February 1947, was an historic meeting that took place at Panglong in the Shan States in Burma between the Shan, Kachin and Chin ethnic minority leaders and Aung San, head of the interim Burmese government.

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Pe Khin

Headquarters of the United Nations Pe Khin was the most important negotiator and architect of the historical Panglong treaty in Burma.

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People's Liberation Army

The Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the armed forces of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Communist Party of China (CPC).

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Pheung Kya-shin

Pheung Kya-shin (ဖုန်းကြားရှင်) was the chairman of the Kokang Special Region in Myanmar (Burma) and the leader of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA).

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Political prisoner

A political prisoner is someone imprisoned because they have opposed or criticized the government responsible for their imprisonment.

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Politics of Myanmar

Myanmar (also known as Burma) is a unitary parliamentary republic under its constitution of 2008.

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Post-independence Burma, 1948–62

During the first years of post-independence Burma, insurgencies by the Red Flag Communists led by Thakin Soe, the White Flag Communists led by Thakin Than Tun, the Yèbaw Hpyu (White-band PVO) led by Bo La Yaung, a member of the Thirty Comrades, army rebels calling themselves the Revolutionary Burma Army (RBA) led by communist officers Bo Zeya, Bo Yan Aung and Bo Yè Htut – all three of them members of the Thirty Comrades, Arakanese, and the Karen National Union (KNU).

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Post–Cold War era

The post–Cold War era is the period in world history from the dissolution of the Soviet Union on 9:00 am,December 26, 1991 to the present.

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President of Myanmar

The President of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is the head of state and the head of government of Myanmar and leads the executive branch of the Burmese government, and heads the Cabinet of Myanmar.

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Puppet state

A puppet state is a state that is supposedly independent but is in fact dependent upon an outside power.

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Rakhine people

The Rakhine people (ရခိုင်လူမျိုး, Rakhine pronunciation;; formerly Arakanese) are an ethnic group in Myanmar (Burma) forming the majority along the coastal region of present-day Rakhine State (formerly officially called Arakan).

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Rakhine State

Rakhine State (Rakhine pronunciation;; formerly Arakan) is a state in Myanmar (Burma).

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Ratchaburi

Ratchaburi (ราชบุรี) or Rat Buri is a town (thesaban mueang) in western Thailand, capital of Ratchaburi Province.

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Regional autonomy

Regional autonomy is decentralization of governance to outlying regions.

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Religious violence

Religious violence is a term that covers phenomena where religion is either the subject or the object of violent behavior.

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Reuters

Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.

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Rohingya people

The Rohingya people are a stateless Indo-Aryan-speaking people who reside in Rakhine State, Myanmar (also known as Burma).

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Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh

Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh refer to the Rohingya refugees from Myanmar living in Bangladesh.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Saffron Revolution

Saffron Revolution is a term used to describe a series of economic and political protests and demonstrations that took place during August, September and October 2007 in Myanmar.

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San Yu

President San Yu (စန်းယု,; 3 March 1918 – 30 January 1996) was the General and Commander in Chief of the Tatmadaw and President of Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma from 9 November 1981 to 27 July 1988.

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Sao Shwe Thaik

Sao Shwe Thaik (စဝ်ရွှေသိုက်,; 16 October 1895 – 21 November 1962) was the first president of the Union of Burma and the last Saopha of Yawnghwe.

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Saw Ba U Gyi

Saw Ba U Gyi (စီၤဘၣ်အူကၠံ, စောဘဦးကြီး; 1905 – 12 August 1950) was the first President of the Karen National Union.

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Saw Maung

Senior General Saw Maung (စောမောင်,; 12 May 1928 – 24 July 1997) was the founder of the State Law and Order Restoration Council, later renamed State Peace and Development Council in Myanmar.

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Saw Mo Shay

Saw Mo Shay (စောမိုရှေး) is a Karen military officer and commander-in-chief of DKBA-5, an insurgent group active in Kayin State, Myanmar.

