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261 relations: Aboriginal title, Accordion, Added value, Agriculture, Akitsiraq Law School, Alaska Native religion, Alfred Wegener, Algonquian languages, All-terrain vehicle, Alootook Ipellie, Amauti, Amenorrhea, Angakkuq, Anglicanism, Animism, Archaeology, Arctic, Arctic char, Arctic Co-operatives Limited, Arctic fox, Arctic Ocean, Arctic policy of Canada, Arctic small tool tradition, Arranged marriage, Arviat, Assemblage (archaeology), Association football, Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner, Aurora, Aurora College, Île-de-France (Greenland), Bachelor of Education, Baffin Island, Baker Lake, Nunavut, Beluga whale, Bering Strait, Birnirk culture, Blubber, Bow drill, Calliergon giganteum, Cambridge Bay, Canada 2016 Census, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Canadian Indian residential school system, Cape Dorset, Cape Fullerton, Catholic Church, Chantrey Inlet, Charlie Panigoniak, Chesterfield Inlet, ..., Child marriage, Christian mission, Chugach, Chukchi people, Churchill, Manitoba, Coats Island, Cold War, Coleman Company, Commissioner of Nunavut, Consensus government in Canada, Cooperative, Cree language, Cultural identity, Diamond Jenness, Disc number, Disko Bay, Dissolution of the Soviet Union, Distant Early Warning Line, District of Ungava, Dog sled, Dorset culture, Driftwood, Ellesmere Island, Episiotomy, Eskimo, Eskimo (film), Exonym and endonym, Fiddle, First Nations, Fishing weir, Food security, Gasoline, Gjøa, Graphics, Greenland, Handbook of North American Indians, Head pull, Herschel Island, High Arctic relocation, Higher education in Nunavut, History of whaling, Homeopathy, Hudson Bay, Hudson's Bay Company, Iceland, Igloo, Inbreeding, Independence Fjord, Independence I culture, Independence II culture, Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada, Indigenous peoples, Indigenous peoples in Canada, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Infant mortality, Inuinnaqtun, Inuit, Inuit art, Inuit Circumpolar Council, Inuit cuisine, Inuit languages, Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit, Inuit religion, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, Inuit throat singing, Inuit women, Inuksuk, Inuktitut, Inuvialuit, Inuvialuit Settlement Region, Inuvik, Ipiutak Site, Iqaluit, Ivory, James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, Joseph-Armand Bombardier, Kativik Regional Government, Kayak, Kikkik, Kitikmeot Region, Kivalliq Region, Knud Rasmussen, Kudlik, Labrador, List of Indian residential schools in Canada, Lists of Inuit, Little Ice Age, Lucie Idlout, Mackenzie River, Makivik Corporation, Marble, Masks among Eskimo peoples, Métis in Canada, Meconium, Menarche, Menstruation, Michael Kusugak, Midwife, Minik Wallace, Mukluk, Muktuk, Mummy, Muskox, Nanook of the North, Naphtha, Narwhal, Naujaat, Nellie Cournoyea, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nomad, Non-fiction, Non-partisan democracy, North Slope Borough, Alaska, Northern Canada, Northwest Passage, Northwest Territories, Norton tradition, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut, Nunavut Arctic College, Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, Nunavut Teacher Education Program, Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated, Paleo-Arctic Tradition, Paleo-Eskimo, Pangnirtung, Perineal tear, Permafrost, Permanent Court of International Justice, Peter Freuchen, Peter Irniq, Peter Ittinuar, Pharmacology, Pinniped, Polaris Industries, Poliomyelitis, Polyandry, Polygamy, Polygyny, Population bottleneck, Population decline, Portable stove, Pre-Dorset, Puvirnituq, Qaanaaq, Qarmaq, Qikiqtaaluk Region, Qilakitsoq, Quarantine, Quebec, Rankin Inlet, Reindeer, Roald Amundsen, Robert J. Flaherty, Sadlermiut, Sanitary napkin, Saqqaq, Saqqaq culture, Sculpture, Serpentinite, Sexual division of labour, Sexually transmitted infection, Shamanism, Siberia, Sin, Siqqitiq, Ski-Doo, Smallpox, Smithsonian Institution, Snowmobile, Soapstone, Sod, Southampton Island, Square dance, String figure, Susan Aglukark, Tanya Tagaq, Tapestry, Thule people, Trading post, Traditional knowledge, Trapping, Trial at Fortitude Bay, Tuberculosis, Tundra, Tunu, Tupilaq, Ulu, Umiak, University of Manitoba, University of Toronto, Vaccine, Vic Sarin, Victoria Island (Canada), Vikings, Vitamin C, W. S. Van Dyke, Wager Bay, Walrus, Walrus Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut), Werner Forman, Whale, Whale oil, Whaler, Whaling, Widow inheritance, Yamaha Motor Company, Yellowknife, Yukon, Zacharias Kunuk. Expand index (211 more) »
Aboriginal title
Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism.
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Accordion
Accordions (from 19th-century German Akkordeon, from Akkord—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type, colloquially referred to as a squeezebox.
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Added value
Added value in financial analysis of shares is to be distinguished from value added.
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Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of land and breeding of animals and plants to provide food, fiber, medicinal plants and other products to sustain and enhance life.
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Akitsiraq Law School
Akitsiraq Law School is a legal education program designed to increase the number of lawyers in Nunavut and the Canadian Arctic, including a program leading to a Bachelor of Laws Degree (LL.B) in Iqaluit, Nunavut.
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Alaska Native religion
Traditional Alaskan Native religion involves mediation between people and spirits, souls, and other immortal beings.
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Alfred Wegener
Alfred Lothar Wegener (–) was a German polar researcher, geophysicist and meteorologist.
