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143 relations: A People's History of the United States, Adnan Khashoggi, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Alan Fiers, Albert Hakim, Alexander Cockburn, Amiram Nir, An American Life, Arms embargo, Arthur L. Liman, Ash-Shiraa, Banking in Switzerland, Benjamin Weir, BGM-71 TOW, Bible, Bill Clinton, Bill Moyers, Bob Woodward, Boland Amendment, Brent Scowcroft, Brokers of Death arms case, Brunei, Caspar Weinberger, Catholic Relief Services, CBS News, Central Intelligence Agency, CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking, Clair George, Colorectal cancer, Congressional committees investigating the Iran–Contra affair, Congressional Record, Conspiracy (criminal), Conspiracy theory, Contras, Corporate Air Services HPF821, Dark Alliance, Donald Regan, Doyle McManus, Duane Clarridge, Edmund Muskie, Edwin Meese, Elliott Abrams, Eugene Hasenfus, Fawn Hall, Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Foreign Policy, Frank Carlucci, Freedom of Information Act (United States), Gallup (company), George H. W. Bush, ..., George P. Shultz, George W. Cave, Golan Heights, Government negotiation with terrorists, Guerrilla warfare, Hezbollah, History of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Honduras, Howard Teicher, Howard Zinn, Indictment, Iran, Iran–Iraq War, Iran–United States relations, Islamic Jihad Organization, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Israel, Jean Mayer, Jeffrey St. Clair, Jimmy Carter, John Poindexter, John Tower, Joint committee, Lawrence Jenco, Lawrence Walsh, Lebanon, Lebanon hostage crisis, List of federal political scandals in the United States, List of Sultans of Brunei, Magnus Ranstorp, Manucher Ghorbanifar, Manuel Noriega, Mehdi Hashemi, Michael Ledeen, MIM-23 Hawk, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, National Archives and Records Administration, National Security Act of 1947, National Security Advisor (United States), National Security Agency, National Security Archive, Nicaragua, Obstruction of justice, October Surprise conspiracy theory, Odon, Indiana, Oliver North, Operation Staunch, Operation Tipped Kettle, Oval Office, Perjury, Political scandal, Post-truth politics, Presidency of George H. W. Bush, Presidency of Ronald Reagan, Presidential Commission (United States), Prime Minister of Israel, Public Citizen, Redaction, Richard Secord, Robert McFarlane, Ronald Reagan, Ronen Bergman, Ruhollah Khomeini, Salon (website), Sandinista National Liberation Front, Shimon Peres, Socialism, Soviet Empire, Soviet Union, State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list), Stroke, Supreme Court of the United States, Tehran, The New York Times, Time (magazine), Timeline of the Iran–Contra affair, Tower Commission, United States, United States and state-sponsored terrorism, United States Attorney General, United States Congress, United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, United States Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel, United States Government Publishing Office, United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs, United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, United States National Security Council, United States Secretary of Defense, United States Secretary of State, United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, William J. Casey, William Northrop. Expand index (93 more) »
A People's History of the United States
A People's History of the United States is a 1980 non-fiction book by American historian and political scientist Howard Zinn.
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Adnan Khashoggi
Adnan Khashoggi (عدنان خاشقجي; 25 July 1935 – 6 June 2017) was a Saudi Arabian billionaire international businessman, best known for his lavish business deals and lifestyle.
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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani
Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī or Hashemi Bahramani; 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an influential Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997.
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Alan Fiers
Alan Dale Fiers Jr, born on 15 April 1939, was President Ronald Reagan's Chief of the Central Intelligence Agency's Central American Task Force from October 1984 until his retirement in 1988.
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Albert Hakim
Albert A. Hakim (1936–April 25, 2003) was an Iranian-American businessman and a figure in the Iran-Contra affair.
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Alexander Cockburn
Alexander Claud Cockburn (6 June 1941 – 21 July 2012) was an Irish-American political journalist and writer.
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Amiram Nir
Amiram Nir (עמירם ניר; 8 December 1950 – 30 November 1988) was an Israeli journalist.
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An American Life
An American Life is the 1990 autobiography of former American President Ronald Reagan, ghostwritten by Robert Lindsey.
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Arms embargo
An arms embargo is an embargo that applies solely to weaponry, and may also apply to "dual-use technology".
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Arthur L. Liman
Arthur Lawrence LimanHaberman, Clyde.
