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94 relations: Adolf Schlagintweit, Afaq Khoja, Arabic, Baig, Beijing, Boxer Rebellion, Chin Haw, China, Confucianism, Dali City, Daoguang Emperor, Demographics of China, Dong Fuxiang, Du Wenxiu, Dungan people, Dungan Revolt (1862–77), Dungan Revolt (1895–96), Dzungar Khanate, Eight Banners, Ethnic minorities in China, Gansu, Gedimu, Germans, Gongbei (Islamic architecture), Guangzhou, Han Chinese, Han Kitab, Hangzhou, Henan, Hui people, Islam during the Ming dynasty, Islam during the Song dynasty, Islam during the Tang dynasty, Islam during the Yuan dynasty, Islam in New Zealand, Jahangir Khoja, Jahriyya, Jahriyya revolt, Jiaqing Emperor, Kansu Braves, Kashgar, Khoja (Turkestan), Khufiyya, Kokand, Lake Balkhash, Linxia City, Liu Zhi (scholar), Ma Anliang, Ma Dahan, Ma Fulu, ..., Ma Fuxiang, Ma Guoliang, Ma Laichi, Ma Mingxin, Ma Qianling, Ma Rulong, Ma Wanfu, Ma Yonglin, Ma Zhan'ao, Manchu people, Mandate of Heaven, Marshall Broomhall, Menhuan, Ming dynasty, Missionary, Muslim, Myanmar, Naqshbandi, New Zealand, Ningxia, Otago, Panthay Rebellion, Province, Qadiriyya, Qi Jingyi, Qianlong Emperor, Qing dynasty, Religion in China, Russian Empire, Salar people, Shaanxi, Sufism, Tarim Basin, Tariqa, Tian Shan, Uqturpan County, Wali Khan (khoja), Wang Daiyu, Xi'an, Xinjiang, Yaqub Beg, Yarkant County, Yunnan, Zuo Zongtang. Expand index (44 more) »
Adolf Schlagintweit
Adolf von Schlagintweit (9 January 1829 − 26 August 1857) was a German botanist and explorer of Central Asia.
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Afaq Khoja
Afaq Khoja (1626 – 1694), born Hidayat Allah (هدایتالله), a.k.a. Apaq Xoja, or more properly Āfāq Khwāja (Persian: آفاق خواجه) was a religious and political leader with the title of Khwaja in Kashgaria (in present-day southern Xinjiang, China).
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Baig
Baig, also commonly spelled Beg, or Begh (Persian: بیگ, Bay, Turkish: Bey) was a title of Turko-Mongol origin, which is today used as a name to identify lineage.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion (拳亂), Boxer Uprising or Yihetuan Movement (義和團運動) was a violent anti-foreign, anti-colonial and anti-Christian uprising that took place in China between 1899 and 1901, toward the end of the Qing dynasty.
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Chin Haw
Chin Haw or Chin Ho (Thai: จีนฮ่อ) are Chinese people who migrated to Thailand via Burma or Laos.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
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Dali City
Dali City, formerly known as Tali, is the county-level seat of the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Yunnan.
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Daoguang Emperor
The Daoguang Emperor (16 September 1782 – 25 February 1850) was the eighth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the sixth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1820 to 1850.
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Demographics of China
The demographics of China are identified by a large population with a relatively small youth division, which was partially a result of China's one-child policy, which is now modified to a two-child policy in 2015.
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Dong Fuxiang
Dong Fuxiang (1839–1908), courtesy name Xingwu (星五), was a Chinese military general who lived in the late Qing dynasty.
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Du Wenxiu
Du Wenxiu (Xiao'erjing: ٔدُﻮْ وٌ ﺷِﯿَﻮْ ْ) (1823 to 1872) was the Chinese Muslim leader of the Panthay Rebellion, an anti-Qing revolt in China during the Qing dynasty.
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Dungan people
Dungan (Хуэйзў, Xuejzw xwɛitsu, Xiao'erjing: حُوِ ظُ;; Xiao'erjing: دْوقًا ظُ; Дунгане, Dungane; Дунгандар, Dunğandar, دۇنغاندار; Дүңгендер, Du'n'gender, دٷڭگەندەر) is a term used in territories of the former Soviet Union to refer to a group of Muslim people of Chinese origin.
