Arab citizens of Israel

Arab citizens of Israel, or Arab Israelis, are Israeli citizens whose primary language or linguistic heritage is Arabic. Many identify as Palestinian and commonly self-designate themselves as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Israeli Palestinians.See the terminology and self-identification sections for an extended discussion of the various terms used to refer to this population. The traditional vernacular of most Arab citizens, irrespective of religion, is the Palestinian dialect of Arabic. Most Arab citizens of Israel are functionally bilingual, their second language being Modern Hebrew. By religious affiliation, most are Muslim, particularly of the Sunni branch of Islam. There is a significant Arab Christian minority from various denominations as well as the Druze, among other religious communities. According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, the Arab population in 2013 was estimated at 1,658,000, representing 20.7% of the country's population. The majority of these identify themselves as Arab or Palestinian by nationality and Israeli by citizenship.. "The issue of terminology relating to this subject is sensitive and at least partially a reflection of political preferences. Most Israeli official documents refer to the Israeli Arab community as "minorities". The Israeli National Security Council (NSC) has used the term "Arab citizens of Israel". Virtually all political parties, movements and non-governmental organisations from within the Arab community use the word "Palestinian" somewhere in their description – at times failing to make any reference to Israel. For consistency of reference and without prejudice to the position of either side, ICG will use both Arab Israeli and terms the community commonly uses to describe itself, such as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel."An IDI Guttman Study of 2008 shows that most Arab citiens of Israel identify as Arabs (45%). While 24% consider themselves Palestinian, 12% consider themselves Israelis, and 19% identify themselves according to religion. Arab citizens of Israel mostly live in Arab-majority towns and cities; with eight of Israel's ten poorest cities being Arab. The vast majority attend separate schools to Jewish Israelis, and Arab political parties have never joined a government coalition. Many have family ties to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as well as to Palestinian refugees in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Negev Bedouins and the Druze tend to identify more as Israelis than other Arab citizens of Israel. Most of the Arabs living in East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967 and later annexed, were offered Israeli citizenship, but most have refused, not wanting to recognize Israel's claim to sovereignty. They became permanent residents instead. They have the right to apply for citizenship, are entitled to municipal services and have municipal voting rights. ^[1]

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Abbas Suan

Abbas Suan (sometimes spelled Suwan or Swan, عباس صوان, עבאס סואן, born January 27, 1976) is a retired Arab-Israeli footballer from Sakhnin in the Galilee.

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Abdel Rahman Zuabi

Abdel Rahman Zuabi (عبدالرحمن زعبي, עבד אל-רחמן זועבי; November 19, 1932 – September 12, 2014) (also Abd-er-Rahman Zoabi) was an Israeli Arab judge.

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Abnaa el-Balad

Abnaa el-Balad (ابناء البلد, Sons of the Land or Sons and Daughters of the Country or People of the Homeland Movement) is a secular movement made up of Palestinians, most of whom are Arab citizens of Israel.

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Abu Basma Regional Council

Abu Basma Regional Council (מועצה אזורית אבו בסמה, Moatza Ezorit Abu Basma, مجلس إقليمي أبو بسمة, Majlis Iqlimi Abu Basma) was a regional council operating in 2003-2012 and covering several Bedouin villages in the northwestern Negev desert of Israel.

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Abu Ghosh

Abu Ghosh (أبو غوش; אבו גוש) is an Arab-Israeli local council in Israel, located west of Jerusalem on the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway.

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Academic degree

An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.

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Administrative detention

Administrative detention is arrest and detention of individuals by the state without trial, usually for security reasons.

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Afula

Afula (עֲפוּלָה, العفولة) is a city in the Northern District of Israel, often known as the "Capital of the Valley" due to its strategic location in the Jezreel Valley.

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Agence France-Presse

Agence France-Presse (AFP) is an international news agency headquartered in Paris, France.

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Al-Ahram Weekly

Al-Ahram Weekly is an English-language weekly broadsheet printed by the Al-Ahram Publishing House in Cairo, Egypt.

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Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades

The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى Katā'ib Shuhadā' al-'Aqṣā) is a secular coalition of Palestinian armed groups in the West Bank.

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Al-Sarafand

Al-Sarafand (الصرفند) was a Palestinian Arab village near the Mediterranean shore south of Haifa.

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Ali Yahya

Ali Yahya (علی یحیی, עלי יחיא; born 1947, died 11 September 2014) was an Israeli Arab diplomat.

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Amal Murkus

Amal Murkus (أمل مرقس, אמל מורקוס, born 11 July 1968) is a Palestinian singer.

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Ami Ayalon

Amihai "Ami" Ayalon (עמיחי "עמי" איילון, born 27 June 1945) is an Israeli politician and a former member of the Knesset for the Labor Party.

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Amin-Salim Jarjora

Amin-Salim Jarjora (أمين سليم جرجورة, אמין-סלים ג'רג'ורה; 1886 – 20 August 1975) was an Israeli Arab politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the Democratic List of Nazareth between 1949 and 1951.

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Amos Yarkoni

Sgan aluf Amos Yarkoni (עמוס ירקוני) (born 1 June 1920 — died 7 February 1991), was an officer in the Israel Defense Forces and one of six Israeli Arabs to have received the IDF's third highest decoration, the Medal of Distinguished Service.

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Anton Shammas

Anton Shammas (أنطون شماس, אנטון שמאס; born 1950), is an Israeli-Arab writer, poet and translator of Arabic, Hebrew and English.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Ar'ara

'Ar'ara (عرعرة, עַרְעָרָה; lit. "Juniper tree")Palmer, 1881, is an Arab town in the Wadi Ara region in northern Israel.

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Ar'arat an-Naqab

Ar'arat an-Naqab or Ar'ara BaNegev (עַרְעָרָה בַּנֶּגֶב, عرعرة), previously called Aroer, is a Bedouin town (local council) in the Southern District of Israel.

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Arab Christians

Arab Christians (مسيحيون عرب Masīḥiyyūn ʿArab) are Arabs of the Christian faith.

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Arab localities in Israel

Arab localities in Israel includes all population centers with a 50% or higher Arab population in Israel.

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Arab nationalism

Arab nationalism (القومية العربية al-Qawmiyya al-`arabiyya) is a nationalist ideology that asserts the Arabs are a nation and promotes the unity of Arab people, celebrating the glories of Arab civilization, the language and literature of the Arabs, calling for rejuvenation and political union in the Arab world.

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Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

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Arabah

The Arabah (وادي عربة, Wādī ʻAraba), or Arava/Aravah (הָעֲרָבָה, HaAravah, lit. "desolate and dry area"), as it is known by its respective Arabic and Hebrew names, is a geographic area south of the Dead Sea basin, which forms part of the border between Israel to the west and Jordan to the east.

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Arab–Israeli peace projects

Arab–Israeli peace projects are projects to promote peace and understanding between the Arab League and Israel in different spheres.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Arabic music

Arabic music or Arab music (Arabic: الموسيقى العربية – ALA-LC) is the music of the Arab people.

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Arabic phonology

While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, the contemporary spoken Arabic language is more properly described as a continuum of varieties.

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Arabs

Arabs (عَرَب ISO 233, Arabic pronunciation) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.

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Aramaic language

Aramaic (אַרָמָיָא Arāmāyā, ܐܪܡܝܐ, آرامية) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family.

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Ariel Sharon

Ariel Sharon (אריאל שרון;,, also known by his diminutive Arik, אַריק, born Ariel Scheinermann, אריאל שיינרמן&lrm;; February 26, 1928 – January 11, 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th Prime Minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.

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Arraba, Israel

Arraba (عرّابة; עַרָבָּה), also known as 'Arrabat al-Battuf, is an Arab city in Israel.

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Association for Civil Rights in Israel

The Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) (Hebrew: האגודה לזכויות האזרח בישראל; Arabic: جمعية حقوق المواطن في اسرائيل) was created in 1972 as an independent, non-partisan not-for-profit organization with the mission of protecting human rights and civil rights in Israel and the territories under its control.

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Atlanta

Atlanta is the capital city and most populous municipality of the state of Georgia in the United States.

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Avigdor Lieberman

Avigdor Lieberman (אביגדור ליברמן,,; born Evet Lvovich Liberman, Эве́т Льво́вич Ли́берман, 5 July 1958) is a Soviet-born Israeli politician who serves as the Defense Minister of Israel.

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Ayoob Kara

Ayoob Kara (أيوب قرا, איוב קרא, also Ayoub or Ayub; born 12 March 1955) is an Israeli Druze politician who currently serves as a member of the Knesset for Likud and as Minister of Communications.

