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Kimchi

Index Kimchi

Kimchi (gimchi), a staple in Korean cuisine, is a traditional side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, most commonly napa cabbage and Korean radishes, with a variety of seasonings including chili powder, scallions, garlic, ginger, and jeotgal (salted seafood). [1]

221 relations: ABC-CLIO, Allium monanthum, Allium tuberosum, American Society for Microbiology, Anchovy, Anti-Korean sentiment in China, Aralia elata, Arctium lappa, Arirang, Ash, Aspirated consonant, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides, Bacillus subtilis, Baechu-kimchi, Baek-kimchi, Banchan, BBC News, Beta-Carotene, Bomdong, Book of Wei, Brassica juncea, Brine, Broccoli, Budae-jjigae, Cabbage, Calorie, Carbohydrate, Carotene, Celery, Chile Pepper Institute, Chili pepper, Chili powder, Chonggak radish, Chungcheong dialect, Chungcheong Province, Codex Alimentarius, Coriander, CRC Press, Cucumber, Cucurbita moschata, Dietary fiber, Doellingeria scabra, Dongchimi, Dongyi, Doosan Corporation, Doosan Encyclopedia, Du Fu, Eggplant, Encyclopædia Britannica, ..., Federation of European Microbiological Societies, Fermentation in food processing, Fish sauce, Folate, Food energy, Gangwon dialect, Gangwon Province, South Korea, Garden cress, Garlic, Gegeol radish, Gimbap, Gimjang, Ginger, Glebionis coronaria, Goguryeo, Google Doodle, Goryeo, Gyeonggi dialect, Gyeonggi Province, Gyeongsang dialect, Gyeongsang Province, Hamgyŏng dialect, Hamgyong Province, Hanbok, Hanja, History of Korean, Ho Chi Minh City, Hwanghae Province, International adoption of South Korean children, International Journal of Food Microbiology, Jangajji, Jeolla dialect, Jeolla Province, Jeotgal, Jeungbo sallim gyeongje, Jibong yuseol, Jin dynasty (265–420), Jogi-jeot, Joseon, Journal of Food Science, Kangwon Province (North Korea), Ketchup, Kimchi, Kimchi burger, Kimchi fried rice, Kimchi refrigerator, Kimchi-buchimgae, Kimchi-jjigae, Kkakdugi, Korea, Korea Tourism Organization, Korean brining salt, Korean carrots, Korean cuisine, Korean Culture and Information Service, Korean diaspora, Korean language, Korean Peninsula, Korean radish, Koryo-saram, Kosher salt, Kyobo Book Centre, Lactobacillales, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus kimchii, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactococcus lactis, Largehead hairtail, Larimichthys polyactis, Leaf vegetable, Leuconostoc carnosum, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum, Leuconostoc gelidum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lipid, List of cabbage dishes, List of English words of Korean origin, List of pickled foods, Los Angeles Times, Lyndon B. Johnson, Marcel Dekker, McCune–Reischauer, Microorganism, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Moisture, Myeolchi-jeot, Nabak-kimchi, Napa cabbage, National dish, National Institute of Korean Language, Nelumbo nucifera, Niacin, North Korea, North Korean standard language, Oenanthe javanica, Onggi, Pa-kimchi, Palatalization (sound change), Pantothenic acid, Pao cai, Park Chung-hee, Perilla frutescens, Pimpinella brachycarpa, Platycodon, President of South Korea, President of the United States, Protein (nutrient), Pyongan dialect, Pyongan Province, Quartz (publication), Rapeseed, Reaktion Books, Records of the Three Kingdoms, Retinol, Riboflavin, Saeu-jeot, SAGE Publications, Sallim gyeongje, Samguk sagi, Sauerkraut, Saveur, Scallion, Serratia marcescens, Sino-Korean vocabulary, Siuijeonseo, Sound change, South Korea, South Korean standard language, Soy sauce, Soybean sprout, Soyuz TMA-12, Spinach, Standard Korean Language Dictionary, Stomach cancer, Stromateidae, Sugar beet, Sweet potato, Taylor & Francis, Tân Bình District, Terminal High Altitude Area Defense, The Economist, The Hankyoreh, The New York Times, Thiamine, Three Kingdoms of Korea, Timeline of the SARS outbreak, Tomato, Torshi, Tree onion, Tuổi Trẻ, Tyramine, Umbilicaria esculenta, UNESCO, UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, University of Rochester, Vitamin A, Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Voice of America, Weissella cibaria, Weissella koreensis, Weissella soli, Yeolmu-kimchi, Yi So-yeon, Young summer radish, Zhu Xi. Expand index (171 more) »

ABC-CLIO

ABC-CLIO, LLC is a publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.