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Ash-Shiraa
Ash-Shiraa (or Al-Shiraa) (Arabic: الشراع| The Sail in English) is an Arabic weekly magazine published in Lebanon.
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Banking in Switzerland
Banking in Switzerland began in the early 18th century through Switzerland's merchant trade and has, over the centuries, grown into a complex, regulated, and international industry.
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Benjamin Weir
Benjamin Weir (December 20, 1923—October 14, 2016) was an American hostage in Lebanon (1985).
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BGM-71 TOW
The BGM-71 TOW ("Tube-launched, Optically tracked, Wire-guided") is an American anti-tank missile.
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Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton (born August 19, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
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Bill Moyers
Billy Don Moyers (born June 5, 1934) is an American journalist and political commentator.
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Bob Woodward
Robert Upshur Woodward (born March 26, 1943) is an American investigative journalist and non-fiction author.
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Boland Amendment
The Boland Amendment is a term describing three U.S. legislative amendments between 1982 and 1984, all aimed at limiting U.S. government assistance to the Contras in Nicaragua.
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Brent Scowcroft
Brent Scowcroft (born March 19, 1925) is a retired United States Air Force lieutenant general who was the United States National Security Advisor under U.S. Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush.
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Brokers of Death arms case
The 'Brokers of Death' arms case (officially United States v. Samuel Evans et alJames Traub, New York, 8 February 1987) was a US trial in the 1980s relating to the attempted shipment of $2.5bn worth of US-made arms to Iran; it was described by the Los Angeles Times in 1986 as "the largest arms conspiracy prosecution ever brought by the Justice Department".
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Brunei
Brunei, officially the Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei Darussalam, Jawi), is a sovereign state located on the north coast of the island of Borneo in Southeast Asia.
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Caspar Weinberger
Caspar Willard "Cap" Weinberger (August 18, 1917 – March 28, 2006) was an American politician and businessman.
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Catholic Relief Services
Catholic Relief Services (CRS) is the international humanitarian agency of the Catholic community in the United States.
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CBS News
CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS.
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Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).
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CIA involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking
A number of writers have alleged that the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was involved in cocaine trafficking during the 1980s.
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Clair George
Clair Elroy George (August 3, 1930 – August 11, 2011) was a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA) clandestine service who oversaw all global espionage activities for the agency in the mid-1980s.
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Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
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Congressional committees investigating the Iran–Contra affair
The congressional committees investigating the Iran-Contra affair were committees of the United States House of Representatives and of the United States Senate formed in January 1987 to investigate the Iran–Contra affair.
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Congressional Record
The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress, published by the United States Government Publishing Office and issued when Congress is in session.
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Conspiracy (criminal)
In criminal law, a conspiracy is an agreement between two or more persons to commit a crime at some time in the future.
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Conspiracy theory
A conspiracy theory is an explanation of an event or situation that invokes an unwarranted conspiracy, generally one involving an illegal or harmful act carried out by government or other powerful actors.
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Contras
The Contras were the various U.S.-backed and funded right-wing rebel groups that were active from 1979 to the early 1990s in opposition to the socialist Sandinista Junta of National Reconstruction government in Nicaragua.
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Corporate Air Services HPF821
Corporate Air Services HPF821 was a transport aircraft delivering weapons via airdrop to the Nicaraguan Contras which was shot down over Nicaragua on 5 October 1986 by a surface-to-air missile.
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Dark Alliance
Dark Alliance: The CIA, the Contras, and the Crack Cocaine Explosion is a 1998 book by journalist Gary Webb.
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Donald Regan
Donald Thomas "Don" Regan (December 21, 1918 – June 10, 2003) was the 66th United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 to 1985 and the White House Chief of Staff from 1985 to 1987 in the Ronald Reagan Administration.
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Doyle McManus
Doyle McManus (born approximately 1952) is an American journalist, columnist (for the Los Angeles Times), Document Number: A188862699.
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Duane Clarridge
Duane Ramsdell "Dewey" Clarridge (April 16, 1932 – April 9, 2016) was an American senior operations officer for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and supervisor for more than 30 years.
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Edmund Muskie
Edmund Sixtus Muskie (March 28, 1914March 26, 1996) was an American statesman and political leader who served as the 58th United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter, a United States Senator from Maine from 1959 to 1980, the 64th Governor of Maine from 1955 to 1959, a member of the Maine House of Representatives from 1946 to 1951, and the Democratic Party's candidate for Vice President of the United States in the 1968 election.