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Azmi Bishara

Azmi Bishara (عزمي بشارة, עַזְמִי בִשַארָה, born 22 July 1956, Nazareth) is an Arab public intellectual, political philosopher and author.

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Bachelor's degree

A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin baccalaureus) or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin baccalaureatus) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).

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Balad (political party)

Balad (בָּלַ"ד, an acronym for Brit Le'umit Demokratit (lit; at-Tajamuʿ al-Waṭanī ad-Dīmuqrāṭī or بلد, lit. Country or Nation) is an Israeli Arab political party in Israel led by Jamal Zahalka. It is sometimes called the "National Democratic Alliance". The party advocates for the rights of Arab citizens and greater democratic freedoms in Israel.

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Baqa al-Gharbiyye

Baqa al-Gharbiyye (باقة الغربية, באקה אל-גרביה, בָּקַה אל-עַ'רְבִּיָּה; lit. Baqa West) is a predominantly Arab city in the Haifa District of Israel, located near the Green Line.

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Baqa-Jatt

Baqa-Jatt was an Israeli Arab city in the Haifa District of Israel established in 2003 through a merger of Baqa al-Gharbiyye and Jatt.

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Barta'a

Barta'a (برطعة, בַּרְטַּעָה) (meaning: "cutting") is a town in Israel and the Palestinian territories that straddles both sides of the Green Line in the Wadi Ara (or Nahal 'Iron) region.

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Basic Laws of Israel

The Basic Laws of Israel (חוקי היסוד, ħuqey ha-yesod) are the constitutional laws of the State of Israel, and can only be changed by a supermajority vote in the Knesset.

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Bedouin

The Bedouin (badawī) are a grouping of nomadic Arab peoples who have historically inhabited the desert regions in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Iraq and the Levant.

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Beit Berl

Beit Berl (בֵּית בֶּרְל, lit. Berl House) is a village and the largest academic college in Israel with around 7,000 students.

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Benny Morris

Benny Morris (בני מוריס; born 8 December 1948) is an Israeli historian.

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Bir Hadaj

Bir Hadaj (بئر هداج; 'ביר הדאג) is a Bedouin agricultural town located in the Negev desert, near Revivim, Israel.

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Blueprint Negev

Blueprint Negev is a Jewish National Fund (JNF) project to construct new Jewish communities in the Negev region of Israel and boost Jewish settlement in the region.

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Bourgeoisie

The bourgeoisie is a polysemous French term that can mean.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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Cabinet of Israel

The Government of Israel (officially: ממשלת ישראל Memshelet Yisrael) exercises executive authority in the State of Israel.

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Carmel City

Carmel City (עִיר הַכַּרְמֶל, Ir HaKarmel; مدينة الكرمل Madīnat al-Karmel) was a short-lived city in the Haifa District of Israel, named after its location on Mount Carmel.

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Central District (Israel)

The Central District (מְחוֹז הַמֶּרְכָּז, Meḥoz haMerkaz; المنطقة الوسطى) of Israel is one of six administrative districts, including most of the Sharon region.

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Central Elections Committee (Israel)

The Israeli Central Elections Committee (ועדת הבחירות המרכזית, Va'adet HaBehirot HaMerkazit) is the body charged under the Knesset Elections Law of 1969 to carry out the elections for the upcoming Knesset.

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Christian

A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

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Christian denomination

A Christian denomination is a distinct religious body within Christianity, identified by traits such as a name, organisation, leadership and doctrine.

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Christian school

A Christian school is a school run on Christian principles or by a Christian organization.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Christianity in Israel

Christianity is one of the recognized religions in Israel and is practiced, as of December 2016, by more than 169,000 Israeli citizens (about 2.0% of the population).

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Circassians

The Circassians (Черкесы Čerkesy), also known by their endonym Adyghe (Circassian: Адыгэхэр Adygekher, Ады́ги Adýgi), are a Northwest Caucasian nation native to Circassia, many of whom were displaced in the course of the Russian conquest of the Caucasus in the 19th century, especially after the Russian–Circassian War in 1864.

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Citizenship

Citizenship is the status of a person recognized under the custom or law as being a legal member of a sovereign state or belonging to a nation.

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Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law

The Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary Order) 5763 is an Israeli law first passed on 31 July 2003 and most recently extended in June 2016.

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Civic nationalism

Civic nationalism, also known as liberal nationalism, is a form of nationalism identified by political philosophers who believe in an inclusive form of nationalism that adheres with traditional liberal values of freedom, tolerance, equality, and individual rights.

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College

A college (Latin: collegium) is an educational institution or a constituent part of one.

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Community settlement (Israel)

A community settlement (יישוב קהילתי, Yishuv Kehilati) is a type of village in Israel and the West Bank.

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Computer hardware

Computer hardware includes the physical parts or components of a computer, such as the central processing unit, monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, graphic card, sound card and motherboard.

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Conscription

Conscription, sometimes called the draft, is the compulsory enlistment of people in a national service, most often a military service.

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Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories

The Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT) is a unit in the Israeli Ministry of Defense that engages in coordinating civilian issues between the Government of Israel, the Israel Defense Forces, international organizations, diplomats, and the Palestinian Authority.

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Country Reports on Human Rights Practices

Country Reports on Human Rights Practices are publications on the annual human rights conditions in countries and regions outside the United States, submitted annually by the United States Department of State to the United States Congress.

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Criminal law

Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime.

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Dabke

Dabke (دبكة; also transliterated Dabka, Dabki, Dubki, Dabkeh; plural Dabkaat) is an Arab folk dance native to the Levant.

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Daliyat al-Karmel

Daliyat El Karmel (دَالِيَةِ ٱلْكَرْمِل, דַלְיַת אֶל-כַּרְמֶל) is a Druze town in the Haifa District of Israel, located around 20 km southeast of Haifa.

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DAM (band)

DAM (دام; דם) is a Palestinian hip-hop group.

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De jure

In law and government, de jure (lit) describes practices that are legally recognised, whether or not the practices exist in reality.

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Delta Galil Industries

Delta Galil Industries (דלתא גליל תעשיות) is an Israeli textile firm headquartered in Tel Aviv with plants around the world.

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Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist–Leninist–Maoist, secular political and militant organization.

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Democratic List of Nazareth

The Democratic List of Nazareth (רשימה דמוקרטית של נצרת, Reshima Demokratit shel Natzrat; القائمة الديموقراطية للناصرة) was an Arab satellite list in Israel and the only Israeli Arab party to win seats in the first Knesset.

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Desertion

In military terminology, desertion is the abandonment of a duty or post without permission (a pass, liberty or leave) and is done with the intention of not returning.

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Druze

The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).

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Druze in Israel

The Israeli Druze (الدروز الإسرائيليون, דְּרוּזִים יִשְׂרְאֵלִים) are a unique religious and ethnic minority among Arab citizens of Israel.

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Durban Review Conference

The Durban Review Conference is the official name of the 2009 United Nations World Conference Against Racism (WCAR), also known as Durban II.

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East Jerusalem

East Jerusalem or Eastern Jerusalem is the sector of Jerusalem that was occupied by Jordan in 1948 and had remained out of the Israeli-held West Jerusalem at the end of the 1948–49 Arab–Israeli War and has been occupied by Israel since the 1967 Arab-Israeli War.

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Ecuador

Ecuador (Ikwadur), officially the Republic of Ecuador (República del Ecuador, which literally translates as "Republic of the Equator"; Ikwadur Ripuwlika), is a representative democratic republic in northwestern South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Eden Natan-Zada

Eden Natan-Zada (עדן נתן-זדה, born 9 July 1986, died 4 August 2005) was an Israeli soldier who opened fire in a bus in Shefa-Amr in northern Israel on 4 August 2005, killing four Israeli-Arabs and wounding twelve others.

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Educational attainment

Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed as defined by the US Census Bureau Glossary.

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Egypt

Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.

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Ehud Barak

Ehud Barak (Ehud_barak.ogg, born Ehud Brog; 12 February 1942) is an Israeli politician who served as the tenth Prime Minister from 1999 to 2001.

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Ehud Goldwasser

Ehud "Udi" Goldwasser (אהוד גולדווסר; 18 July 1975 – 12 July 2006) was an Israeli soldier who was abducted in Israel by Hezbollah along with Eldad Regev on 12 July 2006, sparking the 2006 Lebanon War.

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Ehud Olmert

Ehud Olmert (אֶהוּד אוֹלְמֶרְט,; born 30 September 1945) is an Israeli politician and lawyer.

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Eilabun

Eilabun (عيلبون Ailabun, עַילַבּוּן, עֵילַבּוּ) is an Israeli Arab local council in northern Israel.

