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Invasion of Poland

Index Invasion of Poland

The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, Polish Campaign, War of Poland of 1939, and Polish Defensive War of 1939 (1 September – 6 October 1939), was a joint attack on the Republic of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic, and the Soviet Union, which marked the beginning of World War II. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 427 relations: Adolf Hitler, Air supremacy, Aircraft, Airpower, Albert Forster, Alexander B. Rossino, Allies of World War II, Anglo-German Naval Agreement, Anglo-Polish alliance, Anti-aircraft warfare, Anti-Comintern Pact, Antoni Szylling, Army Group North, Army Group South, Arthur Greiser, Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Auschwitz concentration camp, Čadca, Český Těšín, Łódź, Łódź Army, B. H. Liddell Hart, Balance of power (international relations), Baltic Sea, Battle of Britain, Battle of France, Battle of Grodno (1939), Battle of Hel, Battle of Kępa Oksywska, Battle of Kock (1939), Battle of Modlin, Battle of Mokra, Battle of Szack, Battle of the Border, Battle of the Bzura, Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski, Battle of Tuchola Forest, Battle of Węgierska Górka, Battle of Westerplatte, Battles of Khalkhin Gol, Błonie, Belarus, Belarusians, Berlinka, Black-and-white, Blitzkrieg, Bohemia, Bolesławiec, Łódź Voivodeship, Bomber, Bombing of Warsaw in World War II, ... Expand index (377 more) »

  2. 1939 in Poland
  3. Invasions of Poland
  4. October 1939 events

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

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Air supremacy

Aerial supremacy (also known as air superiority) is the degree to which a side in a conflict holds control of air power over opposing forces.

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Aircraft

An aircraft (aircraft) is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air.

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Airpower

Airpower or air power consists of the application of military aviation, military strategy and strategic theory to the realm of aerial warfare and close air support.

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Albert Forster

Albert Maria Forster (26 July 1902 – 28 February 1952) was a Nazi German politician, member of the SS and war criminal.

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Alexander B. Rossino

Alexander Brian Rossino (born 1966) is an American historian and writer specializing in World War II in Poland and the American Civil War.

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Allies of World War II

The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.

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Anglo-German Naval Agreement

The Anglo-German Naval Agreement (AGNA) of 18 June 1935 was a naval agreement between the United Kingdom and Germany regulating the size of the Kriegsmarine in relation to the Royal Navy.

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Anglo-Polish alliance

The military alliance between the United Kingdom and Poland was formalised by the Anglo-Polish Agreement in 1939, with subsequent addenda of 1940 and 1944, for mutual assistance in case of a military invasion from Nazi Germany, as specified in a secret protocol. Invasion of Poland and Anglo-Polish alliance are 1939 in Poland.

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Anti-aircraft warfare

Anti-aircraft warfare is the counter to aerial warfare and it includes "all measures designed to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of hostile air action" (NATO's definition).

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Anti-Comintern Pact

The Anti-Comintern Pact, officially the Agreement against the Communist International was an anti-Communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan on 25 November 1936 and was directed against the Communist International (Comintern).

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Antoni Szylling

Antoni Szylling (31 August 1884 – 17 June 1971) was a Polish general, considered, along with Generals Wiktor Thommée and Stanisław Maczek, to have been one of the most successful Polish Armed Forces commanders during the Invasion of Poland of 1939.

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Army Group North

Army Group North (Heeresgruppe Nord) was the name of three separate army groups of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Army Group South

Army Group South (Heeresgruppe Süd) was the name of one of three German Army Groups during World War II.

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Arthur Greiser

Arthur Karl Greiser (22 January 1897 – 21 July 1946) was a Nazi German politician, SS-Obergruppenführer, Gauleiter and Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of the German-occupied territory of Wartheland.

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Arthur Seyss-Inquart

Arthur Seyss-Inquart (Seyß-Inquart,; 22 July 1892 16 October 1946) was an Austrian Nazi politician who served as Chancellor of Austria in 1938 for two days before the Anschluss.

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Auschwitz concentration camp

Auschwitz concentration camp (also KL Auschwitz or KZ Auschwitz) was a complex of over 40 concentration and extermination camps operated by Nazi Germany in occupied Poland (in a portion annexed into Germany in 1939) during World War II and the Holocaust.

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Čadca

Čadca (until 1918 Čatca, Czača, Csaca, Czadca) is a district town in northern Slovakia, near the border with Poland and the Czech Republic.

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Český Těšín

Český Těšín (Czeski Cieszyn; Tschechisch-Teschen) is a town in Karviná District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Łódź

Łódź is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre.

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Łódź Army

Łódź Army (Armia Łódź) was one of the Polish armies of the Polish Armed Forces of the Second Polish Republic that took part in the Invasion of Poland of 1939.

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B. H. Liddell Hart

Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart, was a British soldier, military historian, and military theorist.

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Balance of power (international relations)

The balance of power theory in international relations suggests that states may secure their survival by preventing any one state from gaining enough military power to dominate all others.

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Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.

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Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain (Luftschlacht um England, "air battle for England") was a military campaign of the Second World War, in which the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Fleet Air Arm (FAA) of the Royal Navy defended the United Kingdom (UK) against large-scale attacks by Nazi Germany's air force, the Luftwaffe.

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Battle of France

The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used. Invasion of Poland and Battle of France are World War II invasions.

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Battle of Grodno (1939)

The Battle of Grodno took place between 20 September and 22 September 1939, during the Soviet invasion of Poland. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Grodno (1939) are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Hel

The Battle of Hel (Obrona Helu, literally "the Defense of Hel") was a World War II engagement fought from 1 September to 2 October 1939 on the Hel Peninsula, of the Baltic Sea coast, between invading German forces and defending Polish units during the German invasion of Poland (also known in Polish historiography as the September Campaign). Invasion of Poland and Battle of Hel are October 1939 events and September 1939 events.

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Battle of Kępa Oksywska

The Battle of Kępa Oksywska took place in the Oksywie Heights outside the Polish city of Gdynia between 10 and 19 September 1939. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Kępa Oksywska are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Kock (1939)

The Battle of Kock was the final battle in the invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II in Europe. Invasion of Poland and battle of Kock (1939) are October 1939 events.

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Battle of Modlin

The Battle of Modlin took place during the 1939 German invasion of Poland at the beginning of the Second World War. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Modlin are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Mokra

The Battle of Mokra took place on 1 September 1939 near the village of Mokra, 5 km north of Kłobuck and 23 km north-west of Częstochowa, Poland. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Mokra are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Szack

Battle of Szack (Shatsk) was one of the battles between the Polish Army and the Red Army fought in 1939 in the beginning of the Second World War. Invasion of Poland and battle of Szack are September 1939 events.

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Battle of the Border

The Battle of the Border (Bitwa graniczna) refers to the battles that occurred in the first daysThe Battle of the Border began on 1 September, but sources vary with their assignment of an end date for this phase of the campaign. Invasion of Poland and battle of the Border are September 1939 events.

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Battle of the Bzura

The Battle of the Bzura (or the Battle of Kutno) was both the largest battle and Polish counter-attack of the German invasion of Poland and was fought from 9 to 19 September. Invasion of Poland and battle of the Bzura are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski

The Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski took place from 18 September to 20 September 1939 near the town of Tomaszów Lubelski. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Tuchola Forest

The Battle of Tuchola Forest (Schlacht in der Tucheler Heide, Bitwa w Borach Tucholskich) was one of the first battles of World War II, during the invasion of Poland. Invasion of Poland and battle of Tuchola Forest are 1939 in Poland, conflicts in 1939 and September 1939 events.

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Battle of Węgierska Górka

The Battle of Węgierska Górka was a two-day-long defence of a Polish fortified area in south of Żywiec Region (Lesser Poland) during the opening stages of the Invasion of Poland of 1939. Invasion of Poland and Battle of Węgierska Górka are September 1939 events.

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Battle of Westerplatte

The Battle of Westerplatte was the first battle of the German invasion of Poland, marking the start of World War II in Europe. Invasion of Poland and battle of Westerplatte are 1939 in Poland and September 1939 events.

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Battles of Khalkhin Gol

The Battles of Khalkhin Gol (Бои на Халхин-Голе; Халхын голын байлдаан) were the decisive engagements of the undeclared Soviet–Japanese border conflicts involving the Soviet Union, Mongolia, Japan and Manchukuo in 1939. Invasion of Poland and Battles of Khalkhin Gol are conflicts in 1939.

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Błonie

Błonie is a town in Warsaw West County, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland, with a population of 12,058 as of December 2021.

