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212 relations: Adjutant general, Aerial warfare, Air raids on Japan, Akira Mutō, Alan Mansfield, Allies of World War II, Arnold Brackman, Arthur Comyns Carr, Asahi Shimbun, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Attack on Pearl Harbor, Attorney general, Australia, Bataan Death March, Ben Bruce Blakeney, Berghahn Books, Bert Röling, Best evidence rule, Bombing of Tokyo, Bonner Fellers, Brigadier, Brigandage, British Raj, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, Calcutta High Court, Canada, Canadian Army, Chrysanthemum Throne, City, Civilian, Civilian internee, CNN, Cold War, Colonel, Command responsibility, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Constitutional monarchy, Court-martial, Crime against peace, Criminal procedure, Customary international law, Declaration of war, Delfín Jaranilla, Diplomatic rank, Dominion of New Zealand, Douglas MacArthur, Dutch East Indies, Edward Stuart McDougall, Embracing Defeat, Emperor of Japan, ..., Empire of Japan, Erima Harvey Northcroft, Fusanosuke Kuhara, Harry S. Truman, Heitarō Kimura, Henry Grattan Nolan, Herbert P. Bix, Hideki Tojo, High Court of Australia, High Court of New Zealand, Hiranuma Kiichirō, Hirohito, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, Hiroshi Ōshima, Hiroshima, Hull note, Human subject research, Ikebukuro, Immunity from prosecution (international law), Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office, Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff, India, Indian National Army trials, International humanitarian law, International law, Isaac C. Kidd, Iwane Matsui, Japanese imperial transition, 2019, Japanese Instrument of Surrender, Japanese war crimes, Jirō Minami, John Foster Dulles, John Patrick Higgins, John W. Dower, John W. Powell, Joseph B. Keenan, Judge Advocate General's Corps, Jurist, Justice Erima Harvey Northcroft Tokyo War Crimes Trial Collection, Kami, Kazuo Aoki, Kōichi Kido, Kōki Hirota, Kenji Doihara, Khabarovsk War Crime Trials, Kingoro Hashimoto, Kisaburō Andō, Kuniaki Koiso, Kwantung Army, Legislative Yuan, Looting, Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan, Major general, Major general (United States), Mamoru Shigemitsu, Masayuki Tani, Mass murder, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Superior Court, Mei Ju-ao, Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union, Military necessity, Ministry of Greater East Asia, Mitsumasa Yonai, Moscow Conference (1945), Mukden Incident, Murder, Myron C. Cramer, Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal, Nanking (2007 film), Nanking Massacre, Naoki Hoshino, Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, Nationalist government, Netherlands, New Zealand Army, Nissan, Nobusuke Kishi, Nuclear weapon, Nuremberg trials, Obiter dictum, Okinori Kaya, Osami Nagano, Panampilly Govinda Menon, Parole, Population, Positive law, Potsdam Declaration, Presidency of Harry S. Truman, Pride (1998 film), Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu, Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni, Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda, Prince Yasuhiko Asaka, Prisoner of war, Private property, Professor, Provisional Government of the French Republic, Public property, Puisne judge, Quebec Court of Appeal, Radhabinod Pal, Republic of China (1912–1949), Rikken Seiyūkai, Robert H. Jackson, Roscoe Pound, Ryōichi Sasakawa, Sadao Araki, Sakurakai, Second Sino-Japanese War, Seishirō Itagaki, Self-defense, Senator of the College of Justice, Shūmei Ōkawa, Shigenori Tōgō, Shigetarō Shimada, Shirō Ishii, Shunroku Hata, Soviet Union, Sugamo Prison, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers, Supreme Court of Queensland, Supreme Court of the Philippines, Supreme Court of the United States, Tanaka Memorial, Teiichi Suzuki, The Guardian, The Honourable, The Tokyo Trial (film), Timothy Brook, Tokyo Charter, Tokyo Trial (miniseries), Torture, Toshio Shiratori, Toshizō Nishio, Town, Treaty of San Francisco, Unfree labour, Unit 731, United Kingdom, United Press International, United States, United States Army, United States Assistant Attorney General, United States Department of Justice, University of Calcutta, Utrecht University, Victor's justice, Village, Wang Jingwei regime, Wartime sexual violence, William Donald Patrick, Lord Patrick, William Webb (judge), Xiang Zhejun, Yasukuni Shrine, Yōsuke Matsuoka, Yokohama, Yoshijirō Umezu, Yoshio Kodama, Yoshisuke Aikawa, Zaibatsu, 1943 Cairo Declaration. Expand index (162 more) »
Adjutant general
An adjutant general is a military chief administrative officer.
