101 relations: Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Albert III, Duke of Saxony, Albrecht von Wallenstein, Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Archbishopric of Bremen, Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria, Baden, Barbara Jagiellon, Battle of Lutter, Battle of White Mountain, Billet, Bishopric of Lübeck, Bishopric of Minden, Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania, Bremen, Bremervörde, Buxtehude, Calvinism, Canonical visitation, Casimir IV Jagiellon, Catholic Church, Catholic League (German), Christian I of Denmark, Christian IV of Denmark, Christian the Younger of Brunswick, Christina, Queen of Sweden, Christine of Hesse, Christine of Saxony, Convent, Counter-Reformation, Debasement, Denmark, Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg, Dorothea of Brandenburg, Duchy of Schleswig, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Dutch Republic, Dutch Revolt, Edict of Restitution, Electoral Palatinate, Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505), Eric II, Duke of Pomerania, Estate (law), Estates of the realm, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg, Frederick I of Denmark, Frederick III of Denmark, Free City of Lübeck, George, Duke of Saxony, ..., Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim, Gottorf Castle, Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, Hamburg, Hanseatic League, Harsefeld, Helvig of Schauenburg, Himmelpforten Convent, Holstein, House of Habsburg, House of Oldenburg, James VI and I, Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Jutland, Leipzig, Lilienthal, Lower Saxony, List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen, Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse, Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle, Lower Saxon Circle, Lutheranism, Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg, Neuenwalde Convent, Osterholz, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse, Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Pope Urban VIII, Premonstratensians, Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück, Protestant Union, Protestantism, Rixdollar, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg, Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt, Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau, Sidonie of Poděbrady, Society of Jesus, Sophie of Pomerania, Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania, Stade, Stift, Sweden, Thirty Years' War, Treaty of Lübeck, Verden (state), William II, Landgrave of Hesse, Zeven. Expand index (51 more) »
Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Adolf of Denmark or Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (25 January 1526 – 1 October 1586) was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg.
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Albert III, Duke of Saxony
Albert III (Albrecht) (27 January 144312 September 1500) was a Duke of Saxony.
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Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein (Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna; 24 September 158325 February 1634),Schiller, Friedrich.
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Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Anna, Princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 September 1485, Plau am See – 12 May 1525, Rödelheim) was by marriage Landgravine of Hesse.
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Archbishopric of Bremen
The Archdiocese of Bremen (also Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, Erzbistum Bremen, not to be confused with the modern Archdiocese of Hamburg, founded in 1994) is a historical Roman Catholic diocese (787–1566/1648) and formed from 1180 to 1648 an ecclesiastical state (continued under other names until 1823), named Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Erzstift Bremen) within the Holy Roman Empire.
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Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria
Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria (5 January 1614 – 20 November 1662) was an Austrian military commander, Governor of the Spanish Netherlands from 1647 to 1656, and a patron of the arts.
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Baden
Baden is a historical German territory.
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Barbara Jagiellon
Barbara Jagiellon (15 July 1478 – 15 February 1534), was a Polish princess member of the Jagiellonian dynasty and by marriage Duchess of Saxony.
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Battle of Lutter
The Battle of Lutter (Lutter am Barenberge) took place during the Thirty Years' War, on 27 August 1626 (17 August 1626 in the old Julian calendar), between the forces of the Lower Saxon Circle, combining mostly Protestant states, and led by its Circle Colonel Christian IV of Denmark, and the forces of the Catholic League.
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Battle of White Mountain
The Battle of White Mountain (Czech: Bitva na Bílé hoře, German: Schlacht am Weißen Berg) was an important battle in the early stages of the Thirty Years' War.
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Billet
A billet is a living quarters to which a soldier is assigned to sleep.
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Bishopric of Lübeck
The Bishopric of Lübeck was a Roman-Catholic and, later, Protestant diocese, as well as a state of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bishopric of Minden
The Bishopric of Minden was a Roman Catholic diocese (Bistum Minden) and a state, Prince-bishopric of Minden (Hochstift Minden), of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania
Bogislaw X of Pomerania, the Great, (3 June 1454 – 5 October 1523) was Duke of Pomerania from 1474 until his death in 1523.
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Bremen
The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.
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Bremervörde
Bremervörde is a town in the north of the district (Landkreis) of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Buxtehude
Buxtehude is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany, belonging to the district of Stade in Lower Saxony.
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Calvinism
Calvinism (also called the Reformed tradition, Reformed Christianity, Reformed Protestantism, or the Reformed faith) is a major branch of Protestantism that follows the theological tradition and forms of Christian practice of John Calvin and other Reformation-era theologians.