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Belarus

Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe.

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Belarusians

Belarusians (biełarusy) are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Belarus.

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Berlinka

Berlinka (Берлинка) is the informal Polish and Russian name given to sections of the unfinished Reichsautobahn Berlin-Königsberg, which was a pre-World War II German Reichsautobahn project to connect Berlin with Königsberg in East Prussia.

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Black-and-white

Black-and-white (B&W or B/W) images combine black and white to produce a range of achromatic brightnesses of grey.

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Blitzkrieg

Blitzkrieg (from Blitz "lightning" + Krieg "war") or Bewegungskrieg is a word used to describe a combined arms surprise attack using a rapid, overwhelming force concentration that may consist of armored and motorized or mechanized infantry formations; together with artillery, air assault, and close air support; with intent to break through the opponent's lines of defense, dislocate the defenders, unbalance the enemies by making it difficult to respond to the continuously changing front, and defeat them in a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht: a battle of annihilation.

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Bohemia

Bohemia (Čechy; Böhmen; Čěska; Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic.

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Bolesławiec, Łódź Voivodeship

Bolesławiec is a town in Wieruszów County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland.

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Bomber

A bomber is a military combat aircraft that utilizes air-to-ground weaponry to drop bombs, launch torpedoes, or deploy air-launched cruise missiles.

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Bombing of Warsaw in World War II

The bombing of Warsaw in World War II started with the aerial bombing campaign of Warsaw by the German Luftwaffe during the siege of Warsaw in the invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Bombing of Wieluń

The bombing of Wieluń is considered by many to be the first major act of World War II, and the September Campaign. Invasion of Poland and bombing of Wieluń are September 1939 events.

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Border Protection Corps

The Border Protection Corps (Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza, KOP) was a military formation of the Second Polish Republic that was created in 1924 to defend the country's eastern borders against armed Soviet incursions and local bandits.

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Brest, Belarus

Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk and Brest-on-the-Bug, is a city in Belarus at the border with Poland opposite the Polish town of Terespol, where the Bug and Mukhavets rivers meet, making it a border town.

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Brigade

A brigade is a major tactical military formation that typically comprises three to six battalions plus supporting elements.

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British Expeditionary Force (World War II)

The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the contingent of the British Army sent to France in 1939 after Britain and France declared war on Nazi Germany on 3 September, beginning the Second World War.

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Brute Force (Ellis book)

Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War (published 1990) is a book by the historian John Ellis that concludes that the Allied Forces won World War II not by the skill of their leaders, war planners and commanders in the field, but by brute force, which he describes as advantages in firepower and logistics.

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Bug (river)

The Bug or Western Bug is a major river in Central Europe that flows through Belarus (border), Poland, and Ukraine, with a total length of.

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Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (BSSR or Byelorussian SSR; Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка; Белорусская Советская Социалистическая Республика), also known as Byelorussia, was a republic of the Soviet Union (USSR).

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Bzura

The Bzura is a river in central Poland.

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Carpathian Army

Karpaty Army (Carpathian Army) was formed on 11 July 1939 under Major General Kazimierz Fabrycy after Nazi Germany created a puppet state of Slovakia and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was proclaimed after the events that lead to the breakup of Czechoslovakia.

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Carpathian Mountains

The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe and Southeast Europe.

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Casus belli

A casus belli is an act or an event that either provokes or is used to justify a war.

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Cavalry

Historically, cavalry (from the French word cavalerie, itself derived from cheval meaning "horse") are soldiers or warriors who fight mounted on horseback.

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Central Industrial Region (Poland)

The Central Industrial District (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy, abbreviated COP), is an industrial region in Poland.

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Chief of Civil Administration

Chief of Civil Administration ('Chef der Zivilverwaltung, CdZ') was an office introduced in Nazi Germany, operational during World War II.

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Ciechanów

Ciechanów is a city in north-central Poland.

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Client state

In the field of international relations, a client state, is a state that is economically, politically, and militarily subordinated to a more powerful controlling state.

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Commander-in-chief

A commander-in-chief or supreme commander is the person who exercises supreme command and control over an armed force or a military branch.

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Convoy

A convoy is a group of vehicles, typically motor vehicles or ships, traveling together for mutual support and protection.

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Counterattack

A counterattack is a tactic employed in response to an attack, with the term originating in "war games".

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Covenant of the League of Nations

The Covenant of the League of Nations was the charter of the League of Nations.

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Curzon Line

The Curzon Line was a proposed demarcation line between the Second Polish Republic and the Soviet Union, two new states emerging after World War I. Based on a suggestion by Herbert James Paton, it was first proposed in 1919 by Lord Curzon, the British Foreign Secretary, to the Supreme War Council as a diplomatic basis for a future border agreement.

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Danish straits

The Danish straits are the straits connecting the Baltic Sea to the North Sea through the Kattegat and Skagerrak.

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Declaration of war

A declaration of war is a formal act by which one state announces existing or impending war activity against another.

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Defense line

A defense line or fortification line is a geographically recognizable line of troops and armament, fortified and set up to protect a high-value location or defend territory.

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Defensive war

A defensive war (pages) is one of the causes that justify war by the criteria of the Just War tradition.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a territory.

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Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable, long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy, or carrier battle group and defend them against a wide range of general threats.

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Dive bomber

A dive bomber is a bomber aircraft that dives directly at its targets in order to provide greater accuracy for the bomb it drops.

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Dniester

The Dniester is a transboundary river in Eastern Europe.

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Dornier Do 17

The Dornier Do 17 is a twin-engined light bomber produced by Dornier Flugzeugwerke for the German Luftwaffe during World War II.

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East Prussia

East Prussia was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1772 to 1829 and again from 1878 (with the Kingdom itself being part of the German Empire from 1871); following World War I it formed part of the Weimar Republic's Free State of Prussia, until 1945.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front, also known as the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union and its successor states, and the German–Soviet War in contemporary German and Ukrainian historiographies, was a theatre of World War II fought between the European Axis powers and Allies, including the Soviet Union (USSR) and Poland.

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Edward Bernard Raczyński

Count Edward Bernard Raczyński (19 December 1891 – 30 July 1993) was a Polish diplomat, writer, politician, President of Poland-in-exile (between 1979 and 1986).

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Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Marshal Edward Rydz-Śmigły also called Edward Śmigły-Rydz, (11 March 1886 – 2 December 1941) was a Polish politician, statesman, Marshal of Poland and Commander-in-Chief of Poland's armed forces, as well as a painter and poet.

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Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax

Edward Frederick Lindley Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, (16 April 1881 – 23 December 1959), known as the Lord Irwin from 1925 until 1934 and the Viscount Halifax from 1934 until 1944, was a senior British Conservative politician of the 1930s.

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Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen (also 'task forces') were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass murder, primarily by shooting, during World War II (1939–1945) in German-occupied Europe.

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Emil Hácha

Emil Dominik Josef Hácha (12 July 1872 – 27 June 1945) was a Czech lawyer, the president of Czechoslovakia from November 1938 to March 1939.

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Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski

Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski also known as Emil Karol Przedrzymirski de Krukowicz (1886-1957) was a Polish general.

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Encirclement

Encirclement is a military term for the situation when a force or target is isolated and surrounded by enemy forces.

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Enclave and exclave

An enclave is a territory that is entirely surrounded by the territory of only one other state or entity.

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Ethnic cleansing

Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous.

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Europe-Asia Studies

Europe-Asia Studies is an academic peer-reviewed journal published 10 times a year by Routledge on behalf of the Institute of Central and East European Studies, University of Glasgow, and continuing (since vol. 45, 1993) the journal Soviet Studies (vols. 1–44, 1949–1992), which was renamed after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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European theatre of World War II

The European theatre of World War II was one of the two main theatres of combat during World War II.

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Extermination camp

Nazi Germany used six extermination camps (Vernichtungslager), also called death camps (Todeslager), or killing centers (Tötungszentren), in Central Europe during World War II to systematically murder over 2.7 million peoplemostly Jewsin the Holocaust.

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Extraterritoriality

In international law, extraterritoriality or exterritoriality is the state of being exempted from the jurisdiction of local law, usually as the result of diplomatic negotiations.

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Fairey Battle

The Fairey Battle is a British single-engine light bomber that was designed and manufactured by the Fairey Aviation Company.

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Fall Weiss (1939)

Fall Weiss ("Case White", "Plan White"; German spelling Fall Weiß) was the German strategic plan for the invasion of Poland.