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Aerial warfare
Aerial warfare is the battlespace use of military aircraft and other flying machines in warfare.
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Air raids on Japan
Allied forces conducted many air raids on Japan during World War II, causing extensive destruction to the country's cities and killing between 241,000 and 900,000 people.
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Akira Mutō
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
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Alan Mansfield
Sir Alan James Mansfield, (30 September 1902 – 17 July 1980) was an Australian barrister, judge, and the 18th Governor of Queensland, serving from 1966 until 1972.
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Allies of World War II
The Allies of World War II, called the United Nations from the 1 January 1942 declaration, were the countries that together opposed the Axis powers during the Second World War (1939–1945).
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Arnold Brackman
Arnold Charles Brackman (March 6, 1923 – November 21, 1983) was an American journalist and author.
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Arthur Comyns Carr
Sir Arthur Strettell Comyns Carr (19 September 1882 – 20 April 1965) was a British Liberal politician and lawyer.
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Asahi Shimbun
The is one of the five national newspapers in Japan.
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Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During the final stage of World War II, the United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively.
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Attack on Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, on the morning of December 7, 1941.
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Attorney general
In most common law jurisdictions, the Attorney General (sometimes abbreviated as AG) or Attorney-General (plural: Attorneys General (traditional) or Attorney Generals) is the main legal advisor to the government, and in some jurisdictions, they may also have executive responsibility for law enforcement, prosecutions or even responsibility for legal affairs generally.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March (Filipino: Martsa ng Kamatayan sa Bataan; Japanese: バターン死の行進, Hepburn: Batān Shi no Kōshin) was the forcible transfer by the Imperial Japanese Army of 60,000–80,000 Filipino and American prisoners of war from Saysain Point, Bagac, Bataan and Mariveles to Camp O'Donnell, Capas, Tarlac, via San Fernando, Pampanga, where the prisoners were loaded onto trains.
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Ben Bruce Blakeney
Ben Bruce Blakeney (30 July 1908, Shawnee, Oklahoma – March 4, 1963) was an American lawyer who served with the rank of major during the Second World War in the Pacific theatre.
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Berghahn Books
Berghahn Books is a publisher of scholarly books and academic journals in the humanities and social sciences, with a special focus on social & cultural anthropology, European history, politics, and film & media studies.
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Bert Röling
Bernard Victor Aloysius (Bert) Röling (26 December 1906 – 16 March 1985) was a Dutch jurist and founding father of polemology in the Netherlands.
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Best evidence rule
The best evidence rule is a legal principle that holds an original copy of a document as superior evidence.
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Bombing of Tokyo
The often refers to a series of firebombing air raids by the United States Army Air Forces during the Pacific campaigns of World War II.
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Bonner Fellers
Bonner Frank Fellers (February 7, 1896 – October 7, 1973) was a U.S. Army officer who served during World War II as military attaché and psychological warfare director.
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Brigadier
Brigadier is a military rank, the seniority of which depends on the country.
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Brigandage
Brigandage is the life and practice of highway robbery and plunder.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.
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Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a nontechnical academic journal, published by Taylor and Francis that covers global security and public policy issues related to the dangers posed by nuclear threats, weapons of mass destruction, climate change, and emerging technologies and biological hazards.
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Calcutta High Court
The Calcutta High Court is the oldest High Court in India.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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Canadian Army
The Canadian Army (French: Armée canadienne) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces.
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Chrysanthemum Throne
The is the term used to identify the throne of the Emperor of Japan.
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City
A city is a large human settlement.
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Civilian
A civilian is "a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force".
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Civilian internee
A civilian internee is a civilian detained by a party to a war for security reasons.
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CNN
Cable News Network (CNN) is an American basic cable and satellite television news channel and an independent subsidiary of AT&T's WarnerMedia.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Command responsibility
Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.
