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134 relations: Alberic of Trois-Fontaines, Alexius Slav, Andrea Dandolo, Andrew II of Hungary, Anna (Anisia), Anna Maria of Hungary, Anna-Teodora, Asen dynasty, Autocephaly, Çorlu, Baibars, Baldwin II, Latin Emperor, Balkan Mountains, Banate of Severin, Basil I of Bulgaria, Basileus, Battle of Klokotnitsa, Battle of the Kalka River, Béla IV of Hungary, Beloslava of Bulgaria, Book of Boril, Boril of Bulgaria, Boyar, Braničevo (Golubac), Brodnici, Bulgaria, Bulgarian lev, Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Byzantine Empire, Cleopatra, Count of Hermannstadt, Cumans, Danube, Despotate of Epirus, Didymoteicho, Dobruja, Drobeta-Turnu Severin, Eastern Catholic Churches, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, Edirne, Elena Asenina of Bulgaria, Elena-Evgenia, wife of Ivan Asen I, Empire of Thessalonica, Facade, Fifth Crusade, First Bulgarian Empire, Florin Curta, Fourth Crusade, Full communion, George Akropolites, ..., Germanus II of Constantinople, Great Vlachia, History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire, Holy Forty Martyrs Church, Veliko Tarnovo, Holy See, Irene Komnene Doukaina, Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria, Ivan Asen Cove, Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria, Ivan Asen Point, Ivanko of Bulgaria, Joachim I of Bulgaria, John III Doukas Vatatzes, John Komnenos Doukas, John of Brienne, John the Baptist, John Van Antwerp Fine Jr., Kaliman I of Bulgaria, Kaloyan of Bulgaria, Köten, King of Jerusalem, Kumankata, Lampsacus, Latin Emperor, Latin Empire, List of Bulgarian monarchs, List of Byzantine emperors, List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, List of Serbian monarchs, Lorenzo de Monacis, Madison, Wisconsin, Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Manuel Doukas, Maria Asenina of Bulgaria, Marino Sanuto the Elder, Maritsa, Mark Antony, Metropolis of Thessaloniki, Michael II Asen, Michael Shishman of Bulgaria, Michael VIII Palaiologos, Mitso Asen of Bulgaria, Mount Athos, Nicaea, Obverse and reverse, Ohrid, Papal legate, Papal primacy, Patriarch, Peter (sevastokrator), Plovdiv, Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pope, Pope Gregory IX, Pope Innocent III, Prilep, Primate (bishop), Principality of Halych, Principality of Kiev, Republic of Ragusa, Rhodope Mountains, Robert I, Latin Emperor, Saint Sava, Sebastokrator, Second Bulgarian Empire, Serbian Orthodox Church, Serres, Simeon I of Bulgaria, Stefan Radoslav, Stefan Vladislav, Strez, Theodore II Laskaris, Theodore Komnenos Doukas, Thessaloniki, Tile, Tsar, Tsarevets (fortress), University of Wisconsin Press, Uprising of Asen and Peter, Vatopedi, Veliko Tarnovo, Via Egnatia, Vidin, Vissarion of Bulgaria. Expand index (84 more) »
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines
Alberic of Trois-Fontaines (Aubri or Aubry de Trois-Fontaines; Albericus Trium Fontium) (died 1252) was a medieval Cistercian chronicler who wrote in Latin.
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Alexius Slav
Alexius Slav (Алексий Слав, Ἀλέξιος Σθλαῦος; 1208–28) was a Bulgarian nobleman (bolyarin), a member of the Bulgarian Asen dynasty, a nephew of the first three Asen brothers.
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Andrea Dandolo
Andrea Dandolo (13067 September 1354) was elected the 54th doge of Venice in 1343, replacing Bartolomeo Gradenigo who died in late 1342.
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Andrew II of Hungary
Andrew II (II., Andrija II., Ondrej II., Андрій II; 117721 September 1235), also known as Andrew of Jerusalem, was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1205 and 1235.
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Anna (Anisia)
Anna (Анна), subsequently known under the religious name Anisia (Анисия), was the first wife of Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria (r. 1218–1241) and empress consort of the Second Bulgarian Empire from 1218 to 1221.