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False flag

A false flag operation is an act committed with the intent of disguising the actual source of responsibility and pinning blame on another party.

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Fedor von Bock

Moritz Albrecht Franz Friedrich Fedor von Bock (3 December 1880 – 4 May 1945) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) who served in the German Army during the Second World War.

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Ferdinand Čatloš

Ferdinand Čatloš (October 7, 1895 – August 31, 1972), born Csatlós Nándor, was a Slovak military officer and politician.

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Field Army Bernolák

The Field Army Bernolák (Poľná armáda Bernolák) was a field army of the Axis Slovak Republic during World War II, established for the Invasion of Poland.

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Fifth column

A fifth column is a group of people who undermine a larger group or nation from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or another nation.

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Fighter aircraft

Fighter aircraft (early on also pursuit aircraft) are military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat.

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Filipp Golikov

Filipp Ivanovich Golikov (Филипп Иванович Голиков; – July 29, 1980) was a Soviet military commander.

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Final Solution

The Final Solution (die Endlösung) or the Final Solution to the Jewish Question (Endlösung der Judenfrage) was a Nazi plan for the genocide of individuals they defined as Jews during World War II.

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Flotilla

A flotilla (from Spanish, meaning a small flota (fleet) of ships), or naval flotilla, is a formation of small warships that may be part of a larger fleet.

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Foreign Secretary

The secretary of state for foreign, Commonwealth and development affairs, also known as the foreign secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office.

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Former eastern territories of Germany

The former eastern territories of Germany refer in present-day Germany to those territories east of the current eastern border of Germany, i.e., the Oder–Neisse line, which historically had been considered German and which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after World War II in Europe.

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France–Poland relations

Polish–French relations are relations between the nations of Poland and France, which date back several centuries.

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Franciszek Kleeberg

Franciszek Kleeberg (1 February 1888, in Tarnopol – 5 April 1941, near Dresden) was a Polish general.

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Franco-Polish alliance

The Franco-Polish Alliance was the military alliance between Poland and France that was active between the early 1920s and the outbreak of the Second World War.

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Franco-Prussian War

The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia.

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Franz Eher Nachfolger

Franz Eher Nachfolger GmbH (Franz Eher and Successors, LLC, usually referred to as the Eher-Verlag (Eher Publishing)) was the central publishing house of the Nazi Party and one of the largest book and periodical firms during the Nazi regime.

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Franz Halder

Franz Halder (30 June 1884 – 2 April 1972) was a German general and the chief of staff of the Army High Command (OKH) in Nazi Germany from 1938 until September 1942.

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Frederick the Great

Frederick II (Friedrich II.; 24 January 171217 August 1786) was the monarch of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.

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Free City of Danzig

The Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig; Wolne Miasto Gdańsk) was a city-state under the protection and oversight of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 other small localities in the surrounding areas.

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French declaration of war on Germany (1939)

On 3 September 1939—two days after the German invasion of Poland—France declared war on Nazi Germany according to its defensive treaty with Poland, when France's ultimatum to Germany, issued the previous day, expired at 17:00. Invasion of Poland and French declaration of war on Germany (1939) are September 1939 events.

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.

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Front (military formation)

A front (front) is a type of military formation that originated in the Russian Empire, and has been used by the Polish Army, the Red Army, the Soviet Army, and Turkey.

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Front (military)

In a military context, the term front can have several meanings.

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Fundusz Obrony Narodowej

Fundusz Obrony Narodowej ("National Defense Fund") was an attempt by both the government of the Second Polish Republic and the Polish nation to collect funds necessary for improving fighting ability of the Polish Army before the increasingly likely World War II.

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Garrison

A garrison (from the French garnison, itself from the verb garnir, "to equip") is any body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it.

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Gauleiter

A Gauleiter was a regional leader of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) who served as the head of a Gau or Reichsgau.

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Günther von Kluge

Günther Adolf Ferdinand von Kluge (30 October 1882 – 19 August 1944) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) during World War II who held commands on both the Eastern and Western Fronts.

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Gdańsk

Gdańsk is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland, and the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

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General Government

The General Government (Generalgouvernement; Generalne Gubernatorstwo; Генеральна губернія), formally the General Governorate for the Occupied Polish Region (Generalgouvernement für die besetzten polnischen Gebiete), was a German zone of occupation established after the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, Slovakia and the Soviet Union in 1939 at the onset of World War II.

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Generalplan Ost

The (Master Plan for the East), abbreviated GPO, was Nazi Germany's plan for the genocide, extermination and large-scale ethnic cleansing of Slavs, Eastern European Jews, and other indigenous peoples of Eastern Europe categorized as "Untermenschen" in Nazi ideology.

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Georg von Küchler

Georg Carl Wilhelm Friedrich von Küchler (30 May 1881 – 25 May 1968) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) of the Wehrmacht during the Second World War, who was subsequently convicted of war crimes.

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Gerd von Rundstedt

Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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German Army (1935–1945)

The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular armed forces of Nazi Germany, from 1935 until it effectively ceased to exist in 1945 and then was formally dissolved in August 1946.

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German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war

During the German invasion of Poland, which started World War II, Nazi Germany carried out a number of atrocities involving Polish Prisoners of war (POWs).

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German General Staff

The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially the Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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German minority in Poland

The registered German minority in Poland (Niemcy w Polsce) at the Polish census of 2021 were 144,177.

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German nationalism

German nationalism is an ideological notion that promotes the unity of Germans and of the Germanosphere into one unified nation-state.

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German–Polish declaration of non-aggression

The German–Polish declaration of non-aggression (Erklärung zwischen Deutschland und Polen über den Verzicht auf Gewaltanwendung, Deklaracja między Polskąa Niemcami o niestosowaniu przemocy), also known as the German–Polish non-aggression pact, was an agreement between Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic that was signed on 26 January 1934 in Berlin.

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German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty

The German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty was a second supplementary protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 23 August 1939.

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German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk

The German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk (Deutsch-sowjetische Siegesparade in Brest-Litowsk, Парад вермахта перед частями РККА в Бресте) was an official ceremony held by the troops of Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 22, 1939, during the invasion of Poland in the city of Brest-Litovsk (Brześć nad Bugiem or Brześć Litewski, then in the Second Polish Republic, now Brest in Belarus). Invasion of Poland and German–Soviet military parade in Brest-Litovsk are 1939 in Poland and September 1939 events.

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Germans

Germans are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language.

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Germany–Poland border

The Germany–Poland border (Grenze zwischen Deutschland und Polen, Granica polsko-niemiecka) is the state border between Poland and Germany, mostly along the Oder–Neisse line, with a total length of.

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Gestapo–NKVD conferences

The Gestapo–NKVD conferences were a series of security police meetings organised in late 1939 and early 1940 by Germany and the Soviet Union, following the invasion of Poland in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

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Gleiwitz incident

The Gleiwitz incident (Überfall auf den Sender Gleiwitz) was a false flag attack on the radio station Sender Gleiwitz in Gleiwitz (then Germany and now Gliwice, Poland) staged by Nazi Germany on the night of 31 August 1939.

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Gliwice

Gliwice (Gleiwitz,; Gliwicy) is a city in Upper Silesia, in southern Poland.

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Goworowo, Płońsk County

Goworowo is a village in the administrative district of Czerwińsk nad Wisłą, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland.

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Greater Poland

Greater Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska (Polonia Maior), is a Polish historical region of west-central Poland.

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Gulag

The Gulag was a system of forced labor camps in the Soviet Union.

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Hans Frank

Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician, war criminal, and lawyer who served as head of the General Government in German-occupied Poland during the Second World War.

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Hawker Hurricane

The Hawker Hurricane is a British single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1930s–40s which was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd.

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Hegemony

Hegemony is the political, economic, and military predominance of one state over other states, either regional or global.

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Heinkel He 111

The Heinkel He 111 is a German airliner and bomber designed by Siegfried and Walter Günter at Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in 1934.

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Heinrich Fraenkel

Heinrich Fraenkel (28 September 1897 – 1 May 1986) was a writer and Hollywood screenwriter best known for his biographies of Nazi war criminals published in the 1960s and 1970s.

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Heinz Guderian

Heinz Wilhelm Guderian (17 June 1888 – 14 May 1954) was a German general during World War II who, after the war, became a successful memoirist.

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Hel Fortified Area

The Hel Fortified Area (Rejon Umocniony Hel) was a set of Polish fortifications, constructed on the Hel Peninsula in northern Poland, in close proximity to the interwar border of Poland and the Third Reich. Invasion of Poland and Hel Fortified Area are 1939 in Poland.