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Dungan Revolt (1862–77)
The Dungan Revolt (1862–77) or Tongzhi Hui Revolt (Xiao'erjing: توْجِ حُوِ بِيًا/لُوًا, Тунҗы Хуэй Бян/Луан) or Hui (Muslim) Minorities War was a mainly ethnic and religious war fought in 19th-century western China, mostly during the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor (r. 1861–75) of the Qing dynasty.
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Dungan Revolt (1895–96)
The Dungan Revolt (189596) was a rebellion of various Chinese Muslim ethnic groups in Qinghai and Gansu against the Qing dynasty, that originated because of a violent dispute between two Sufi orders of the same sect.
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Dzungar Khanate
The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian Steppe.
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Eight Banners
The Eight Banners (in Manchu: jakūn gūsa) were administrative/military divisions under the Qing dynasty into which all Manchu households were placed.
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Ethnic minorities in China
Ethnic minorities in China are the non-Han Chinese population in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
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Gansu
Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.
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Gedimu
Gedimu or Qadim (قديم) is the earliest school of Islam in China.
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Germans
Germans (Deutsche) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe, who share a common German ancestry, culture and history.
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Gongbei (Islamic architecture)
Gongbei (from قُبّة (qubba), گنبد gonbad, meaning "dome", "cupola"), is a term used by the Hui people in Northwest China for an Islamic shrine complex centered on a grave of a Sufi master, typically the founder of a menhuan (a Chinese Sufi sect, or a "saintly lineage").
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Guangzhou
Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong.
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Han Chinese
The Han Chinese,.
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Han Kitab
The Han Kitab (d) was a collection of Chinese Islamic texts, written by Chinese Muslims, which synthesized Islam and Confucianism.
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Hangzhou
Hangzhou (Mandarin:; local dialect: /ɦɑŋ tseɪ/) formerly romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province in East China.
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Henan
Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country.
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Hui people
The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: خُوِذُو; Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Han Chinese adherents of the Muslim faith found throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan region.
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Islam during the Ming dynasty
As the Yuan dynasty ended, many Mongols as well as the Muslims who came with them remained in China.
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Islam during the Song dynasty
The transition from the Tang to the Song dynasty (960–1279) in China did not greatly interrupt the trends of Muslims established during the Tang.
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Islam during the Tang dynasty
The History of Islam in China goes back to the earliest years of Islam.
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Islam during the Yuan dynasty
The establishment of the Yuan dynasty in China in the 13th century dramatically increased the number of Muslims in China.
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Islam in New Zealand
Islam in New Zealand is a minority religious affiliation.
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Jahangir Khoja
Jahanghir Khoja, Jāhangīr Khwāja, or Jihangir Khoja (جهانگیر خوجا, جهانگير خوجة,; 1788 – 1828) was a member of the influential East Turkestan Afaqi khoja clan, who managed to wrest Kashgaria from the Qing Empire's power for a few years in the 1820s.
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Jahriyya
Jahriyya (also spelled Jahrīya or Jahriyah) is a menhuan (Sufi order) in China, commonly called the New Teaching (Xinjiao).
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Jahriyya revolt
In the Jahriyya revolt of 1781 sectarian violence between two suborders of the Naqshbandi Sufis, the Jahriyya Sufi Muslims and their rivals, the Khafiyya Sufi Muslims, led to Qing intervention to stop the fighting between the two, which in turn led to a Jahriyya Sufi Muslim rebellion which the Qing dynasty in China crushed with the help of the Khufiyya (Khafiyya) Sufi Muslims.
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Jiaqing Emperor
The Jiaqing Emperor (13 November 1760 – 2 September 1820), personal name Yongyan, was the seventh emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fifth Qing emperor to rule over China, from 1796 to 1820.
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Kansu Braves
The Kansu Braves or Gansu Army was a unit of 10,000 Chinese Muslim troops from the northwestern province of Kansu (now Gansu) in the last decades the Qing dynasty (1644–1912).
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Kashgar
Kashgar is an oasis city in Xinjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Khoja (Turkestan)
Khoja or Khwaja, (Қожа, خوجا), a Persian word literally meaning 'master', was used in Central Asia as a title of the descendants of the noted Central Asian Naqshbandi Sufi teacher, Ahmad Kasani (1461–1542) or others in the Naqshbandi intellectual lineage prior to Baha al-din Naqshband.