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Algonquian languages
The Algonquian languages (or; also Algonkian) are a subfamily of Native American languages which includes most of the languages in the Algic language family.
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All-terrain vehicle
An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a quad, quad bike, three-wheeler, four-wheeler or quadricycle as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control.
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Alootook Ipellie
Alootook Ipellie (1951 – September 8, 2007) was an accomplished Inuit graphic artist, political and satirical cartoonist and writer, photographer, and Inuktitut translator.
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Amauti
The amauti (also amaut or amautik, plural amautiit) is the parka worn by Inuit women of the eastern Canadian arctic.
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Amenorrhea
Amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age.
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Angakkuq
The angakkuq (plural; angakuit, ᐊᖓᑦᑯᖅ, pl. angakkuit; Inuvialuktun: angatkuq; angakok, pl. angákut) is the intellectual and spiritual figure among the Inuit who corresponds to a medicine man.
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Anglicanism
Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.
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Animism
Animism (from Latin anima, "breath, spirit, life") is the religious belief that objects, places and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
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Archaeology
Archaeology, or archeology, is the study of humanactivity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.
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Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
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Arctic char
Arctic char or Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes and arctic and subarctic coastal waters.
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Arctic Co-operatives Limited
Arctic Co-operatives Limited is a cooperative federation owned and controlled by 32 community-based cooperative business enterprises located in Nunavut, Northwest Territories, Yukon and northern Manitoba, Canada.
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Arctic fox
The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), also known as the white fox, polar fox, or snow fox, is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome.
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Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.
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Arctic policy of Canada
The Arctic policy of Canada includes both the foreign policy of Canada in regard to the Arctic region and Canada's domestic policy towards its Arctic territories.
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Arctic small tool tradition
The Arctic Small Tool tradition (ASTt) was a broad cultural entity that developed along the Alaska Peninsula, around Bristol Bay, and on the eastern shores of the Bering Strait around 2500 BC.
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Arranged marriage
Arranged marriage is a type of marital union where the bride and groom are selected by individuals other than the couple themselves, particularly family members, such as the parents.
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Arviat
Arviat (syllabics: ᐊᕐᕕᐊᑦ; formerly called Eskimo Point until 1 June 1989) (2016 population 2,657; Population Centre 2,514) is a predominantly Inuit hamlet located on the western shore of Hudson Bay in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Assemblage (archaeology)
An assemblage is an archaeological term meaning a group of different artifacts found in association with one another, that is, in the same context.
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Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.
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Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner
Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner (ᐊᑕᓈᕐᔪᐊᑦ) is a 2001 Canadian epic film directed by Inuit filmmaker Zacharias Kunuk and produced by his company Isuma Igloolik Productions.
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Aurora
An aurora (plural: auroras or aurorae), sometimes referred to as polar lights, northern lights (aurora borealis) or southern lights (aurora australis), is a natural light display in the Earth's sky, predominantly seen in the high-latitude regions (around the Arctic and Antarctic).
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Aurora College
Aurora College, formerly Arctic College, is a college in the Northwest Territories, Canada with campuses in Inuvik, Fort Smith and Yellowknife.
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Île-de-France (Greenland)
Île-de-France is an uninhabited island of the Greenland Sea, Greenland.
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Bachelor of Education
A Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) is a graduate professional degree which prepares students for work as a teacher in schools, though in some countries additional work must be done in order for the student to be fully qualified to teach.
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Baffin Island
Baffin Island (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ, Qikiqtaaluk, Île de Baffin or Terre de Baffin), in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, is the largest island in Canada and the fifth largest island in the world.
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Baker Lake, Nunavut
Baker Lake (Inuktitut syllabics: ᖃᒪᓂᑦᑐᐊᖅ, big lake joined by a river at both ends, Inuktitut: Qamani'tuaq, where the river widens) is a hamlet in the Kivalliq Region, in Nunavut on mainland Canada.
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Beluga whale
The beluga whale or white whale (Delphinapterus leucas) is an Arctic and sub-Arctic cetacean.
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Bering Strait
The Bering Strait (Берингов пролив, Beringov proliv, Yupik: Imakpik) is a strait of the Pacific, which borders with the Arctic to north.
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Birnirk culture
The Birnirk culture was a prehistoric Inuit culture of the north coast of Alaska, dating from the sixth century A.D. to the twelfth century A.D. The Birnirk culture first appeared on the American side of the Bering Strait, descending from the Old Bering Sea/Okvik culture and preceding the Thule culture; it is distinguished by its advanced harpoon and marine technology.
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Blubber
Blubber is a thick layer of vascularized adipose tissue under the skin of all cetaceans, pinnipeds and sirenians.
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Bow drill
The bow drill is a prehistoric form of drilling tool.
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Calliergon giganteum
Calliergon giganteum, the giant spearmoss, giant calliergon moss, or arctic moss, is an aquatic plant found on lake beds in tundra regions.
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Cambridge Bay
Cambridge Bay (Inuinnaqtun: Iqaluktuuttiaq Inuktitut: ᐃᖃᓗᒃᑑᑦᑎᐊᖅ; 2016 population 1,766; population centre 1,619) is a hamlet located on Victoria Island in the Kitikmeot Region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Canada 2016 Census
The Canada 2016 Census is the most recent detailed enumeration of the Canadian residents, which counted a population of 35,151,728, a change from its 2011 population of 33,476,688.
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Canadian Arctic Archipelago
The Canadian Arctic Archipelago, also known as the Arctic Archipelago, is a group of islands north of the Canadian mainland.
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Canadian Indian residential school system
In Canada, the Indian residential school system was a network of boarding schools for Indigenous peoples.