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Canonical visitation
A canonical visitation is the act of an ecclesiastical superior who in the discharge of his office visits persons or places with a view to maintaining faith and discipline, and of correcting abuses.
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Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG (Kazimierz IV Andrzej Jagiellończyk; Kazimieras Jogailaitis; 30 November 1427 – 7 June 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440 and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Catholic League (German)
The Catholic League (Liga Catholica, Katholische Liga) was a coalition of Catholic states of the Holy Roman Empire formed 10 July 1609.
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Christian I of Denmark
Christian I (February 1426 – 21 May 1481) was a Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union.
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Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV (Christian den Fjerde; 12 April 1577 – 28 February 1648), sometimes colloquially referred to as Christian Firtal in Denmark and Christian Kvart or Quart in Norway, was king of Denmark-Norway and Duke of Holstein and Schleswig from 1588 to 1648.
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Christian the Younger of Brunswick
Christian the Younger of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (September 20, 1599 – June 16, 1626), a member of the House of Welf, titular Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt, was a German Protestant military leader during the early years of the Thirty Years' War.
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Christina, Queen of Sweden
Christina (– 19 April 1689) reigned as Queen of Sweden from 1632 until her abdication in 1654.
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Christine of Hesse
Christine of Hesse (29 June 1543 – 13 May 1604) was Duchess consort of Holstein-Gottorp as the spouse of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp.
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Christine of Saxony
Christine of Saxony (25 December 1505 – 15 April 1549) was a German noble, landgravine of Hesse.
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Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns; or the building used by the community, particularly in the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion.
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Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648).
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Debasement
Debasement is the practice of lowering the value of currency.
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Denmark
Denmark (Danmark), officially the Kingdom of Denmark,Kongeriget Danmark,.
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Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg
Dietrich or Theoderic of Oldenburg (c. 1398 – 14 February 1440) was a feudal lord in Northern Germany, holding the counties of Delmenhorst and Oldenburg.
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Dorothea of Brandenburg
Dorothea of Brandenburg (1430/1431 – 10 November 1495) was Queen consort of Denmark (1445–1448 and 1449–1481), Norway (1445–1448 and 1450–1481), and Sweden (1447–1448 and 1457–1464) two times each by marriage to Christopher of Bavaria and Christian I of Denmark.
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Duchy of Schleswig
The Duchy of Schleswig (Hertugdømmet Slesvig; Herzogtum Schleswig; Low German: Sleswig; North Frisian: Slaswik) was a duchy in Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland) covering the area between about 60 km north and 70 km south of the current border between Germany and Denmark.
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Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Holstein-Gottorp or Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp is the historiographical name, as well as contemporary shorthand name, for the parts of the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, also known as Ducal Holstein, that were ruled by the dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
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Dutch Republic
The Dutch Republic was a republic that existed from the formal creation of a confederacy in 1581 by several Dutch provinces (which earlier seceded from the Spanish rule) until the Batavian Revolution in 1795.
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Dutch Revolt
The Dutch Revolt (1568–1648)This article adopts 1568 as the starting date of the war, as this was the year of the first battles between armies.
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Edict of Restitution
The Edict of Restitution, passed eleven years into the Thirty Years' War on March 6, 1629 following Catholic successes at arms, was a belated attempt by Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor to restore the religious and territorial situations reached in the Peace of Augsburg (1555), whose "Ecclesiastical Reservation" had impeded the secularization of Catholic church lands after 1555, so no further Catholic church lands could be converted to Protestant control.
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Electoral Palatinate
The County Palatine of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein), later the Electorate of the Palatinate (Kurfürstentum von der Pfalz) or simply Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz), was a territory in the Holy Roman Empire (specifically, a palatinate) administered by the Count Palatine of the Rhine.
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Elizabeth of Austria (1436–1505)
Elizabeth of Austria (Elisabeth, Elżbieta Rakuszanka; Elžbieta Habsburgaitė; c. 1436 – 30 August 1505) was the wife of King Casimir IV of PolandBrzezińska (1999), p. 190 and thus Queen of Poland and Grand Duchess of Lithuania.
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Eric II, Duke of Pomerania
Eric II or Erich II (between 1418 and 1425 – 5 July 1474) was a member of the House of Pomerania (also known as the House of Griffins) and was the ruling Duke of Pomerania-Wolgast from 1457 to 1474.