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Khufiyya
Khufiyya (Arabic: خفيه, the silent ones) is a Sufist order of Chinese Islam.
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Kokand
Kokand (Qo‘qon, Қўқон, قوقان; Xuqand; Chagatai: خوقند, Xuqand; Xökand) is a city in Fergana Region in eastern Uzbekistan, at the southwestern edge of the Fergana Valley.
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Lake Balkhash
Lake Balkhash (Балқаш көлі,; Озеро Балхаш, Ozero Balhaš) is one of the largest lakes in Asia and 15th largest in the world.
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Linxia City
Linxia City, once known as Hezhou, is a county-level city in the province of Gansu of the People's Republic of China, and the capital of the multi-ethnic Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture.
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Liu Zhi (scholar)
Liu Zhi (Xiao'erjing: ﻟِﯿَﻮْ جِ, ca. 1660 – ca. 1739), or Liu Chih, was a Chinese Sunni Muslim scholar and philosopher of the Qing dynasty, belonging to the Huiru (Muslim) school of Neoconfucian thought.
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Ma Anliang
Ma Anliang (French romanization: Ma-ngan-leang, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ءًا ﻟِﯿْﺎ); 1855 – November 24, 1918) was a Hui born in Hezhou, Gansu, China. He became a general in the Qing dynasty army, and of the Republic of China. His father was Ma Zhan'ao, and his younger brothers were Ma Guoliang and Ma Suiliang (Ma Sui-liang) 馬遂良. Ma was educated in Chinese and Islamic education. His Muslim name was Abdul Majid 阿卜都里默直底.
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Ma Dahan
Ma Dahan (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ دَا هً) was a Dongxiang Muslim who rebelled against the Qing dynasty in 1895.
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Ma Fulu
Ma Fulu (Chinese: 马福禄; Pinyin: Mǎ Fúlù, Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﻓُﻮْ ﻟُﻮْ; 1854–1900), a Chinese Muslim, was the son of General Ma Qianling, and the brother of Ma Fucai, Ma Fushou, and Ma Fuxiang.
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Ma Fuxiang
Ma Fuxiang (French romanization: Ma-Fou-hiang or Ma Fou-siang; 4 February 1876 – 19 August 1932) was a Chinese military and political leader spanning the Qing Dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations, and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of China.
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Ma Guoliang
Ma Guoliang was a Hui Muslim military officer in the Qing dynasty, the son of General Ma Zhanao and younger brother of General Ma Anliang and older brother of Ma Suiliang (Ma Sui-liang) 馬遂良.
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Ma Laichi
Ma Laichi (1681? – 1766?), also known as Abu 'l-Futūh Ma Laichi, was a Chinese Sufi master, who brought the Khufiyya movement to China and created the Huasi menhuan (Sufi order) - the earliest and most important Naqshbandi (نقشبندية，納克什班迪) order in Chinese Muslim history.
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Ma Mingxin
Ma Mingxin (1719–1781) was a Chinese Sufi master, the founder of the Jahriyya menhuan (Naqshbandi Sufi order).
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Ma Qianling
Ma Qianling (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﺛِﯿًﺎ لٍ, 1826－1910) was a Chinese Muslim General who defected to the Qing Dynasty in 1872 during the Dungan revolt along with his superior General Ma Zhanao and General Ma Haiyan.
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Ma Rulong
Ma Rulong (Ma Julung in Wade Giles) was a Chinese Muslim who originally rebelled against the Qing dynasty along with Du Wenxiu in the Panthay Rebellion.
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Ma Wanfu
Ma Wanfu (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ وًا ﻓُﻮْ, 1934–1849), also known as Hajji Guoyuan 果园哈只, was a Dongxiang Imam of the village Guoyuan (果园村) in Hezhou (present day Dongxiang Autonomous County in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu province).
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Ma Yonglin
Ma Yonglin (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ ﻳْﻮ لٍ) was a Chinese Muslim leader of the Multicoloured Mosque who participated in the Dungan revolt and the Muslim revolt of 1895 against the Qing dynasty.