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Hel Peninsula

Hel Peninsula (Mierzeja Helska, Półwysep Helski; Hélskô Sztremlëzna; Halbinsel Hela or Putziger Nehrung) is a sand bar peninsula in northern Poland separating the Bay of Puck from the open Baltic Sea.

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Henryk Dobrzański

Major Henryk Dobrzański (22 June 1897 – 30 April 1940), also known by his nom-de-guerre "Hubal," was a Polish soldier, sportsman and partisan.

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Hippocrene Books

Hippocrene Books is an independent US publishing press located at 171 Madison Avenue, New York City, NY 10016.

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History of Poland (1939–1945)

The history of Poland from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union to the end of World War II. Invasion of Poland and history of Poland (1939–1945) are 1939 in Poland.

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Home Army

The Home Army (Armia Krajowa,; abbreviated AK) was the dominant resistance movement in German-occupied Poland during World War II.

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Hungary

Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe.

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Ignacy Mościcki

Ignacy Mościcki (1 December 18672 October 1946) was a Polish chemist and politician who was the country's president from 1926 to 1939.

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Independent Operational Group Polesie

Independent Operational Group Polesie (Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Polesie, SGO Polesie) was one of the Polish Army Corps (Operational Groups) that defended Poland during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Indro Montanelli

Indro Alessandro Raffaello Schizogene Montanelli (22 April 1909 – 22 July 2001) was an Italian journalist, historian, and writer.

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Institute of National Remembrance

The Institute of National Remembrance – Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej – Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu, abbreviated IPN) is a Polish state research institute in charge of education and archives which also includes two public prosecution service components exercising investigative, prosecution and lustration powers.

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Intelligenzaktion

The Intelligenzaktion, or the Intelligentsia mass shootings, was a series of mass murders which was committed against the Polish intelligentsia (teachers, priests, physicians, and other prominent members of Polish society) early in the Second World War (1939–45) by Nazi Germany. Invasion of Poland and Intelligenzaktion are 1939 in Poland.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.

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Internetowa encyklopedia PWN

Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (Polish for Internet PWN Encyclopedia) is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

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Ivan Boldin

Ivan Vasilievich Boldin (Ива́н Васи́льевич Бо́лдин; in Vysokaya – March 28, 1965 in Kiev) was a senior Red Army general and war hero during the Second World War.

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Ivan Sovetnikov

Ivan Gerasimovich Sovetnikov (June13, 1897February1, 1957) was a Soviet military leader.

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Ivan Tyulenev

Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev (28 January 189215 August 1978) was a Soviet military commander, one of the first to be promoted to the rank of General of the Army in 1940.

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Ivan Zakharkin

Ivan Grigorevich Zakharkin (Васи́Иван Григорьевич Захаркин) (January 27, 1889 – October 15, 1944) was a Soviet colonel general in the Red Army during World War II, commander of the 49th Army during the Battle of Moscow.

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Jabłonków incident

Jabłonków incident (Incydent jabłonkowski, Jablunkovský incident) refers to the events of the night of 25–26 August 1939, along the Polish-Slovak border, when a group of German Abwehr agents attacked a rail station in Mosty. Invasion of Poland and Jabłonków incident are 1939 in Poland.

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Jablunkov Pass

Jablunkov Pass (Jablunkovský průsmyk, Przełęcz Jabłonkowska) is a mountain pass in the Western Beskids at above sea level.

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Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia, located in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Asian mainland.

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Józef Beck

Józef Beck (4 October 1894 – 5 June 1944) was a Polish statesman who served the Second Republic of Poland as a diplomat and military officer.

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Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński

Józef Konstanty Olszyna-Wilczyński (27 November 1890 – 22 September 1939) was a Polish general and one of the high-ranking commanders of the Polish Army.

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Joachim von Ribbentrop

Ulrich Friedrich-Wilhelm Joachim von Ribbentrop (30 April 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician and diplomat who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Nazi Germany from 1938 to 1945.

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Johannes Blaskowitz

Johannes Albrecht Blaskowitz (10 July 1883 – 5 February 1948) was a German Generaloberst during World War II.

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John Gunther

John Gunther (August 30, 1901 – May 29, 1970) was an American journalist and writer.

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Joseph Stalin

Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet politician and revolutionary who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953.

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Julien Bryan

Julien Hequembourg Bryan (23 May 1899 in Titusville, Pennsylvania – 20 October 1974) was an American photographer, filmmaker, and documentarian who documented the daily life in Poland, Soviet Union, and Nazi Germany between 1935 and 1939, in the leadup to and early days of the Second World War.

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Juliusz Rómmel

Juliusz Karol Wilhelm Józef Rómmel (Julius Karl Wilhelm Josef Freiherr von Rummel; 3 June 1881 – 8 September 1967) was a Polish military commander, a general of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Junkers Ju 87

The Junkers Ju 87, popularly known as the "Stuka", is a German dive bomber and ground-attack aircraft.

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Katyn massacre

The Katyn massacre was a series of mass executions of nearly 22,000 defenceless Polish military and police officers, border guards, and intelligentsia prisoners of war carried out by the Soviet Union, specifically the NKVD (the Soviet secret police), at Stalin's order in April and May 1940.

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Kazimierz Fabrycy

Kazimierz Fabrycy (3 March 1888, Odessa – 18 July 1958) was a Polish general.

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Kellogg–Briand Pact

The Kellogg–Briand Pact or Pact of Paris – officially the General Treaty for Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy – is a 1928 international agreement on peace in which signatory states promised not to use war to resolve "disputes or conflicts of whatever nature or of whatever origin they may be, which may arise among them".

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Kielce

Kielce (Keltz) is a city in southern Poland and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 13 March (O.S.) / 25 March 1881 with the crowning of prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen as King Carol I (thus beginning the Romanian royal family), until 1947 with the abdication of King Michael I and the Romanian parliament's proclamation of the Romanian People's Republic.

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Kodachrome

Kodachrome is the brand name for a color reversal film introduced by Eastman Kodak in 1935.

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Kraków

(), also spelled as Cracow or Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland.

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Kraków Army

Kraków Army (Armia Kraków) was one of the Polish armies which took part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939.

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Kresy

Eastern Borderlands (Kresy Wschodnie) or simply Borderlands (Kresy) was a term coined for the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic during the interwar period (1918–1939).

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Kriegsmarine

The Kriegsmarine was the navy of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Labor camp

A labor camp (or labour camp, see spelling differences) or work camp is a detention facility where inmates are forced to engage in penal labor as a form of punishment.

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Latvia

Latvia (Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia, is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.

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Lebensraum

Lebensraum (living space) is a German concept of expansionism and ''Völkisch'' nationalism, the philosophy and policies of which were common to German politics from the 1890s to the 1940s.

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Leo Leixner

Leo Leixner (1908–1942) was an Austrian journalist and war correspondent.

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List of Czechoslovakia interwar period weapons

This is a list of weapons used by Czechoslovakia during its interwar period (1918–1938).

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List of German military equipment of World War II

This page contains a list of equipment used the German military of World War II.

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List of Polish divisions in World War II

This is a list of Polish divisions in World War II.

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List of World War II military equipment of Poland

Polish Armament in 1939–45 article is a list of equipment used by Polish army before and during the Invasion of Poland, foreign service in British Commonwealth forces and last campaign to Germany with the Red Army in 1945.

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Lithuania

Lithuania (Lietuva), officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika), is a country in the Baltic region of Europe.

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Lublin

Lublin is the ninth-largest city in Poland and the second-largest city of historical Lesser Poland.

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Lublin Army

Lublin Army (Armia Lublin) was an improvised Polish Army created on September 4, 1939 from the Warsaw Armoured Motorized Brigade and various smaller units concentrated around the cities of Lublin, Sandomierz and upper Vistula river.

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Ludomił Rayski

Ludomił Antoni Rayski (29 December 1892 – 11 April 1977) was a Polish engineer, pilot, military officer and aviator.

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Luftwaffe

The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.

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Lviv

Lviv (Львів; see below for other names) is the largest city in western Ukraine, as well as the sixth-largest city in Ukraine, with a population of It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine.

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Maginot Line

The Maginot Line (Ligne Maginot), named after the French Minister of War André Maginot, is a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles and weapon installations built by France in the 1930s to deter invasion by Nazi Germany and force them to move around the fortifications.

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Maritime transport

Maritime transport (or ocean transport) or more generally waterborne transport, is the transport of people (passengers) or goods (cargo) via waterways.