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Allium monanthum

Allium monanthum, the Korean wild chive, is a spring vegetable with minuscule bulbous roots that have a mild onion flavor and found in the woodlands of Korea, Japan, northeastern Russia (Primorye), and northeastern China (Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning).

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Allium tuberosum

Allium tuberosum (garlic chives, Oriental garlic, Asian chives, Chinese chives, Chinese leek) is a species of onion native to southwestern parts of the Chinese province of Shanxi, and cultivated and naturalized elsewhere in Asia and around the world.

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American Society for Microbiology

The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), originally the Society of American Bacteriologists, is a professional organization for scientists who study viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, and protozoa as well as other aspects of microbiology.

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Anchovy

An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae.

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Anti-Korean sentiment in China

Anti-Korean sentiment in China refers to opposition, hostility, hatred, distrust, fear, and general dislike of Korean people or culture in both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (commonly known as Taiwan).

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Aralia elata

Aralia elata, commonly called Chinese angelica-tree, Japanese angelica-tree, and Korean angelica-tree, is a woody plant belonging to the family Araliaceae.

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Arctium lappa

Arctium lappa, commonly called greater burdock,, edible burdock, lappa, beggar's buttons, thorny burr, or happy major is a Eurasian species of plants in the sunflower family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable.

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Arirang

"Arirang" (아리랑) is a Korean folk song, often considered the unofficial national anthem of Korea.

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Ash

Ash or ashes are the solid remains of fires.

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Aspirated consonant

In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents.

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Bacillus mycoides

Bacillus mycoides is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium of the genus Bacillus.

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Bacillus pseudomycoides

Bacillus pseudomycoides is a bacterium.

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Bacillus subtilis

Bacillus subtilis, known also as the hay bacillus or grass bacillus, is a Gram-positive, catalase-positive bacterium, found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants and humans.

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Baechu-kimchi

Baechu-kimchi, translated as cabbage kimchi or simply kimchi is a quintessential banchan (side dish) in Korean cuisine, made with salted, seasoned, and fermented napa cabbages.

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Baek-kimchi

Baek-kimchi or white kimchi is a variety of kimchi made without the chili pepper powder commonly used for fermenting kimchi in Korean cuisine.

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Banchan

Banchan (from Korean) is a collective name for small side dishes served along with cooked rice in Korean cuisine.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beta-Carotene

β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.

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Bomdong

Bomdong is a hardy early spring cabbage with tougher, sweeter leaves.

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Book of Wei

The Book of Wei, also known by its Chinese name as the Wei Shu, is a classic Chinese historical text compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and is an important text describing the history of the Northern Wei and Eastern Wei from 386 to 550.

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Brassica juncea

Brassica juncea, commonly brown mustard, Chinese mustard, Indian mustard, leaf mustard, Oriental mustard and vegetable mustard, is a species of mustard plant.

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Brine

Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt (usually sodium chloride) in water.

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Broccoli

Broccoli is an edible green plant in the cabbage family whose large flowering head is eaten as a vegetable.

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Budae-jjigae

Budae-jjigae (literally "army base stew") or sausage stew is a type of jjigae (stew), made with ham, sausage, spam, baked beans, kimchi and gochujang.

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Cabbage

Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green, red (purple), or white (pale green) biennial plant grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.

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Calorie

A calorie is a unit of energy.

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Carbohydrate

A carbohydrate is a biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m may be different from n).

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Carotene

The term carotene (also carotin, from the Latin carota, "carrot") is used for many related unsaturated hydrocarbon substances having the formula C40Hx, which are synthesized by plants but in general cannot be made by animals (with the exception of some aphids and spider mites which acquired the synthesizing genes from fungi).

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Celery

Celery (Apium graveolens) is a marshland plant in the family Apiaceae that has been cultivated as a vegetable since antiquity.

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Chile Pepper Institute

The Chile Pepper Institute at New Mexico State University in Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States is an international research-based and non-profit organization specializing in research, education and archiving information related to Capsicum or chile peppers.