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Saw Mutu Say Poe

Saw Mutu Say Poe is a Karen political and military leader.

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Scorched earth

A scorched-earth policy is a military strategy that aims to destroy anything that might be useful to the enemy while it is advancing through or withdrawing from a location.

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Sein Win (minister)

Lt. Gen. Sein Win (စိန်ဝင်း) is the incumbent Minister of Defence of Myanmar, in office since 2015.

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Self-administered zone

Self-administered zone is a term used for a country subdivision in Myanmar (Burma).

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Separatism

A common definition of separatism is that it is the advocacy of a state of cultural, ethnic, tribal, religious, racial, governmental or gender separation from the larger group.

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Shan people

The Shan (တႆး;, ရှမ်းလူမျိုး;; ไทใหญ่ or ฉาน) are a Tai ethnic group of Southeast Asia.

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Shan State

Shan State (Burmese: ရှမ်းပြည်နယ်,; Shan: မိူင်းတႆး) is a state of Myanmar.

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Shan State Army

The Shan State Army (ရှမ်းပြည် တပ်မတော်; abbreviated SSA) was one of the largest insurgent groups that fought government forces in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma).

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Shan State Army - North

The Shan State Army-North (ရှမ်းပြည်တပ်မတော် - မြောက်ပိုင်း; abbreviated SSA-N), also known as Shan State Army/Special Region 3 (SSA/SR-3) is a Shan nationalist insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma).

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Shan State Army - South

The Shan State Army - South (တပ်ႉသိုၵ်းၸိုင်ႈတႆး - ပွတ်းၸၢၼ်း; abbreviated SSA-S), also known simply as the Shan State Army, is the armed wing of the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) and one of the largest insurgent groups in Myanmar (Burma).

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Shan State National Army

The Shan State National Army (ရှမ်းပြည် အမျိုးသား တပ်မတော်; abbreviated SSNA) was a Shan nationalist insurgent group that fought against the then ruling State Peace and Development Council military regime of Myanmar (Burma).

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Smith Dun

General Smith Dun (11 November 1906 – 1979) was the commander-in-chief of the Burmese Army from 4 January 1948 to 1 February 1949.

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Soe Win (general)

Vice-Senior General Soe Win (စိုးဝင်း) is the current deputy commander-in-chief of the Tatmadaw (Myanmar Armed Forces), and a member of the National Defence and Security Council in Myanmar (Burma).

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Special Air Service Regiment

The Special Air Service Regiment, officially abbreviated SASR though commonly known as the SAS, is a special forces unit of the Australian Army.

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Spetsnaz

Spetsnaz (p), abbreviation for Войска специа́льного назначе́ния, tr. Voyska spetsialnogo naznacheniya, (Special Purpose Forces or Special Purpose Military Units), is an umbrella term for special forces in Russian and is used in numerous post-Soviet states.

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State Counsellor of Myanmar

The State Counsellor of Myanmar (နိုင်ငံတော်၏ အတိုင်ပင်ခံပုဂ္ဂိုလ်) is the de facto head of government of Myanmar, equivalent to a prime minister.

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State Peace and Development Council

The State Peace and Development Council (နိုင်ငံတော် အေးချမ်းသာယာရေး နှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေး ကောင်စီ; abbreviated to SPDC or) was the official name of the military government of Burma, which seized power under the rule of Saw Maung in 1988.

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Ta'ang National Liberation Army

The Ta'ang National Liberation Army (တအောင်း အမျိုးသား လွတ်မြောက်ရေး တပ်မတော်; abbreviated TNLA) is an insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma), and the armed wing of the Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF).

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Taping River

The Taping River, known as Ta Hkaw Hka in Kachin and Daying River in Chinese, is a river in Yunnan province, China and northern Myanmar (Burma).

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Tar Aik Bong

Tar Aik Bong (တာအိုက်ပေါင်း) is the chairman of the Palaung State Liberation Front (PSLF), and the commander in chief of its armed wing, the Ta'ang National Liberation Army (TNLA).

