32 relations: Alternative medicine, Biometrics, Blinded experiment, Cornea, Department of Health (Australia), Diagnosis, Edzard Ernst, Emanuel Felke, Evidence-based medicine, False positives and false negatives, Gestation, Glaucoma, Health insurance, Homeopathy, Ignaz von Peczely, Iris (anatomy), Iris recognition, Moleosophy, Nils Liljequist, Phenotype, Phrenology, Physician, Pseudoscience, Quackery, Scientific method, Sclera, Slit lamp, Stroma of iris, Sweden, Systemic disease, The BMJ, Tissue (biology).
Alternative medicine
Alternative medicine, fringe medicine, pseudomedicine or simply questionable medicine is the use and promotion of practices which are unproven, disproven, impossible to prove, or excessively harmful in relation to their effect — in the attempt to achieve the healing effects of medicine.--> --> --> They differ from experimental medicine in that the latter employs responsible investigation, and accepts results that show it to be ineffective. The scientific consensus is that alternative therapies either do not, or cannot, work. In some cases laws of nature are violated by their basic claims; in some the treatment is so much worse that its use is unethical. Alternative practices, products, and therapies range from only ineffective to having known harmful and toxic effects.--> Alternative therapies may be credited for perceived improvement through placebo effects, decreased use or effect of medical treatment (and therefore either decreased side effects; or nocebo effects towards standard treatment),--> or the natural course of the condition or disease. Alternative treatment is not the same as experimental treatment or traditional medicine, although both can be misused in ways that are alternative. Alternative or complementary medicine is dangerous because it may discourage people from getting the best possible treatment, and may lead to a false understanding of the body and of science.-->---> Alternative medicine is used by a significant number of people, though its popularity is often overstated.--> Large amounts of funding go to testing alternative medicine, with more than US$2.5 billion spent by the United States government alone.--> Almost none show any effect beyond that of false treatment,--> and most studies showing any effect have been statistical flukes. Alternative medicine is a highly profitable industry, with a strong lobby. This fact is often overlooked by media or intentionally kept hidden, with alternative practice being portrayed positively when compared to "big pharma". --> The lobby has successfully pushed for alternative therapies to be subject to far less regulation than conventional medicine.--> Alternative therapies may even be allowed to promote use when there is demonstrably no effect, only a tradition of use. Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine and health care providers varies between and within countries. Despite laws making it illegal to market or promote alternative therapies for use in cancer treatment, many practitioners promote them.--> Alternative medicine is criticized for taking advantage of the weakest members of society.--! Terminology has shifted over time, reflecting the preferred branding of practitioners.. Science Based Medicine--> For example, the United States National Institutes of Health department studying alternative medicine, currently named National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, was established as the Office of Alternative Medicine and was renamed the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine before obtaining its current name. Therapies are often framed as "natural" or "holistic", in apparent opposition to conventional medicine which is "artificial" and "narrow in scope", statements which are intentionally misleading. --> When used together with functional medical treatment, alternative therapies do not "complement" (improve the effect of, or mitigate the side effects of) treatment.--> Significant drug interactions caused by alternative therapies may instead negatively impact functional treatment, making it less effective, notably in cancer.--> Alternative diagnoses and treatments are not part of medicine, or of science-based curricula in medical schools, nor are they used in any practice based on scientific knowledge or experience.--> Alternative therapies are often based on religious belief, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or lies.--> Alternative medicine is based on misleading statements, quackery, pseudoscience, antiscience, fraud, and poor scientific methodology. Promoting alternative medicine has been called dangerous and unethical.--> Testing alternative medicine that has no scientific basis has been called a waste of scarce research resources.--> Critics state that "there is really no such thing as alternative medicine, just medicine that works and medicine that doesn't",--> that the very idea of "alternative" treatments is paradoxical, as any treatment proven to work is by definition "medicine".-->.
New!!: Iridology and Alternative medicine · See more »
Biometrics
Biometrics is the technical term for body measurements and calculations.
New!!: Iridology and Biometrics · See more »
Blinded experiment
A blind or blinded-experiment is an experiment in which information about the test is masked (kept) from the participant, to reduce or eliminate bias, until after a trial outcome is known.
New!!: Iridology and Blinded experiment · See more »
Cornea
The cornea is the transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber.
New!!: Iridology and Cornea · See more »
Department of Health (Australia)
The Department of Health is a department of the Government of Australia charged with overseeing the running of Australia's health system, including supporting universal and affordable access to medical, pharmaceutical and hospital services, as well as helping people to stay healthy through health promotion, participation and exercise and other disease prevention activities.
New!!: Iridology and Department of Health (Australia) · See more »
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is the identification of the nature and cause of a certain phenomenon.
New!!: Iridology and Diagnosis · See more »
Edzard Ernst
Edzard Ernst (born 30 January 1948) is an academic physician and researcher specializing in the study of complementary and alternative medicine.