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Chili pepper

The chili pepper (also chile pepper, chilli pepper, or simply chilli) from Nahuatl chīlli) is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum, members of the nightshade family, Solanaceae. They are widely used in many cuisines to add spiciness to dishes. The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids. Chili peppers originated in Mexico. After the Columbian Exchange, many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world, used for both food and traditional medicine. Worldwide in 2014, 32.3 million tonnes of green chili peppers and 3.8 million tonnes of dried chili peppers were produced. China is the world's largest producer of green chillies, providing half of the global total.

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Chili powder

Chili powder (also powdered chili, chile powder or chilli powder) is the dried, pulverized fruit of one or more varieties of chili pepper, sometimes with the addition of other spices (also sometimes known as chili powder blend).

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Chonggak radish

Chonggakmu or Chonggak radish, also called ponytail radish, is a variety of white radish.

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Chungcheong dialect

The Chungcheong dialects of the Korean language are spoken in the Chungcheong (Hoseo) region of South Korea, including the metropolitan city of Daejeon.

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Chungcheong Province

Chungcheong (Chungcheong-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty.

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Codex Alimentarius

The Codex Alimentarius is a collection of internationally recognized standards, codes of practice, guidelines, and other recommendations relating to foods, food production, and food safety.

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Coriander

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), also known as cilantro or Chinese parsley, is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae.

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CRC Press

The CRC Press, LLC is a publishing group based in the United States that specializes in producing technical books.

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Cucumber

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the gourd family, Cucurbitaceae.

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Cucurbita moschata

Cucurbita moschata is a species originating in either Central America or northern South America.

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Dietary fiber

Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants.

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Doellingeria scabra

Doellingeria scabra is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family from Eurasia.

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Dongchimi

Dongchimi is a variety of kimchi consisting of Korean radish, napa cabbage, scallions, pickled green chilli, ginger, Korean pear and watery brine in Korean cuisine.

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Dongyi

The Dongyi or Eastern Yi was a collective term, referring to ancient peoples who lived in eastern China during the prehistory of ancient China and in lands located in the Shandong peninsula and some other eastern parts of ancient China.

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Doosan Corporation

Doosan Corporation is a corporate holding company headquartered in Euljiro 6-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea.

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Doosan Encyclopedia

Doosan Encyclopedia is a Korean language encyclopedia published by Doosan Donga (두산동아).

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Du Fu

Du Fu (Wade–Giles: Tu Fu;; 712 – 770) was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty.

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Eggplant

Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species of nightshade grown for its edible fruit.

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Encyclopædia Britannica

The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.

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Federation of European Microbiological Societies

Federation of European Microbiological Societies (FEMS) is an international European scientific organization, formed by the union of a number of national organizations; there are now 52 members from 37 European countries, regular and provisional.

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Fermentation in food processing

Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions.

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Fish sauce

Fish sauce is a condiment made from fish coated in salt and fermented from weeks to up to two years.

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Folate

Folate, distinct forms of which are known as folic acid, folacin, and vitamin B9, is one of the B vitamins.

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Food energy

Food energy is chemical energy that animals (including humans) derive from food through the process of cellular respiration.

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Gangwon dialect

The Gangwon dialect is spoken in South Korea's Gangwon Province and in North Korea's Kangwŏn Province.

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Gangwon Province, South Korea

Gangwon-do is a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon.

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Garden cress

Cress (Lepidium sativum), sometimes referred to as garden cress to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress (from old Germanic cresso which means sharp, spicy), is a rather fast-growing, edible herb.

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Garlic

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, Allium.

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Gegeol radish

Gegeolmu or Gegeol radish is a variety of white radish.

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Gimbap

Gimbap is a Korean dish made from cooked rice and other ingredients that are rolled in gim—dried sheets of laver seaweed—and served in bite-sized slices.

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Gimjang

Gimjang (김장), also spelled kimjang, is the traditional process of preparation and preservation of kimchi, the spicy Korean pickled vegetable dish, in the wintertime.

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Ginger

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine.

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Glebionis coronaria

Glebionis coronaria, formerly called Chrysanthemum coronarium, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family.

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Goguryeo

Goguryeo (37 BCE–668 CE), also called Goryeo was a Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula and the southern and central parts of Manchuria.

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Google Doodle

A Google Doodle is a special, temporary alteration of the logo on Google's homepages that commemorates holidays, events, achievements, and people.

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Goryeo

Goryeo (918–1392), also spelled as Koryŏ, was a Korean kingdom established in 918 by King Taejo.