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Commonwealth of the Philippines
The Commonwealth of the Philippines (Commonwealth de Filipinas; Komonwelt ng Pilipinas) was the administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946, aside from a period of exile in the Second World War from 1942 to 1945 when Japan occupied the country.
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Constitutional monarchy
A constitutional monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the sovereign exercises authority in accordance with a written or unwritten constitution.
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Court-martial
A court-martial or court martial (plural courts-martial or courts martial, as "martial" is a postpositive adjective) is a military court or a trial conducted in such a court.
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Crime against peace
A crime against peace, in international law, is "planning, preparation, initiation, or waging of wars of aggression, or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances, or participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the foregoing".
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Criminal procedure
Criminal procedure is the adjudication process of the criminal law.
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Customary international law
Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.
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Declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state goes to war against another.
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Delfín Jaranilla
Delfín J. Jaranilla (December 24, 1883 – 1980) served as a judge in the Philippines.
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Diplomatic rank
Diplomatic rank is a system of professional and social rank used in the world of diplomacy and international relations.
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Dominion of New Zealand
The Dominion of New Zealand was the historical successor to the Colony of New Zealand.
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Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur (26 January 18805 April 1964) was an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army.
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Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies (or Netherlands East-Indies; Nederlands(ch)-Indië; Hindia Belanda) was a Dutch colony consisting of what is now Indonesia.
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Edward Stuart McDougall
Edward Stuart McDougall (25 September 1886 – 19 June 1957) was a Canadian politician and judge.
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Embracing Defeat
Embracing Defeat: Japan in the Wake of World War II is a history book written by John W. Dower and published by W. W. Norton & Company in 1999.
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Emperor of Japan
The Emperor of Japan is the head of the Imperial Family and the head of state of Japan.
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Empire of Japan
The was the historical nation-state and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan.
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Erima Harvey Northcroft
Sir Erima Harvey Northcroft (2 December 1884 – 10 October 1953) was a New Zealand lawyer, judge, and military leader.
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Fusanosuke Kuhara
was an entrepreneur, syndicalist, politician and cabinet minister in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
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Harry S. Truman
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was an American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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Heitarō Kimura
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Henry Grattan Nolan
Henry Grattan Nolan, (May 5, 1893 – July 8, 1957) was a Canadian lawyer and jurist.
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Herbert P. Bix
Herbert P. Bix (born 1938) is an American historian.
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Hideki Tojo
Hideki Tojo (Kyūjitai: 東條 英機; Shinjitai: 東条 英機;; December 30, 1884 – December 23, 1948) was a general of the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA), the leader of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association, and the 27th Prime Minister of Japan during much of World War II, from October 17, 1941, to July 22, 1944.
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High Court of Australia
The High Court of Australia is the supreme court in the Australian court hierarchy and the final court of appeal in Australia.
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High Court of New Zealand
The High Court of New Zealand is a superior court established in 1841.
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Hiranuma Kiichirō
was a prominent pre–World War II right-wing Japanese politician and the 24th Prime Minister of Japan from 5 January 1939 to 30 August 1939.
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Hirohito
was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 25 December 1926, until his death on 7 January 1989.
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Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan
Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (2000) is a book by Herbert P. Bix covering the reign of Emperor Hirohito of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989.
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Hiroshi Ōshima
Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Japanese ambassador to Germany before and during World War II — and unwittingly a major source of communications intelligence for the Allies.
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Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu - the largest island of Japan.
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Hull note
The Hull note, officially the Outline of Proposed Basis for Agreement Between the United States and Japan, was the final proposal delivered to the Empire of Japan by the United States before the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Japanese declaration of war.
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Human subject research
Human subject research is systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional (a "trial") or observational (no "test article") and involves human beings as research subjects.
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Ikebukuro
is a commercial and entertainment district in Toshima, Tokyo, Japan.
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Immunity from prosecution (international law)
Immunity from prosecution is a doctrine of international law that allows an accused to avoid prosecution for criminal offences.
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Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office
The, also called the Army General Staff, was one of the two principal agencies charged with overseeing the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff
The was the highest organ within the Imperial Japanese Navy.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian National Army trials
The Indian National Army trials (INA trials), which are also called the Red Fort trials, were the British Indian trial by courts-martial of a number of officers of the Indian National Army (INA) between November 1945 and May 1946, for charges variously for treason, torture, murder and abetment to murder during World War II.