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Ma Zhan'ao
Ma Zhan’ao (1830–1886) (Xiao'erjing: ﻣَﺎ جً اَﻮْ) was a Chinese Muslim General who defected to the Qing Dynasty in 1872 during the Dungan revolt along with his General Ma Qianling and General Ma Haiyan who served under him during the revolt.
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Manchu people
The Manchu are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.
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Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China.
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Marshall Broomhall
Marshall B. Broomhall (Chinese: 海恩波; 17 July 1866 – 24 October 1937), was a British Protestant Christian missionary to China with the China Inland Mission.
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Menhuan
Menhuan is a term used by Chinese-speaking Muslims for a Chinese-style Sufi order.
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Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
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Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Naqshbandi
The Naqshbandi (نقشبندی) or Naqshbandiyah is a major Sunni spiritual order of Sufism.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Ningxia
Ningxia (pronounced), officially the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (NHAR), is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest part of the country.
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Otago
Otago is a region of New Zealand in the south of the South Island administered by the Otago Regional Council.
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Panthay Rebellion
The Panthay rebellion (1856–1873), known to Chinese as the Du Wenxiu Rebellion (Tu Wen-hsiu Rebellion), was a rebellion of the Muslim Hui people and other (Muslim) ethnic minorities against the Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty in southwestern Yunnan Province, as part of a wave of Hui-led multi-ethnic unrest.
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Province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state.
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Qadiriyya
The Qadiriyya (القادريه, قادریه, also transliterated Qadri, Qadriya, Kadri, Elkadri, Elkadry, Aladray, Alkadrie, Adray, Kadray, Qadiri,"Quadri" or Qadri) are members of the Qadiri tariqa (Sufi order).
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Qi Jingyi
Qi Jingyi (1656-1719), also known as Hilal al-Din, was a Chinese Sufi master, instrumental in the spread of the Qadiriyyah school among Chinese Muslims.
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Qianlong Emperor
The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Religion in China
China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Salar people
The Salar people (Salır, سالار;, Xiao'erjing: صَالاذُ) are an ethnic minority of China who largely speak the Salar language, an Oghuz Turkic language.
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Shaanxi
Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.
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Sufism
Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.
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Tarim Basin
The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in northwest China occupying an area of about.
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Tariqa
A tariqa (or tariqah; طريقة) is a school or order of Sufism, or specifically a concept for the mystical teaching and spiritual practices of such an order with the aim of seeking Haqiqa, which translates as "ultimate truth".
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Tian Shan
The Tian Shan,, also known as the Tengri Tagh, meaning the Mountains of Heaven or the Heavenly Mountain, is a large system of mountain ranges located in Central Asia.
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Uqturpan County
Uqturpan (Wushi) County or Uchturpan County is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region under the administration of Aksu Prefecture.
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Wali Khan (khoja)
Wali Khan (sometimes spelled Vālī-khan) was a member of the Ak Taghliq clan of East Turkestan Khojas, who invaded Kashgaria from the Kokand during the Afaqi Khoja revolts on several occasions in the 1850s, and succeeded in ruling Kashgar for a short while.
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Wang Daiyu
Wáng Dàiyú (Xiao'erjing: ٔوْا دَﻰْ ﻳُﻮْ) (ca. 1570 - ca. 1660) was a Chinese Muslim (Hui) scholar of Arab descent.
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Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.
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Yaqub Beg
Muhammad Yaqub Bek (محمد یعقوب بیگ) (Яъқуб-бек, Ya’qub-bek) (182030 May 1877) was an adventurer of Tajik or Uzbek descent who was master of the Tarim Basin from 1865 to 1877.
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Yarkant County
Yarkant County or Yeken County (lit. Cliff cityP. Lurje, “”, Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition) is a county in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China, located on the southern rim of the Taklamakan desert in the Tarim Basin.
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Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.
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Zuo Zongtang
Zuo Zongtang, Marquis Kejing (also romanised as Tso Tsung-t'ang;; 10 November 1812 – 5 September 1885), sometimes referred to as General Tso, was a Chinese statesman and military leader of the late Qing dynasty.
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Redirects here:
Islam during the Qing Dynasty, Islam in Qing Dynasty.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_during_the_Qing_dynasty