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Cape Dorset
Cape Dorset (Inuktitut: Kinngait (meaning "high mountain"); Syllabics: ᑭᙵᐃᑦ) is an Inuit hamlet located on Dorset Island near Foxe Peninsula at the southern tip of Baffin Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Cape Fullerton
Cape Fullerton (Qatiktalik in Inuktitut) is a cape and peninsula in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, Canada located on the northwest shores of Hudson Bay on Roes Welcome Sound and includes Fullerton Harbour.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Chantrey Inlet
Chantrey Inlet (Tariunnuaq) is a bay on the Arctic coast of Canada.
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Charlie Panigoniak
Charlie Panigoniak (ᓵᓕ ᐸᓂᒍᓂᐊᖅ, born 7 March 1946 in Chesterfield Inlet, Northwest Territories in what is now Nunavut, Canada) is an Inuk singer-songwriter and guitarist whose albums reflect on northern life.
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Chesterfield Inlet
Chesterfield Inlet (Inuit: Igluligaarjuk) is an inlet in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada.
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Child marriage
Child marriage is a formal marriage or informal union entered into by an individual before reaching a certain age, specified by several global organizations such as UNICEF as minors under the age of 18.
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Christian mission
A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity.
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Chugach
Chugach, Chugach Sugpiaq or Chugachigmiut is the name of an Alaska Native people in the region of the Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound on the southern coast of Alaska.
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Chukchi people
The Chukchi, or Chukchee (Чукчи, sg. Чукча), are an indigenous people inhabiting the Chukchi Peninsula and the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean within the Russian Federation.
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Churchill, Manitoba
Churchill (ᑯᒡᔪᐊᖅ, Kuugjuaq) is a town in northern Manitoba, Canada on the west shore of Hudson Bay, roughly from the Manitoba–Nunavut border.
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Coats Island
Coats Island (Inuktitut: Akpatordjuark) lies at the northern end of Hudson Bay in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut.
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Cold War
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others).
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Coleman Company
Coleman Company, Inc., is an American company that specializes in outdoor recreation products, especially camping gear.
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Commissioner of Nunavut
The Commissioner of Nunavut (ᑲᒥᓯᓇ ᓄᓇᕗᒧᑦ; Inuinnaqtun: Kamisinauyuq Nunavunmut; Commissaire du Nunavut) is the Government of Canada's representative in the territory of Nunavut.
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Consensus government in Canada
Consensus government is a form of consensus democracy government in Canada used in two of Canada's three federal territories (Northwest Territories and Nunavut) as well as in Nunatsiavut, an autonomous area in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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Cooperative
A cooperative (also known as co-operative, co-op, or coop) is "an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social, and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically-controlled enterprise".
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Cree language
Cree (also known as Cree–Montagnais–Naskapi) is a dialect continuum of Algonquian languages spoken by approximately 117,000 people across Canada, from the Northwest Territories to Alberta to Labrador.
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Cultural identity
Cultural identity is the identity or feeling of belonging to a group.
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Diamond Jenness
Diamond Jenness, (February 10, 1886, Wellington, New Zealand – November 29, 1969, Chelsea, Quebec, Canada) was one of Canada's greatest early scientists and a pioneer of Canadian anthropology.
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Disc number
Disc numbers, or ujamiit or ujamik in the Inuit language, were used by the Government of Canada in lieu of surnames for the Inuit and were similar to dog-tags.
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Disko Bay
Disko Bay (Qeqertarsuup tunua; DiskobugtenChristensen, N.O. & al. "". Arctic Circular, Vol. 4 (1951), pp. 83–85. Op. cit. "Northern News". Arctic, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mar 1952), pp. 58–59.) is a bay on the western coast of Greenland.
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on December 26, 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Soviet Union.
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Distant Early Warning Line
The Distant Early Warning Line, also known as the DEW Line or Early Warning Line, was a system of radar stations in the far northern Arctic region of Canada, with additional stations along the North Coast and Aleutian Islands of Alaska, in addition to the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Iceland.
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District of Ungava
The District of Ungava was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories from 1895 to 1920, although it effectively ceased operation in 1912.
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Dog sled
A dog sled or dog sleigh is a sled pulled by one or more sled dogs used to travel over ice and through snow.
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Dorset culture
The Dorset was a Paleo-Eskimo culture, lasting from 500 BC to between 1000 and 1500 AD, that followed the Pre-Dorset and preceded the Inuit in the Arctic of North America.
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Driftwood
Driftwood is wood that has been washed onto a shore or beach of a sea, lake, or river by the action of winds, tides or waves.
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Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island (Inuit: Umingmak Nuna, meaning "land of muskoxen"; Île d'Ellesmere) is part of the Qikiqtaaluk Region in the Canadian territory of Nunavut.
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Episiotomy
Episiotomy, also known as perineotomy, is a surgical incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall generally done by a midwife or obstetrician.
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Eskimo
Eskimo is an English term for the indigenous peoples who have traditionally inhabited the northern circumpolar region from eastern Siberia (Russia) to across Alaska (of the United States), Canada, and Greenland.
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Eskimo (film)
Eskimo (also known as Mala the Magnificent and Eskimo Wife-Traders) is a 1933 American Pre-Code drama film directed by W. S. Van Dyke and released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM).
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Exonym and endonym
An exonym or xenonym is an external name for a geographical place, or a group of people, an individual person, or a language or dialect.
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Fiddle
A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.
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First Nations
In Canada, the First Nations (Premières Nations) are the predominant indigenous peoples in Canada south of the Arctic Circle.
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Fishing weir
A fishing weir, fish weir, fishgarth or kiddle is an obstruction placed in tidal waters, or wholly or partially across a river, to direct the passage of, or trap fish.