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International humanitarian law
International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello).
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International law
International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.
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Isaac C. Kidd
Isaac Cambell Kidd (March 26, 1884 – December 7, 1941) was an American Rear Admiral in the United States Navy.
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Iwane Matsui
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and the commander of the expeditionary force sent to China in 1937.
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Japanese imperial transition, 2019
Emperor Akihito of Japan is set to abdicate on 30 April 2019, which will make him the first Japanese Emperor to do so in over two centuries.
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Japanese Instrument of Surrender
The Japanese Instrument of Surrender was the written agreement that formalized the surrender of the Empire of Japan, marking the end of World War II.
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Japanese war crimes
War crimes of the Empire of Japan occurred in many Asia-Pacific countries during the period of Japanese imperialism, primarily during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.
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Jirō Minami
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and Governor-General of Korea between 1936 and 1942.
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John Foster Dulles
John Foster Dulles (February 25, 1888May 24, 1959) was an American diplomat.
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John Patrick Higgins
John Patrick Higgins (19 February 1893 – 2 August 1955) was an officer in the United States Navy, chemist, attorney, and U.S. Representative from Massachusetts.
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John W. Dower
John W. Dower (born June 21, 1938 in Providence, Rhode Island) is an American author and historian.
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John W. Powell
John William Powell (July 3, 1919 – December 15, 2008) was a journalist and small business proprietor who was most well known for being tried for sedition after publishing an article in 1952 that reported on allegations made by Mainland Chinese officials that the United States and Japan were carrying out germ warfare in the Korean War.
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Joseph B. Keenan
Joseph Berry Keenan (11 January 1888, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island – 8 December 1954, in Asheboro, North Carolina) was a United States political figure.
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Judge Advocate General's Corps
The Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG Corps) is the branch or specialty of a military concerned with military justice and military law.
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Jurist
A jurist (from medieval Latin) is someone who researches and studies jurisprudence (theory of law).
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Justice Erima Harvey Northcroft Tokyo War Crimes Trial Collection
The Justice Erima Harvey Northcroft Tokyo War Crimes Trial Collection is an archival collection held at the Macmillan Brown Library of Canterbury University based on the personal papers of Sir Erima Harvey Northcroft, one of the eleven judges on the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
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Kami
are the spirits or phenomena that are worshipped in the religion of Shinto.
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Kazuo Aoki
, was a bureaucrat and cabinet minister in the Empire of Japan, serving as Minister of Finance, and Minister of Greater East Asia.
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Kōichi Kido
(July 18, 1889 – April 6, 1977) served as Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan from 1940 to 1945, and was the closest advisor to Emperor Showa throughout World War II.
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Kōki Hirota
was a Japanese diplomat and politician who served as the 32nd Prime Minister of Japan from 9 March 1936 to 2 February 1937.
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Kenji Doihara
was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.
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Khabarovsk War Crime Trials
The Khabarovsk War Crime Trials were hearings held between 25–31 December 1949, in the Soviet Union's industrial city of Khabarovsk (Хаба́ровск), the largest city within the Russian Far East (Дáльний Востóк) adjacent to Japan.
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Kingoro Hashimoto
was a soldier in the Imperial Japanese Army and politician.
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Kisaburō Andō
was a career officer and lieutenant general in the Imperial Japanese Army, who served as a politician and cabinet minister in the government of the Empire of Japan during World War II.
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Kuniaki Koiso
was a Japanese general in the Imperial Japanese Army, Governor-General of Korea and 28th Prime Minister of Japan from July 22, 1944, to April 7, 1945.
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Kwantung Army
The Kwantung Army was an army group of the Imperial Japanese Army in the first half of the 20th century.
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Legislative Yuan
The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China now based in Taiwan.
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Looting
Looting, also referred to as sacking, ransacking, plundering, despoiling, despoliation, and pillaging, is the indiscriminate taking of goods by force as part of a military or political victory, or during a catastrophe, such as war, natural disaster (where law and civil enforcement are temporarily ineffective), or rioting.
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Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan
The was an administrative post not of Cabinet rank in the government of the Empire of Japan, responsible for keeping the Privy Seal of Japan and State Seal of Japan.