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Anna Maria of Hungary
Anna Maria of Hungary (1204–1237) was an Empress consort of Bulgaria, daughter of King Andrew II of Hungary and Gertrude of Merania.
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Anna-Teodora
Anna-Teodora (Анна-Теодора; 13th century) was a Bulgarian princess, the daughter of emperor Ivan Asen II (r. 1218–41) and Irene Komnene.
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Asen dynasty
The Asen dynasty (Асеневци, Asenevtsi) founded and ruled a medieval Bulgarian state, called in modern historiography the Second Bulgarian Empire, between 1187 and 1256.
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Autocephaly
Autocephaly (from αὐτοκεφαλία, meaning "property of being self-headed") is the status of a hierarchical Christian Church whose head bishop does not report to any higher-ranking bishop (used especially in Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Independent Catholic churches).
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Çorlu
Çorlu is a northwestern Turkish city in inland Eastern Thrace that falls under the administration of the Province of Tekirdağ.
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Baibars
Baibars or Baybars (الملك الظاهر ركن الدين بيبرس البندقداري, al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Rukn al-Dīn Baybars al-Bunduqdārī) (1223/1228 – 1 July 1277), of Turkic Kipchak origin — nicknamed Abu al-Futuh and Abu l-Futuhat (Arabic: أبو الفتوح; English: Father of Conquest, referring to his victories) — was the fourth Sultan of Egypt in the Mamluk Bahri dynasty.
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Baldwin II, Latin Emperor
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Courtenay (de Courtenay; late 1217 – October 1273), was the last monarch of the Latin Empire ruling from Constantinople.
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Balkan Mountains
The Balkan mountain range (Bulgarian and Стара планина, Latin Serbian Stara planina, "Old Mountain") is a mountain range in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
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Banate of Severin
The Banate of Severin or Banate of Szörény (szörényi bánság; Banatul Severinului; Banatus Zewrinensis; Северинско банство., Severinsko banstvo; Северинска бановина, Severinska banovina) was a political, military and administrative unit with a special role in initially anti-Bulgarian, latterly anti-Ottoman defensive system of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary.
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Basil I of Bulgaria
Basil (Василий I Български) was the first Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church after restoring Tarnovo Patriarchate.
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Basileus
Basileus (βασιλεύς) is a Greek term and title that has signified various types of monarchs in history.
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Battle of Klokotnitsa
The Battle of Klokotnitsa (Битката при Клокотница, Bitkata pri Klokotnitsa) occurred on 9 March 1230 near the village of Klokotnitsa (today in Haskovo Province, Bulgaria).
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Battle of the Kalka River
The Battle of the Kalka River (Битва на річці Калка, Битва на реке Калке) was fought between the Mongol Empire, whose armies were led by Jebe and Subutai the Valiant, and a coalition of several Rus' principalities, including Kiev and Galich, and the Cumans.
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Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV (1206 – 3 May 1270) was King of Hungary and Croatia between 1235 and 1270, and Duke of Styria from 1254 to 1258.
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Beloslava of Bulgaria
Beloslava (Белослава) was a Bulgarian princess and Queen consort of Serbia between 1234 and 1243), wife of king Stefan Vladislav I.
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Book of Boril
The Book of Boril or Boril Synodic (Борилов синодик) is a medieval Bulgarian book from the beginning of the 13th century.
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Boril of Bulgaria
Boril (Борил) was emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1207 to 1218.
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Boyar
A boyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Bulgarian, Kievan, Moscovian, Wallachian and Moldavian and later, Romanian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes (in Bulgaria, tsars), from the 10th century to the 17th century.
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Braničevo (Golubac)
Braničevo is a village in the municipality of Golubac, Serbia.
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Brodnici
The Brodnici (Бродники, Brodniki) were a tribe of uncertain origin.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Bulgarian lev
The lev (лев, plural: лева, левове / leva, levove) is the currency of Bulgaria.
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Bulgarian Orthodox Church
The Bulgarian Orthodox Church (Българска православна църква, Balgarska pravoslavna tsarkva) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church.
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Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire and Byzantium, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in its eastern provinces during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, which had been founded as Byzantium).