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Tar Bone Kyaw

Tar Bone Kyaw (တာဘုန်းကျော်) is a senior Ta'ang (Palaung) military and political leader in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma).

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Tatmadaw

The Tatmadaw is the official name of the armed forces of Myanmar (Burma).

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Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.

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Thakin Soe

Thakin Soe (သခင်စိုး,; 1906-6 May 1989) was a founding member of the Communist Party of Burma, formed in 1939 and one of Burma's most prominent Communist leaders.

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Thakin Than Tun

Thakin Than Tun (သခင် သန်းထွန်း) (1911–September 24, 1968) born in Kanyutkwin, British Burma, was a Burmese politician and leader of the Communist Party of Burma (CPB) from 1945 until his murder at age 57.

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Than Shwe

Senior General Than Shwe (သန်းရွှေ;; born 2 February 1933) is a Burmese strongman politician who was the head of state of Burma from 1992 to 2011 as Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC).

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post is a major American daily newspaper founded on December 6, 1877.

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Thein Pe Myint

Thein Pe Myint (သိန်းဖေမြင့်; also Thakin Thein Pe; 10 July 1914 – 15 January 1978) was a Burmese politician, writer and journalist.

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Thein Sein

Thein Sein (သိန်းစိန်; IPA:; born 20 April 1944) is a Burmese politician and retired general in the Myanmar Army who served as the 8th President of Myanmar from 2011 to 2016.

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Transitional justice

Transitional justice consists of judicial and non-judicial measures implemented in order to redress legacies of human rights abuses.

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Twan Mrat Naing

Major General Twan Mrat Naing, also spelled Tun Myat Naing (ထွန်းမြတ်နိုင်), is the commander in chief of the Arakan Army, an insurgent group based in Kachin State, Myanmar (Burma).

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U Nu

Nu (နု;; 25 May 1907 – 14 February 1995), known honorifically as U Nu (ဦးနု) or Thakin Nu, was a leading Burmese statesman, politician, nationalist, and political figure of the 20th century.

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U Thuzana

U Thuzana is a Karen Theravada Buddhist monk based in Myaing Gyi Ngu, Kayin State, Myanmar.

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UNICEF

The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) is a United Nations (UN) program headquartered in New York City that provides humanitarian and developmental assistance to children and mothers in developing countries.

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Union Peace Conference - 21st Century Panglong

The Union Peace Conference - 21st Century Panglong (ပြည်ထောင်စု ငြိမ်းချမ်းရေးညီလာခံ (၂၁) ရာစု ပင်လုံ) was a peace conference held from 31 August to 4 September 2016 at the Myanmar Convention Centre 2 in Naypyidaw, Myanmar (Burma).

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations General Assembly

The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; Assemblée Générale AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the UN.

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United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations, charged with the maintenance of international peace and security as well as accepting new members to the United Nations and approving any changes to its United Nations Charter.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States dollar

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$ and referred to as the dollar, U.S. dollar, or American dollar) is the official currency of the United States and its insular territories per the United States Constitution since 1792.

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United Wa State Army

The United Wa State Army (ဝပြည် သွေးစည်းညီညွတ်ရေး တပ်မတော်,; abbreviated UWSA), also abbreviated as the UWS Army, is the military wing of the United Wa State Party (UWSP), the de facto ruling party of Wa State (officially known as the Wa Self-Administered Division).

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United Wa State Party

The United Wa State Party (ဝပြည် သွေးစည်း ညီညွတ်ရေး ပါတီ; abbreviated UWSP) is a political organisation in Myanmar (Burma), which campaigns for the interests of the Wa people.

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Vice Media

Vice Media LLC is a North American digital media and broadcasting company.

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Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors

The Vigorous Burmese Student Warriors (မြန်မာ ကျောင်းသား စစ်သည်တော်များ အဖွဲ့; abbreviated VBSW) were an armed opposition group in Myanmar (Burma).