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Food security
Food security is a condition related to the availability of food supply, group of people such as (ethnicities, racial, cultural and religious groups) as well as individuals' access to it.
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Gasoline
Gasoline (American English), or petrol (British English), is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in spark-ignited internal combustion engines.
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Gjøa
Gjøa was the first vessel to transit the Northwest Passage.
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Graphics
Graphics (from Greek γραφικός graphikos, "belonging to drawing") are visual images or designs on some surface, such as a wall, canvas, screen, paper, or stone to inform, illustrate, or entertain.
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Handbook of North American Indians
The Handbook of North American Indians is a monographic series of edited scholarly and reference volumes in Americanist studies, published by the Smithsonian Institution beginning in 1978.
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Head pull
Head pull is an Inuit game where two people lie belly down on the ground, pull each other’s heads, and try to move the opponent across a line.
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Herschel Island
Herschel Island (Inuit: Qikiqtaruk) is an island in the Beaufort Sea (part of the Arctic Ocean), which lies off the coast of Yukon in Canada, of which it is administratively a part.
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High Arctic relocation
The High Arctic relocation (French: La délocalisation du Haut-Arctique, Inuktitut: ᖁᑦᑎᒃᑐᒥᐅᑦᑕ ᓅᑕᐅᓂᖏᑦ Quttiktumut nuutauningitᕉᒪᓂ ᒪᒃᑭᒃ Romani Makkik (2009),, ᓇᓃᓕᖅᐱᑕ Naniiliqpita, fall 2009) took place during the Cold War in the 1950s, when 87 Inuit were moved by the Government of Canada to the High Arctic.
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Higher education in Nunavut
Higher education in Nunavut allows residents of this Canadian Arctic territory access to specialized training provided at post-secondary institutions.
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History of whaling
This article discusses the history of whaling from prehistoric times up to the commencement of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium on commercial whaling in 1986.
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Homeopathy
Homeopathy or homœopathy is a system of alternative medicine developed in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, based on his doctrine of like cures like (similia similibus curentur), a claim that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people would cure similar symptoms in sick people.
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Hudson Bay
Hudson Bay (Inuktitut: Kangiqsualuk ilua, baie d'Hudson) (sometimes called Hudson's Bay, usually historically) is a large body of saltwater in northeastern Canada with a surface area of.
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Hudson's Bay Company
The Hudson's Bay Company (HBC; Compagnie de la Baie d'Hudson) is a Canadian retail business group.
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Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.
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Igloo
An igloo (Inuit languages: iglu, Inuktitut syllabics ᐃᒡᓗ (plural: igluit ᐃᒡᓗᐃᑦ)), also known as a snow house or snow hut, is a type of shelter built of snow, typically built when the snow can be easily compacted.
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Inbreeding
Inbreeding is the production of offspring from the mating or breeding of individuals or organisms that are closely related genetically.
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Independence Fjord
Independence Fjord or Independence Sound is a large fjord or sound in the eastern part of northern Greenland.
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Independence I culture
Independence I was a culture of Paleo-Eskimos who lived in northern Greenland and the Canadian Arctic between 2400 and 1000 BC.
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Independence II culture
Independence II was a Paleo-Eskimo culture that flourished in northern and northeastern Greenland from around 700 to 80 BC, north and south of the Independence Fjord.
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Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada
The Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND), referred to by its applied title under the Federal Identity Program as Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC), (Affaires autochtones et du Nord Canada), is the department of the government of Canada with responsibility for policies relating to Aboriginal peoples in Canada, that comprise the First Nations, Inuit, and Métis.
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Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.
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Indigenous peoples in Canada
Indigenous peoples in Canada, also known as Native Canadians or Aboriginal Canadians, are the indigenous peoples within the boundaries of present-day Canada.
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Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.
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Infant mortality
Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.
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Inuinnaqtun
Inuinnaqtun (natively meaning like the real human beings/peoples), is an indigenous Inuit language of Canada and a dialect of Inuvialuktun.
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Inuit
The Inuit (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ, "the people") are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Greenland, Canada and Alaska.
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Inuit art
Inuit art refers to artwork produced by Inuit people, that is, the people of the Arctic previously known as Eskimos, a term that is now often considered offensive outside Alaska.
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Inuit Circumpolar Council
The Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC) (Inuit Issittormiut Siunnersuisoqatigiifiat), formerly Inuit Circumpolar Conference, is a multinational non-governmental organization (NGO) and Indigenous Peoples' Organization (IPO) representing the 160,000 Inuit (often referred to as Eskimo) people living in Alaska (United States), Canada, Greenland (Denmark), and Chukotka (Russia).
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Inuit cuisine
Inuit consume a diet of foods that are fished, hunted, and gathered locally.
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Inuit languages
The Inuit languages are a closely related group of indigenous American languages traditionally spoken across the North American Arctic and to some extent in the subarctic in Labrador.
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Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit
Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᑦ; sometimes Inuit Qaujimanituqangit - ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᓂᑐᖃᖏᑦ) is an Inuktitut phrase that is often translated as "Inuit traditional knowledge", "Inuit traditional institutions" or even "Inuit traditional technology".
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Inuit religion
Inuit religion is the shared spiritual beliefs and practices of Inuit, an indigenous people from Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.
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Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ, literally "Inuit United with Canada") is a nonprofit organization in Canada that represents over 60,000 Inuit.
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Inuit throat singing
Inuit throat singing, or katajjaq, is a form of musical performance uniquely found among the Inuit.
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Inuit women
The Inuit are the most widespread and perhaps the best known aboriginal people on earth.