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Marshal of Poland

Marshal of Poland (Marszałek Polski) is the highest rank in the Polish Army.

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Mława

Mława (מלאווע Mlave) is a town in north-eastern Poland with 30,403 inhabitants in 2020.

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Methamphetamine

Methamphetamine (contracted from) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is mainly used as a recreational drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity.

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Michael Alfred Peszke

Michael Alfred Peszke (19 December 1932 – 17 May 2015) was a Polish-American psychiatrist and historian of the Polish Armed Forces in World War II.

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Mikhail Kovalyov

Mikhail Prokofievich Kovalev (Михаи́л Проко́фьевич Ковалёв; – 31 August 1967) was a Soviet military officer.

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Military Administration in Poland

The Military Administration in Poland (Militärverwaltung in Polen) refers to the military occupation authorities established in the brief period during, and in the immediate aftermath of, the German invasion of Poland (1 September– 6 October 1939), in which the occupied Polish territories were administered by the German military (Wehrmacht) as opposed to the later civil administration and the General Government.

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Military alliance

A military alliance is a formal agreement between nations that specifies mutual obligations regarding national security.

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Military doctrine

Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements.

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Military history of Poland during World War II

In World War II, the Polish armed forces were the fourth largest Allied forces in Europe, after those of the Soviet Union, United States, and Britain.

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Military operation plan

A military operation plan (commonly called a war plan before World War II) is a formal plan for military armed forces, their military organizations and units to conduct operations, as drawn up by commanders within the combat operations process in achieving objectives before or during a conflict.

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Military supply-chain management

Military supply-chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services for military materiel applications.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional or part-time soldiers; citizens of a country, or subjects of a state, who may perform military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel; or, historically, to members of a warrior-nobility class (e.g.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Poland)

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych, MSZ) is the Polish government department tasked with maintaining Poland's international relations and coordinating its participation in international and regional supra-national political organisations such as the European Union and United Nations.

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Mobilization

Mobilization (alternatively spelled as mobilisation) is the act of assembling and readying military troops and supplies for war.

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Modlin Army

Modlin Army (Armia Modlin) was one of the Polish armies that were part of the Polish defense against the German Invasion of Poland.

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Modlin Fortress

Modlin Fortress (Twierdza Modlin) is one of the largest 19th-century fortresses in Poland.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union with a secret protocol that partitioned between them or managed the sovereignty of the states in Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Romania.

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Morane-Saulnier M.S.406

The Morane-Saulnier M.S.406 is a French fighter aircraft developed and manufactured by Morane-Saulnier starting in 1938.

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Moravia

Moravia (Morava; Mähren) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.

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Moscow

Moscow is the capital and largest city of Russia.

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Mosty u Jablunkova

Mosty u Jablunkova (until 1949 Mosty; Mosty koło Jabłonkowa, Mosty bei Jablunkau) is a municipality and village in Frýdek-Místek District in the Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic.

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Mounted infantry

Mounted infantry were infantry who rode horses instead of marching.

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Munich Agreement

The Munich Agreement was an agreement reached in Munich on 30 September 1938, by Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom, the French Republic, and Fascist Italy.

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Narew

The Narew (translit; or) is a 499-kilometre (310 mi) river primarily in north-eastern Poland.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazi Party

The Nazi Party, officially the National Socialist German Workers' Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP), was a far-right political party in Germany active between 1920 and 1945 that created and supported the ideology of Nazism.

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Neutral country

A neutral country is a state that is neutral towards belligerents in a specific war or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO, CSTO or the SCO).

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Nevile Henderson

Sir Nevile Meyrick Henderson (10 June 1882 – 30 December 1942) was a British diplomat who served as the ambassador of the United Kingdom to Germany from 1937 to 1939.

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Neville Chamberlain

Arthur Neville Chamberlain (18 March 18699 November 1940) was a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from May 1937 to May 1940 and Leader of the Conservative Party from May 1937 to October 1940.

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NKVD

The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (Narodnyy komissariat vnutrennikh del), abbreviated as NKVD, was the interior ministry of the Soviet Union from 1934 to 1946.

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Nomonhan

Nomonhan is a small village in Inner Mongolia, China, south of the city of Manzhouli and near the China–Mongolia border.

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Non-commissioned officer

A non-commissioned officer (NCO) is a military officer who does not hold a commission.

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North Sea

The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.

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Obersalzberg

Obersalzberg is a mountainside retreat situated above the market town of Berchtesgaden in Bavaria, Germany.

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Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)

The military occupation of Czechoslovakia by Nazi Germany began with the German annexation of the Sudetenland in 1938, continued with the creation of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, and by the end of 1944 extended to all parts of Czechoslovakia. Invasion of Poland and occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945) are conflicts in 1939.

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Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)

The occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union during World War II (1939–1945) began with the Invasion of Poland in September 1939, and it was formally concluded with the defeat of Germany by the Allies in May 1945. Invasion of Poland and occupation of Poland (1939–1945) are 1939 in Poland.

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Oder–Neisse line

The Oder–Neisse line (Oder-Neiße-Grenze, granica na Odrze i Nysie Łużyckiej) is an unofficial term for the modern border between Germany and Poland.

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Oksywie

Oksywie (Oxhöft, Òksëwiô) is a district of the city of Gdynia, Pomeranian Voivodeship, northern Poland.

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Operation Himmler

Operation Himmler, also called Operation Konserve, consisted of a group of 1939 false flag undertakings planned by Nazi Germany to give the appearance of Polish aggression against Germany. Invasion of Poland and Operation Himmler are 1939 in Poland.

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Operation Tannenberg

Operation Tannenberg (Unternehmen Tannenberg) was a codename for one of the anti-Polish extermination actions by Nazi Germany. Invasion of Poland and Operation Tannenberg are 1939 in Poland.

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Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign

The main opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign, which marked the beginning of the Second World War in Europe, consisted of Germany (with support from Slovakia) on one side, and Poland on the other.

See Invasion of Poland and Opposing forces in the Polish September Campaign

Orava (region)

Orava is the traditional name of a region situated in northern Slovakia (as Orava) and partially also in southern Poland (as Orawa).

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Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists

The Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN; Orhanizatsiia ukrainskykh natsionalistiv) was a Ukrainian nationalist organization established in 1929 in Vienna, uniting the Ukrainian Military Organization with smaller, mainly youth, radical nationalist right-wing groups.

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ORP Gryf (1936)

ORP Gryf (English: "Griffin") was a large Polish Navy minelayer, sunk during the 1939 German invasion of Poland.

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ORP Wicher (1928)

ORP Wicher, the lead ship of the, was a Polish Navy destroyer.

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Pacific War

The Pacific War, sometimes called the Asia–Pacific War or the Pacific Theater, was the theater of World War II that was fought in eastern Asia, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and Oceania.

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Panzer I

The Panzer I was a light tank produced by Nazi Germany in the 1930s.

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Panzer II

The Panzer II is the common name used for a family of German tanks used in World War II.

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Panzergrenadier

(), abbreviated as PzG (WWII) or PzGren (modern), meaning "Armour"-ed fighting vehicle "Grenadier", is the German term for the military doctrine of mechanized infantry units in armoured forces who specialize in fighting from and in conjunction with infantry fighting vehicles (IFVs) – that is, armoured troop carriers designed to carry a mechanized squad of six to eight soldiers into, during and out of combat while providing direct fire support for those troops.

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Partitions of Poland

The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.

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Płońsk

Płońsk (Plonsk) is a town in central Poland with 21,591 inhabitants (2022).

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Peking Plan

The Peking Plan"Peking" was one contemporary spelling for the city now spelled 'Beijing' in English. Invasion of Poland and Peking Plan are 1939 in Poland.

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Phoney War

The Phoney War (Drôle de guerre; Sitzkrieg) was an eight-month period at the start of World War II during which there was only one limited military land operation on the Western Front, when French troops invaded Germany's Saar district. Invasion of Poland and Phoney War are conflicts in 1939.

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Pincer movement

The pincer movement, or double envelopment, is a military maneuver in which forces simultaneously attack both flanks (sides) of an enemy formation.

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Plain

In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless.

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Plan West

Plan West (Plan Zachód) was a military plan of the Polish Army of the Second Polish Republic, for defence against invasion from Nazi Germany.

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Poland

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.

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Polish Air Force

The Polish Air Force (Air Forces) is the aerial warfare branch of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Polish Air Force order of battle in 1939

The following is the order of battle of the Polish Air Force prior to the outbreak of the Polish Defensive War of 1939.

