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Induced pluripotent stem cell

Index Induced pluripotent stem cell

Induced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. [1]

122 relations: Adenoviridae, Autotransplantation, Base pair, BBC News, Blastocyst, Blastomere, Blood cell, Blood type, Blood vessel, Calcium channel, Cardiac muscle, Catecholamine, CD146, CD31, Cell potency, Cell-penetrating peptide, Chimera (genetics), Clinical trial, Connective tissue, Cord blood, Cytoplasm, Cytosine, DNA methylation, Dopaminergic, Ectoderm, Embryoid body, Embryonic stem cell, Endoderm, Endothelial stem cell, Fbx15, Fibroblast, Gene expression, Germ layer, GLIS1, H3K4me3, Haruko Obokata, Harvard University, Hayflick limit, Hepatocyte, Histone, Histone deacetylase, Homeobox protein NANOG, Immunodeficiency, Induced stem cells, Inner cell mass, James Thomson (cell biologist), Japan, John Gurdon, KLF1, KLF2, ..., KLF4, KLF5, Kobe, Kruppel-like factors, Kyoto, Kyoto University, Lentivirus, LIN28, Liver, Masayo Takahashi, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal–epithelial transition, Mesoderm, Mi-2/NuRD complex, MicroRNA, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Mitosis, Myc, MYCL1, N-Myc, Nature (journal), Neoplasm, Neuron, Nucleolus, Nucleosome, Oct-4, Octamer transcription factor, Oncogene, Organ transplantation, PiggyBac Transposon System, Pipette, Plasmid, Polyploid, POU2F1, POU3F1, Prenatal development, Red blood cell, Regenerative medicine, Reporter gene, Retina, Retinal pigment epithelium, Retrovirus, Riken, RNA-binding protein, Science (journal), Shinya Yamanaka, Skin, Somatic (biology), SOX gene family, SOX1, SOX15, SOX18, SOX2, SOX3, Stem cell, Stem-cell therapy, Stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency, Syngenic, Telomerase, Telomerase reverse transcriptase, Teratoma, Tetraploid complementation assay, TP63, Transcription factor, Transplant rejection, Transposable element, Trophoblast, University of California, Los Angeles, University of Oxford, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Vitreous body. Expand index (72 more) »

Adenoviridae

Adenoviruses (members of the family Adenoviridae) are medium-sized (90–100 nm), nonenveloped (without an outer lipid bilayer) viruses with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double stranded DNA genome.

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Autotransplantation

Autotransplantation is the transplantation of organs, tissues, or even particular proteins from one part of the body to another in the same person (auto- meaning "self" in Greek).

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Base pair

A base pair (bp) is a unit consisting of two nucleobases bound to each other by hydrogen bonds.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Blastocyst

The blastocyst is a structure formed in the early development of mammals.

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Blastomere

In biology, blastocoel is a type of cell produced by cleavage (cell division) of the zygote after fertilization and is an essential part of blastula formation.

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Blood cell

A blood cell, also called a haematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.

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Blood type

A blood type (also called a blood group) is a classification of blood based on the presence and absence of antibodies and also based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the surface of red blood cells (RBCs).

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Blood vessel

The blood vessels are the part of the circulatory system, and microcirculation, that transports blood throughout the human body.

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Calcium channel

A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.

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Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is one of the three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle.

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Catecholamine

A catecholamine (CA) is a monoamine, an organic compound that has a catechol (benzene with two hydroxyl side groups at carbons 1 and 2) and a side-chain amine.

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CD146

CD146 (cluster of differentiation 146) also known as the melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) or cell surface glycoprotein MUC18, is a 113kDa cell adhesion molecule currently used as a marker for endothelial cell lineage.

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CD31

Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome 17.

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Cell potency

Cell potency is a cell's ability to differentiate into other cell types The more cell types a cell can differentiate into, the greater its potency.

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Cell-penetrating peptide

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are short peptides that facilitate cellular intake/uptake of various molecular equipment (from nanosize particles to small chemical molecules and large fragments of DNA).

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Chimera (genetics)

A genetic chimerism or chimera (also spelled chimaera) is a single organism composed of cells with distinct genotypes.

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Clinical trial

Clinical trials are experiments or observations done in clinical research.

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Connective tissue

Connective tissue (CT) is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

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Cord blood

Umbilical cord blood is blood that remains in the placenta and in the attached umbilical cord after childbirth.

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Cytoplasm

In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.

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Cytosine

Cytosine (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA).

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DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to the DNA molecule.

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Dopaminergic

Dopaminergic means "related to dopamine" (literally, "working on dopamine"), dopamine being a common neurotransmitter.

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Ectoderm

Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Embryoid body

Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells.

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Embryonic stem cell

Embryonic stem cells (ES cells or ESCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst, an early-stage pre-implantation embryo.

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Endoderm

Endoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Endothelial stem cell

Endothelial stem cells (ESCs) are one of three types of stem cells found in bone marrow.