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Cleopatra
Cleopatra VII Philopator (Κλεοπάτρα Φιλοπάτωρ Cleopatra Philopator; 69 – August 10 or 12, 30 BC)Theodore Cressy Skeat, in, uses historical data to calculate the death of Cleopatra as having occurred on 12 August 30 BC.
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Count of Hermannstadt
The Count of Hermannstadt, also Count of Sibiu or Count of Szeben (szebeni ispán), was the head of the Transylvanian Saxons living in the wider region of Hermannstadt (now Sibiu in Romania) in the 13th and early 14th centuries.
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Cumans
The Cumans (Polovtsi) were a Turkic nomadic people comprising the western branch of the Cuman–Kipchak confederation.
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Danube
The Danube or Donau (known by various names in other languages) is Europe's second longest river, after the Volga.
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Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate of Epirus (Δεσποτάτο της Ηπείρου) was one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire established in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade in 1204 by a branch of the Angelos dynasty.
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Didymoteicho
Didymóteicho (Διδυμότειχο) is a town located on the eastern edge of the Evros regional unit of East Macedonia and Thrace, in northeastern Greece.
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Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.
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Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin (Drobeta; Szörényvár, Szörénytornya; Северин; Дробета-Турн Северин/Drobeta-Turn Severin) is a city in Mehedinți County, Oltenia, Romania, on the left bank of the Danube, below the Iron Gates.
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Eastern Catholic Churches
The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, and in some historical cases Uniate Churches, are twenty-three Eastern Christian particular churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope in Rome, as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople
The Ecumenical Patriarch (Η Αυτού Θειοτάτη Παναγιότης, ο Αρχιεπίσκοπος Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Νέας Ρώμης και Οικουμενικός Πατριάρχης, "His Most Divine All-Holiness the Archbishop of Constantinople, New Rome, and Ecumenical Patriarch") is the Archbishop of Constantinople–New Rome and ranks as primus inter pares (first among equals) among the heads of the several autocephalous churches that make up the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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Edirne
Edirne, historically known as Adrianople (Hadrianopolis in Latin or Adrianoupolis in Greek, founded by the Roman emperor Hadrian on the site of a previous Thracian settlement named Uskudama), is a city in the northwestern Turkish province of Edirne in the region of East Thrace, close to Turkey's borders with Greece and Bulgaria.
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Elena Asenina of Bulgaria
Elena of Bulgaria was an empress consort of Nicaea, married to Theodore II Laskaris (r. 1254–1258).
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Elena-Evgenia, wife of Ivan Asen I
Elena (Елена) was the second wife of tsar Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria.
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Empire of Thessalonica
Empire of Thessalonica (Αυτοκρατορία της Θεσσαλονίκης) is a historiographic term used by some modern scholars to refer to the short-lived Byzantine Greek state centred on the city of Thessalonica between 1224 and 1246 and ruled by the Komnenodoukas dynasty of Epirus.
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Facade
A facade (also façade) is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front.
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Fifth Crusade
The Fifth Crusade (1217–1221) was an attempt by Western Europeans to reacquire Jerusalem and the rest of the Holy Land by first conquering the powerful Ayyubid state in Egypt.
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First Bulgarian Empire
The First Bulgarian Empire (Old Bulgarian: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed in southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD.
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Florin Curta
Florin Curta (born January 15, 1965) is a Romanian-born American historian, medievalist and archaeologist on Eastern Europe.
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Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III.
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Full communion
Full communion is a communion or relationship of full understanding among different Christian denominations that they share certain essential principles of Christian theology.
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George Akropolites
George Akropolites (Latinized as Acropolites or Acropolita; Γεῶργιος Ἀκροπολίτης, Georgios Akropolitês, 1217 or 1220 – 1282) was a Byzantine Greek historian and statesman born at Constantinople.
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Germanus II of Constantinople
Germanus II Nauplius (Γερμανός Β΄ Ναύπλιος), (? – June 1240) was Patriarch of Constantinople (in exile at Nicaea) from 1223 until his death in June 1240.
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Great Vlachia
Great Wallachia or Great Vlachia (Μεγάλη Βλαχία, Megáli Vlachía) or simply Vlachia (Βλαχία) was a province in southeastern Thessaly in the late 12th century, and was used to denote the entire region of Thessaly in the 13th and 14th centuries.