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Inuksuk
An inuksuk (plural inuksuit) (from the Inuktitut: ᐃᓄᒃᓱᒃ, plural ᐃᓄᒃᓱᐃᑦ; alternatively inukhuk in Inuinnaqtun, iñuksuk in Iñupiaq, inussuk in Greenlandic or inukshuk in English) is a human-made stone landmark or cairn used by the Inuit, Iñupiat, Kalaallit, Yupik, and other peoples of the Arctic region of North America.
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Inuktitut
Inuktitut (syllabics ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ; from inuk, "person" + -titut, "like", "in the manner of"), also Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada.
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Inuvialuit
The Inuvialuit (ɪnˈuviˌaluət) (sing. Inuvialuk; the real people) or Western Canadian Inuit are Inuit people who live in the western Canadian Arctic region.
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Inuvialuit Settlement Region
The Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), located in Canada’s western Arctic, was designated in 1984 in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement by the Government of Canada for the Inuvialuit people.
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Inuvik
Inuvik (place of man) is a town in the Northwest Territories of Canada and is the administrative centre for the Inuvik Region.
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Ipiutak Site
The Ipiutak Site is a large archaeological site at Point Hope in northwest Alaska, United States.
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Iqaluit
Iqaluit (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ), meaning "place of fish", is the capital of the Canadian territory of Nunavut; its largest community, and its only city.
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Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally elephants') and teeth of animals, that can be used in art or manufacturing.
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James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement
The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement is an Aboriginal land claim settlement, approved in 1975 by the Cree and Inuit of northern Quebec, and later slightly modified in 1978 by the Northeastern Quebec Agreement, through which Quebec's Naskapi First Nations joined the treaty.
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Joseph-Armand Bombardier
Joseph-Armand Bombardier (April 16, 1907 – February 18, 1964) was a French-Canadian inventor and businessman, and was the founder of Bombardier.
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Kativik Regional Government
The Kativik Regional Government (in French, Administration régionale Kativik) encompasses most of the Nunavik region of Quebec.
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Kayak
A kayak is a small, narrow watercraft which is propelled by means of a double-bladed paddle.
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Kikkik
Kikkik was an Inuit woman who in 1958 was charged with, but acquitted of, murder, child neglect and causing the death of one of her children.
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Kitikmeot Region
Kitikmeot Region (Inuktitut: Qitirmiut ᕿᑎᕐᒥᐅᑦ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Kivalliq Region
The Kivalliq Region (Inuktitut syllabics: ᑭᕙᓪᓕᖅ) is an administrative region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Knud Rasmussen
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (7 June 1879 – 21 December 1933) was a Greenlandic/Danish polar explorer and anthropologist.
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Kudlik
The qulliq (seal-oil, blubber or soapstone lamp, ᖁᓪᓕᖅ, ‘kudlik’; naniq), is the traditional oil lamp used by Arctic peoples, including the Inuit, the Chukchi and the Yupik peoples.
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Labrador
Labrador is the continental-mainland part of the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador.
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List of Indian residential schools in Canada
The following is a list of Canadian Indian residential schools The first residential schools were set up in the 1840s with the last residential school closing in 1996.
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Lists of Inuit
The Inuit (sometimes referred to as Eskimo) are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Alaska (United States), Greenland (Denmark), the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Nunavik (Quebec) and Nunatsiavut (Labrador), Canada.
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Little Ice Age
The Little Ice Age (LIA) was a period of cooling that occurred after the Medieval Warm Period.
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Lucie Idlout
Lucie Idlout (born Tatanniq Lucie d'Argencourt) is a Canadian singer/songwriter from Nunavut.
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Mackenzie River
The Mackenzie River (Slavey language: Deh-Cho, big river or Inuvialuktun: Kuukpak, great river; fleuve (de) Mackenzie) is the longest river system in Canada, and has the second largest drainage basin of any North American river after the Mississippi River.
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Makivik Corporation
Makivik Corporation (Inuktitut: Makivvik Kuapuriisat – ᒪᑭᕝᕕᒃ ᑯᐊᐳᕇᓴᑦ, Société Makivik) is the legal representative of Quebec's Inuit, established in 1978 under the terms of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, the agreement that established the institutions of Nunavik.
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Marble
Marble is a metamorphic rock composed of recrystallized carbonate minerals, most commonly calcite or dolomite.
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Masks among Eskimo peoples
Masks among Eskimo peoples served a variety of functions.
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Métis in Canada
The Métis in Canada are a group of peoples in Canada who trace their descent to First Nations peoples and European settlers.
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Meconium
Meconium is the earliest stool of a mammalian infant.
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Menarche
Menarche (Greek: μήν mēn "month" + ἀρχή arkhē "beginning") is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans.
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Menstruation
Menstruation, also known as a period or monthly, is the regular discharge of blood and mucosal tissue (known as menses) from the inner lining of the uterus through the vagina.
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Michael Kusugak
Michael Arvaarluk Kusugak (Inuktitut: ᐊᕐᕚᕐᓗᒃ ᑯᓱᒐᖅ); born April 27, 1948 in Repulse Bay, Nunavut (then the Northwest Territories), where he spent much of his childhood.
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Midwife
A midwife is a professional in midwifery, specializing in pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum, women's sexual and reproductive health (including annual gynecological exams, family planning, menopausal care and others), and newborn care.
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Minik Wallace
Minik Wallace (also called Minik or Mene) (ca. 1890 – October 29, 1918) was an Inuk brought as a child in 1897 from Greenland to New York City with his father and others by the explorer Robert Peary.
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Mukluk
Mukluks or Kamik (Inuktitut: ᑲᒥᒃ) (singular: ᑲᒪᒃ kamak, plural: ᑲᒦᑦ kamiit) are a soft boot, traditionally made of reindeer (caribou) skin or sealskin, and worn by Arctic aboriginal people, including the Inuit, Iñupiat, and Yupik.