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Estate (law)
An estate, in common law, is the net worth of a person at any point in time alive or dead.
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Estates of the realm
The estates of the realm, or three estates, were the broad orders of social hierarchy used in Christendom (Christian Europe) from the medieval period to early modern Europe.
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Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor
Ferdinand II (9 July 1578 – 15 February 1637), a member of the House of Habsburg, was Holy Roman Emperor (1619–1637), King of Bohemia (1617–1619, 1620–1637), and King of Hungary (1618–1637).
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Franz Wilhelm von Wartenberg
Franz Wilhelm, Count von Wartenberg (born at Munich, 1 March 1593; died at Ratisbon, 1 December 1661) was a Bavarian Catholic Bishop of Osnabrück, expelled from his see in the Thirty Years' War and later restored, and at the end of his life a Cardinal.
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Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I (7 October 1471 – 10 April 1533) was the King of Denmark and Norway.
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Frederick III of Denmark
Frederick III (Frederik; 18 March 1609 – 9 February 1670) was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death in 1670.
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Free City of Lübeck
The Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck was a city-state from 1226 to 1937, in what is now the German states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
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George, Duke of Saxony
George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony (Meissen, 27 August 1471 – Dresden, 17 April 1539), was Duke of Saxony from 1500 to 1539 known for his opposition to the Reformation.
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Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim
Gottfried Heinrich Graf zu Pappenheim (29 May 1594 – 17 November 1632) was a field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire in the Thirty Years' War.
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Gottorf Castle
Gottorf Castle (Schloss Gottorf, Gottorp Slot, Low German: Gottorp) is a castle and estate in the city of Schleswig, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany.
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Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden
Gustav II Adolf (9 December 1594 – 6 November 1632, O.S.), widely known in English by his Latinised name Gustavus Adolphus or as Gustav II Adolph, was the King of Sweden from 1611 to 1632 who is credited for the founding of Sweden as a great power (Stormaktstiden).
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Hamburg
Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.
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Hanseatic League
The Hanseatic League (Middle Low German: Hanse, Düdesche Hanse, Hansa; Standard German: Deutsche Hanse; Latin: Hansa Teutonica) was a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and market towns in Northwestern and Central Europe.
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Harsefeld
Harsefeld (in High German, in Low Saxon: Harsfeld; literally in horse field) is a municipality situated south-west of Hamburg (Germany).
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Helvig of Schauenburg
Helvig of Schauenburg (Heilwig von Holstein) (1398–1436), also known as Hedwig of Schauenburg, was a duchess of Schleswig and a countess of Holstein from the family of Schauenburg, and ancestor of the Danish Royal houses of Oldenburg and Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg.
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Himmelpforten Convent
Himmelpforten Convent (Low Saxon: Klooster Hemelpoorten, Kloster Himmelpforten; Conventus Porta Coeli) was founded as a monastery of nuns following the Cistercian Rule during the 13th century in Himmelpforten, in today's Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Holstein
Holstein (Northern Low Saxon: Holsteen, Holsten, Latin and historical Holsatia) is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider.
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House of Habsburg
The House of Habsburg (traditionally spelled Hapsburg in English), also called House of Austria was one of the most influential and distinguished royal houses of Europe.
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House of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg is a European dynasty of North German origin.
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James VI and I
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.
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Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly
Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly (Johan t'Serclaes; February 1559 – 30 April 1632) was a field marshal who commanded the Catholic League's forces in the Thirty Years' War.
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John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp (27 February 1575 – 31 March 1616) was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.
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John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
John of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, nicknamed Bishop Hans called Hans Bishop, (18 March 1606 at Gottorf Castle – 21 February 1655 in Eutin), was a Lutheran Administrator of Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck.
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John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
John, nicknamed the Alchemist (Johann der Alchimist; 1406 – 16 November 1464) was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and served as the peace-loving Margrave of Brandenburg after the abdication of his father, Frederick I, the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule Brandenburg.
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Jutland
Jutland (Jylland; Jütland), also known as the Cimbric or Cimbrian Peninsula (Cimbricus Chersonesus; Den Kimbriske Halvø; Kimbrische Halbinsel), is a peninsula of Northern Europe that forms the continental portion of Denmark and part of northern Germany.
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Leipzig
Leipzig is the most populous city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany.
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Lilienthal, Lower Saxony
The municipality of Lilienthal belongs to the administrative district of Osterholz, Lower Saxony and borders Bremen (Free Hanseatic City of Bremen).