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Eldad Regev

Eldad Regev (אלדד רגב, 16 August 1980 – 12 July 2006) was an Israeli soldier, born in Qiryat Motzkin, abducted by Hezbollah fighters along with Ehud Goldwasser on 12 July 2006 in Israel near the Lebanese border, sparking the 2006 Lebanon War.

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Elia Suleiman

Elia Suleiman (إيليا سليمان,; born July 28, 1960) is a Palestinian film director and actor of Rûm Greek Orthodox origin.

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Elias Chacour

Elias Chacour (الياس شقور, אליאס שקור; born 29 November 1939) was the Archbishop of Akko, Haifa, Nazareth and All Galilee of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church from 2006 to 2014.

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Emile Habibi

Imil (Emile) Shukri Habiby (إميل حبيبي, אמיל חביבי, 28 January 1922 – 2 May 1996) was an Israeli Arab writer of Arabic literature and a politician who served as a member of the Knesset for the communist parties Maki and Rakah.

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Emile Touma

Emile Touma (Arabic: إميل توما, Hebrew: אמיל תומא, March 16, 1919 – Aug. 27, 1985), was a Palestinian and Israeli Arab political historian, journalist and theorist.

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Eminent domain

Eminent domain (United States, Philippines), land acquisition (Singapore), compulsory purchase (United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland), resumption (Hong Kong, Uganda), resumption/compulsory acquisition (Australia), or expropriation (France, Italy, Mexico, South Africa, Canada, Brazil, Portugal, Spain, Chile, Denmark, Sweden) is the power of a state, provincial, or national government to take private property for public use.

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Ethnoreligious group

An ethnoreligious group (or ethno-religious group) is an ethnic group whose members are also unified by a common religious background.

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Fatah

Fataḥ (فتح), formerly the Palestinian National Liberation Movement, is a Palestinian nationalist political party and the largest faction of the confederated multi-party Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the second-largest party in the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC).

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Fatah Hawks

The Fatah Hawks is the name of two Palestinian militant groups.

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Fifth column

A fifth column is any group of people who undermine a larger group from within, usually in favour of an enemy group or nation.

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Finland

Finland (Suomi; Finland), officially the Republic of Finland is a country in Northern Europe bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Norway to the north, Sweden to the northwest, and Russia to the east.

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First Intifada

The First Intifada or First Palestinian Intifada (also known simply as the intifada or intifadah) was a Palestinian uprising against the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza.

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Flag of Israel

The flag of Israel (דגל ישראל Degel Yisra'el; علم إسرائيل ʿAlam Israʼīl) was adopted on 28 October 1948, five months after the establishment of the State of Israel.

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Flag of Palestine

The Palestinian flag (علم فلسطين) is a tricolor of three equal horizontal stripes (black, white, and green from top to bottom) overlaid by a red triangle issuing from the hoist.

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Fureidis

Fureidis (also Freidis) is an Israeli Arab town in the Haifa District of Israel.

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Gabriel Naddaf

Gabriel Naddaf (جبرائيل نداف, גבריאל נדאף; born August 18, 1973) is an Israeli Greek Orthodox priest.

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Galilee

Galilee (הגליל, transliteration HaGalil); (الجليل, translit. al-Jalīl) is a region in northern Israel.

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Gatestone Institute

The Gatestone Institute (formerly Stonegate Institute and Hudson New York) is a right-wing anti-Muslim think tank that publishes articles, particularly pertaining to Islam and the Middle East.

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Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". قطاع غزة), or simply Gaza, is a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border.

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George Karra

George Karra (born 1953) is an Israeli Arab judge.

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George Khoury

George Elias Khoury (1983 - March 19, 2004, جورج إلياس خوري, ג'ורג' אליאס ח'ורי) was an Israeli Arab Christian murdered by a Palestinian terrorist while jogging in the neighborhood of French Hill in Jerusalem.

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Ghajar

Ghajar (غجر, ע'ג'ר or) is an Alawite-Arab village on the Hasbani River on the border between Lebanon and the Israeli-occupied portion of the Golan Heights, internationally considered to be de jure part of Syria.

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Givati Brigade

The 84th "Givati" Brigade (חֲטִיבַת גִּבְעָתִי, literally "Hill Brigade" or "Highland Brigade") is an Israel Defense Forces infantry brigade, and serves as its amphibious force.

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Glottal stop

The glottal stop is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis.

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Golan Heights

The Golan Heights (هضبة الجولان or مرتفعات الجولان, רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a region in the Levant, spanning about.

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Golan Heights Law

The Golan Heights Law is the Israeli law which applies Israel's government and laws to the Golan Heights.

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Government gazette

A government gazette (official gazette, official journal, official newspaper or official bulletin) is a periodical publication that has been authorised to publish public or legal notices.

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Greece

No description.

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Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem

The Eastern Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων, Patriarcheîon Hierosolýmōn) or Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem (كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس في القدس Kanisatt Ar-rum al-Urtudoks fi al-Quds, literally Rûm/Roman Orthodox Church of Jerusalem), and officially called simply the Patriarchate of Jerusalem, is an autocephalous Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity.

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Green Line (Israel)

The Green Line, or (pre-) 1967 border or 1949 Armistice border, is the demarcation line set out in the 1949 Armistice Agreements between the armies of Israel and those of its neighbors (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria) after the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

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Gregorian calendar

The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used civil calendar in the world.

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Haaretz

Haaretz (הארץ) (lit. "The Land ", originally Ḥadashot Ha'aretz – חדשות הארץ, – "News of the Land ") is an Israeli newspaper.

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Hadash

Hadash (lit), an acronym for HaHazit HaDemokratit LeShalom uLeShivion (lit); al-Jabhah ad-Dimuqrāṭiyyah lis-Salām wa'l-Musāwah) is a radical left-wing political coalition in Israel formed by the Israeli Communist Party and other leftist groups. It currently has five members, as part of the Joint List, in the 120-seat Knesset.

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Haifa

Haifa (חֵיפָה; حيفا) is the third-largest city in Israel – after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv– with a population of in.

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Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing

The Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing was a suicide bombing carried out on 5 March 2003 on an Egged bus in Haifa, Israel.

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Haifa District

Haifa District (מחוז חיפה, Mehoz Ḥeifa; منطقة حيفا) is an administrative district surrounding the city of Haifa, Israel.

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Halakha

Halakha (הֲלָכָה,; also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, halachah or halocho) is the collective body of Jewish religious laws derived from the Written and Oral Torah.

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Hamas

Hamas (Arabic: حماس Ḥamās, an acronym of حركة المقاومة الاسلامية Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah Islamic Resistance Movement) is a Palestinian Sunni-Islamist fundamentalist organization.

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Hanadi Jaradat

Hanadi Tayseer Abdul Malek Jaradat (هنادي تيسير عبدالمالك جرادات) (September 22, 1975 – October 4, 2003), a Palestinian woman from Jenin, blew herself up on Saturday, October 4, 2003 in a suicide attack on Maxim restaurant in the northern Israeli city of Haifa.

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Hany Abu-Assad

Hany Abu-Assad (هاني أبو أسعد, born 11 October 1961) is a Dutch/Palestinian film director.

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Hatikvah

"Hatikvah" (הַתִּקְוָה,, الأمل, lit. English: "The Hope") is a Jewish poem and the national anthem of Israel.

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Hebrew calendar

The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (Ha-Luah ha-Ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances.

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Hebrew language

No description.

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Hebrew University of Jerusalem

The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.

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Hezbollah

Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.

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High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Citizens of Israel

The High Follow-Up Committee for Arab citizens of Israel (ועדת המעקב העליונה של הציבור הערבי בישראל, لجنة المتابعة العليا للجماهير العربية في إسرائيل, also, High Follow-Up Committee for Arab Affairs and High Follow-Up Committee for the Arab Masses in Israel) is an extra-parliamentary umbrella organization that represents Arab citizens of Israel at the national level.

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High tech

High technology, often abbreviated to high tech (adjective forms high-technology, high-tech or hi-tech) is technology that is at the cutting edge: the most advanced technology available.

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Hittin

Hittin (حطّين, transliterated Ḥiṭṭīn (حِـطِّـيْـن) or Ḥaṭṭīn (حَـطِّـيْـن)) was a Palestinian village located west of Tiberias.

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Holocaust denial

Holocaust denial is the act of denying the genocide of Jews in the Holocaust during World War II.

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Home Front Command

The Israeli Home Front Command (פיקוד העורף, Pikud Ha-ʿOref) is an Israel Defense Forces regional command, created in February 1992 following the Gulf War, which was the first war since the 1948 Arab-Israeli War in which centres of civilian population faced significant threat.