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Muktuk
Muktuk is the traditional Inuit and Chukchi meal of frozen whale skin and blubber.
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Mummy
A mummy is a deceased human or an animal whose skin and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
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Muskox
The muskox (Ovibos moschatus), also spelled musk ox and musk-ox (in ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃ, umingmak), is an Arctic hoofed mammal of the family Bovidae, noted for its thick coat and for the strong odor emitted during the seasonal rut by males, from which its name derives.
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Nanook of the North
Nanook of the North (also known as Nanook of the North: A Story Of Life and Love In the Actual Arctic) is a 1922 American silent documentary film by Robert J. Flaherty, with elements of docudrama, at a time when the concept of separating films into documentary and drama did not yet exist.
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Naphtha
Naphtha is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.
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Narwhal
The narwhal (Monodon monoceros), or narwhale, is a medium-sized toothed whale that possesses a large "tusk" from a protruding canine tooth.
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Naujaat
Naujaat (ᓇᐅᔮᑦ literally "seagulls' nesting place"), known until 2 July 2015 as Repulse Bay, is an Inuit hamlet located on the shores of Hudson Bay, in the Kivalliq Region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Nellie Cournoyea
Nellie Cournoyea, OC (born March 4, 1940 in Aklavik, Northwest Territories) is a Canadian politician, who served as the sixth Premier of the Northwest Territories from 1991 to 1995.
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Newfoundland and Labrador
Newfoundland and Labrador (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador; Akamassiss; Newfoundland Irish: Talamh an Éisc agus Labradar) is the most easterly province of Canada.
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Nomad
A nomad (νομάς, nomas, plural tribe) is a member of a community of people who live in different locations, moving from one place to another in search of grasslands for their animals.
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Non-fiction
Non-fiction or nonfiction is content (sometimes, in the form of a story) whose creator, in good faith, assumes responsibility for the truth or accuracy of the events, people, or information presented.
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Non-partisan democracy
Nonpartisan democracy (also no-party democracy) is a system of representative government or organization such that universal and periodic elections take place without reference to political parties.
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North Slope Borough, Alaska
North Slope Borough, established in 1972, is a borough bounded on the south by the Brooks Range and located largely in the North Slope region of the U.S. state of Alaska.
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Northern Canada
Northern Canada, colloquially the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics.
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Northwest Passage
The Northwest Passage (abbreviated as NWP) is, from the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Northwest Territories
The Northwest Territories (NT or NWT; French: les Territoires du Nord-Ouest, TNO; Athabaskan languages: Denendeh; Inuinnaqtun: Nunatsiaq; Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᖅ) is a federal territory of Canada.
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Norton tradition
The Norton tradition is an archaeological culture that developed in the Western Arctic along the Alaskan shore of the Bering Strait around 1000 BC and lasted through about 800 AD.
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Nunatsiavut
Nunatsiavut is an autonomous area claimed by the Inuit in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
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Nunavik
Nunavik (ᓄᓇᕕᒃ) comprises the northern third of the province of Quebec, Canada in Kativik, part of the Nord-du-Québec region.
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Nunavut
Nunavut (Inuktitut syllabics ᓄᓇᕗᑦ) is the newest, largest, and northernmost territory of Canada.
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Nunavut Arctic College
Nunavut Arctic College (ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᓯᓚᑦᑐᖅᓴᕐᕕᒃ, Collège de l’Arctique du Nunavut, Inuinnaqtun: Nunavunmi Inirnirit Iliharviat) is a Crown corporation that is funded by the Government of Nunavut and has several campuses and centres spread out throughout Nunavut, Canada.
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Nunavut Land Claims Agreement
The Nunavut Land Claim Agreement was signed on May 25, 1993, in Iqaluit, by representatives of the Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut (now Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated), the Government of Canada and the Government of the Northwest Territories.
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Nunavut Teacher Education Program
The Nunavut Teacher Education Program (NTEP) is an important college/university program in the Eastern Arctic of Canada offered through Nunavut Arctic College.
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Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated
Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI; Inuktitut: Nunavut Tunngavik; Syllabics: ᓄᓇᕗᑦ ᑐᙵᕕᒃ) is the legal representative of the Inuit of Nunavut for the purposes of native treaty rights and treaty negotiation and one of the four regional members that make up the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami.
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Paleo-Arctic Tradition
The Paleo-Arctic Tradition is the name given by archaeologists to the cultural tradition of the earliest well-documented human occupants of the North American Arctic, which date from the period 8000–5000 BC.
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Paleo-Eskimo
The Paleo-Eskimo (also pre-Thule or pre-Inuit) were the peoples who inhabited the Arctic region from Chukotka (e.g., Chertov Ovrag) in present-day Russia across North America to Greenland prior to the arrival of the modern Inuit (Eskimo) and related cultures.
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Pangnirtung
Pangnirtung (or Pang, also Pangniqtuuq, in syllabics: ᐸᖕᓂᖅᑑᖅ) is an Inuit hamlet, Qikiqtaaluk Region, in the Canadian territory of Nunavut, located on Baffin Island.
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Perineal tear
A perineal tear is a laceration of the skin and other soft tissue structures which, in women, separate the vagina from the anus.
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Permafrost
In geology, permafrost is ground, including rock or (cryotic) soil, at or below the freezing point of water for two or more years.
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Permanent Court of International Justice
The Permanent Court of International Justice, often called the World Court, existed from 1922 to 1946.
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Peter Freuchen
Lorenz Peter Elfred Freuchen (February 2, 1886 – September 2, 1957) was a Danish explorer, author, journalist and anthropologist.