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History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire
The history of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire has been well-recorded and preserved.
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Holy Forty Martyrs Church, Veliko Tarnovo
The Holy Forty Martyrs Church (църква "Св., tsarkva "Sv. Chetirideset machenitsi") is a medieval Eastern Orthodox church constructed in 1230 in the town of Veliko Tarnovo in Bulgaria, the former capital of the Second Bulgarian Empire.
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Holy See
The Holy See (Santa Sede; Sancta Sedes), also called the See of Rome, is the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Rome, the episcopal see of the Pope, and an independent sovereign entity.
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Irene Komnene Doukaina
Irene Komnene Doukaina or Eirene Komnene Doukaina (Ειρήνη Κομνηνή Δούκαινα, Ирина Комнина) was an Empress of Bulgaria during the Second Bulgarian Empire and Byzantine princess.
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Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
Ivan Alexander (Иван Александър, transliterated Ivan Aleksandǎr; pronounced; original spelling: ІѠАНЪ АЛЄѮАНдРЪ), also sometimes Anglicized as John Alexander, ruled as Emperor (Tsar) of Bulgaria from 1331 to 1371,Lalkov, Rulers of Bulgaria, pp.
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Ivan Asen Cove
Ivan Asen Cove (залив Иван Асен, ‘Zaliv Ivan Asen’ \'za-liv i-'van a-'sen\) is the 1.16 km wide cove on Osmar Strait indenting for 800 m the southeast coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, and entered northeast of Ivan Asen Point.
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Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria
Ivan Asen I, also known as Asen I or John Asen I (Иван Асен I) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1187 or 1188 to 1196 as the co-ruler of his elder brother, Peter II.
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Ivan Asen Point
Ivan Asen Point (Нос Иван Асен, ‘Nos Ivan Asen’ \'nos i-'van a-'sen\) is a narrow rocky point projecting 680 m into Osmar Strait from the southeast coast of Smith Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica.
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Ivanko of Bulgaria
Ivanko (Иванко) killed Ivan Asen I, ruler of the renascent Second Bulgarian Empire, in 1196.
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Joachim I of Bulgaria
Joachim I (Йоаким I) was the Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church between 1235 and 1246.
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John III Doukas Vatatzes
John III Doukas Vatatzes, Latinized as Ducas Vatatzes (Ιωάννης Γ΄ Δούκας Βατάτζης, Iōannēs III Doukas Vatatzēs, c. 1193, Didymoteicho – 3 November 1254, Nymphaion), was Emperor of Nicaea from 1222 to 1254.
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John Komnenos Doukas
John Komnenos Doukas (Ιωάννης Κομνηνός Δούκας, Iōannēs Komnēnos Doukas), Latinized as Comnenus Ducas, was ruler of Thessalonica from 1237 until his death in 1244.
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John of Brienne
John of Brienne (1170 – 27 March 1237), also known as John I, was King of Jerusalem from 1210 to 1225 and Latin Emperor of Constantinople from 1229 to 1237.
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John the Baptist
John the Baptist (יוחנן המטביל Yokhanan HaMatbil, Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτιστής, Iōánnēs ho baptistḗs or Ἰωάννης ὁ βαπτίζων, Iōánnēs ho baptízōn,Lang, Bernhard (2009) International Review of Biblical Studies Brill Academic Pub p. 380 – "33/34 CE Herod Antipas's marriage to Herodias (and beginning of the ministry of Jesus in a sabbatical year); 35 CE – death of John the Baptist" ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲓⲡⲣⲟⲇⲣⲟⲙⲟⲥ or ⲓⲱ̅ⲁ ⲡⲓⲣϥϯⲱⲙⲥ, يوحنا المعمدان) was a Jewish itinerant preacherCross, F. L. (ed.) (2005) Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 3rd ed.
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John Van Antwerp Fine Jr.
John V. A. Fine Jr. (born 1939) is an American historian and author.
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Kaliman I of Bulgaria
Kaliman Asen I, also known as Coloman Asen I or Koloman (Калиман Асен I; 1234–August/September 1246) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1241 to 1246.
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Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Kaloyan, also known as Kalojan, Johannitsa or Ioannitsa (Калоян; 1170 – October 1207) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1196 to 1207.