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Fbx15

Fbx15, otherwise known as Fbxo15, is a protein expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

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Fibroblast

A fibroblast is a type of biological cell that synthesizes the extracellular matrix and collagen, the structural framework (stroma) for animal tissues, and plays a critical role in wound healing.

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Gene expression

Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.

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Germ layer

A germ layer is a primary layer of cells that form during embryogenesis.

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GLIS1

Glis1 (Glis Family Zinc Finger 1) is gene encoding a Krüppel-like protein of the same name whose locus is found on Chromosome 1p32.3.

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H3K4me3

H3K4me3 is an epigenetic chemical modification involved in the regulation of gene expression.

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Haruko Obokata

is a former stem-cell biologist and research unit leader at Japan's Laboratory for Cellular Reprogramming, Riken Center for Developmental Biology.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hayflick limit

The Hayflick limit or Hayflick phenomenon is the number of times a normal human cell population will divide before cell division stops.

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Hepatocyte

A hepatocyte is a cell of the main parenchymal tissue of the liver.

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Histone

In biology, histones are highly alkaline proteins found in eukaryotic cell nuclei that package and order the DNA into structural units called nucleosomes.

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Histone deacetylase

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.

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Homeobox protein NANOG

NANOG (pron. nanOg) is a transcription factor critically involved with self-renewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

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Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency (or immune deficiency) is a state in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent.

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Induced stem cells

Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming.

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Inner cell mass

In early embryogenesis of most eutherian mammals, the inner cell mass (abbreviated ICM and also known as the embryoblast in mammals or pluriblast) is the mass of cells inside the primordial embryo that will eventually give rise to the definitive structures of the fetus.

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James Thomson (cell biologist)

James Alexander Thomson (born December 20, 1958) is an American developmental biologist best known for deriving the first human embryonic stem cell line in 1998 and for deriving human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in 2007.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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John Gurdon

Sir John Bertrand Gurdon (born 2 October 1933), is an English developmental biologist.

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KLF1

Krueppel-like factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF1 gene.

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KLF2

Krüppel-like Factor 2 (KLF2), also known as lung Krüppel-like Factor (LKLF), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF2 gene on chromosome 19.

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KLF4

Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4; gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor or GKLF) is a zinc-finger transcription factor, and it was first identified in 1996.

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KLF5

Krueppel-like factor 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF5 gene.

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Kobe

is the sixth-largest city in Japan and the capital city of Hyōgo Prefecture.

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Kruppel-like factors

In molecular genetics, the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors (KLFs) are a set of zinc finger DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression.

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Kyoto

, officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture, located in the Kansai region of Japan.

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Kyoto University

, or is a national university in Kyoto, Japan.

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Lentivirus

Lentivirus (lente-, Latin for "slow") is a genus of retroviruses that cause chronic and deadly diseases characterized by long incubation periods, in the human and other mammalian species.

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LIN28

Lin-28 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN28 gene.

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Liver

The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

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Masayo Takahashi

is a Japanese medical physician, ophthalmologist and stem cell researcher.

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Massachusetts Institute of Technology

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Mesenchymal stem cell

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including osteoblasts (bone cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and adipocytes (fat cells which give rise to marrow adipose tissue).

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Mesenchymal–epithelial transition

A mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is a reversible biological process that involves the transition from motile, multipolar or spindle-shaped mesenchymal cells to planar arrays of polarized cells called epithelia.

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Mesoderm

In all bilaterian animals, the mesoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.

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Mi-2/NuRD complex

In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities.

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MicroRNA

A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

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Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare

The is a cabinet level ministry of the Japanese government.

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Mitosis

In cell biology, mitosis is a part of the cell cycle when replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei.

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Myc

Myc is a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes that code for transcription factors.

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MYCL1

L-myc-1 proto-oncogene protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCL1 gene.

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N-Myc

N-myc proto-oncogene protein also known as N-Myc or basic helix-loop-helix protein 37 (bHLHe37), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYCN gene.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Neoplasm

Neoplasia is a type of abnormal and excessive growth of tissue.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Nucleolus

The nucleolus (plural nucleoli) is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

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Nucleosome

A nucleosome is a basic unit of DNA packaging in eukaryotes, consisting of a segment of DNA wound in sequence around eight histone protein cores.

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Oct-4

Oct-4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4), also known as POU5F1 (POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU5F1 gene.

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Octamer transcription factor

An octamer transcription factor is a transcription factor which binds to the "ATTTGCAT" sequence.

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Oncogene

An oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer.

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Organ transplantation

Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.

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PiggyBac Transposon System

The PiggyBac (PB) transposon is a mobile genetic element that efficiently transposes between vectors and chromosomes via a "cut and paste" mechanism.

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Pipette

A pipette (sometimes spelled pipet) is a laboratory tool commonly used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid, often as a media dispenser.