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Major general
Major general (abbreviated MG, Maj. Gen. and similar) is a military rank used in many countries.
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Major general (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8.
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Mamoru Shigemitsu
was a Japanese diplomat and politician in the Empire of Japan, who served as the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs at the end of World War II and later, as the Deputy Prime Minister of Japan.
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Masayuki Tani
(2 September 1889 – 16 October 1962) was a Japanese diplomat and politician who was briefly foreign minister of Japan from September 1942 to 21 April 1943 during World War II.
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Mass murder
Mass murder is the act of murdering a number of people, typically simultaneously or over a relatively short period of time and in close geographic proximity.
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Massachusetts
Massachusetts, officially known as the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States.
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Massachusetts Superior Court
The Massachusetts Superior Court (also known as the Superior Court Department of the Trial Court) is a trial court department in Massachusetts.
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Mei Ju-ao
Mei Ju-ao (7 November 1904 – 23 April 1973) was a Chinese jurist, legislator and author.
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Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union
The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union (Russian: Военная коллегия Верховного суда СССР) was created in 1924 by the Supreme Court of the Soviet Union as a court for the higher military and political personnel of the Red Army and Fleet.
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Military necessity
Military necessity, along with distinction, and proportionality, are three important principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict.
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Ministry of Greater East Asia
The was a cabinet-level ministry in the government of the Empire of Japan from 1942–1945, established to administer overseas territories obtained by Japan in the Pacific War and to coordinate the establishment and development of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.
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Mitsumasa Yonai
was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, and politician.
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Moscow Conference (1945)
The Moscow Conference of Foreign Ministers (also known as the Interim Meeting of Foreign Ministers) of the United States (James F. Byrnes), the United Kingdom (Ernest Bevin), and the Soviet Union (Vyacheslav Molotov) met in December 1945 to discuss the problems of occupation, establishing peace, and other Far East issues.
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Mukden Incident
The Mukden Incident, or Manchurian Incident, was a staged event engineered by Japanese military personnel as a pretext for the Japanese invasion in 1931 of northeastern China, known as Manchuria.
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Murder
Murder is the unlawful killing of another human without justification or valid excuse, especially the unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought.
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Myron C. Cramer
Myron C. Cramer (1881–1966) was a U.S. Army general who served as Judge Advocate General during World War II when the Judge Advocate General's Department underwent an unprecedented expansion to meet wartime needs and was reorganized.
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Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal
The Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal was established in 1946 by the government of Chiang Kai-shek to judge four Japanese Imperial Army officers accused of crimes committed during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Nanking (2007 film)
Nanking is a 2007 documentary film about the 1937 Nanking Massacre committed by the Japanese army in the former capital city Nanjing, China.
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Nanking Massacre
The Nanking Massacre was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing (Nanking), then the capital of the Republic of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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Naoki Hoshino
was a bureaucrat and politician who served in the Taishō and early Shōwa period Japanese government, and as an official in the Empire of Manchukuo.
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Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan
is the elder son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko, which makes him the heir apparent to the Chrysanthemum Throne.
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Nationalist government
The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China between 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the Kuomintang (KMT, Chinese Nationalist Party).
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Netherlands
The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.
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New Zealand Army
The New Zealand Army (Ngāti Tūmatauenga, "Tribe of the God of War") is the land component of the New Zealand Defence Force and comprises around 4,500 Regular Force personnel, 2,000 Territorial Force personnel and 500 civilians.
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Nissan
, usually shortened to Nissan (or; Japanese), is a Japanese multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Nishi-ku, Yokohama.
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Nobusuke Kishi
was a Japanese politician and the 56th and 57th Prime Minister of Japan from 25 February 1957 to 12 June 1958, and from then to 19 July 1960.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Nuremberg trials
The Nuremberg trials (Die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II.
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Obiter dictum
Obiter dictum (usually used in the plural, obiter dicta) is Latin phrase meaning "by the way", that is, a remark in a judgment that is "said in passing".
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Okinori Kaya
was the Minister of Finance of Japan between 1941 and 1944.
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Osami Nagano
was a Japanese career naval officer and Admiral of the Fleet in the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1943.