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Köten
Köten (Котян, Kötöny, Kutan; 1223–41) was a Cuman–Kipchak chieftain (khan) and military commander active in the mid-13th century.
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King of Jerusalem
The King of Jerusalem was the supreme ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the Crusader state founded by Christian princes in 1099 when the First Crusade took the city.
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Kumankata
The name of the Cuman noblewoman who subsequently married two Tsars Emperors of Bulgaria, Kaloyan of Bulgaria and Boril of Bulgaria, is unknown.
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Lampsacus
Lampsacus (translit) was an ancient Greek city strategically located on the eastern side of the Hellespont in the northern Troad.
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Latin Emperor
The Latin Emperor was the ruler of the Latin Empire, the historiographical convention for the Crusader realm, established in Constantinople after the Fourth Crusade (1204) and lasting until the city was recovered by the Byzantine Greeks in 1261.
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Latin Empire
The Empire of Romania (Imperium Romaniae), more commonly known in historiography as the Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople, and known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia or the Latin Occupation, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire.
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List of Bulgarian monarchs
The monarchs of Bulgaria ruled the country during three periods of its history as an independent country: from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire in 681 to the Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria in 1018; from the Uprising of Asen and Peter that established the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185 to the annexation of the rump Bulgarian principality into the Ottoman Empire in 1422; and from the re-establishment of an independent Bulgaria in 1878 to the abolition of monarchy in a manipulated referendum held on 15 September 1946.
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List of Byzantine emperors
This is a list of the Byzantine emperors from the foundation of Constantinople in 330 AD, which marks the conventional start of the Byzantine Empire (or the Eastern Roman Empire), to its fall to the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.
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List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church
This article lists the heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an autocephalous Archbishopric in 1219 to today's Patriarchate.
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List of Serbian monarchs
This is an archontological list of Serbian monarchs, containing monarchs of the medieval principalities, to heads of state of modern Serbia.
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Lorenzo de Monacis
Lorenzo de Monacis was a distinguished diplomat of the Venetian Republic.
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Madison, Wisconsin
Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County.
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Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
The Mamluk Sultanate (سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz.
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Manuel Doukas
Manuel Komnenos Doukas, Latinized as Ducas (Μανουήλ Κομνηνός Δούκας, Manouēl Komnēnos Doukas; c. 1187 – c. 1241), commonly simply Manuel Doukas (Μανουήλ Δούκας) and rarely also called Manuel Angelos (Μανουήλ Ἄγγελος), was ruler of Thessalonica from 1230 to 1237 and, after his expulsion from Thessalonica, of Thessaly from 1239 until his death in c. 1241.
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Maria Asenina of Bulgaria
Maria Asenina of Bulgaria was a Bulgarian princess and empress consort.
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Marino Sanuto the Elder
Marino Sanuto or Sanudo the Elder of Torcello (– 1338) was a Venetian statesman and geographer.
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Maritsa
The Maritsa, Meriç or Evros (Марица, Marica; Ἕβρος, Hébros; Έβρος, Évros; Hebrus; Romanized Thracian: Evgos or Ebros; Meriç) is, with a length of, the longest river that runs solely in the interior of the Balkans.
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Mark Antony
Marcus Antonius (Latin:; 14 January 1 August 30 BC), commonly known in English as Mark Antony or Marc Antony, was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the transformation of the Roman Republic from an oligarchy into the autocratic Roman Empire.
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Metropolis of Thessaloniki
The Metropolis of Thessaloniki (Ιερά Μητρόπολις Θεσσαλονίκης) is a Greek Orthodox metropolitan see based in the city of Thessaloniki in Central Macedonia, Greece.
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Michael II Asen
Michael II Asen (Михаил II Асен; 1239 – December 1256/January 1257) was emperor (or tsar) of Bulgaria from 1246 to 1256 or 1257.
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Michael Shishman of Bulgaria
Michael Asen III (Михаил Асен III, Mihail Asen III, commonly called Michael Shishman (Михаил Шишман, Mihail Šišman)), ruled as emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1323 to 1330.