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Gyeonggi dialect

The Gyeonggi dialect (경기 방언) or Seoul dialect (서울 사투리/서울말) of the Korean language is the prestige dialect of the language and the basis of the standardized form used in South Korea.

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Gyeonggi Province

Gyeonggi-do (Hangul: 경기도) is the most populous province in South Korea.

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Gyeongsang dialect

The Gyeongsang dialects (also spelled Kyŏngsang), or Southeastern Korean, are dialects of the Korean language of the Yeongnam region, which includes both Gyeongsang provinces, North and South.

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Gyeongsang Province

Gyeongsang (경상도, Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon dynasty.

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Hamgyŏng dialect

The Hamgyŏng dialects, or Northeastern Korean, is a dialect of the Korean language used in southern North Hamgyŏng, South Hamgyŏng, and Ryanggang Provinces of North Korea, as well as the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture of northeast China.

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Hamgyong Province

Hamgyong Province was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty.

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Hanbok

Hanbok (South Korea) or Joseon-ot (North Korea) is the representative example of traditional Korean dress.

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Hanja

Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters.

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History of Korean

The Korean language is attested from the early centuries of the Common Era in Chinese characters.

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Ho Chi Minh City

Ho Chi Minh City (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh; or; formerly Hô-Chi-Minh-Ville), also widely known by its former name of Saigon (Sài Gòn; or), is the largest city in Vietnam by population.

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Hwanghae Province

Hwanghae (Hwanghae-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon.

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International adoption of South Korean children

The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.

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International Journal of Food Microbiology

The International Journal of Food Microbiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research papers, short communications, review articles, and book reviews in area of food microbiology and relates fields of mycology, bacteriology, virology, parasitology, and immunology.

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Jangajji

Jangajji or pickled vegetables is a type of banchan (side dish) made by pickling vegetables.

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Jeolla dialect

The Jeolla dialect of Korean (also known as Cholla), or Southwestern Korean, are spoken in the Honam region of South Korea, including the city of Gwangju.

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Jeolla Province

Jeolla Province was a province in southwestern Korea, one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon.

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Jeotgal

Jeotgal or jeot, translated as salted seafood, is a category of salted fermented dishes made with seafood such as shrimps, oysters, clams, fish, and roes.

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Jeungbo sallim gyeongje

Jeungbo sallim gyeongje is a Korean book on agriculture compiled by Yu Jung-rim (柳重臨) as revised and enlarged from the Sallim gyeongje written by Hong Man-seon (洪萬選 1643∼1715).

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Jibong yuseol

Jibong yuseol ("Topical Discourses of Jibong") is the first Korean encyclopedia.

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Jin dynasty (265–420)

The Jin dynasty or the Jin Empire (sometimes distinguished as the or) was a Chinese dynasty traditionally dated from 266 to 420.

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Jogi-jeot

Jogi-jeot or salted yellow croaker is a variety of jeotgal (salted seafood), made with yellow croakers.

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Joseon

The Joseon dynasty (also transcribed as Chosŏn or Chosun, 조선; officially the Kingdom of Great Joseon, 대조선국) was a Korean dynastic kingdom that lasted for approximately five centuries.

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Journal of Food Science

The Journal of Food Science is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1936 and is published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Institute of Food Technologists in Chicago, Illinois.

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Kangwon Province (North Korea)

Kangwon Province (Kangwŏndo) is a province of North Korea, with its capital at Wŏnsan.

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Ketchup

Ketchup (also catsup) is a condiment.

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Kimchi

Kimchi (gimchi), a staple in Korean cuisine, is a traditional side dish made from salted and fermented vegetables, most commonly napa cabbage and Korean radishes, with a variety of seasonings including chili powder, scallions, garlic, ginger, and jeotgal (salted seafood).

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Kimchi burger

A kimchi burger is a hamburger that includes kimchi in its preparation.

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Kimchi fried rice

Kimchi fried rice or kimchi-bokkeum-bap is a variety of bokkeum-bap ("fried rice"), a popular dish in Korea.

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Kimchi refrigerator

A kimchi refrigerator is a refrigerator designed specifically to meet the storage requirements of kimchi types and different fermentation processes.

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Kimchi-buchimgae

Kimchi-buchimgae or kimchi pancake, sometimes also referred to as kimchi-jeon (김치전), is a variety of buchimgae, or Korean pancake.

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Kimchi-jjigae

Kimchi-jjigae or kimchi stew is a jjigae, or stew-like Korean dish, made with kimchi and other ingredients, such as scallions, onions, diced tofu, pork, and seafood.