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Edwin Meese
Edwin Meese III (born December 2, 1931) is an American attorney, law professor, author and member of the Republican Party who served in official capacities within the Ronald Reagan Gubernatorial Administration (1967–1974), the Reagan Presidential Transition Team (1980) and the Reagan White House (1981–1985), eventually rising to hold the position of the 75th Attorney General of the United States (1985–1988).
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Elliott Abrams
Elliott Abrams (born January 24, 1948) is an American diplomat, lawyer, and political scientist who served in foreign policy positions for Presidents Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush.
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Eugene Hasenfus
Eugene H. Hasenfus is a former United States Marine who helped fly weapons shipments on behalf of the U.S. government to the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
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Fawn Hall
Fawn Hall (born 1959) is a former secretary to Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North and a notable figure in the Iran-Contra affair by helping him shred confidential documents.
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Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution
The Fifth Amendment (Amendment V) to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights and, among other things, protects individuals from being compelled to be witnesses against themselves in criminal cases.
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Foreign Policy
Foreign Policy is an American news publication, founded in 1970 and focused on global affairs, current events, and domestic and international policy.
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Frank Carlucci
Frank Charles Carlucci III (October 18, 1930 – June 3, 2018) was an American politician and diplomat who served as the United States Secretary of Defense from 1987 to 1989 in the administration of President Ronald Reagan.
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Freedom of Information Act (United States)
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA),, is a federal freedom of information law that allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased information and documents controlled by the United States government.
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Gallup (company)
Gallup, Inc. is an American research-based, global performance-management consulting company.
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George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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George P. Shultz
George Pratt Shultz (born December 13, 1920) is an American economist, elder statesman, and businessman.
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George W. Cave
George W. Cave was a CIA operations officer and authority on Iran who took part in the Iran-Contra arms sale.
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Golan Heights
The Golan Heights (هضبة الجولان or مرتفعات الجولان, רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a region in the Levant, spanning about.
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Government negotiation with terrorists
No negotiation with terrorists refers a policy followed by mostly Western countries to not negotiate with terrorists; this policy is often applied during hostage crises.
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Guerrilla warfare
Guerrilla warfare is a form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics including ambushes, sabotage, raids, petty warfare, hit-and-run tactics, and mobility to fight a larger and less-mobile traditional military.
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Hezbollah
Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.
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History of the Islamic Republic of Iran
One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
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Honduras
Honduras, officially the Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras), is a republic in Central America.
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Howard Teicher
Howard Teicher served as Director for the Near East and South Asia and Senior Director for Political-Military Affairs on the staff of the National Security Council from 1982 to 1987, after working under Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan at the Departments of State and Defense.
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Howard Zinn
Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922January 27, 2010) was an American historian, playwright, and social activist.
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Indictment
An indictment is a formal accusation that a person has committed a crime.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Iran–Iraq War
The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.
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Iran–United States relations
As of 2018, there are no formal diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States.
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Islamic Jihad Organization
The Islamic Jihad Organization – IJO (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي., Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War.
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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps
The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.
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Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.
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Jean Mayer
Jean Mayer (19 April 1920 – 1 January 1993) was a French-American scientist best known for his research on the physiological bases of hunger and the metabolism of essential nutrients, and for his role in shaping policy on world hunger at both the national and international levels.
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Jeffrey St. Clair
Jeffrey St.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.
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John Poindexter
John Marlan Poindexter (born August 12, 1936) is a retired United States naval officer and Department of Defense official.
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John Tower
John Goodwin Tower (September 29, 1925 – April 5, 1991) was the first Republican United States Senator from Texas since Reconstruction.
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Joint committee
A joint committee is a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature.
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Lawrence Jenco
Servite Father Lawrence Martin Jenco, (27 November 1934 - 19 July 1996), a native of Joliet, Illinois, United States, was an American Catholic priest famous for being held hostage in Beirut, Lebanon by Islamic radicals.
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Lawrence Walsh
Lawrence Edward Walsh (January 8, 1912 – March 19, 2014) was an American lawyer and former U.S. District Court judge and Deputy Attorney General who was appointed Independent Counsel in December 1986 to investigate the Iran–Contra affair during the Reagan Administration.
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Lebanon
Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.
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Lebanon hostage crisis
The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height.
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List of federal political scandals in the United States
This article provides a list of political scandals that involve officials from the government of the United States, sorted from most recent date to least recent.
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List of Sultans of Brunei
The Sultan of Brunei is the head of state and absolute monarch of Brunei.