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Michael VIII Palaiologos
Michael VIII Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Μιχαὴλ Η΄ Παλαιολόγος, Mikhaēl VIII Palaiologos; 1223 – 11 December 1282) reigned as Byzantine Emperor 1259–1282.
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Mitso Asen of Bulgaria
Mitso Asen (Мицо Асен) or Micho Asen (Мичо Асен) was the emperor (tsar) of Bulgaria from 1256 until 1257.
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Mount Athos
Mount Athos (Άθως, Áthos) is a mountain and peninsula in northeastern Greece and an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism.
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Nicaea
Nicaea or Nicea (Νίκαια, Níkaia; İznik) was an ancient city in northwestern Anatolia, and is primarily known as the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea (the first and seventh Ecumenical councils in the early history of the Christian Church), the Nicene Creed (which comes from the First Council), and as the capital city of the Empire of Nicaea following the Fourth Crusade in 1204, until the recapture of Constantinople by the Byzantines in 1261.
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Obverse and reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags, seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics.
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Ohrid
Ohrid (Охрид) is a city in the Republic of Macedonia and the seat of Ohrid Municipality.
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Papal legate
A woodcut showing Henry II of England greeting the pope's legate. A papal legate or Apostolic legate (from the Ancient Roman title legatus) is a personal representative of the pope to foreign nations, or to some part of the Catholic Church.
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Papal primacy
Papal primacy, also known as the primacy of the Bishop of Rome, is an ecclesiastical doctrine concerning the respect and authority that is due to the pope from other bishops and their episcopal sees.
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Patriarch
The highest-ranking bishops in Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Catholic Church (above major archbishop and primate), and the Church of the East are termed patriarchs (and in certain cases also popes).
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Peter (sevastokrator)
Peter was a Bulgarian nobleman who held the high title of sevastokrator around 1253.
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Plovdiv
Plovdiv (Пловдив) is the second-largest city in Bulgaria, with a city population of 341,000 and 675,000 in the greater metropolitan area.
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Pontic–Caspian steppe
The Pontic–Caspian steppe, Pontic steppe or Ukrainian steppe is the vast steppeland stretching from the northern shores of the Black Sea (called Euxeinos Pontos in antiquity) as far east as the Caspian Sea, from Moldova and eastern Ukraine across the Southern Federal District and the Volga Federal District of Russia to western Kazakhstan, forming part of the larger Eurasian steppe, adjacent to the Kazakh steppe to the east.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Gregory IX
Pope Gregory IX Gregorius IX (born Ugolino di Conti; c. 1145 or before 1170 – 22 August 1241), was Pope from 19 March 1227 to his death in 1241.
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Pope Innocent III
Pope Innocent III (Innocentius III; 1160 or 1161 – 16 July 1216), born Lotario dei Conti di Segni (anglicized as Lothar of Segni) reigned from 8 January 1198 to his death in 1216.
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Prilep
Prilep (Прилеп, is the fourth largest city in the Republic of Macedonia. It has a population of 66,246 and is known as "the city under Marko's Towers" because of its proximity to the towers of Prince Marko.
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Primate (bishop)
Primate is a title or rank bestowed on some archbishops in certain Christian churches.
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Principality of Halych
Principality of Halych (Галицьке князівство, Галицкоє кънѧжьство, Cnezatul Halici) was a Kievan Rus' principality established by members of the oldest line of Yaroslav the Wise descendants.
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Principality of Kiev
The Principality of Kiev (Киевское князство, Київське князівство) was a Ruthenian state in the regions of central Ukraine around the city of Kiev that existed after the fragmentation of the Kievan Rus' in the early 12th century.
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Republic of Ragusa
The Republic of Ragusa was a maritime republic centered on the city of Dubrovnik (Ragusa in Italian, German and Latin; Raguse in French) in Dalmatia (today in southernmost Croatia) that carried that name from 1358 until 1808.
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Rhodope Mountains
The Rhodopes (Родопи, Rodopi; Ροδόπη, Rodopi; Rodoplar) are a mountain range in Southeastern Europe, with over 83% of its area in southern Bulgaria and the remainder in Greece.
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Robert I, Latin Emperor
Robert I, also Robert of Courtenay (died 1228), Latin Emperor of Constantinople, was a younger son of the emperor Peter II of Courtenay, and Yolanda of Flanders.