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Kkakdugi

Kkakdugi or diced radish kimchi is a variety of kimchi in Korean cuisine.

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Korea

Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.

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Korea Tourism Organization

The Korea Tourism Organization (KTO) is an organization of the Republic of Korea (South Korea) under the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

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Korean brining salt

Korean brining salt, also called Korean sea salt, is a variety of edible salt with a larger grain size compared to common kitchen salt.

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Korean carrots

Korean carrots (Morkov' po-koreyski) or Korean carrot salad (Koreyscha sabzili salat) is a spicy marinated carrot salad, a Koryo-saram variant of kimchi.

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Korean cuisine

Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.

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Korean Culture and Information Service

The Korean Culture and Information Service (KOCIS) is an affiliated organization of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism of the South Korean government and runs 32 Korean cultural centers in 27 countries.

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Korean diaspora

The Korean diaspora (South Korea: or; North Korea: or) consists of roughly seven million people, both descendants of early emigrants from the Korean Peninsula, as well as more recent emigres from Korea.

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Korean language

The Korean language (Chosŏn'gŭl/Hangul: 조선말/한국어; Hanja: 朝鮮말/韓國語) is an East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people.

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Korean Peninsula

The Korean Peninsula is a peninsula of Eurasia located in East Asia.

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Korean radish

Mu or Korean radish is a variety of white radish with a firm crunchy texture.

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Koryo-saram

Koryo-saram (Корё сарам; 고려사람) or Koryoin (고려인) is the name which ethnic Koreans in the post-Soviet states use to refer to themselves.

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Kosher salt

Kosher salt, koshering salt, or kitchen salt is edible salt with a larger grain size than typical table salt and without common additives such as iodine.

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Kyobo Book Centre

The Kyobo Book Centre (also known as Kyobo Mungo) is the largest bookstore chain in South Korea.

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Lactobacillales

Lactobacillales or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are an order of Gram-positive, low-GC, acid-tolerant, generally nonsporulating, nonrespiring, either rod- or coccus-shaped bacteria that share common metabolic and physiological characteristics. These bacteria, usually found in decomposing plants and milk products, produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product of carbohydrate fermentation. This trait has, throughout history, linked LAB with food fermentations, as acidification inhibits the growth of spoilage agents. Proteinaceous bacteriocins are produced by several LAB strains and provide an additional hurdle for spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, lactic acid and other metabolic products contribute to the organoleptic and textural profile of a food item. The industrial importance of the LAB is further evidenced by their generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status, due to their ubiquitous appearance in food and their contribution to the healthy microflora of human mucosal surfaces. The genera that comprise the LAB are at its core Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as the more peripheral Aerococcus, Carnobacterium, Enterococcus, Oenococcus, Sporolactobacillus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella; these belong to the order Lactobacillales.

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Lactobacillus brevis

Lactobacillus brevis is a gram-positive, rod shaped species of lactic acid bacteria which is heterofermentive, creating CO2 and lactic acid during fermentation.

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Lactobacillus kimchii

Lactobacillus kimchii is a bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacterium of the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactobacillus plantarum

Lactobacillus plantarum is a widespread member of the genus Lactobacillus, commonly found in many fermented food products as well as anaerobic plant matter.

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Lactobacillus sakei

Lactobacillus sakei is a bacterium species in the genus Lactobacillus.

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Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive bacterium used extensively in the production of buttermilk and cheese, but has also become famous as the first genetically modified organism to be used alive for the treatment of human disease.

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Largehead hairtail

The largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) or beltfish is a member of the cutlassfish family, Trichiuridae.

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Larimichthys polyactis

Larimichthys polyactis, called the redlip croaker, small yellow croaker, little yellow croaker or yellow corvina, is a species of croaker native to the western Pacific, generally in temperate waters such as the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.

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Leaf vegetable

Leaf vegetables, also called leafy greens, salad greens, pot herbs, vegetable greens, or simply greens, are plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, sometimes accompanied by tender petioles and shoots.

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Leuconostoc carnosum

Leuconostoc carnosum is a lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2776.

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Leuconostoc citreum

Leuconostoc citreum is a vancomycin-resistant, Gram-positive, coccus-shaped bacterium, with type strain NCDO 1837.

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Leuconostoc gasicomitatum

Leuconostoc gasicomitatum is a bacterium, first associated with spoiled poultry meat in modified-atmosphere (low oxygen) packages.