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Homeland for the Jewish people

A homeland for the Jewish people is an idea rooted in Jewish culture and religion.

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Hossam Haick

Hossam Haick is an Israeli-Arab scientist and engineer, born in 1975.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Hura

Hura, or Houra (חוּרָה, חוּרָא, حورة) is a Bedouin town in the Southern District of Israel.

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Hurfeish

Hurfeish (حرفيش; חֻרְפֵישׁ; lit. "milk thistle" or possibly from "snake" Palmer, 1881, p.) is a Druze town in the Northern District of Israel.

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Hussniya Jabara

Hussniya Jabara (حسنية جبّارة, חוסניה ג'בארה; born 11 April 1958) is an Israeli former politician, who served as a member of the Knesset for Meretz between 1999 and 2003.

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I'billin

I'billin (إعبلين, אִעְבְּלִין) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel, near Shefa-'Amr.

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Indigenous peoples

Indigenous peoples, also known as first peoples, aboriginal peoples or native peoples, are ethnic groups who are the pre-colonial original inhabitants of a given region, in contrast to groups that have settled, occupied or colonized the area more recently.

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Infant mortality

Infant mortality refers to deaths of young children, typically those less than one year of age.

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Internally displaced Palestinians

Internally displaced Palestinians, also Internally displaced persons in Israel and Palestine, are Palestinian IDPs who fled or were expelled from their home in Mandatory Palestine by Jewish or Israeli forces, before and during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, but who remained within the area that became the state of Israel.

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Iqrit

Iqrit (إقرت or إقرث, Iqrith), was a Palestinian Christian village, located northeast of Acre.

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Isaac Herzog

Isaac ('Bougie') Herzog (יצחק "בוז׳י" הרצוג; born 22 September 1960), is an Israeli politician.

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Ishmael Khaldi

Ismail Khaldi (إسماعيل خالدي, איסמעיל חאלדי; born 1971), World Security Network, 29 April 2009.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine

The Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي في فلسطين, Harakat al-Jihād al-Islāmi fi Filastīn) known in the West as simply Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), is a Palestinian Islamist terrorist organization formed in 1981 whose objective is the destruction of the State of Israel and the establishment of a sovereign, Islamic Palestinian state.

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Islamic Movement in Israel

The Islamic Movement in Israel (also known as the Islamic Movement in 48 Palestine) is an Islamist movement that aims to advocate Islam in Israel, particularly among Arabs and Circassians.

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Islamism

Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.

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Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Middle East, on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

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Israel Central Bureau of Statistics

The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (הלשכה המרכזית לסטטיסטיקה, HaLishka HaMerkazit LiStatistika), abbreviated CBS, is an Israeli government office established in 1949 to carry out research and publish statistical data on all aspects of Israeli life, including population, society, economy, industry, education, and physical infrastructure.

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Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit. "The Army of Defense for Israel"; جيش الدفاع الإسرائيلي), commonly known in Israel by the Hebrew acronym Tzahal, are the military forces of the State of Israel.

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Israel Democracy Institute

Israel Democracy Institute (IDI; המכון הישראלי לדמוקרטיה), established in 1991, is an independent center of research and action dedicated to strengthening the foundations of Israeli democracy.

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Israel Land Administration

The Israel Land Administration (ILA; Minhal Mekarka'ei Yisra'el; مديرية أراضي اسرائيل) is an Israeli government authority responsible for managing land in Israel which is in the public domain.

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Israel national football team

The Israel national football team (נבחרת ישראל בכדורגל) is the national football team of Israel, governed by the Israel Football Association (IFA).

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Israel Police

The Israel Police (Mišteret Yisra'el; Shurtat Isrāʼīl) is the civilian police force of Israel.

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Israeli Declaration of Independence

The Israeli Declaration of Independence,Hebrew: הכרזת העצמאות, Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut/מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'utArabic: وثيقة إعلان قيام دولة إسرائيل, Wathiqat 'iielan qiam dawlat 'iisrayiyl formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist OrganizationThen known as the Zionist Organization.

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Israeli general election, 1996

General elections were held in Israel on 29 May 1996.

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Israeli general election, 1999

Early general elections for both the Prime Minister and the Knesset were held in Israel on 17 May 1999 following a vote of no confidence in the government; the incumbent Likud Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, ran for re-election.

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Israeli Jews

Israeli Jews (יהודים ישראלים, Yehudim Yisraelim), also known as Jewish Israelis, refers to Israeli citizens of the Jewish ethnicity or faith, and also the descendants of Israeli-Jewish emigrants outside of Israel.

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Israeli Labor Party

The Israeli Labor Party (מִפְלֶגֶת הָעֲבוֹדָה הַיִּשְׂרְאֵלִית, translit.), commonly known as HaAvoda (הָעֲבוֹדָה), is a social democratic and Zionist political party in Israel.

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Israeli land and property laws

Land and property laws in Israel are the property law component of Israeli law, providing the legal framework for the ownership and other in rem rights towards all forms of property in Israel, including real estate (land) and movable property.

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Israeli legislative election, 1949

Elections for the Constituent Assembly were held in newly independent Israel on 25 January 1949.

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Israeli legislative election, 2003

Elections for the 16th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 January 2003.

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Israeli legislative election, 2006

Elections for the 17th Knesset were held in Israel on 28 March 2006.

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Israeli legislative election, 2015

Early elections for the twentieth Knesset were held in Israel on 17 March 2015.

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Israeli nationality law

Israeli nationality law defines the criteria under which a person can be granted citizenship of Israel.

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Israeli prime ministerial election, 2001

Elections for Prime Minister were held in Israel on 6 February 2001 following the resignation of the incumbent, Labour's Ehud Barak.

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Israeli settlement

Israeli settlements are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish ethnicity, built predominantly on lands within the Palestinian territories, which Israel has militarily occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War, and partly on lands considered Syrian territory also militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 war.

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Israelis

Israelis (ישראלים Yiśraʾelim, الإسرائيليين al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds.

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Ittijah

Ittijah or "Union of Arab Community-Based Associations" is a network for Palestinian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) founded in 1995 in Israel.

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Jaffa

Jaffa, in Hebrew Yafo, or in Arabic Yaffa (יפו,; يَافَا, also called Japho or Joppa), the southern and oldest part of Tel Aviv-Yafo, is an ancient port city in Israel.

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Jamal Zahalka

Dr Jamal Zahalka (جمال زحالقة, ג'מאל זחאלקה; born 11 January 1955) is an Israeli Arab who serves as a member of the Knesset representing the Balad party.

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Jerusalem

Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם; القُدس) is a city in the Middle East, located on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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Jewish and democratic state

"Jewish and democratic state" is the Israeli legal definition of the nature and character of the State of Israel.

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Jewish National Fund

The Jewish National Fund (קרן קיימת לישראל, Keren Kayemet LeYisrael previously הפונד הלאומי, Ha Fund HaLeumi) was founded in 1901 to buy and develop land in Ottoman Palestine (later the British Mandate for Palestine, and subsequently Israel and the Palestinian territories) for Jewish settlement.

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Jewish-Arab Center

The Jewish-Arab Center (JAC) is a multidisciplinary research institute in the University of Haifa in Haifa, Israel, active since 1972 (the same year that the University began its work as an independent institution).

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Jews

Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.

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Jish

Jish (الجش; גִ'שׁ, גּוּשׁ חָלָב, Gush Halav) is a local council in Upper Galilee, located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Meron, north of Safed, in Israel's Northern District.

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Jisr az-Zarqa

Jisr az-Zarqa (جِسْر الزَّرْقَاء, גִ'סְּר א-זַּרְקָא lit. bridge over the blue; often shortened as Jisr) is an Israeli Arab town on Israel's northern Mediterranean coastal plain.

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John F. Kennedy School of Government

The John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University (also known as Harvard Kennedy School and HKS) is a public policy and public administration school, of Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Johny Srouji

Johny Srouji is Apple’s senior vice president of Hardware Technologies, reporting to CEO Tim Cook.

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Joint List

The Joint List (הַרְשִׁימָה הַמְשׁוּתֶּפֶת, HaReshima HaMeshutefet; القائمة المشتركة, al-Qa'imah al-Mushtarakah) is a political alliance of four Arab-dominated parties in Israel — Hadash, the United Arab List, Balad, and Ta'al.

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Jordan

Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.

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Juliano Mer-Khamis

Juliano Mer-Khamis (ג'וליאנו מר ח'מיס; جوليانو مير خميس; born Juliano Khamis; 29 May 19584 April 2011) was an Israeli Jewish/Palestinian Arab actor, director, filmmaker, and political activist of Jewish and Palestinian Eastern Orthodox Christian parentage.