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Panampilly Govinda Menon
Panampilly Govinda Menon (പനമ്പിള്ളി ഗോവിന്ദമേനോന്) (1 October 1906 – 23 May 1970) was an Indian politician, freedom fighter, and lawyer.
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Parole
Parole is a temporary release of a prisoner who agrees to certain conditions before the completion of the maximum sentence period, originating from the French parole ("voice, spoken words").
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Population
In biology, a population is all the organisms of the same group or species, which live in a particular geographical area, and have the capability of interbreeding.
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Positive law
Positive laws (ius positum) are human-made laws that oblige or specify an action.
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Potsdam Declaration
The Potsdam Declaration or the Proclamation Defining Terms for Japanese Surrender was a statement that called for the surrender of all Japanese armed forces during World War II.
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Presidency of Harry S. Truman
The presidency of Harry S. Truman began on April 12, 1945, when Harry S. Truman became President of the United States upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, and ended on January 20, 1953.
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Pride (1998 film)
, also known as Pride: The Fateful Moment, is a 1998 Japanese historical drama directed by Shunya Itō.
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Prince Fushimi Hiroyasu
was a scion of the Japanese imperial family and was a career naval officer who served as chief of staff of the Imperial Japanese Navy from 1932 to 1941.
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Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni
General was a Japanese imperial prince, a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 43rd Prime Minister of Japan from 17 August 1945 to 9 October 1945, a period of 54 days.
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Prince Tsuneyoshi Takeda
was the second and last heir of the Takeda-no-miya collateral branch of the Japanese Imperial Family.
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Prince Yasuhiko Asaka
General was the founder of a collateral branch of the Japanese imperial family and a career officer in the Imperial Japanese Army.
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Prisoner of war
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.
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Private property
Private property is a legal designation for the ownership of property by non-governmental legal entities.
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Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.
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Provisional Government of the French Republic
The Provisional Government of the French Republic (gouvernement provisoire de la République française or GPRF) was an interim government of Free France between 1944 and 1946 following the liberation of continental France after Operations ''Overlord'' and ''Dragoon'', and lasted until the establishment of the French Fourth Republic.
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Public property
Public property is property that is dedicated to public use and is a subset of state property.
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Puisne judge
A puisne judge or puisne justice (French: puisné or puîné, "since-born" i.e. "junior") is a dated term for an ordinary judge of a particular court.
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Quebec Court of Appeal
The Court of Appeal of Quebec (sometimes referred to as Quebec Court of Appeal or QCA) (in French: la Cour d'appel du Québec) is the highest judicial court in Quebec, Canada.
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Radhabinod Pal
Radhabinod Pal (27 January 1886 – 10 January 1967) was an Indian Bengali jurist, who was a member of the United Nations' International Law Commission from 1952 to 1966.
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Republic of China (1912–1949)
The Republic of China was a sovereign state in East Asia, that occupied the territories of modern China, and for part of its history Mongolia and Taiwan.
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Rikken Seiyūkai
The was one of the main political parties in the pre-war Empire of Japan.
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Robert H. Jackson
Robert Houghwout Jackson (February 13, 1892 – October 9, 1954) was an American attorney and judge who served as an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court.
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Roscoe Pound
Nathan Roscoe Pound (October 27, 1870 – June 30, 1964) was a distinguished American legal scholar and educator.
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Ryōichi Sasakawa
was a Japanese businessman, politician, and philanthropist.
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Sadao Araki
Baron was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army before and during World War II.
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Sakurakai
was an ultranationalist secret society established by young officers within the Imperial Japanese Army in September 1930, with the goal of reorganizing the state along totalitarian militaristic lines, via a military coup d'état if necessary.
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Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan from July 7, 1937, to September 2, 1945.
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Seishirō Itagaki
was a General in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II and a War Minister.
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Self-defense
Self-defence (self-defense in some varieties of English) is a countermeasure that involves defending the health and well-being of oneself from harm.
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Senator of the College of Justice
The Senators of the College of Justice are judges of the College of Justice, a set of legal institutions involved in the administration of justice in Scotland.
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Shūmei Ōkawa
was a Japanese nationalist, Pan-Asian writer, indicted war criminal, and Islamic scholar.
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Shigenori Tōgō
(Korean: 박무덕, Hanja: 朴茂德, Pak Mudǒk, 10 December 1882 – 23 July 1950) was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Japanese-Allied conflict during World War II.