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Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany

Following the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, nearly a quarter of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic was annexed by Nazi Germany and placed directly under the German civil administration.

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Polish Armed Forces in the West

The Polish Armed Forces in the West refers to the Polish military formations formed to fight alongside the Western Allies against Nazi Germany and its allies during World War II.

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Polish cavalry

The Polish cavalry (jazda, kawaleria, konnica) can trace its origins back to the days of medieval cavalry knights.

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Polish cavalry brigade order of battle in 1939

The following is a standard order of battle of the Polish cavalry brigade in 1939.

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Polish Corridor

The Polish Corridor (Polnischer Korridor; Pomorze, Polski Korytarz), also known as the Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia (Pomeranian Voivodeship, eastern Pomerania, formerly part of West Prussia), which provided the Second Republic of Poland (1920–1939) with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Weimar Germany from the province of East Prussia.

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Polish government-in-exile

The Polish government-in-exile, officially known as the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile (Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie), was the government in exile of Poland formed in the aftermath of the Invasion of Poland of September 1939, and the subsequent occupation of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and the Slovak Republic, which brought to an end the Second Polish Republic.

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Polish Land Forces

The Land Forces are the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Polish language

Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.

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Polish Navy

The Polish Navy (War Navy; often abbreviated to Marynarka) is the naval branch of the Polish Armed Forces.

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Polish people

Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common history, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe.

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Polish resistance movement in World War II

In Poland, the resistance movement during World War II was led by the Home Army.

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Polish Underground State

The Polish Underground State (Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) was a single political and military entity formed by the union of resistance organizations in occupied Poland that were loyal to the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile in London.

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Polish–Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War (late autumn 1918 / 14 February 1919 – 18 March 1921) was fought primarily between the Second Polish Republic and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic before it became a union republic in the aftermath of World War I and the Russian Revolution, on territories which were previously held by the Russian Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy following the Partitions of Poland.

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Pomeranian Army

The Pomeranian Army (Armia Pomorze) was one of the Polish armies defending against the 1939 Invasion of Poland.

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Pomerelia

Pomerelia, also known as Eastern Pomerania, Vistula Pomerania, and also before World War II as Polish Pomerania, is a historical sub-region of Pomerania on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland.

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Poznań

Poznań is a city on the River Warta in west Poland, within the Greater Poland region.

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Poznań Army

Army Poznań (Armia Poznań), led by Major General Tadeusz Kutrzeba, was one of the Polish Armies during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Pre-dreadnought battleship

Pre-dreadnought battleships were sea-going battleships built from the mid- to late- 1880s to the early 1900s.

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Pretext

A pretext (pretextual) is an excuse to do something or say something that is not accurate.

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Prime minister

A prime minister or chief of cabinet is the head of the cabinet and the leader of the ministers in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Propaganda

Propaganda is communication that is primarily used to influence or persuade an audience to further an agenda, which may not be objective and may be selectively presenting facts to encourage a particular synthesis or perception, or using loaded language to produce an emotional rather than a rational response to the information that is being presented.

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Propaganda in Nazi Germany

The propaganda used by the German Nazi Party in the years leading up to and during Adolf Hitler's dictatorship of Germany from 1933 to 1945 was a crucial instrument for acquiring and maintaining power, and for the implementation of Nazi policies.

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Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

The Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was a partially-annexed territory of Nazi Germany that was established on 16 March 1939 after the German occupation of the Czech lands.

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Prussia

Prussia (Preußen; Old Prussian: Prūsa or Prūsija) was a German state located on most of the North European Plain, also occupying southern and eastern regions.

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Prussian Army (Polish Armed Forces)

The Prusy Army (Armia Prusy) was one of the Polish armies to fight during the Invasion of Poland in 1939.

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Przemyśl

Przemyśl is a city in southeastern Poland with 58,721 inhabitants, as of December 2021.

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Pułtusk

Pułtusk is a town in northeast Poland, by the river Narew.

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Puppet state

A puppet state, puppet régime, puppet government or dummy government is a state that is de jure independent but de facto completely dependent upon an outside power and subject to its orders.

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PZL P.11

The PZL P.11 is a Polish fighter aircraft, designed and produced in the early 1930s by Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze.

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PZL P.7

The PZLP.7 was a Polish gull wing monoplane fighter aircraft designed in the early 1930s at the PZL factory in Warsaw.

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PZL.23 Karaś

The PZL.23 Karaś (crucian carp) was a Polish light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft designed in the mid-1930s by PZL in Warsaw.

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PZL.37 Łoś

The PZL.37 Łoś ('moose') was a Polish twin-engined medium bomber designed and manufactured by national aircraft company Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze (PZL).

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PZL.38 Wilk

The PZL.38 Wilk (wolf) (PZL-38) was a Polish heavy fighter developed and manufactured by PZL state factory in 1937.

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PZL.46 Sum

PZL.46 Sum (sheatfish) was a light bomber of the Polish Air Force before World War II, which, was directed to serial production in the spring of 1939.

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PZL.50 Jastrząb

PZL.50 Jastrząb (Hawk) was a Polish late 1930s fighter aircraft designed by Wsiewołod Jakimiuk at Państwowe Zakłady Lotnicze.

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Rapprochement

In international relations, a rapprochement, which comes from the French word rapprocher ("to bring together"), is a re-establishment of cordial relations between two countries.

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Reconnaissance aircraft

A reconnaissance aircraft (colloquially, a spy plane) is a military aircraft designed or adapted to perform aerial reconnaissance with roles including collection of imagery intelligence (including using photography), signals intelligence, as well as measurement and signature intelligence.

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Red Army

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Republic and, from 1922, the Soviet Union.

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Reichsautobahn

The Reichsautobahn system was the beginning of the German autobahns under Nazi Germany.

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Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia

Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia (Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreußen) was an administrative division of Nazi Germany created on 8 October 1939 from annexed territory of the Free City of Danzig, the Greater Pomeranian Voivodship (Polish Corridor), and the ''Regierungsbezirk'' West Prussia of Gau East Prussia.

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Reichsstatthalter

The Reichsstatthalter (Reich lieutenant) was a title used in the German Empire and later in Nazi Germany.

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Renault R35

The Renault R35, an abbreviation of Char léger Modèle 1935 R or R 35, was a French light infantry tank of the Second World War.

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Replacement Army

The Replacement Army was part of the Imperial German Army during World War I and part of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Republics of the Soviet Union

The Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or the Union Republics (r) were national-based administrative units of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR).

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Roger Manvell

Arnold Roger Manvell (10 October 1909 – 30 November 1987) was the first director of the British Film Academy (1947–1959) and author of many books on films and film-making.

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Romanian Bridgehead

The Romanian Bridgehead (Przedmoście rumuńskie; Capul de pod român) was an area in southeastern Poland that is now located in Ukraine.

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Routledge

Routledge is a British multinational publisher.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the naval warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, and a component of His Majesty's Naval Service.

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Russian language

Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.

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Saar Offensive

The Saar Offensive was the French invasion of Saarland, Germany, in the first stages of World War II, from September 7 to October 16, 1939, in response to the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939. Invasion of Poland and Saar Offensive are conflicts in 1939 and World War II invasions.

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San (river)

The San (San; Сян Sian; Saan) is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine.

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Sandomierz

Sandomierz (pronounced:; Sandomiria, Tsouzmer, Tsoyzmer) is a historic town in south-eastern Poland with 23,863 inhabitants, situated on the Vistula River near its confluence with the San, in the Sandomierz Basin.

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Satellite state

A satellite state or dependent state is a country that is formally independent but under heavy political, economic, and military influence or control from another country.

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Schutzstaffel

The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylised as ᛋᛋ with Armanen runes) was a major paramilitary organisation under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II.

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Second Polish Republic

The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939.

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Second Sino-Japanese War

The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. Invasion of Poland and Second Sino-Japanese War are conflicts in 1939.

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Semyon Krivoshein

Semyon Moiseevich Krivoshein (Семён Моисе́евич Кривоше́ин; November 28, 1899 in Voronezh, Russian Empire – September 16, 1978 in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Soviet tank commander, who played a vital part in the World War II reform of the Red Army tank forces and in the momentous clash between German and Soviet tanks in the Battle of Kursk.

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Semyon Timoshenko

Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константинович Тимошенко; Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko; – 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander, Marshal of the Soviet Union, and one of the most prominent Red Army commanders during the Second World War.

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Separate peace

A separate peace is a nation's agreement to cease military hostilities with another even though the former country had previously entered into a military alliance with other states that remain at war with the latter country.