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Kadima

Kadima (lit) was a centrist and liberal political party in Israel.

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Kafr Bir'im

Kafr Bir'im, also Kefr Berem (كفر برعم, כְּפַר בִּרְעָם), was a Palestinian Arab village in Mandatory Palestine, located in modern-day northern Israel, south of the Lebanese border and northwest of Safed.

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Kafr Kanna

Kafr Kanna (كفر كنا, Kafr Kanā; כַּפְר כַּנָּא) is an Arab town, in Galilee, part of the Northern District of Israel.

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Kafr Qasim

Kafr Qasim (كفر قاسم, כַּפְר קָאסִם), also known as Kafr Qassem, Kufur Kassem, Kfar Kassem and Kafar Kassem, is a hill-top Israeli town with an Israeli Arab population.

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Kafr Qasim massacre

The Kafr Qasim massacre took place in the Israeli Arab village of Kafr Qasim situated on the Green Line, at that time, the de facto border between Israel and the Jordanian West Bank on October 29, 1956.

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Kafr Yasif

Kafr Yasif (كفر ياسيف, Kufr Yaseef; כַּפְר יָסִיף) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel.

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Kaph

Kaf (also spelled kaph) is the eleventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Kāp, Hebrew Kāf, Aramaic Kāp, Syriac Kāp̄, and Arabic Kāf / (in Abjadi order).

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Karkur junction suicide bombing

The Karkur junction bus bombing was a suicide attack on October 21, 2002 at the Karkur junction near Wadi Ara, Israel.

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Khaled Abu Toameh

Khaled Abu Toameh (خالد أبو طعمة, חאלד אבו טועמה; born 1963) is an Israeli Arab journalist, lecturer and documentary filmmaker.

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Kiryat Gat

Kiryat Gat (קִרְיַת גַּת), is a city in the Southern District of Israel.

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Knesset

The Knesset (הַכְּנֶסֶת; lit. "the gathering" or "assembly"; الكنيست) is the unicameral national legislature of Israel.

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Koenig Memorandum

The Koenig Memorandum (also known as The Koenig Report) was a confidential and internal Israeli government document authored in April 1976 by Yisrael Koenig, a member of the Alignment (then the ruling party), who served as the Northern District Commissioner of the Ministry of the Interior for 26 years.

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Kuseife

Kuseife (כְּסֵיפָה, Kseifa; كسيفة) is a Bedouin town (local council) in the Southern District of Israel.

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Lakiya

Lakiya, or Laqye (לָקִיָּה) is a Bedouin town (local council) in the Southern District of Israel.

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Land Day

Land Day (يوم الأرض, Yom al-Ard; יוֹם הַאֲדָמָה, Yom HaAdama), March 30, is an annual day of commemoration for Arab citizens of Israel and Palestinians of the events of that date in 1976 in Israel.

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Land of Israel

The Land of Israel is the traditional Jewish name for an area of indefinite geographical extension in the Southern Levant.

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Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem

Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem (Patriarchatus Latinus Hierosolymitanus) is the title of the see of Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem.

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Law of Return

The Law of Return (חֹוק הַשְׁבוּת, ḥok ha-shvūt) is an Israeli law, passed on 5 July 1950, which gives Jews the right to come and live in Israel and to gain Israeli citizenship.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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Libya

Libya (ليبيا), officially the State of Libya (دولة ليبيا), is a sovereign state in the Maghreb region of North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.

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Lieberman Plan

The Lieberman Plan, also known in Israel as the "Populated-Area Exchange Plan", was proposed in May 2004 by Avigdor Lieberman, the leader of the Israeli political party Yisrael Beiteinu.

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Likud

Likud (הַלִּיכּוּד, translit. HaLikud, lit., The Consolidation), officially, the Likud-National Liberal Movement, is a centre-right to right-wing political party in Israel.

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List of Arab citizens of Israel

This is a list of notable Arab citizens of Israel.

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List of Arab members of the Knesset

There have been Israeli Arab members of the Knesset ever since the first Knesset elections in 1949.

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List of members of the first Knesset

The 120 members of the first Knesset were elected on 25 January 1949.

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Lod

Lod (לוֹד; اللُّدّ; Latin: Lydda, Diospolis, Ancient Greek: Λύδδα / Διόσπολις - city of Zeus) is a city southeast of Tel Aviv in the Central District of Israel.

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Ma'alot massacre

The Ma'alot massacreSources describing the event as a "massacre".

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Magen David Adom

The Magen David Adom (✡; מגן דוד אדום, abbr. MDA, pronounced MAH-dah per its Hebrew acronym, מד"א) is Israel's national emergency medical, disaster, ambulance and blood bank service.

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Maghar, Israel

Maghar (المغار, מַעָ'אר, also al-Maghar or Mghar; lit. the cave) is an Druze/Arab town in Israel's Northern District with an area of 19,810 dunams.

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Majalli Wahabi

Majalli Wahabi (مجلي وهبي, מגלי והבה, also spelled Majalli Wahbee, born 12 February 1954) is an Israeli Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Likud, Kadima and Hatnuah between 2003 and 2013.

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Maki (political party)

The Israeli Communist Party (הַמִפְלָגָה הַקוֹמוּנִיסְטִית הַיִשְׂרְאֵלִית HaMiflega HaKomunistit HaYisra'elit, الحزب الشيوعي الاسرائيلي Al-Ḥizb ash-Shuyū'ī al-'Isrā'īlī), commonly referred to by its Hebrew acronym Maki, is a communist political party in Israel and forms part of the political alliance known as Hadash.

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Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine (فلسطين; פָּלֶשְׂתִּינָה (א"י), where "EY" indicates "Eretz Yisrael", Land of Israel) was a geopolitical entity under British administration, carved out of Ottoman Syria after World War I. British civil administration in Palestine operated from 1920 until 1948.

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Mapai

Mapai (מַפָּא"י, an acronym for, Mifleget Poalei Eretz Yisrael, lit. "Workers' Party of the Land of Israel") was a centre-left political party in Israel, and was the dominant force in Israeli politics until its merger into the modern-day Israeli Labor Party in 1968.

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Matriculation examination

A matriculation examination or matriculation exam is a final examination held at secondary schools.

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Maxim restaurant suicide bombing

The Maxim restaurant suicide bombing was a suicide bombing which occurred on October 4, 2003 in the beachfront "Maxim" restaurant in Haifa, Israel.

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Maximos V Hakim

Maximos V Hakim (ماكسيموس الخامس حكيم; May 18, 1908, in Tanta, Egypt – June 29, 2001, Beirut, Lebanon) was elected Patriarch of Antioch and All the East, and Alexandria and Jerusalem of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in 1967 and served until 2000.

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Medal of Distinguished Service

The Medal of Distinguished Service (.עיטור המופת) is an Israeli military decoration.

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Median income

Median income is the amount that divides the income distribution into two equal groups, half having income above that amount, and half having income below that amount.

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Medicine

Medicine is the science and practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease.

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Melkite Greek Catholic Church

The Melkite (Greek) Catholic Church (كنيسة الروم الملكيين الكاثوليك) is an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Holy See as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Meretz

Meretz (מֶרֶצ, lit. "Vigour") is a left-wing, social-democraticMeretz is commonly described as social-democratic political party.

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Meron, Israel

Meron (מֵירוֹן, Meron) is a moshav in northern Israel.

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Michael Oren

Michael Bornstein Oren (Hebrew: מיכאל אורן; born Michael Scott Bornstein; May 20, 1955) is an American-born Israeli historian, author, politician, former ambassador to the United States (2009–2013), and current member of the Knesset for the Kulanu party and Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Office.

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Michel Khleifi

Michel Khleifi (ميشيل خليفي, born in 1950 in Nazareth, is a Palestinian film writer, director and producer, presently based in Belgium. Khleifi emigrated to Belgium in 1970, where he studied television and theatre directing at the Institut National Supérieur des Arts du Spectacle (INSAS). After graduating from INSAS, he worked in Belgium television before turning to making his own films. He has directed and produced several documentary and feature films. He has received several awards, including the International Critics’ Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, the Golden Shell at San Sebastián International Film Festival and the André Cavens Award in 1987 for his film Wedding in Galilee. Khleifi currently teaches at INSAS.

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Michel Sabbah

Michel Sabbah (ميشيل صباح; born 19 March 1933 in Nazareth, Mandatory Palestine) was the Archbishop and Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem from 1987 to 2008, the first non-Italian to hold this position in more than five centuries.