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Leuconostoc gelidum

Leuconostoc gelidum is a Gram-positive lactic acid bacterium; its type strain is NCFB 2775.

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Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a bacterial species sometimes associated with fermentation, under conditions of salinity and low temperatures (such as lactic acid production in fermented sausages).

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Lipid

In biology and biochemistry, a lipid is a biomolecule that is soluble in nonpolar solvents.

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List of cabbage dishes

This is a list of cabbage dishes and foods.

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List of English words of Korean origin

This is a list of words of Korean origin which have entered into English usage.

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List of pickled foods

This is a list of pickled foods.

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Los Angeles Times

The Los Angeles Times is a daily newspaper which has been published in Los Angeles, California since 1881.

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Lyndon B. Johnson

Lyndon Baines Johnson (August 27, 1908January 22, 1973), often referred to by his initials LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after having served as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.

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Marcel Dekker

Marcel Dekker was a journal and encyclopedia publishing company with editorial boards found in New York, New York.

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McCune–Reischauer

McCune–Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems.

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Microorganism

A microorganism, or microbe, is a microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells. The possible existence of unseen microbial life was suspected from ancient times, such as in Jain scriptures from 6th century BC India and the 1st century BC book On Agriculture by Marcus Terentius Varro. Microbiology, the scientific study of microorganisms, began with their observation under the microscope in the 1670s by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. In the 1850s, Louis Pasteur found that microorganisms caused food spoilage, debunking the theory of spontaneous generation. In the 1880s Robert Koch discovered that microorganisms caused the diseases tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax. Microorganisms include all unicellular organisms and so are extremely diverse. Of the three domains of life identified by Carl Woese, all of the Archaea and Bacteria are microorganisms. These were previously grouped together in the two domain system as Prokaryotes, the other being the eukaryotes. The third domain Eukaryota includes all multicellular organisms and many unicellular protists and protozoans. Some protists are related to animals and some to green plants. Many of the multicellular organisms are microscopic, namely micro-animals, some fungi and some algae, but these are not discussed here. They live in almost every habitat from the poles to the equator, deserts, geysers, rocks and the deep sea. Some are adapted to extremes such as very hot or very cold conditions, others to high pressure and a few such as Deinococcus radiodurans to high radiation environments. Microorganisms also make up the microbiota found in and on all multicellular organisms. A December 2017 report stated that 3.45 billion year old Australian rocks once contained microorganisms, the earliest direct evidence of life on Earth. Microbes are important in human culture and health in many ways, serving to ferment foods, treat sewage, produce fuel, enzymes and other bioactive compounds. They are essential tools in biology as model organisms and have been put to use in biological warfare and bioterrorism. They are a vital component of fertile soils. In the human body microorganisms make up the human microbiota including the essential gut flora. They are the pathogens responsible for many infectious diseases and as such are the target of hygiene measures.

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Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism

South Korea's Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) is a central government agency responsible for the areas of tourism, culture, art, religion, and sports.

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Moisture

Moisture is the presence of a liquid, especially water, often in trace amounts.

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Myeolchi-jeot

Myeolchi-jeot or salted anchovies is a variety of jeotgal (salted seafood), made by salting and fermenting anchovies.

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Nabak-kimchi

Nabak-kimchi is a watery kimchi, similar to dongchimi, in Korean cuisine.

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Napa cabbage

Napa or nappa cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis or Brassica rapa Pekinensis Group) is a type of Chinese cabbage originating near the Beijing region of China, and is widely used in East Asian cuisine.

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National dish

A national dish is a culinary dish that is strongly associated with a particular country.

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National Institute of Korean Language

The National Institute of Korean Language is a language regulator of the Korean language.

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Nelumbo nucifera

Nelumbo nucifera, also known as Indian lotus, sacred lotus, bean of India, Egyptian bean or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic plant in the family Nelumbonaceae.

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Niacin

Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.

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North Korea

North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.

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North Korean standard language

North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ is the North Korean standard version of Korean language.

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Oenanthe javanica

Oenanthe javanica, commonly Java waterdropwort, Chinese celery, Indian pennywort, Japanese parsley, water celery and water dropwort, is a plant of the water dropwort genus originating from East Asia.

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Onggi

Onggi is Korean earthenware, which is extensively used as tableware, as well as storage containers in Korea.