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Magnus Ranstorp
Per Magnus Ranstorp (born 13 March 1965 in Hästveda) is a Swedish scholar who has written about Hizballah, Hamas, al-Qaeda and other militant Islamic movements.
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Manucher Ghorbanifar
Manucher Ghorbanifar (منوچهر قربانیفر; nicknamed Gorba, born May 9, 1945) is an expatriate Iranian arms dealer and former SAVAK agent.
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Manuel Noriega
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (February 11, 1934 – May 29, 2017) was a Panamanian politician and military officer who was the de facto ruler of Panama from 1983 to 1989.
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Mehdi Hashemi
Mehdi Hashemi (1946 – 28 September 1987) was an Iranian Shi'a cleric who was defrocked by the Special Clerical Court.
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Michael Ledeen
Michael Arthur Ledeen (born August 1, 1941) is an American historian, neoconservative foreign policy analyst, and author with a PhD in philosophy.
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MIM-23 Hawk
The Raytheon MIM-23 Hawk is an American medium-range surface-to-air missile.
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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Mohammad Rezā Šāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.
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National Archives and Records Administration
The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives.
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National Security Act of 1947
The National Security Act of 1947 was a major restructuring of the United States government's military and intelligence agencies following World War II.
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National Security Advisor (United States)
The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), commonly referred to as the National Security Advisor (NSA) or at times informally termed the NSC Advisor,The National Security Advisor and Staff: p. 1.
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National Security Agency
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.
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National Security Archive
The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy, the National Security Archive is an investigative journalism center, open government advocate, international affairs research institute, and is the largest repository of declassified U.S. documents outside the federal government.
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Nicaragua
Nicaragua, officially the Republic of Nicaragua, is the largest country in the Central American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north, the Caribbean to the east, Costa Rica to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Obstruction of justice
Obstruction of justice, in United States jurisdictions, is the crime of obstructing prosecutors or other (usually government) officials.
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October Surprise conspiracy theory
The October Surprise conspiracy theory refers to a plot to influence the outcome of the 1980 United States presidential election, contested between incumbent president Jimmy Carter (D–GA) and his opponent, former California governor Ronald Reagan (R–CA).
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Odon, Indiana
Odon is a town in Madison Township, Daviess County, Indiana, United States.
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Oliver North
Oliver Laurence North (born October 7, 1943) is an American political commentator, television host, military historian, author, and retired United States Marine Corps Lieutenant Colonel.
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Operation Staunch
Operation Staunch was created in spring 1983 by the United States State Department to stop the flow of U.S. arms to Iran.
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Operation Tipped Kettle
Operation Tipped Kettle was a 1980s US-Israeli government operation transferring weapons seized by Israeli forces from the Palestine Liberation Organization in Lebanon during Operation Peace for Galilee to the Nicaraguan Contras.
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Oval Office
The Oval Office is the working office space of the President of the United States located in the West Wing of the White House, Washington, DC.
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Perjury
Perjury is the intentional act of swearing a false oath or falsifying an affirmation to tell the truth, whether spoken or in writing, concerning matters a generation material to an official proceeding.
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Political scandal
A political scandal is an action or event regarded as morally or legally wrong and causing general public outrage.
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Post-truth politics
Post-truth politics (also called post-factual politics and post-reality politics) is a political culture in which debate is framed largely by appeals to emotion disconnected from the details of policy, and by the repeated assertion of talking points to which factual rebuttals are ignored.
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Presidency of George H. W. Bush
The presidency of George H. W. Bush began at noon EST on January 20, 1989, when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as 41st President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993.
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Presidency of Ronald Reagan
The presidency of Ronald Reagan began at noon EST on January 20, 1981, when Ronald Reagan was inaugurated as 40th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1989.
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Presidential Commission (United States)
In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete a specific, special investigation or research.
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Prime Minister of Israel
The Prime Minister of Israel (רֹאשׁ הַמֶּמְשָׁלָה, Rosh HaMemshala, lit. Head of the Government, Hebrew acronym: רה״מ; رئيس الحكومة, Ra'īs al-Ḥukūma) is the head of government of Israel and the most powerful figure in Israeli politics.
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Public Citizen
Public Citizen is a non-profit, liberal / progressive consumer rights advocacy group and think tank based in Washington, D.C., United States, with a branch in Austin, Texas.