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Ministry of Education (Israel)

The Israeli Ministry of Education (מִשְׂרָד הַחִנּוּךְ, translit. Misrad HaHinukh; وزارة التربية والتعليم) is the branch of government charged with overseeing public education institutions in Israel.

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)

The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs (מִשְׂרַד הַחוּץ, translit. Misrad HaHutz; وزارة الخارجية الإسرائيلية) is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government.

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Ministry of Interior (Israel)

The Ministry of Interior (משרד הפנים, Misrad HaPnim; وزارة الداخلية) in the State of Israel is one of the government offices that is responsible for local government, citizenship and residency, identity cards, and student and entry visas.

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Minorities at Risk

Minorities At Risk (MAR) is a university-based research project that monitors and analyzes the status and conflicts of 283 politically-active communal groups in many countries throughout the world from 1945 to 2006.

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Minority group

A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.

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Modern Hebrew

No description.

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Modern Standard Arabic

Modern Standard Arabic (MSA; اللغة العربية الفصحى 'the most eloquent Arabic language'), Standard Arabic, or Literary Arabic is the standardized and literary variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech throughout the Arab world to facilitate communication.

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Mohammad Bakri

Mohammad Bakri (born 1953; محمد بكري, מוחמד בכרי), is an Arab–Israeli actor and film director.

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Mohammed Miari

Mohammed Miari (محمد ميعاري; מוחמד מיעארי, born 12 April 1939) is an Israeli Arab former politician who headed the Progressive List for Peace during the 1980s and early 1990s.

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Molecular electronics

Molecular electronics is the study and application of molecular building blocks for the fabrication of electronic components.

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Moshe Katsav

Moshe Katsav (מֹשֶׁה קַצָּב; born 5 December 1945 in Yazd, Iran) is an Iranian-born Israeli former politician who was the eighth President of Israel from 2000 to 2007.

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Mossawa Center

The Mossawa Center was established in 1997 as a civil society organization to promote equality for Arab citizens in Israel. In Arabic, "mossawa" means "equality".

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Muammar Gaddafi

Muammar Mohammed Abu Minyar Gaddafi (20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi, was a Libyan revolutionary, politician and political theorist.

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Multilingualism

Multilingualism is the use of more than one language, either by an individual speaker or by a community of speakers.

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Munib Younan

Munib Younan (منيب يونان, מוניב יונאן; born September 18, 1950 in Jerusalem) is a Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Jordan and the Holy Land since 1998, and former President of the Lutheran World Federation (2010-2017).

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Music of Palestine

The music of Palestine (الموسيقى الفلسطينية) is one of many regional subgenres of Arabic music.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Nahariya

Nahariya (נַהֲרִיָּה) is the northernmost coastal city in Israel.

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Nanosensor

Nanosensors are sensors whose active elements include nanomaterials.

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Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology ("nanotech") is manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, and supramolecular scale.

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National anthem

A national anthem (also state anthem, national hymn, national song, etc.) is generally a patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions, and struggles of its people, recognized either by a nation's government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people.

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Nawaf Massalha

Nawaf Massalha (نواف مصالحة, נואף מסאלחה, born 26 November 1943, also spelt Nawaf Mazalha or Nawaf Masalha) is an Israeli Arab politician.

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Nazareth

Nazareth (נָצְרַת, Natzrat; النَّاصِرَة, an-Nāṣira; ܢܨܪܬ, Naṣrath) is the capital and the largest city in the Northern District of Israel.

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Nazareth Illit

Nazareth Illit (נָצְרַת עִלִּית, الناصرة العليا, lit. Upper Nazareth) is a city in the Northern District of Israel.

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Negev

The Negev (הַנֶּגֶב, Tiberian vocalization:; النقب an-Naqab) is a desert and semidesert region of southern Israel.

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Negev Bedouin

The Negev Bedouin (بدو النقب, Badū an-Naqab; הבדואים בנגב Habeduim Banegev) are traditionally pastoral nomadic Arab tribes (Bedouin) living in the Negev region of Israel, and adhere to Islam.

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Northern District (Israel)

The Northern District (מחוז הצפון, Mehoz HaTzafon; منطقة الشمال, Minṭaqat ash-Shamal) is one of Israel's six administrative districts.

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October 2000 events

The October 2000 events were a series of protests in Arab cities and towns in northern Israel in October 2000 that turned violent, escalating into rioting by Israeli Arabs throughout Israel, which led to counter-rioting by Israeli Jews and clashes with the Israel Police and ending in the deaths of 13 Arab demonstrators.

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One Nation (Israel)

One Nation (עם אחד, Am Ehad) was a socialist political party in Israel.

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One-state solution

The one-state solution and the similar binational solution are proposed approaches to resolving the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

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Ophir Pines-Paz

Ophir Pines-Paz (אופיר פינס-פז, born 11 July 1961) is an Israeli former politician who served as Minister of Internal Affairs, Minister of Science, Culture & Sport and as a member of the Knesset for the Labor Party from 1996 until 2010.

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Or Commission

The Or Commission (ועדת אור; full name: ועדת החקירה הממלכתית לבירור ההתנגשויות בין כוחות הביטחון לבין אזרחים ישראלים באוקטובר 2000, lit. "Commission of Inquiry into the Clashes Between Security Forces and Israeli Citizens in October 2000", was a panel of inquiry appointed by the Israeli government to investigate the events of October 2000 at the beginning of the Second Intifada in which 12 Arab citizens of Israel and one Palestinian were killed by Israeli police amid several demonstrations. One Israeli Jew was killed by a stone dropped from a bridge onto her vehicle near one such demonstration; however, it is not clear that the incident was linked. The commission released its findings on "the clashes between security forces and Israeli civilians" on September 2, 2003. The chief investigator was Theodor Or, an Israeli Supreme Court Justice.

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Oslo Accords

The Oslo Accords are a set of agreements between the Government of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO): the Oslo I Accord, signed in Washington, D.C., in 1993; (DOP), 13 September 1993.

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Palestine (region)

Palestine (فلسطين,,; Παλαιστίνη, Palaistinē; Palaestina; פלשתינה. Palestina) is a geographic region in Western Asia.

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Palestinian Arabic

Palestinian Arabic is the subgroup of Levantine Arabic, spoken by most Palestinians in Palestine, by many Arab citizens of Israel and in the Palestinian diaspora populations.

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Palestinian art

Palestinian art is a term used to refer to paintings, posters, installation art and other visual media produced by Palestinian artists.

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Palestinian costumes

Palestinian costumes are the traditional clothing worn by Palestinians.

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Palestinian National Authority

The Palestinian National Authority (PA or PNA; السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية) is the interim self-government body established in 1994 following the Gaza–Jericho Agreement to govern the Gaza Strip and Areas A and B of the West Bank, as a consequence of the 1993 Oslo Accords.

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Palestinian refugees

The term "Palestine refugees" originally referred to both Arabs and Jews whose normal place of residence had been in Mandatory Palestine but were displaced and lost their livelihoods as a result of the 1948 Palestine war.

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Palestinians

The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.

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Patt Junction Bus bombing

The Patt junction bus bombing was a suicide bombing on an Egged bus carried out by Hamas in Jerusalem on June 18, 2002, killing 19 people and wounding over 74.

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Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations

The Representative of Israel to the United Nations is the de facto Israel Ambassador to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary.

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Permanent residency

Permanent residency refers to a person's resident status in a country of which they are not a citizen.

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Petah Tikva

Petah Tikva (פֶּתַח תִּקְוָה,, "Opening of Hope"), also known as Em HaMoshavot ("Mother of the Moshavot"), is a city in the Central District of Israel, east of Tel Aviv.

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Pierre Mouallem

Archbishop Pierre (Boutros) Mouallem (born 10 May 1928) is the retired Melkite Catholic Archbishop of Acre, Haifa and the Galilee, in Israel.

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Pisgat Ze'ev

Pisgat Ze'ev (פסגת זאב, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000.

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Politics of Israel

Politics in Israel is dominated by Zionist parties.

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Polygamy

Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, polygamía, "state of marriage to many spouses") is the practice of marrying multiple spouses.

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Postgraduate education

Postgraduate education, or graduate education in North America, involves learning and studying for academic or professional degrees, academic or professional certificates, academic or professional diplomas, or other qualifications for which a first or bachelor's degree generally is required, and it is normally considered to be part of higher education.

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Progressive List for Peace

The Progressive List for Peace (הרשימה המתקדמת לשלום, HaReshima HaMitkademet LeShalom, قائمة التقدمية للسلام) was a left-wing political party in Israel.