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Shigenori Tōgō

was Minister of Foreign Affairs for the Empire of Japan at both the start and the end of the Axis–Allied conflict during World War II.

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Siege of Warsaw (1939)

The Siege of Warsaw in 1939 was fought between the Polish Warsaw Army (Armia Warszawska) garrisoned and entrenched in Warsaw and the invading German Army. Invasion of Poland and Siege of Warsaw (1939) are September 1939 events.

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Silesia

Silesia (see names below) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within modern Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

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Silesian Voivodeship (1920–1939)

The Silesian Voivodeship (województwo śląskie; German: Woiwodschaft Schlesien) was an autonomous province (voivodeship) of the Second Polish Republic.

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Slovak Air Force (1939–1945)

The Slovak Air Force (Slovenské vzdušné zbrane, or SVZ), between 1939 and 1945, was the air force of the short-lived World War II Slovak Republic.

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Slovak invasion of Poland

The Slovak invasion of Poland occurred during Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939. Invasion of Poland and Slovak invasion of Poland are 1939 in Poland and conflicts in 1939.

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Slovak language

Slovak (endonym: slovenčina or slovenský jazyk), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.

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Slovak Republic (1939–1945)

The (First) Slovak Republic ((Prvá) Slovenská republika), otherwise known as the Slovak State (Slovenský štát), was a partially-recognized clerical fascist client state of Nazi Germany which existed between 14 March 1939 and 4 April 1945 in Central Europe.

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SMS Schleswig-Holstein

SMS Schleswig-Holstein was the last of the five pre-dreadnought s built by the German Kaiserliche Marine.

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Soviet invasion of Poland

The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military conflict by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. Invasion of Poland and Soviet invasion of Poland are conflicts in 1939, October 1939 events and September 1939 events.

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Soviet order of battle for invasion of Poland in 1939

The Soviet order of battle for the invasion of Poland in 1939 details the major combat units arrayed for the Soviet surprise attack on Poland on September 17, 1939.

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Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

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Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact

The Soviet–Polish Non-Aggression Pact (Polsko-radziecki pakt o nieagresji, Договор о ненападении между СССР и Польшей, transliterated as) was a non-aggression pact signed in 1932 by representatives of Poland and the Soviet Union.

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Sovietization

Sovietization (sovyetizatsiya) is the adoption of a political system based on the model of soviets (workers' councils) or the adoption of a way of life, mentality, and culture modeled after the Soviet Union.

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Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War (Guerra Civil Española) was a military conflict fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Invasion of Poland and Spanish Civil War are conflicts in 1939.

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Special Prosecution Book-Poland

Special Prosecution Book-Poland (Sonderfahndungsbuch Polen, Specjalna księga Polaków ściganych listem gończym) was a list prepared by the Germans immediately before the invasion of Poland containing more than 61,000 members of Polish elites: activists, intelligentsia, scholars, actors, former officers, and prominent others.

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Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.

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Spiš

Spiš (Latin: Cips/Zepus/Scepus/Scepusia/Scepusium, Spisz, Szepesség/Szepes, Zips) is a region in north-eastern Slovakia, with a very small area in south-eastern Poland (more specifically encompassing 14 villages).

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SS-Totenkopfverbände

SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV) was the Schutzstaffel (SS) organization created in 1933 responsible for administering the Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps for Nazi Germany, among similar duties.

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Stefan Dąb-Biernacki

Stefan Dąb-Biernacki (7 January 1890 – 9 February 1959) was a general of the army during the Second Polish Republic.

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Steven J. Zaloga

Steven Joseph Zaloga (born February 1, 1952) is an American author and defense consultant.

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Strategic bombing

Strategic bombing is a systematically organized and executed attack from the air which can utilize strategic bombers, long- or medium-range missiles, or nuclear-armed fighter-bomber aircraft to attack targets deemed vital to the enemy's war-making capability.

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Stryi (river)

The Stryi (Стрий) is a river in western Ukraine.

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Submarine

A submarine (or sub) is a watercraft capable of independent operation underwater.

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Supermarine Spitfire

The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft used by the Royal Air Force and other Allied countries before, during, and after World War II.

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Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union

The Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (r) was, from 1936 to 1991, the highest body of state authority of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), and based on the principle of unified power was the only branch of government in the Soviet state.

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Tadeusz Kutrzeba

Tadeusz Kutrzeba (15 April 1885 – 8 January 1947) was a general of the army during the Second Polish Republic.

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Tank

A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat.

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Tankette

A tankette is a tracked armoured fighting vehicle that resembles a small tank, roughly the size of a car.

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Tanks in the German Army

This article deals with the tanks (Panzer) serving in the German Army (Deutsches Heer) throughout history, such as the World War I tanks of the Imperial German Army, the interwar and World War II tanks of the Nazi German Wehrmacht, the Cold War tanks of the West German and East German Armies, all the way to the present day tanks of the Bundeswehr.

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Territorial integrity

Territorial integrity is the principle under international law where sovereign states have a right to defend their borders and all territory in them from another state.

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Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union

Seventeen days after the German invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of the Second World War, the Soviet Union entered the eastern regions of Poland (known as the Kresy) and annexed territories totalling with a population of 13,299,000.

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The Black Book of Poland

The Black Book of Poland is a 750-page report published in 1942 by the Ministry of Information of the Polish government-in-exile, describing atrocities committed by Germany in occupied Poland in the 22 months between the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and the end of June 1941.

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The Bodley Head

The Bodley Head is an English book publishing imprint of Penguin Random House.

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Timeline of the 1939 invasion of Poland

This list should only include links to events that already have their own pages on Wikipedia. Invasion of Poland and Timeline of the 1939 invasion of Poland are 1939 in Poland.

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TKS

The TK (TK-3) and TKS were Polish tankettes developed during the 1930s and used in the Second World War.

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Torzeniec

Torzeniec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Doruchów, within Ostrzeszów County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.

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Trainer aircraft

A trainer is a class of aircraft designed specifically to facilitate flight training of pilots and aircrews.

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Treaty of Riga

The Treaty of Riga was signed in Riga, Latvia, on between Poland on one side and Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine on the other, ending the Polish–Soviet War (1919–1921).

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Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed on 28 June 1919.

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Trench warfare

Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied lines largely comprising military trenches, in which combatants are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.

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Ukraine

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe.

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Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic (Ukrainska Radianska Sotsialistychna Respublika; Ukrainskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), abbreviated as the Ukrainian SSR, UkSSR, and also known as Soviet Ukraine or just Ukraine, was one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1991.

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Ukrainians

Ukrainians (ukraintsi) are a civic nation and an ethnic group native to Ukraine.

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Ultimatum

An paren;;: ultimata or ultimatums) is a demand whose fulfillment is requested in a specified period of time and which is backed up by a threat to be followed through in case of noncompliance (open loop). An ultimatum is generally the final demand in a series of requests. As such, the time allotted is usually short, and the request is understood not to be open to further negotiation.

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Unilateralism

Unilateralism is any doctrine or agenda that supports one-sided action.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.

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United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939)

On 3 September 1939, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany—two days after the German invasion of Poland. Invasion of Poland and United Kingdom declaration of war on Germany (1939) are September 1939 events.

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United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) is the United States' official memorial to the Holocaust.

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United States Naval Institute

The United States Naval Institute (USNI) is a private non-profit military association that offers independent, nonpartisan forums for debate of national security issues.

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University of South Florida

The University of South Florida (USF) is a public research university with its main campus located in Tampa, Florida, and other campuses in St. Petersburg and Sarasota.

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Untermensch

Untermensch (plural: Untermenschen) is a German language word literally meaning 'underman', 'sub-man', or 'subhuman', that was extensively used by Germany's Nazi Party to refer to non-Aryan people they deemed as inferior.

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Upper Silesia

Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk; Gůrny Ślůnsk, Gōrny Ślōnsk; Horní Slezsko;; Silesian German: Oberschläsing; Silesia Superior) is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia, located today mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic.

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Urban area

An urban area is a human settlement with a high population density and an infrastructure of built environment.

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Vasily Chuikov

Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov (Васи́лий Ива́нович Чуйко́в,; – 18 March 1982) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Vasily Kuznetsov (general)

Vasily Ivanovich Kuznetsov (Russian: Василий Иванович Кузнецов; – 20 June 1964) was a Soviet general and a Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Vernichtungsgedanke

Vernichtungsgedanke, literally meaning "concept of annihilation" in German and generally taken to mean "the concept of fast annihilation of enemy forces", is a tactical doctrine dating back to Frederick the Great.