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Peter Irniq
Peter Taqtu Irniq (born February 1, 1947) is an Inuk politician in Canada, who served as the second Commissioner of Nunavut from April 2000 to April 2005.
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Peter Ittinuar
Peter Freuchen K. Ittinuar (Inuktitut: ᐲᑎᕐ ᐃᑦᑎᓄᐊᕐ; born January 19, 1950) is a Canadian politician.
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Pharmacology
Pharmacology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (from within body) molecule which exerts a biochemical or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism (sometimes the word pharmacon is used as a term to encompass these endogenous and exogenous bioactive species).
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Pinniped
Pinnipeds, commonly known as seals, are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous, fin-footed, semiaquatic marine mammals.
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Polaris Industries
Polaris Industries is an American manufacturer of snowmobiles, ATV, and neighborhood electric vehicles.
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Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or infantile paralysis, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus.
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Polyandry
Polyandry (from πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time.
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Polygamy
Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, polygamía, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.
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Polygyny
Polygyny (from Neoclassical Greek πολυγυνία from πολύ- poly- "many", and γυνή gyne "woman" or "wife") is the most common and accepted form of polygamy, entailing the marriage of a man with several women.
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Population bottleneck
A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).
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Population decline
A population decline (or depopulation) in humans is any great reduction in a human population caused by events such as long-term demographic trends, as in sub-replacement fertility, urban decay, white flight or rural flight, or due to violence, disease, or other catastrophes.
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Portable stove
A portable stove is a cooking stove specially designed to be portable and lightweight, used in camping, picnicking, backpacking, or other use in remote locations where an easily transportable means of cooking or heating is needed.
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Pre-Dorset
The Pre-Dorset is a loosely defined term for a Paleo-Eskimo culture or group of cultures that existed in the Eastern Canadian Arctic from c. 3200 to 850 cal BC, and preceded the Dorset culture.
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Puvirnituq
Puvirnituq (ᐳᕕᕐᓂᑐᖅ) is a northern village (Inuit community) in Nunavik on the Povungnituk River near its mouth on the Hudson Bay in northern Quebec, Canada.
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Qaanaaq
Qaanaaq, formerly Thule or New Thule, is the main town in the northern part of the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland.
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Qarmaq
Qarmaq (plural: "qarmat") is an Inuktitut term for a type of inter-seasonal, single-room family dwelling used by Inuit.
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Qikiqtaaluk Region
The Qikiqtaaluk Region, Qikiqtani Region (ᕿᑭᖅᑖᓗᒃ) or Baffin Region is the easternmost administrative region of Nunavut, Canada.
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Qilakitsoq
Qilakitsoq is an archaeological site on Nuussuaq Peninsula, on the shore of Uummannaq Fjord in northwestern Greenland.
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Quarantine
A quarantine is used to separate and restrict the movement of people; it is a 'a restraint upon the activities or communication of persons or the transport of goods designed to prevent the spread of disease or pests', for a certain period of time.
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Quebec
Quebec (Québec)According to the Canadian government, Québec (with the acute accent) is the official name in French and Quebec (without the accent) is the province's official name in English; the name is.
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Rankin Inlet
Rankin Inlet (Kangiqliniq; Inuktitut syllabics: ᑲᖏᕿᓂᖅ or Kangirliniq, ᑲᖏᖅᖠᓂᖅ, or Kangir&iniq meaning deep bay/inlet) is an Inuit hamlet on Kudlulik Peninsula in Nunavut, Canada.
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Reindeer
The reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), also known as the caribou in North America, is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, sub-Arctic, tundra, boreal and mountainous regions of northern Europe, Siberia and North America.
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Roald Amundsen
Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen (16 July 1872 – c. 18 June 1928) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions.
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Robert J. Flaherty
Robert Joseph Flaherty, (February 16, 1884 – July 23, 1951) was an American filmmaker who directed and produced the first commercially successful feature-length documentary film, Nanook of the North (1922).
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Sadlermiut
The Sadlermiut (also called Sagdlirmiut, or Sallirmiut in modern Inuktitut spelling, from Sadlerk now Salliq, the Inuktitut name for the settlement of Coral Harbour, Nunavut) were an Inuit group living in near isolation mainly on and around Coats Island, Walrus Island, and Southampton Island in Hudson Bay.
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Sanitary napkin
A sanitary napkin, sanitary towel, sanitary pad, menstrual pad, or pad is an absorbent item worn by women while menstruating, recovering from vaginal surgery, for lochia (post-birth bleeding), after an abortion, or in any other situation where it is necessary to absorb a flow of blood from the vagina.
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Saqqaq
Saqqaq (old spelling: Sarqaq) is a settlement in the Avannaata municipality in western Greenland.
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Saqqaq culture
The Saqqaq culture (named after the Saqqaq settlement, the site of many archaeological finds) was a Paleo-Eskimo culture in southern Greenland.
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Sculpture
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions.
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Serpentinite
Serpentinite is a rock composed of one or more serpentine group minerals, the name originating from the similarity of the texture of the rock to that of the skin of a snake.
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Sexual division of labour
The sexual division of labour (SDL) is the delegation of different tasks between males and females.
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Sexually transmitted infection
Sexually transmitted infections (STI), also referred to as sexually transmitted diseases (STD) or venereal diseases (VD), are infections that are commonly spread by sexual activity, especially vaginal intercourse, anal sex and oral sex.
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Shamanism
Shamanism is a practice that involves a practitioner reaching altered states of consciousness in order to perceive and interact with what they believe to be a spirit world and channel these transcendental energies into this world.
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Siberia
Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.
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Sin
In a religious context, sin is the act of transgression against divine law.
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Siqqitiq
Siqqitiq (meaning transforming one's life, more specifically adopting Christianity) is the ritual of converting Inuit with shamanist beliefs to Christianity.