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Psychometric Entrance Test

The Psychometric Entrance Test (PET, colloquially known in Hebrew as "the Psychometric"—ha-Psikhometri, הפסיכומטרי) is a standardized test in Israel, generally taken as a higher education entrance exam.

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Qalansawe

Qalansawe also Qalansuwa (قلنسوة, קַלַנְסֻוָה, lit. "turban") is an Arab city in the Central District of Israel.

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Racism

Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Racism in Israel

Racism in Israel refers to all forms and manifestations of racism experienced in Israel, irrespective of the colour or creed of the perpetrator and victim, or their citizenship, residency, or visitor status.

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Rahat

Rahat (רַהַט, رهط) is a predominantly Bedouin city in the Southern District of Israel.

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Raleb Majadele

Raleb Majadele (غالب مجادلة, Levantine Arabic:; ראלב מג'אדלה,; also spelt Ghaleb Majadele, born 5 April 1953) is an Israeli Arab politician.

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Ramla

Ramla (רַמְלָה, Ramla; الرملة, ar-Ramlah) (also Ramlah, Ramle, Remle and sometimes Rama) is a city in central Israel.

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Reda Mansour

Reda Mansour (رضا منصور, רדא מנצור) is a Druze Israeli poet, historian and Diplomat.

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Regional Council of Unrecognized Villages

The Regional Council of Unrecognized Villages of Negev (RCUV or RCUVN) is a political advocacy group that was established in 1997.

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Reineh

Reineh is an Arab village in northern Israel.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Republic of Ireland national football team

The Republic of Ireland national football team (Foireann peile náisiúnta Phoblacht na hÉireann) represents Ireland in association football.

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Reshumot

Reshumot (Hebrew: רשומות) is the gazette of record for the State of Israel, in which official records and laws are published.

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Rishon LeZion

Rishon LeZion (רִאשׁוֹן לְצִיּוֹן, lit. First to Zion) is the fourth largest city in Israel, located along the central Israeli coastal plain south of Tel Aviv.

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Sabri Jiryis

Sabri Jiryis (صبري جريس,, סברי ג'ריס; born in 1938), also known as Sabri Jaris, Sabri Geries or Sabri Jirais, is a Palestinian-Arab Israeli writer and lawyer, a graduate of the Hebrew University law faculty, and prominent Palestinian activist.

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Said Nafa

Said Nafa (سعيد نفاع, סעיד נפאע, also Said Naffaa, born 1 April 1953) is a politician and lawyer.

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Sajur

Sajur is an Druze town (local council) in the Galilee region of northern Israel, with an area of 3,000 dunams (3 km²).

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Sakhnin

Sakhnin (سخنين; סַחְ'נִין or Sikhnin) is an Arab city in Israel's Northern District.

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Salah Tarif

Salah Tarif (صالح طريف, סאלח טריף; born 9 February 1954) is a Druze Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset between 1992 and 2006.

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Salim Joubran

Salim Joubran (سليم جبران, סלים ג'ובראן; born 1947) is an Israeli Arab and former judge on the Supreme Court of Israel.

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Sami Michael

Sami Michael (סמי מיכאל, سامي ميخائيل; born August 15, 1926) is an Israeli author.

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Sayed Kashua

Sayed Kashua (سيد قشوع, סייד קשוע; born 1975) is an Palestinian-Israeli author and journalist born in Tira, Israel, known for his books and humorous columns in the Hebrew language.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Seal of Solomon

The Seal of Solomon (or Ring of Solomon; خاتم سليمان) is the signet ring attributed to King Solomon in medieval Jewish tradition, and in Islamic and Western occultism.

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Second Intifada

The Second Intifada, also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada (انتفاضة الأقصى; אינתיפאדת אל-אקצה Intifādat El-Aqtzah), was the second Palestinian uprising against Israel – a period of intensified Israeli–Palestinian violence.

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Seif el-Din el-Zoubi

Seif el-Din el-Zoubi (سيف الدين الزعبي, סיף א-דין א-זועבי; 1913 – 26 June 1986) was an Israeli-Arab politician.

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Self-concept

One's self-concept (also called self-construction, self-identity, self-perspective or self-structure) is a collection of beliefs about oneself.

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Sepphoris

Sepphoris or Zippori (צִפּוֹרִי Tzipori; Σέπφωρις Sépphōris; صفورية Saffuriya), also called Diocaesaraea (Διοκαισάρεια) and, during the Crusades, Sephory (La Sephorie), is a village and an archeological site located in the central Galilee region of Israel, north-northwest of Nazareth.

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Shaqib al-Salam

Shaqib al-Salam or Segev Shalom (شقيب السلام, שֶׂגֶב שָׁלוֹם; also Shqeb al-Salam) is a Bedouin town and a local council in the Southern District of Israel, southeast of Beersheba.

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Shefa-'Amr

Shefa-ʻAmr, also Shfar'am (شفاعمرو, Šafā ʻAmr, שְׁפַרְעָם, Šəfarʻam) is an Arab city in the Northern District of Israel.

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Sherut Leumi

Sherut Leumi (שירות לאומי, lit. National Service) is an alternative voluntary national service in Israel for those that cannot or do not wish to serve in the Israel Defense Forces.

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Shibley Telhami

Shibley Telhami is an American Professor in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland, College Park, and a nonresident senior fellow of the Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution.

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Shin Bet

The Israel Security Agency (ISA, שירות הביטחון הכללי Sherut ha-Bitaẖon haKlali "General Security Service"; جهاز الأمن العام), better known by the acronym Shabak (שב״כ,, شاباك) or the Shin Bet (a two-letter Hebrew abbreviation of the name), is Israel's internal security service.

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Sinai bus crash

The Sinai bus crash was a bus accident in the Sinai Peninsula in August 2006 which left twelve Israeli tourists dead.

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Sinai Peninsula

The Sinai Peninsula or simply Sinai (now usually) is a peninsula in Egypt, and the only part of the country located in Asia.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים, Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim; Arabic: النكسة, an-Naksah, "The Setback" or حرب ۱۹٦۷, Ḥarb 1967, "War of 1967"), also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between 5 and 10 June 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria.

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Southern District (Israel)

The Southern District (מחוז הדרום, Meḥoz HaDarom; لواء الجنوب) is one of Israel's six administrative districts, the largest in terms of land area but the most sparsely populated.

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Star of David

The Star of David (✡), known in Hebrew as the Shield of David or Magen David (Hebrew rtl; Biblical Hebrew Māḡēn Dāwīḏ, Tiberian, Modern Hebrew, Ashkenazi Hebrew and Yiddish Mogein Dovid or Mogen Dovid), is a generally recognized symbol of modern Jewish identity and Judaism.

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State of Palestine

Palestine (فلسطين), officially the State of Palestine (دولة فلسطين), is a ''de jure'' sovereign state in the Middle East claiming the West Bank (bordering Israel and Jordan) and Gaza Strip (bordering Israel and Egypt) with East Jerusalem as the designated capital, although its administrative center is currently located in Ramallah.

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Suffrage

Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections (although the term is sometimes used for any right to vote).

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Suicide attack

A suicide attack is any violent attack in which the attacker expects their own death as a direct result of the method used to harm, damage or destroy the target.

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Sumud

Sumud (صمود) meaning "steadfastness"Abed, 1988, p. 288.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supreme Court of Israel

The Supreme Court (בית המשפט העליון, Beit HaMishpat HaElyon) is the highest court in Israel.

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Syria

Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.

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Ta'al

Ta'al (תַּעַ"ל, an acronym for Tnu'a Aravit LeHithadshut (תְּנוּעָה עֲרָבִית לְהִתְחַדְּשׁוּת), lit. Arab Movement for Renewal, الحركة العربية للتغيير) is an Israeli Arab political party in Israel led by Ahmad Tibi.

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Ta'ayush

Ta'ayush (תעאיוש, تعايش; lit. "coexistence" or "life in common") is a grassroots volunteer organization established in the fall of 2000 by a joint network of Palestinians and Israelis to counter the nationalist reactions aroused by the Al-Aqsa Intifada.

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Tamra

Tamra (طمرة, טַמְרָה or) is an Arab city in the North District of Israel located in the Lower Galilee north of the city of Shefa-'Amr and approximately east of Acre.

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Tawfik Toubi

Tawfik Toubi (توفيق طوبي, תופיק טובי, 11 May 1922 – 12 March 2011) was an Israeli Arab communist politician.

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Tawfiq Ziad

Tawfiq Ziad (توفيق زيّاد, תאופיק זיאד, also spelt Tawfik Zayyad or Tawfeeq Ziad, 7 May 1929 – 5 July 1994) was a Palestinian politician well known for his "poetry of protest".