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Pa-kimchi

Pa-kimchi, also known as green onion kimchi or scallion kimchi, is one of types of Kimchi that Koreans usually eat for banchan (traditional side dishes) and is most popular in Jeolla-do.

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Palatalization (sound change)

In linguistics, palatalization is a sound change that either results in a palatal or palatalized consonant or a front vowel, or is triggered by one of them.

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Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5 (a B vitamin), is a water-soluble vitamin.

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Pao cai

Pao cai is a type of pickle, usually pickled cabbage, mustard stems, long beans, peppers, daikon, carrots, and ginger, often found in Chinese, and particularly Szechuan cuisine.

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Park Chung-hee

Park Chung-hee (or; 14 November 1917 – 26 October 1979) was a South Korean politician, general, who served as the President of South Korea from 1963 until his assassination in 1979, assuming that office after first ruling the country as head of a military junta installed by the May 16 coup in 1961.

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Perilla frutescens

Perilla frutescens, commonly called perilla or Korean perilla, is a species of Perilla in the mint family Lamiaceae.

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Pimpinella brachycarpa

Pimpinella brachycarpa, known as chamnamul and short-fruit pimpinella, is a species in the genus Pimpinella (family Apiaceae).

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Platycodon

Platycodon grandiflorus (from Ancient Greek πλατύς "wide" and κώδων "bell") is a species of herbaceous flowering perennial plant of the family Campanulaceae, and the only member of the genus Platycodon.

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President of South Korea

The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the South Korean constitution, the chairperson of the cabinet, the chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of South Korea.

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President of the United States

The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.

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Protein (nutrient)

Proteins are essential nutrients for the human body.

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Pyongan dialect

The Pyong'an dialect, alternatively Northwestern Korean, is the Korean dialect of the northwestern Korean peninsula and neighboring parts of China.

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Pyongan Province

Pyeong'an Province was one of Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon.

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Quartz (publication)

Quartz (qz.com) is a news website owned by Atlantic Media.

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Rapeseed

Rapeseed (Brassica napus), also known as rape, oilseed rape, (and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola), is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed.

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Reaktion Books

Reaktion Books is an independent book publisher based in Islington, London, England.

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Records of the Three Kingdoms

The Records of the Three Kingdoms is a Chinese historical text which covers the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty (c. 184–220 AD) and the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD).

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Retinol

Retinol, also known as Vitamin A1, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Riboflavin

Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Saeu-jeot

Saeu-jeot is a variety of jeotgal, salted and fermented food made with small shrimp in Korean cuisine.

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SAGE Publications

SAGE Publishing is an independent publishing company founded in 1965 in New York by Sara Miller McCune and now based in California.

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Sallim gyeongje

Sallim gyeongje, roughly translated as "Farm Management", is a Korean book regarding living and farming written by Hong Man-seon (流巖 洪萬選, 1643-1715).

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Samguk sagi

Samguk sagi (삼국사기, 三國史記, History of the Three Kingdoms) is a historical record of the Three Kingdoms of Korea: Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla.

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Sauerkraut

Sauerkraut is finely cut cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria.

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Saveur

Saveur is a gourmet, food, wine, and travel magazine that specializes in essays about various world cuisines.

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Scallion

Scallions (green onion, spring onion and salad onion) are vegetables of various Allium onion species.

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Serratia marcescens

Serratia marcescens is a species of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Sino-Korean vocabulary

Sino-Korean vocabulary or Hanja-eo refers to Korean words of Chinese origin.

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Siuijeonseo

Siuijeonseo is a Korean cookbook compiled in the late 19th century.

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Sound change

Sound change includes any processes of language change that affect pronunciation (phonetic change) or sound system structures (phonological change).

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South Korea

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.

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South Korean standard language

South Korean standard language or Pyojun-eo (표준어) is the South Korean standard version of the Korean language.

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Soy sauce

Soy sauce (also called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and Aspergillus oryzae or Aspergillus sojae molds.

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Soybean sprout

Soybean sprout is a culinary vegetable grown by sprouting soybeans.

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Soyuz TMA-12

Soyuz TMA-12 was a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station (ISS) which was launched by a Soyuz FG rocket at 11:16 UTC on 8 April 2008.

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Spinach

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) is an edible flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae native to central and western Asia.

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Standard Korean Language Dictionary

Standard Korean Language Dictionary is a dictionary of the Korean language, published by the National Institute of Korean Language.

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is cancer developing from the lining of the stomach.