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Ski-Doo
Ski-Doo is a brand name of snowmobile manufactured by Bombardier Recreational Products (originally Bombardier Inc. before the spin-off).
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Smallpox
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.
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Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.
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Snowmobile
A snowmobile, also known as a motor sled, motor sledge, or snowmachine, is a motorized vehicle designed for winter travel and recreation on snow.
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Soapstone
Soapstone (also known as steatite or soaprock) is a talc-schist, which is a type of metamorphic rock.
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Sod
Sod or turf is grass and the part of the soil beneath it held together by its roots or another piece of thin material.
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Southampton Island
Southampton Island (Inuktitut: Shugliaq) is a large island at the entrance to Hudson Bay at Foxe Basin.
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Square dance
A square dance is a dance for four couples (eight dancers in total) arranged in a square, with one couple on each side, facing the middle of the square.
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String figure
A string figure is a design formed by manipulating string on, around, and using one's fingers or sometimes between the fingers of multiple people.
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Susan Aglukark
Susan Aglukark, (Inuktitut syllabics: ᓲᓴᓐ ᐊᒡᓘᒃᑲᖅ suusan agluukkaq), (born 27 January 1967) is an Inuk musician whose blend of Inuit folk music traditions with country and pop songwriting has made her a major recording star in Canada.
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Tanya Tagaq
Tanya Tagaq (born Tanya Tagaq Gillis, May 5, 1975) is a Canadian (Inuk) throat singer from Cambridge Bay (Iqaluktuutiaq), Nunavut, Canada, on the south coast of Victoria Island.
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Tapestry
Tapestry is a form of textile art, traditionally woven on a vertical loom.
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Thule people
The Thule or proto-Inuit were the ancestors of all modern Inuit.
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Trading post
A trading post, trading station, or trading house was a place or establishment where the trading of goods took place; the term is generally used, in modern parlance, in reference to such establishments in historic Northern America, although the practice long predates that continent's colonization by Europeans.
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Traditional knowledge
The terms traditional knowledge, indigenous knowledge and local knowledge generally refer to knowledge systems embedded in the cultural traditions of regional, indigenous, or local communities.
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Trapping
Animal trapping, or simply trapping, is the use of a device to remotely catch an animal.
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Trial at Fortitude Bay
Trial at Fortitude Bay is a TV film released in 1994 and directed by Victor Sarin.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons.
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Tunu
Tunu, originally Østgrønland ("East Greenland"), was one of the three counties (amter) of Greenland until 31 December 2008.
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Tupilaq
In Greenlandic Inuit (Kalaallit) traditions, a tupilaq (tupilak, tupilait, or ᑐᐱᓚᒃ) was an avenging monster fabricated by a practitioner of witchcraft or shamanism by using various objects such as animal parts (bone, skin, hair, sinew, etc.) and even parts taken from the corpses of children.
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Ulu
An ulu (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐅᓗ, plural: uluit, English: "woman's knife") is an all-purpose knife traditionally used by Inuit, Yupik, and Aleut women.
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Umiak
The umiak, umialak, umiaq, umiac, oomiac, oomiak, ongiuk, or anyak is a type of open skin boat used by both Yupik and Inuit, and was originally found in all coastal areas from Siberia to Greenland.
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University of Manitoba
The University of Manitoba (U of M, UMN, or UMB) is a public university in the province of Manitoba, Canada.
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University of Toronto
The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.
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Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.
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Vic Sarin
Vic Sarin (born 1945) is an Indian-born Canadian/American film director, producer and screenwriter.
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Victoria Island (Canada)
Victoria Island (or Kitlineq) is a large island in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago that straddles the boundary between Nunavut and the Northwest Territories of Canada.
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Vikings
Vikings (Old English: wicing—"pirate", Danish and vikinger; Swedish and vikingar; víkingar, from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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W. S. Van Dyke
Woodbridge Strong “W.
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Wager Bay
Wager Bay or Ukkusiksalik Bay (previously: Wager River) is long narrow inlet in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, Canada which opens east into Roes Welcome Sound at the northwest end of Hudson Bay.
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Walrus
The walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) is a large flippered marine mammal with a discontinuous distribution about the North Pole in the Arctic Ocean and subarctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere.
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Walrus Island (Hudson Bay, Nunavut)
Walrus Island is one of the uninhabited Canadian arctic islands in Kivalliq Region, Nunavut.
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Werner Forman
Werner Forman (13 January 1921 in Prague – 13 February 2010 in London) was a Czech photographer.
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Whale
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.
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Whale oil
Whale oil is oil obtained from the blubber of whales.
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Whaler
A whaler or whaling ship is a specialized ship, designed for whaling: the catching or processing of whales.
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Whaling
Whaling is the hunting of whales for scientific research and their usable products like meat, oil and blubber.
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Widow inheritance
Widow inheritance (also known as bride inheritance) is a cultural and social practice whereby a widow is required to marry a male relative of her late husband, often his brother.
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Yamaha Motor Company
is a Japanese manufacturer of motorcycles, marine products such as boats and outboard motors, and other motorized products.
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Yellowknife
Yellowknife is the capital and only city, as well as the largest community, in the Northwest Territories (NT or NWT), Canada.
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Yukon
Yukon (also commonly called the Yukon) is the smallest and westernmost of Canada's three federal territories (the other two are the Northwest Territories and Nunavut).
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Zacharias Kunuk
Zacharias Kunuk (born November 27, 1957) is a Canadian Inuk producer and director most notable for his film Atanarjuat: The Fast Runner, the first Canadian dramatic feature film produced entirely in Inuktitut.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inuit_culture
