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40 relations: Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth, American Revolutionary War, Álava, Époisses, Basque Country (greater region), Battle of Marengo, Biscay, Canton of Ticino, Conseil d'État (France), Count, Court of Audit (France), Delphine de Girardin, Dublin, Emperor, Fingal, First French Empire, Fontainebleau, French Consulate, French Revolution, Germaine de Staël, Gipuzkoa, Honoré de Balzac, House of Bourbon, Jean-Baptiste de Villèle, Legion of Honour, Maine-et-Loire, Maison-Rouge, Marquess, Master of Requests (France), Montlhéry, Napoleon, O'Donnell dynasty, Orléans, Prime Minister of France, Rambouillet, Seine-et-Oise, Sophie Gay, Valladolid, Versailles, Yvelines, Villiers-sur-Orge.
Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth (20 October 176018 March 1829) was a French soldier and politician.
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American Revolutionary War
The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.
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Álava
Álava (in Spanish) or Araba (in Basque, dialectal), officially Araba/Álava, is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the Basque Country, heir of the ancient Lordship of Álava, former medieval Catholic bishopric and now Latin titular see.
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Époisses
Époisses is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France, located around halfway between Dijon and Auxerre.
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Basque Country (greater region)
The Basque Country (Euskal Herria; Pays basque; Vasconia, País Vasco) is the name given to the home of the Basque people.
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Battle of Marengo
The Battle of Marengo was fought on 14 June 1800 between French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte and Austrian forces near the city of Alessandria, in Piedmont, Italy.
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Biscay
Biscay (Bizkaia; Vizcaya) is a province of Spain located just south of the Bay of Biscay.
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Canton of Ticino
The canton of Ticino, formally the Republic and Canton of Ticino (Repubblica e Cantone Ticino; Canton Tesin; Kanton Tessin; canton du Tessin, chantun dal Tessin) is the southernmost canton of Switzerland.
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Conseil d'État (France)
In France, the Council of State (Conseil d'État) is a body of the French national government that acts both as legal adviser of the executive branch and as the supreme court for administrative justice.
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Count
Count (Male) or Countess (Female) is a title in European countries for a noble of varying status, but historically deemed to convey an approximate rank intermediate between the highest and lowest titles of nobility.
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Court of Audit (France)
The Court of Auditors (in French Cour des comptes) is a French administrative court charged with conducting financial and legislative audits of most public institutions and some private institutions, including the central Government, national public corporations, social security agencies (since 1950), and public services (since 1976).
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Delphine de Girardin
Delphine de Girardin (24 January 1804 – 29 June 1855), pen name Vicomte Delaunay, was a French author.
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Dublin
Dublin is the capital of and largest city in Ireland.
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Emperor
An emperor (through Old French empereor from Latin imperator) is a monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm.
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Fingal
Fingal is a county in Ireland.
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First French Empire
The First French Empire (Empire Français) was the empire of Napoleon Bonaparte of France and the dominant power in much of continental Europe at the beginning of the 19th century.
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Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France.
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French Consulate
The Consulate (French: Le Consulat) was the government of France from the fall of the Directory in the coup of Brumaire in November 1799 until the start of the Napoleonic Empire in May 1804.
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French Revolution
The French Revolution (Révolution française) was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France and its colonies that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
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Germaine de Staël
Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (née Necker; 22 April 176614 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël, was a French woman of letters of Swiss origin whose lifetime overlapped with the events of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era.
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Gipuzkoa
Gipuzkoa (in Guipúzcoa) is a province of Spain and a historical territory of the autonomous community of the Basque Country.
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Honoré de Balzac
Honoré de Balzac (born Honoré Balzac, 20 May 1799 – 18 August 1850) was a French novelist and playwright.
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House of Bourbon
The House of Bourbon is a European royal house of French origin, a branch of the Capetian dynasty.
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Jean-Baptiste de Villèle
Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin, 1st Count of Villèle (14 April 1773 – 13 March 1854), better known simply as Joseph de Villèle, was a French statesman.
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Legion of Honour
The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.
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Maine-et-Loire
Maine-et-Loire is a department of the Loire Valley in west-central France, in the Pays de la Loire region.
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Maison-Rouge
Maison-Rouge is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne département in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.
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Marquess
A marquess (marquis) is a nobleman of hereditary rank in various European peerages and in those of some of their former colonies.
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Master of Requests (France)
A Master of Requests (in French maître des requêtes) is a Counsel of the Council of State (''Conseil d'État''), a high-level judicial officer of administrative law in France and other European countries that has existed in one form or another since the Middle Ages.
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Montlhéry
Montlhéry is a commune in the Essonne department in Île-de-France in northern France.
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Napoleon
Napoléon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821) was a French statesman and military leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.
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O'Donnell dynasty
The O'Donnell dynasty (Ó Dónaill or Ó Domhnaill or Ó Doṁnaill; derived from the Irish name Domhnall, which means "ruler of the world", Dónall in modern Irish) were an ancient and powerful Irish family, kings, princes and lords of Tyrconnell (Tír Chonaill in Irish, now County Donegal) in early times, and the chief allies and sometimes rivals of the O'Neills in Ulster.
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Orléans
Orléans is a prefecture and commune in north-central France, about 111 kilometres (69 miles) southwest of Paris.
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Prime Minister of France
The French Prime Minister (Premier ministre français) in the Fifth Republic is the head of government.
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Rambouillet
Rambouillet is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France.
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Seine-et-Oise
Seine-et-Oise was a département of France encompassing the western, northern, and southern parts of the metropolitan area of Paris.
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Sophie Gay
Marie Françoise Sophie Gay (born Nichault de la Valette; &ndash) was a French author who was born in Paris.
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Valladolid
Valladolid is a city in Spain and the de facto capital of the autonomous community of Castile and León.
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Versailles, Yvelines
Versailles is a city in the Yvelines département in Île-de-France region, renowned worldwide for the Château de Versailles and the gardens of Versailles, designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Villiers-sur-Orge
Villiers-sur-Orge is a commune in the arrondissement of Palaiseau, in the Essonne department, in the Île-de-France region.
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Redirects here:
Jean Louis Barthelemy O'Donnell, Jean Louis Barthelemy O’Donnell.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Louis_Barthélemy_O'Donnell