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Shigetarō Shimada
was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy during World War II.
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Shirō Ishii
Surgeon General was a Japanese army medical officer, microbiologist and the director of Unit 731, a biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army involved in forced and frequently lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945).
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Shunroku Hata
was a Field Marshal (Gensui) in the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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Sugamo Prison
Sugamo Prison (Sugamo Kōchi-sho, Kyūjitai: 巢鴨拘置所, Shinjitai: 巣鴨拘置所) was located in the district of Ikebukuro, which is now part of the Toshima ward of Tokyo, Japan.
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Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers
The Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) (originally briefly styled Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers) was the title held by General Douglas MacArthur during the Allied occupation of Japan following World War II.
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Supreme Court of Queensland
The Supreme Court of Queensland is the highest court in the Australian State of Queensland.
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Supreme Court of the Philippines
The Supreme Court of the Philippines (Kataas-taasang Hukuman ng Pilipinas; colloquially referred to as Korte Suprema) is the highest court in the Philippines.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Tanaka Memorial
The is an alleged Japanese strategic planning document from 1927 in which Prime Minister Baron Tanaka Giichi laid out for Emperor Hirohito a strategy to take over the world.
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Teiichi Suzuki
was a Japanese army general who helped plan Japan's economy in World War II.
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The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
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The Honourable
The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable (abbreviated to The Hon., Hon. or formerly The Hon'ble—the latter term is still used in South Asia) is a style that is used before the names of certain classes of people.
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The Tokyo Trial (film)
The Tokyo Trial is a Chinese film released in 2006.
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Timothy Brook
Timothy James Brook (Chinese name: 卜正民; born January 6, 1951) is a Canadian historian, sinologist, and writer specializing in the study of China (sinology).
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Tokyo Charter
The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter), also known as the Tokyo Charter, was the decree issued by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Allied-occupied Japan, on 19 January 1946 that set down the laws and procedures by which the Tokyo Trials were to be conducted.
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Tokyo Trial (miniseries)
Tokyo Trial is a Japanese four-part historical drama miniseries that depicts the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
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Torture
Torture (from the Latin tortus, "twisted") is the act of deliberately inflicting physical or psychological pain in order to fulfill some desire of the torturer or compel some action from the victim.
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Toshio Shiratori
was the Japanese ambassador to Italy from 1938 to 1940, adviser to the Japanese foreign minister in 1940 and one of the 14 Class-A war criminals enshrined at Yasukuni.
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Toshizō Nishio
was a Japanese general, considered to be one of the Imperial Japanese Army's most successful and ablest strategists during the Second Sino-Japanese War, who commanded the Japanese Second Army during the first years after the Marco Polo Bridge Incident.
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Town
A town is a human settlement.
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Treaty of San Francisco
, or commonly known as the Treaty of Peace with Japan, Peace Treaty of San Francisco, or San Francisco Peace Treaty), mostly between Japan and the Allied Powers, was officially signed by 48 nations on September 8, 1951, in San Francisco. It came into force on April 28, 1952 and officially ended the American-led Allied Occupation of Japan. According to Article 11 of the Treaty, Japan accepts the judgments of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East and of other Allied War Crimes Courts imposed on Japan both within and outside Japan. This treaty served to officially end Japan's position as an imperial power, to allocate compensation to Allied civilians and former prisoners of war who had suffered Japanese war crimes during World War II, and to end the Allied post-war occupation of Japan and return sovereignty to that nation. This treaty made extensive use of the United Nations Charter and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to enunciate the Allies' goals. This treaty, along with the Security Treaty signed that same day, is said to mark the beginning of the San Francisco System; this term, coined by historian John W. Dower, signifies the effects of Japan's relationship with the United States and its role in the international arena as determined by these two treaties and is used to discuss the ways in which these effects have governed Japan's post-war history. This treaty also introduced the problem of the legal status of Taiwan due to its lack of specificity as to what country Taiwan was to be surrendered, and hence some supporters of Taiwan independence argue that sovereignty of Taiwan is still undetermined.
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Unfree labour
Unfree labour is a generic or collective term for those work relations, especially in modern or early modern history, in which people are employed against their will with the threat of destitution, detention, violence (including death), compulsion, or other forms of extreme hardship to themselves or members of their families.