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Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA) is a U.S. government-funded international radio broadcast source that serves as the United States federal government's official institution for non-military, external broadcasting.

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Wa National Army

The Wa National Army (ဝအမျိုးသားတပ်မတော်; abbreviated WNA) is an insurgent group that operates in Shan State, Myanmar (Burma), near Myanmar's border with Thailand.

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Wai Lwin

Wai Lwin (ဝေလွင်) was the Minister of Defence from September 2012 to 13 August 2015.

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Wei Hsueh-kang

Wei Hsueh-kang (ไท่เซิง แซ่เว่ย;, born 29 May 1952) also known as Prasit Cheewinnitipanya (ประสิทธิ์ ชีวินนิติปัญญา) or Charnchai Cheevinnitipanya (ชาญชัย ชีวินนิติปัญญา) and Suchat Phanloetkun (สุชาติ พันธุ์เลิศกุล), is a military commander of the United Wa State Army.

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Win Maung

Mahn Win Maung (မန်းဝင်းမောင်; 17 April 1916 – 4 July 1989) was the third president of the Union of Burma (Myanmar).

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Win Myint (politician)

Win Myint (ဝင်းမြင့်; born 8 November 1951) is a Burmese politician and former political prisoner who is serving as the 10th President of Myanmar since 30 March 2018.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yang Mao-liang

Yang Mao-liang (ရန်မိုးလျံ;; also spelled Yang Mouliang) is a high-ranking member of the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA).

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Yangon

Yangon (ရန်ကုန်မြို့, MLCTS rankun mrui,; formerly known as Rangoon, literally: "End of Strife") was the capital of the Yangon Region of Myanmar, also known as Burma.

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Yawd Serk

Yawd Serk (ယွက်စစ်) is a Shan ethnic and political leader in Myanmar (Burma), who was chairman of the Restoration Council of Shan State and commander in chief of the Shan State Army - South (SSA-S) until his resignation on 3 February 2014.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.

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1962 Burmese coup d'état

The 1962 Burmese coup d'état on 2 March 1962 marked the beginning of totalitarian rule and the political dominance of the army in Burma (now Myanmar) which spanned the course of 26 years.

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1967 anti-Chinese riots in Myanmar

The 1967 anti-Chinese riots in Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) (၁၉၆၇ တရုတ်-ဗမာအရေးအခင်း) were a number of days of conflict between Chinese expatriates in Burma and Burmese nationals.

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2009 Kokang incident

The Kokang incident was a violent series of skirmishes that broke out in August 2009 in Kokang in Myanmar's northern Shan State.

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2011–15 Myanmar political reforms

The 2011–2015 Myanmar political reforms were a series of political, economic and administrative reforms in Myanmar undertaken by the military-backed government.

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2012 Rakhine State riots

The 2012 Rakhine State riots were a series of conflicts primarily between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims in northern Rakhine State, Myanmar, though by October Muslims of all ethnicities had begun to be targeted.

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2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots

The 2013 Myanmar anti-Muslim riots were a series of conflicts in various cities throughout central and eastern Myanmar (Burma).

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2015 Kokang offensive

The 2015 Kokang offensive was military operations launched by the Myanmar Army in 2015 in Kokang in northern Shan State, Myanmar (Burma).

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8888 Uprising

The 8888 Nationwide Popular Pro-Democracy Protests (MLCTS: hrac le: lum), also known as the 8-8-88 Uprisings, or the People Power Uprising,Yawnghwe (1995), pp.

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Redirects here:

Burmese Civil War, Burmese Internal Unrest, Civil war in Myanmar, Ethnic conflict in Burma, Ethnic conflict in Myanmar, Insurgency in Burma, Insurgency in Myanmar, Internal Conflict in Burma, Internal Conflict in Myanmar, Internal conflict in Burma, Myanmar conflict, War in Burma.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_conflict_in_Myanmar

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