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Plasmid

A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

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Polyploid

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired (homologous) sets of chromosomes.

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POU2F1

POU domain, class 2, transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU2F1 gene.

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POU3F1

POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 1 (also known as Oct-6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the POU3F1 gene.

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Prenatal development

Prenatal development is the process in which an embryo and later fetus develops during gestation.

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Red blood cell

Red blood cells-- also known as RBCs, red cells, red blood corpuscles, haematids, erythroid cells or erythrocytes (from Greek erythros for "red" and kytos for "hollow vessel", with -cyte translated as "cell" in modern usage), are the most common type of blood cell and the vertebrate's principal means of delivering oxygen (O2) to the body tissues—via blood flow through the circulatory system.

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Regenerative medicine

Regenerative medicine is a branch of translational research in tissue engineering and molecular biology which deals with the "process of replacing, engineering or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function".

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Reporter gene

In molecular biology, a reporter gene (often simply reporter) is a gene that researchers attach to a regulatory sequence of another gene of interest in bacteria, cell culture, animals or plants.

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Retina

The retina is the innermost, light-sensitive "coat", or layer, of shell tissue of the eye of most vertebrates and some molluscs.

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Retinal pigment epithelium

The pigmented layer of retina or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the pigmented cell layer just outside the neurosensory retina that nourishes retinal visual cells, and is firmly attached to the underlying choroid and overlying retinal visual cells.

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Retrovirus

A retrovirus is a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus with a DNA intermediate and, as an obligate parasite, targets a host cell.

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Riken

is a large research institute in Japan.

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RNA-binding protein

RNA-binding proteins (often abbreviated as RBPs) are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes.

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Science (journal)

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.

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Shinya Yamanaka

is a Japanese Nobel Prize-winning stem cell researcher.

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Skin

Skin is the soft outer tissue covering vertebrates.

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Somatic (biology)

The term somatic is often used in biology to refer to the cells of the body in contrast to the germ line cells which usually give rise to the gametes (ovum or sperm).

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SOX gene family

SOX genes encode a family of transcription factors that bind to the minor groove in DNA, and belong to a super-family of genes characterized by a homologous sequence called the HMG-box (for high mobility group).

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SOX1

SOX1 is a gene, which encodes a transcription factor in the HMG (high mobility group) DNA binding domain, and functions primarily in neurogenesis.

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SOX15

Protein SOX-15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX15 gene.

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SOX18

Transcription factor SOX-18 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX18 gene.

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SOX2

SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2, also known as SOX2, is a transcription factor that is essential for maintaining self-renewal, or pluripotency, of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells.

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SOX3

Transcription factor SOX-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SOX3 gene.

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Stem cell

Stem cells are biological cells that can differentiate into other types of cells and can divide to produce more of the same type of stem cells.

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Stem-cell therapy

Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

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Stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency

Stimulus-triggered acquisition of pluripotency (also known as STAP) was a proposed method of generating pluripotent stem cells by subjecting ordinary cells to certain types of stress, such as the application of a bacterial toxin, submersion in a weak acid, or physical trauma.

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Syngenic

The word "syngenic" or "syngeneic" (from the Greek word for a relative) means genetically identical, or sufficiently identical and immunologically compatible as to allow for transplantation.

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Telomerase

Telomerase, also called terminal transferase, is a ribonucleoprotein that adds a species-dependent telomere repeat sequence to the 3' end of telomeres.

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Telomerase reverse transcriptase

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (abbreviated to TERT, or hTERT in humans) is a catalytic subunit of the enzyme telomerase, which, together with the telomerase RNA component (TERC), comprises the most important unit of the telomerase complex.

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Teratoma

A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, or bone.

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Tetraploid complementation assay

The tetraploid complementation assay is a technique in biology in which cells of two mammalian embryos are combined to form a new embryo.

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TP63

Tumor protein p63 also known as transformation-related protein 63 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP63 gene.

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Transcription factor

In molecular biology, a transcription factor (TF) (or sequence-specific DNA-binding factor) is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, by binding to a specific DNA sequence.

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Transplant rejection

Transplant rejection occurs when transplanted tissue is rejected by the recipient's immune system, which destroys the transplanted tissue.

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Transposable element

A transposable element (TE or transposon) is a DNA sequence that can change its position within a genome, sometimes creating or reversing mutations and altering the cell's genetic identity and genome size.

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Trophoblast

Trophoblasts (from Greek trephein: to feed, and blastos: germinator) are cells forming the outer layer of a blastocyst, which provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta.

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University of California, Los Angeles

The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university in the Westwood district of Los Angeles, United States.

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University of Oxford

The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.

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University of Wisconsin–Madison

The University of Wisconsin–Madison (also known as University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin, UW, or regionally as UW–Madison, or simply Madison) is a public research university in Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

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Vitreous body

The vitreous body is the clear gel that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eyeball of humans and other vertebrates.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_pluripotent_stem_cell

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