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Tayibe

Tayibe (also spelled Taibeh or Tayiba; الطيبة, Levantine pronunciation:, "the kind"/"the benevolent"; טַיִּבָּה) is an Arab city in central Israel, east of Kfar Saba.

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Technology

Technology ("science of craft", from Greek τέχνη, techne, "art, skill, cunning of hand"; and -λογία, -logia) is first robustly defined by Jacob Bigelow in 1829 as: "...principles, processes, and nomenclatures of the more conspicuous arts, particularly those which involve applications of science, and which may be considered useful, by promoting the benefit of society, together with the emolument of those who pursue them".

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Tel Aviv

Tel Aviv (תֵּל אָבִיב,, تل أَبيب) is the second most populous city in Israel – after Jerusalem – and the most populous city in the conurbation of Gush Dan, Israel's largest metropolitan area.

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Tel Aviv University

Tel Aviv University (TAU) (אוּנִיבֶרְסִיטַת תֵּל-אָבִיב Universitat Tel Aviv) is a public research university in the neighborhood of Ramat Aviv in Tel Aviv, Israel.

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Tel Sheva

Tel Sheva (תֵּל שֶׁבַע) or Tel as-Sabi (تل السبع)) is a Bedouin town in the Southern District of Israel, bordering the city of Beersheba. In it had a population of. The first Bedouin township in Israel, Tel as-Sabi was founded in 1967 as part of a government project to settle Bedouins in permanent settlements and became a local council in 1984. It is one of seven Bedouin townships in the Negev desert with approved plans and developed infrastructure.

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The Future Vision of the Palestinian Arabs in Israel

The Future Vision of the Palestinian Arabs in Israel is a joint document put together by prominent Arab citizens of Israel in December 2006, that calls for the state of Israel to shed its Jewish identity and become "a state of all its citizens".

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The Jerusalem Fund

The Jerusalem Fund for Education and Community Development is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Foggy Bottom, Washington, D.C. It focuses on educational and humanitarian work on behalf of Palestinians, particularly those living in the Occupied Territories and surrounding refugee camps.

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The Jerusalem Post

The Jerusalem Post is a broadsheet newspaper based in Jerusalem, founded in 1932 during the British Mandate of Palestine by Gershon Agron as The Palestine Post.

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The National (Abu Dhabi)

The National is a private English-language daily newspaper published in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Tira, Israel

Tira (الطـّيرة al-Tira, טִירָה), lit.

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Triangle (Israel)

The Triangle (המשולש, HaMeshulash; المثلث, al-Muthallath), formerly referred to as the Little Triangle, is a concentration of Israeli Arab towns and villages adjacent to the Green Line, located in the eastern Sharon plain among the Samarian foothills; this area is located within the easternmost boundaries of both the Central District and Haifa District.

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Tur'an

Tur'an (طرعان, תֻּרְעָן) is an Arab town in the Northern District of Israel.

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Tzipi Livni

Tziporah Malka "Tzipi" Livni (ציפורה מלכה "ציפי" לבני; born 8 July 1958) is a prominent Israeli politician and former Foreign Minister of Israel.

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Umm al-Fahm

Umm al-Fahm (أمّ الفحم, Umm al-Faḥm; אֻם אל-פַחְם Umm el-Fahem) is a city located northwest of Jenin in the Haifa District of Israel.

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Unconventional warfare

Unconventional warfare (abbreviated UW) is the support of a foreign insurgency or resistance movement against its government or an occupying power.

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United Arab List

The United Arab List (הַרְשִׁימָה הַעֲרָבִית הַמְאוּחֶדֶת, HaReshima HaAravit HaMe'uhedet; القائمة العربية الموحدة, al-Qā'ima al-'Arabiyya al-Muwaḥḥada), commonly known in Israel by its Hebrew acronym Ra'am (רע"מ), is an Israeli Arab political party representing and supported by Israeli Arabs.

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United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.

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United Nations Commission on Human Rights

The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was a functional commission within the overall framework of the United Nations from 1946 until it was replaced by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2006.

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United States Department of State

The United States Department of State (DOS), often referred to as the State Department, is the United States federal executive department that advises the President and represents the country in international affairs and foreign policy issues.

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University

A university (universitas, "a whole") is an institution of higher (or tertiary) education and research which awards academic degrees in various academic disciplines.

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University of Haifa

The University of Haifa (אוניברסיטת חיפה, جامعة حيفا) is a public research university on the top of Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel.

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Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel

Unrecognized Bedouin villages in Israel are rural Bedouin communities in the Negev and the Galilee which the Israeli government does not recognize as legal.

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Upper middle class

In sociology, the upper middle class is the social group constituted by higher status members of the middle class.

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Vernacular

A vernacular, or vernacular language, is the language or variety of a language used in everyday life by the common people of a specific population.

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Vice president

A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank.

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Vietnam

Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.

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Voiced pharyngeal fricative

The voiced pharyngeal approximant or fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.

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Wadi Ara

Wadi Ara (also Nahal 'Iron) (وادي عارة, נחל עירון, ואדי עארה), is an area in Israel populated mainly by Arab citizens of Israel.

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Wadi Nisnas

Wadi Nisnas (وادي النسناس) is an Arab neighborhood in the city of Haifa in northern Israel.

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Wahid Abdel Meguid

Wahid Abdel Meguid is an Egyptian political analyst and MP.

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Walla!

Walla! Communications Ltd. (וואלה! תקשורת בע"מ) is an Israeli internet company headquartered in Tel Aviv and is fully owned by Bezeq.

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Wasil Taha

Wasil Taha (واصل طه, וואסל טאהה, born 24 April 1952) is an Israeli-Arab politician and a former member of the Knesset for the Israeli Arab party, Balad.

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Weidenfeld & Nicolson

Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd (established 1948), often shortened to W&N or Weidenfeld, is a British publisher of fiction and reference books.

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West Bank

The West Bank (الضفة الغربية; הגדה המערבית, HaGadah HaMa'aravit) is a landlocked territory near the Mediterranean coast of Western Asia, the bulk of it now under Israeli control, or else under joint Israeli-Palestinian Authority control.

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White-collar worker

In many countries (such as Australia, Canada, France, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and United States), a white-collar worker is a person who performs professional, managerial, or administrative work.

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Yisrael Beiteinu

Yisrael Beiteinu (יִשְׂרָאֵל בֵּיתֵנוּ, lit. Israel Our Home) is a secularist and right-wing nationalist political party in Israel.

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Yitzhak Rabin

Yitzhak Rabin (יצחק רבין,; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli politician, statesman and general.

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Ynet

Ynet (Hebrew: וואינט) is an Israeli news and general content website, which is the online outlet for Yedioth Ahronot.

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Ynetnews

Ynetnews is the online English-language Israeli news website of Yedioth Ahronoth, Israel’s most-read newspaper, and the Hebrew news portal, Ynet.

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Yuppie

"Yuppie" (short for "young urban professional" or "young, upwardly-mobile professional") is a term coined in the early 1980s for a young professional person working in a city.

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Yusef Mishleb

Aluf (Major General) Yusef Mishleb (sometimes spelled Yosef Mishlev) (יוסף מישלב.; born 1952) is a retired Druze general in the Israel Defense Forces serving last in the position as the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories.

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Zionism

Zionism (צִיּוֹנוּת Tsiyyonut after Zion) is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Canaan, the Holy Land, or the region of Palestine).

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Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb

Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb is a Druze festival called Ziyara celebrated between 25 and 28 April which is officially recognized in Israel as a public holiday.

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1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, or the First Arab–Israeli War, was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war.

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1948 Palestinian exodus

The 1948 Palestinian exodus, also known as the Nakba (النكبة, al-Nakbah, literally "disaster", "catastrophe", or "cataclysm"), occurred when more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs fled or were expelled from their homes, during the 1948 Palestine war.

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2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, Northern Israel and the Golan Heights.

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Redirects here:

1948 Arabs, 1948 Palestinian, 1948 Palestinians, 48 Palestinians, Arab Citizens of Israel, Arab Israeli, Arab Israelis, Arab citizen of Israel, Arab citizens and residents of Israel, Arab citizens of israel, Arab-Israeli, Arab-Israelis, Arab-Palestinian minority in Israel, Arab-Palestinian of 1948, Arabs In Israel, Arabs in Israel, Arabs of Israel, Arabs of the Occupied Lands, Arab–Israeli, Israeli Arab, Israeli Arabs, Israeli-Arab, Israeli-Arabs, Israeli–Arab, Palestinian Israeli, Palestinian Israelis, Palestinian citizen of Israel, Palestinian citizens of Israel, Palestinian-Israeli.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_citizens_of_Israel

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