New!!: Iridology and Edzard Ernst · See more »
Emanuel Felke
The Protestant pastor Leopold Erdmann Emanuel Felke (born 7 February 1856 in Kläden near Stendal, Germany; died 16 August 1926 in Munich, buried in Bad Sobernheim) was a naturopath who developed the eponymous Felke cure, and who was active in Repelen near Moers from 1896 to 1914 and in Bad Sobernheim from 1915 to 1925.
New!!: Iridology and Emanuel Felke · See more »
Evidence-based medicine
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is an approach to medical practice intended to optimize decision-making by emphasizing the use of evidence from well-designed and well-conducted research.
New!!: Iridology and Evidence-based medicine · See more »
False positives and false negatives
In medical testing, and more generally in binary classification, a false positive is an error in data reporting in which a test result improperly indicates presence of a condition, such as a disease (the result is positive), when in reality it is not present, while a false negative is an error in which a test result improperly indicates no presence of a condition (the result is negative), when in reality it is present.
New!!: Iridology and False positives and false negatives · See more »
Gestation
Gestation is the carrying of an embryo or fetus inside viviparous animals.
New!!: Iridology and Gestation · See more »
Glaucoma
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss.
New!!: Iridology and Glaucoma · See more »
Health insurance
Health insurance is insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical expenses, spreading the risk over a large number of persons.
New!!: Iridology and Health insurance · See more »
Homeopathy
Homeopathy or homœopathy is a system of alternative medicine developed in 1796 by Samuel Hahnemann, based on his doctrine of like cures like (similia similibus curentur), a claim that a substance that causes the symptoms of a disease in healthy people would cure similar symptoms in sick people.
New!!: Iridology and Homeopathy · See more »
Ignaz von Peczely
Ignaz von Peczely (January 26, 1826 – July 14, 1911) was a Hungarian scientist, physician, homeopath, considered the father of modern iridology.
New!!: Iridology and Ignaz von Peczely · See more »
Iris (anatomy)
In humans and most mammals and birds, the iris (plural: irides or irises) is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupil and thus the amount of light reaching the retina.
New!!: Iridology and Iris (anatomy) · See more »
Iris recognition
Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification that uses mathematical pattern-recognition techniques on video images of one or both of the irises of an individual's eyes, whose complex patterns are unique, stable, and can be seen from some distance.
New!!: Iridology and Iris recognition · See more »
Moleosophy
Moleosophy or moleomancy is a technique of divination and fortune telling based upon the observation and interpretation of bodily marks — primarily those of the melanocytic nevus condition (i.e. moles).
New!!: Iridology and Moleosophy · See more »
Nils Liljequist
Nils Liljequist (1851–1936) was a Swedish priest, healer, doctor, and one of the fathers of iridology.
New!!: Iridology and Nils Liljequist · See more »
Phenotype
A phenotype is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest).
New!!: Iridology and Phenotype · See more »
Phrenology
Phrenology is a pseudomedicine primarily focused on measurements of the human skull, based on the concept that the brain is the organ of the mind, and that certain brain areas have localized, specific functions or modules.
New!!: Iridology and Phrenology · See more »
Physician
A physician, medical practitioner, medical doctor, or simply doctor is a professional who practises medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining, or restoring health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury, and other physical and mental impairments.
New!!: Iridology and Physician · See more »
Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual, but are incompatible with the scientific method.
New!!: Iridology and Pseudoscience · See more »
Quackery
Quackery or health fraud is the promotion of fraudulent or ignorant medical practices.
New!!: Iridology and Quackery · See more »
Scientific method
Scientific method is an empirical method of knowledge acquisition, which has characterized the development of natural science since at least the 17th century, involving careful observation, which includes rigorous skepticism about what one observes, given that cognitive assumptions about how the world works influence how one interprets a percept; formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental testing and measurement of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings.
New!!: Iridology and Scientific method · See more »
Sclera
The sclera, also known as the white of the eye, is the opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the human eye containing mainly collagen and some elastic fiber.
New!!: Iridology and Sclera · See more »
Slit lamp
The slit lamp is an instrument consisting of a high-intensity light source that can be focused to shine a thin sheet of light into the eye.
New!!: Iridology and Slit lamp · See more »
Stroma of iris
The stroma of the iris is a fibrovascular layer of tissue.
New!!: Iridology and Stroma of iris · See more »
Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
New!!: Iridology and Sweden · See more »
Systemic disease
A systemic disease is one that affects a number of organs and tissues, or affects the body as a whole.
New!!: Iridology and Systemic disease · See more »
The BMJ
The BMJ is a weekly peer-reviewed medical journal.
New!!: Iridology and The BMJ · See more »
Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
New!!: Iridology and Tissue (biology) · See more »
Redirects here:
Eyeology, Iridodiagnosis, Iridologist, Irodology, Irridologist, Scurf rim, Scurf ring.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iridology