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Vickers 6-ton

The Vickers 6-ton tank or Vickers Mark E, also known as the "Six-tonner", was a British light tank designed in 1928 in a private project at Vickers.

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Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV

The Gundlach Periscope, usually known under its British designation as Vickers Tank Periscope MK.IV, was a revolutionary invention by Polish engineer Rudolf Gundlach, manufactured for Polish 7TP tanks from the end of 1935 and patented in 1936 as the Peryskop obrotowy Gundlacha.

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Vilnius Region under Lithuanian administration (1939–1940)

As a result of the German-Soviet Invasion of Poland part of Vilnius Region was under Lithuanian administration in the period lasting from the takeover of the city from the occupying Soviet administration on October 27, 1939, to the occupation of all of Lithuania including Vilnius on June 15, 1940.

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Vistula

The Vistula (Wisła,, Weichsel) is the longest river in Poland and the ninth-longest in Europe, at in length.

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Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz

The Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz was an ethnic-German self-protection militia, a paramilitary organization comprising ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) mobilized from among the German minority in Poland.

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Wacław Stachiewicz

Wacław Teofil Stachiewicz (19 November 1894 – 12 November 1973) was a Polish writer, geologist, military commander and general of the Polish Army.

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Walter Heitz

Walter Heitz (8 December 1878 – 9 February 1944) was a German general (Generaloberst) in the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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Walter von Reichenau

Walter Karl Ernst August von Reichenau (8 October 1884 – 17 January 1942) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) in the Heer (Army) of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Walther von Brauchitsch

Walther Heinrich Alfred Hermann von Brauchitsch (4 October 1881 – 18 October 1948) was a German ''Generalfeldmarschall'' (Field Marshal) and Commander-in-Chief (Oberbefehlshaber) of the German Army during the first two years of World War II.

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Warsaw

Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and largest city of Poland.

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Warsaw Army

The Warszawa Army (Armia Warszawa) was one of the Polish armies to take part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939.

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Warta

The river Warta (Warthe; Varta) rises in central Poland and meanders greatly through the Polish Plain in a north-westerly direction to flow into the Oder at Kostrzyn nad Odrąon Poland's border with Germany.

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Władysław Bortnowski

Władysław Bortnowski (12 November 1891 – 21 November 1966) was a Polish historian, military commander and one of the highest ranking generals of the Polish Army.

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Włocławek

Włocławek (Leslau or Alt Lesle, Yiddish: וולאָצלאַוועק, romanized: Vlatzlavek) is a city in the Kuyavian–Pomeranian Voivodeship in central Poland along the Vistula River, bordered by the Gostynin-Włocławek Landscape Park.

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Wehrmacht

The Wehrmacht were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945.

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Weimar Republic

The Weimar Republic, officially known as the German Reich, was a historical period of Germany from 9 November 1918 to 23 March 1933, during which it was a constitutional federal republic for the first time in history; hence it is also referred to, and unofficially proclaimed itself, as the German Republic.

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West Prussia

The Province of West Prussia (Provinz Westpreußen; Zôpadné Prësë; Prusy Zachodnie) was a province of Prussia from 1773 to 1829 and 1878 to 1919.

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Western betrayal

Western betrayal is the view that the United Kingdom, France, and sometimes the United States failed to meet their legal, diplomatic, military, and moral obligations with respect to the Czechoslovak and Polish states during the prelude to and aftermath of World War II.

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Westerplatte

Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula (one of the Vistula delta estuaries), in the Gdańsk harbour channel.

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Wilhelm List

Wilhelm List (14 May 1880 – 17 August 1971) was a German Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) during World War II who was convicted of war crimes by a US Army tribunal after the war.

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Withdrawal (military)

A tactical withdrawal or retreating defensive action is a type of military operation, generally meaning that retreating forces draw back while maintaining contact with the enemy.

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Worek Plan

The Worek Plan (or Operation Worek, Plan Worek, literally Plan Sack) was an operation of the Polish Navy in the first days of World War II, in which its five submarines formed a screen in order to prevent German naval forces from carrying out landings on the Polish coast, and to attack enemy ships bombarding Polish coastal fortifications, in particular the base on the Hel Peninsula. Invasion of Poland and Worek Plan are 1939 in Poland and September 1939 events.

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World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Invasion of Poland and World War II are conflicts in 1939.

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Wprost

Wprost (meaning "Directly") is a Polish weekly news magazine published in Poznań, Poland.

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Yad Vashem

Yad Vashem (יָד וַשֵׁם) is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust.

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Złoczew

Złoczew (1939-45 Schlötzau) is a town in Sieradz County, Łódź Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,340 inhabitants (2020).

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10th Army (Soviet Union)

The 10th Army of the Soviet Union's Red Army was a field army active from 1939 to 1944.

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10th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 10th Army was a World War II field army of the Wehrmacht (Germany).

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11th Army (Soviet Union)

The 11th Army was an army of the Red Army during World War II.

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12th Army (Soviet Union)

The 12th Army was a field army of the Red Army formed multiple times during the Russian Civil War and World War II.

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14th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 14th Army (14.) was a German field army in World War II.

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18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment

18th Pomeranian Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 18 Pulk Ulanów Pomorskich, 18 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic.

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1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler

The 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler or SS Division Leibstandarte, abbreviated as LSSAH (1.), began as Adolf Hitler's personal bodyguard unit, responsible for guarding the Führer's person, offices, and residences.

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3rd Army (Soviet Union)

The 3rd Army was a field army of the Red Army during World War II.

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3rd Army (Wehrmacht)

The 3rd Army (3.) was a German field army that fought during World War II.

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4th Army (Soviet Union)

The 4th Army was a Soviet field army of World War II that served on the Eastern front of World War II and in the Caucasus during the Cold War.

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4th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 4th Army was a field army of the Wehrmacht during World War II.

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5th Combined Arms Army

The 5th Guards Combined Arms Red Banner Army (5-я гвардейская общевойсковая армия) is a Russian Ground Forces formation in the Eastern Military District.

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6th Combined Arms Army

The 6th Combined Arms Army is a field army of the Red Army and the Soviet Army that was active with the Russian Ground Forces until 1998 and has been active since 2010 as the 6th Combined Arms Army.

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7TP

The 7TP (siedmiotonowy polski - 7-tonne Polish) was a Polish light tank of the Second World War.

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8th Army (Wehrmacht)

The 8th Army (8.) was a World War II field army.

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See also

1939 in Poland

Invasions of Poland

October 1939 events

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland

Also known as 1939 Defensive War, 1939 Invasion of Poland, Battle of Poland, Campaign of 1939, Defence War of 1939, Defensive War of 1939, Fall of Poland, German Invasion of Poland, German assault on Poland, German attack on Poland, German forces storm Poland, German invasion of Poland (1939), German invasion of Poland 1939, German-Soviet invasion of Poland, Germany invaded Poland, Invaded Poland, Invasion of Poland (1939), Nazi German and Soviet invasion of Poland, Nazi German invasion of Poland, Nazi Germany invaded Poland, Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland (1939), Nazi invasion of Poland, Nazi invasion of Poland (1939), Poland Campaign, Polenfeldzug, Polish Campaign, Polish Campaign of 1939, Polish Defence War, Polish Defence War of 1939, Polish Defense War of 1939, Polish Defensive War, Polish Defensive War of 1939, Polish September Campaign, Polish September Campaign 1939, Polish-German War, Polish-German War of 1939, September 1939 Campaign, September Campaign, The Defensive War of 1939, The invasion of Poland.

, Bombing of Wieluń, Border Protection Corps, Brest, Belarus, Brigade, British Expeditionary Force (World War II), Brute Force (Ellis book), Bug (river), Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, Bzura, Carpathian Army, Carpathian Mountains, Casus belli, Cavalry, Central Industrial Region (Poland), Chief of Civil Administration, Ciechanów, Client state, Commander-in-chief, Convoy, Counterattack, Covenant of the League of Nations, Curzon Line, Danish straits, Declaration of war, Defense line, Defensive war, Deportation, Destroyer, Dive bomber, Dniester, Dornier Do 17, East Prussia, Eastern Front (World War II), Edward Bernard Raczyński, Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Edward Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, Einsatzgruppen, Emil Hácha, Emil Krukowicz-Przedrzymirski, Encirclement, Enclave and exclave, Ethnic cleansing, Europe-Asia Studies, European theatre of World War II, Extermination camp, Extraterritoriality, Fairey Battle, Fall Weiss (1939), False flag, Fedor von Bock, Ferdinand Čatloš, Field Army 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