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Stromateidae

The family Stromateidae of butterfish contains 15 species of fish in three genera.

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Sugar beet

A sugar beet is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of sucrose and which is grown commercially for sugar production.

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Sweet potato

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

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Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group is an international company originating in England that publishes books and academic journals.

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Tân Bình District

Tân Bình is an urban district of Hồ Chí Minh City, Vietnam.

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Terminal High Altitude Area Defense

Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD), formerly Theater High Altitude Area Defense, is an American anti-ballistic missile defense system designed to shoot down short-, medium-, and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in their terminal phase (descent or reentry) by intercepting with a hit-to-kill approach.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Hankyoreh

The Hankyoreh (literally "The Korean Nation" or "One Nation") is a daily newspaper in South Korea.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.

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Thiamine

Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food, and manufactured as a dietary supplement and medication.

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Three Kingdoms of Korea

The concept of the Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the three kingdoms of Baekje (백제), Silla (신라) and Goguryeo (고구려).

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Timeline of the SARS outbreak

The following is a timeline of the 2002–04 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

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Tomato

The tomato (see pronunciation) is the edible, often red, fruit/berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as a tomato plant.

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Torshi

Torshi (Aramaic:ܡܟ̇ܠܠArabic: مخلل mukhallal, Persian: ترشى torshi; Kurdish: ترشى Tirşîn, tirşî, trshin; turşu; τουρσί toursi; туршия turshiya; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian: turšija/туршија; Albanian: turshi Hebrew: חמוצים, khamusim) are the pickled vegetables of the cuisines of many Balkan and Middle East countries.

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Tree onion

Tree onion, topsetting onions, walking onions, or Egyptian onions, Allium × proliferum, are similar to common onions (''A. cepa''), but with a cluster of bulblets where a normal onion would have flowers.

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Tuổi Trẻ

Tuổi Trẻ ("Youth") is a major daily newspaper in Vietnam, publishing in Vietnamese from Hồ Chí Minh City.

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Tyramine

Tyramine (also spelled tyramin), also known by several other names is a naturally occurring trace amine derived from the amino acid tyrosine.

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Umbilicaria esculenta

Umbilicaria esculenta is a lichen of the genus Umbilicaria that grows on rocks, also known as rock tripe.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists

UNESCO established its Lists of Intangible Cultural Heritage with the aim of ensuring better protection of important intangible cultural heritages worldwide and the awareness of their significance.

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University of Rochester

The University of Rochester (U of R or UR) frequently referred to as Rochester, is a private research university in Rochester, New York.

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Vitamin A

Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).

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Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that is involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body: it is a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

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Vitamin B6

Vitamin B6 refers to a group of chemically similar compounds which can be interconverted in biological systems.

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Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.

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Vitamin E

Vitamin E is a group of eight compounds that include four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.

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Vitamin K

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that the human body requires for complete synthesis of certain proteins that are prerequisites for blood coagulation (K from Koagulation, Danish for "coagulation") and which the body also needs for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues.

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Voice of America

Voice of America (VOA) is a U.S. government-funded international radio broadcast source that serves as the United States federal government's official institution for non-military, external broadcasting.

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Weissella cibaria

Weissella cibaria is a species of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the family of Leuconostocaceae.

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Weissella koreensis

Weissella koreensis is a species of Gram-positive bacteria in the family Leuconostocaceae.

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Weissella soli

Weissella soli is a bacterium from the genus of Weissella which has been isolated from soil in Sweden.

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Yeolmu-kimchi

Yeolmu-kimchi or young summer radish kimchi is one of the many types of Kimchi, a popular banchan (Korean side dish).

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Yi So-yeon

Yi So-yeon (born June 2, 1978) is an astronaut and biotechnologist who became the first Korean to fly in space.

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Young summer radish

Yeolmu or young summer radish is a type of leafy radish cultivated in Korea.

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Zhu Xi

Zhu Xi (October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), also known by his courtesy name Yuanhui (or Zhonghui), and self-titled Hui'an, was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty.

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Bossam kimchi, Gat kimchi, Geotjeori, Gimchee, Gimchi, Jjanji, Kaesong Bosam Kimchi, Kaesong bosam kimchi, Kim Chee, Kim Chi, Kim chee, Kim chi, Kim-Chee, Kim-chi, Kimch'i, Kimchee, Kimchi (food), Kimchi', Kimuchi, Kinchi, List of kimchi varieties, 김치.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimchi

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