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Redaction
Redaction is a form of editing in which multiple source texts are combined (redacted) and altered slightly to make a single document.
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Richard Secord
Major General Richard Vernon Secord, Retired (born July 6, 1932), is a United States Air Force officer with a notable career in covert operations.
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Robert McFarlane
Robert Carl "Bud" McFarlane (born July 12, 1937) is a retired Marine Corps officer who served as National Security Advisor to President of the United States Ronald Reagan from 1983 through 1985.
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.
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Ronen Bergman
Ronen Bergman (רונן ברגמן; born June 16, 1972) is an Israeli investigative journalist and author.
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Ruhollah Khomeini
Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روحالله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.
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Salon (website)
Salon is an American news and opinion website, created by David Talbot in 1995 and currently owned by the Salon Media Group.
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Sandinista National Liberation Front
The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) is a democratic socialist political party in Nicaragua.
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Shimon Peres
Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס,; born Szymon Perski; August 2, 1923 – September 28, 2016) was an Israeli politician who served as the ninth President of Israel (2007–2014), the Prime Minister of Israel (twice), and the Interim Prime Minister, in the 1970s to the 1990s.
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Socialism
Socialism is a range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership and democratic control of the means of production as well as the political theories and movements associated with them.
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Soviet Empire
The informal term "Soviet Empire" is used by critics of the Soviet Union and Russian nationalists"The borders of the Russian World extend significantly farther than borders of Russian Federation.
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Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
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State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)
"State Sponsors of Terrorism" is a designation applied by the United States Department of State to countries which the Department alleges to have "repeatedly provided support for acts of international terrorism".
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Supreme Court of the United States
The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym SCOTUS) is the highest federal court of the United States.
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Tehran
Tehran (تهران) is the capital of Iran and Tehran Province.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Time (magazine)
Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.
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Timeline of the Iran–Contra affair
The Iran–Contra affair was a political scandal in the United States that came to light in November 1986.
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Tower Commission
The Tower Commission was commissioned on December 1, 1986 by United States president Ronald Reagan in response to the Iran–Contra affair, in which senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States and state-sponsored terrorism
The United States has at various times in recent history provided support to terrorist and paramilitary organizations around the world.
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United States Attorney General
The United States Attorney General (A.G.) is the head of the United States Department of Justice per, concerned with all legal affairs, and is the chief lawyer of the United States government.
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United States Congress
The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the Federal government of the United States.
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United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit (in case citations, D.C. Cir.) known informally as the D.C. Circuit, is the federal appellate court for the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.
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United States Department of Justice Office of Special Counsel
The Office of Special Counsel is an office of the United States Department of Justice.
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United States Government Publishing Office
The United States Government Publishing Office (GPO) (formerly the Government Printing Office) is an agency of the legislative branch of the United States federal government.
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United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
The United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs of the United States House of Representatives, also known as the House Foreign Affairs Committee, is a standing committee of the United States House of Representatives, which has jurisdiction over bills and investigations related to the foreign affairs of the United States.
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United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI), also known as the House Intelligence Committee, is a committee of the United States House of Representatives, currently chaired by Devin Nunes.
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United States National Security Council
The White House National Security Council (NSC) is the principal forum used by the President of the United States for consideration of national security, military matters, and foreign policy matters with senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials and is part of the executive office of the president of the United States.
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United States Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of Defense (SecDef) is the leader and chief executive officer of the Department of Defense, the executive department of the Armed Forces of the United States of America.
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United States Secretary of State
The Secretary of State is a senior official of the federal government of the United States of America, and as head of the U.S. Department of State, is principally concerned with foreign policy and is considered to be the U.S. government's equivalent of a Minister for Foreign Affairs.
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United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (sometimes referred to as the Intelligence Committee or SSCI) is dedicated to overseeing the United States Intelligence Community—the agencies and bureaus of the federal government of the United States who provide information and analysis for leaders of the executive and legislative branches.
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Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
The Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC), formerly known as the National Naval Medical Center and colloquially referred to as the Bethesda Naval Hospital, Walter Reed, or Navy Med, is a United States' tri-service military medical center, located in the community of Bethesda, Maryland, near the headquarters of the National Institutes of Health.
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William J. Casey
William Joseph "Bill" Casey (March 13, 1913 – May 6, 1987) was the Director of Central Intelligence from 1981 to 1987.
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William Northrop
William Warren "Will" Northrop (born c. 1944) is a military historian, investigator and writer.
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Redirects here:
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Contra_affair