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Unit 731
was a covert biological and chemical warfare research and development unit of the Imperial Japanese Army that undertook lethal human experimentation during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) of World War II.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Press International
United Press International (UPI) is an international news agency whose newswires, photo, news film, and audio services provided news material to thousands of newspapers, magazines, radio and television stations for most of the 20th century.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Assistant Attorney General
Many of the divisions and offices of the United States Department of Justice are headed by an Assistant Attorney General.
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United States Department of Justice
The United States Department of Justice (DOJ), also known as the Justice Department, is a federal executive department of the U.S. government, responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice in the United States, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries. The department was formed in 1870 during the Ulysses S. Grant administration. The Department of Justice administers several federal law enforcement agencies including the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). The department is responsible for investigating instances of financial fraud, representing the United States government in legal matters (such as in cases before the Supreme Court), and running the federal prison system. The department is also responsible for reviewing the conduct of local law enforcement as directed by the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994. The department is headed by the United States Attorney General, who is nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate and is a member of the Cabinet. The current Attorney General is Jeff Sessions.
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University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University or CU) is a public state university located in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), West Bengal, India established on 24 January 1857.
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Utrecht University
Utrecht University (UU; Universiteit Utrecht, formerly Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht) is a university in Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Victor's justice
The label "victor's justice" is a situation in which an entity participates in carrying out "justice" on its own basis of applying different rules to judge what is right or wrong for their own forces and for those of the (former) enemy.
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Village
A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet but smaller than a town, with a population ranging from a few hundred to a few thousand.
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Wang Jingwei regime
The Wang Jingwei regime is the common name of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China (p), a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, located in eastern China.
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Wartime sexual violence
Wartime sexual violence is rape or other forms of sexual violence committed by combatants during armed conflict or war or military occupation often as spoils of war; but sometimes, particularly in ethnic conflict, the phenomenon has broader sociological motives.
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William Donald Patrick, Lord Patrick
The Hon.
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William Webb (judge)
Sir William Flood Webb KBE (21 January 1887 – 11 August 1972) was a judge of the Supreme Court of Queensland and the High Court of Australia.
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Xiang Zhejun
Xiang Zhejun (1892—1987), native of Ningxiang county in Hunan province, was a Chinese jurist and prosecutor at the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.
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Yasukuni Shrine
The Imperial Shrine of Yasukuni, informally known as the, is a Shinto shrine located in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan.
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Yōsuke Matsuoka
was a Japanese diplomat and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Empire of Japan during the early stages of World War II.
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Yokohama
, literally "Port to the side" or "Beside the port", is the second largest city in Japan by population, after Tokyo, and the most populous municipality of Japan.
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Yoshijirō Umezu
(January 4, 1882 – January 8, 1949) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.
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Yoshio Kodama
was a prominent figure in the rise of organized crime in Japan.
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Yoshisuke Aikawa
was a Japanese entrepreneur, businessman, and politician, noteworthy as the founder and first president of the Nissan zaibatsu between 1931 and 1945.
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Zaibatsu
is a Japanese term referring to industrial and financial business conglomerates in the Empire of Japan, whose influence and size allowed control over significant parts of the Japanese economy from the Meiji period until the end of World War II.
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1943 Cairo Declaration
The Cairo Declaration was the outcome of the Cairo Conference in Cairo, Egypt, on November 27, 1943.
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Redirects here:
Class A War Criminal, Class A war criminal, Class A war criminals, Class-A war criminal, IMFTE, IMT-FE, IMTFE, International Military Tribunal of the Far East, Military Tribunal for the Far East, Sugamo lynch, The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, The Tokyo Trial, Tokyo Trial, Tokyo Trials, Tokyo Tribunal, Tokyo War Crime Trial, Tokyo War Crimes Trials, Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, Tokyo War Crimes tribunals, Tokyo executions, Tokyo military trial, Tokyo military tribunal, Tokyo trials, Tokyo tribunal, Tokyo war crime, Tokyo war crime tribunal, Tokyo war crimes, Tokyo war crimes trial, Tokyo war crimes trials, Tokyo war trial, Tokyo war tribunal, Tribunal for the Far East.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East