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Saint Sava
Saint Sava (Свети Сава / Sveti Sava,, 1174 – 14 January 1236), known as The Enlightener, was a Serbian prince and Orthodox monk, the first Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church, the founder of Serbian law, and a diplomat.
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Sebastokrator
Sebastokrator (σεβαστοκράτωρ, sebastokrátor; Bulgarian and Serbian Cyrillic: севастократор; both pronounced sevastokrator), was a senior court title in the late Byzantine Empire.
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Second Bulgarian Empire
The Second Bulgarian Empire (Второ българско царство, Vtorо Bălgarskо Tsarstvo) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed between 1185 and 1396.
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Serbian Orthodox Church
The Serbian Orthodox Church (Српска православна црква / Srpska pravoslavna crkva) is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches.
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Serres
Sérres (Σέρρες) is a city in Macedonia, Greece, capital of the Serres regional unit and second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki.
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Simeon I of Bulgaria
Simeon (also Symeon) I the Great (Симеон I Велики, transliterated Simeon I Veliki) ruled over Bulgaria from 893 to 927,Lalkov, Rulers of Bulgaria, pp.
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Stefan Radoslav
Stefan Radoslav (Стефан Радослав; ~1192 – after 1235), also known as Stephanos Doukas (Στέφανος Δούκας) was the King of Serbia from 1228 to 1233.
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Stefan Vladislav
Stefan Vladislav (Стефан Владислав,; – after 1264) was the King of Serbia from 1234 to 1243.
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Strez
Strez (Стрез; original spelling: СТРѢЗЪ) (fl. 1207–1214) was a Bulgarian sebastokrator and a member of the Asen dynasty.
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Theodore II Laskaris
Theodore II Doukas Laskaris or Ducas Lascaris (Θεόδωρος Β΄ Δούκας Λάσκαρις, Theodōros II Doukas Laskaris) (1221/1222 – August 18, 1258) was Emperor of Nicaea from 1254 to 1258.
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Theodore Komnenos Doukas
Theodore Komnenos Doukas (Θεόδωρος Κομνηνὸς Δούκας, Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas, Latinized as Theodore Comnenus Ducas, died 1253) was ruler of Epirus and Thessaly from 1215 to 1230 and of Thessalonica and most of Macedonia and western Thrace from 1224 to 1230.
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Thessaloniki
Thessaloniki (Θεσσαλονίκη, Thessaloníki), also familiarly known as Thessalonica, Salonica, or Salonika is the second-largest city in Greece, with over 1 million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, and the capital of Greek Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace.
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Tile
A tile is a manufactured piece of hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, or even glass, generally used for covering roofs, floors, walls, showers, or other objects such as tabletops.
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Tsar
Tsar (Old Bulgarian / Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь or цар, цaрь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe.
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Tsarevets (fortress)
Tsarevets (Царевец) is a medieval stronghold located on a hill with the same name in Veliko Tarnovo in northern Bulgaria.
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University of Wisconsin Press
The University of Wisconsin Press (sometimes abbreviated as UW Press) is a non-profit university press publishing peer-reviewed books and journals.
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Uprising of Asen and Peter
The Uprising of Asen and Peter (Въстание на Асен и Петър) was a revolt of Bulgarians and Vlachs living in the theme of Paristrion of the Byzantine Empire, caused by a tax increase.
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Vatopedi
The Holy and Great Monastery of Vatopedi (Βατοπέδι) is an Eastern Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos, Greece.
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Veliko Tarnovo
Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново, "Great Tarnovo") is a city in north central Bulgaria and the administrative centre of Veliko Tarnovo Province.
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Via Egnatia
The Via Egnatia (Greek: Ἐγνατία Ὁδός) was a road constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century BC.
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Vidin
Vidin (Видин) is a port town on the southern bank of the Danube in north-western Bulgaria.
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Vissarion of Bulgaria
Vissarion (Висарион) was a Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the 13th century.
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Redirects here:
Asen II, Ioan Asan II of Bulgaria, Ioan Asan II of Vlachs, Ioan Asen II, Ivan Asen II, John Asen II, John II Asen.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Asen_II_of_Bulgaria