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List of administrators, archbishops, bishops, and prince-archbishops of Bremen
This list records the bishops of the Roman Catholic diocese of Bremen (Bistum Bremen), supposedly a suffragan of the Archbishopric of Cologne, then of the bishops of Bremen, who were in personal union archbishops of Hamburg (simply titled Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen), later simply titled archbishops of Bremen, since 1180 simultaneously officiating as rulers of princely rank (prince-archbishop) in the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (Erzstift Bremen; est. 1180 and secularised in 1648), a state of imperial immediacy within the Holy Roman Empire.
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Louis II, Landgrave of Lower Hesse
Louis II of Hesse (Ludwig) (7 September 1438 – 8 November 1471), called Louis the Frank, was the Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1458 - 1471.
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Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle
The Lower Rhenish–Westphalian Circle (Niederrheinisch-Westfälischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Lower Saxon Circle
The Lower Saxon Circle (Niedersächsischer Reichskreis) was an Imperial Circle of the Holy Roman Empire.
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Lutheranism
Lutheranism is a major branch of Protestant Christianity which identifies with the theology of Martin Luther (1483–1546), a German friar, ecclesiastical reformer and theologian.
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Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg
Magnus II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Güstrow (1441 – 20 November 1503) was duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1477 until his death.
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Neuenwalde Convent
The Neuenwalde Convent (N. Low Saxon: Klooster Niewohl, Kloster Neuenwalde; Conventus Sancte CrucisRobert Wöbber,, on:, retrieved on 2 December 2014.) is a Lutheran damsels' convent in, a locality of Geestland, Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Osterholz
Osterholz is a district (Landkreis) in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567), nicknamed der Großmütige ("the magnanimous"), was a leading champion of the Protestant Reformation and one of the most important of the early Protestant rulers in Germany.
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Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Philip, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (10 August 1570 – 18 October 1590) was the second son of Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1526–1586) and his wife, Christine of Hesse (1543–1604).
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Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Urbanus VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644) reigned as Pope from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644.
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Premonstratensians
The Order of Canons Regular of Prémontré, also known as the Premonstratensians, the Norbertines and, in Britain and Ireland, as the White Canons (from the colour of their habit), are a religious order of Canons regular of the Catholic Church founded in Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Norbert of Xanten, who later became Archbishop of Magdeburg.
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Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück
The Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück (Hochstift Osnabrück) was a state of the Holy Roman Empire from 1225 until 1803.
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Protestant Union
The Protestant Union (Protestantische Union), also known as the Evangelical Union, Union of Auhausen, German Union or as the Protestant Action Party, was a coalition of Protestant German states that was formed on May 14th, 1608 by Calvinist Frederick IV, Elector Palatine in order to defend the rights, lands and person of each member.
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Protestantism
Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.
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Rixdollar
Rixdollar is the English term for silver coinage used throughout the European continent (Reichsthaler, rijksdaalder, rigsdaler, riksdaler).
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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg
The Catholic Archdiocese of Strasbourg (Archidioecesis Argentoratensis o Argentinensis; Archidiocèse de Strasbourg; Erzbistum Straßburg) is a non-metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church in France, first mentioned in 343.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Halberstadt
The Bishopric of Halberstadt was a Roman Catholic diocese (Bistum Halberstadt; 804–1648) Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Passau
The Diocese of Passau is a Roman Catholic diocese in Germany that is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising.
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Sidonie of Poděbrady
Sidonie of Poděbrady (Zdenka z Poděbrad; 14 November 1449 – 1 February 1510) was a duchess consort of Saxony.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Sophie of Pomerania
Sophie of Pomerania (1498–1568) was queen of Denmark and Norway as the spouse of Frederick I. She is known for her independent rule over her fiefs Lolland and Falster, the castles in Kiel and Plön, and several villages in Holstein as queen.
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Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Mecklenburg
Sophie of Pomerania-Stettin (– 26 April 1504, Wismar), was Duchess of Mecklenburg by marriage from 1478 to 1504.
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Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania
Sophia of Pomerania-Stolp (1435 – 24 August 1497), was a Duchess of Pomerania by birth, and married to Eric II, Duke of Pomerania.
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Stade
Stade is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany.
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Stift
The term Stift (sticht) is derived from the verb stiften (to donate) and originally meant a donation.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was a war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.
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Treaty of Lübeck
Treaty or Peace of Lübeck (Freden i Lübeck, Lübecker Frieden) ended the Danish intervention in the Thirty Years' War (Low Saxon or Emperor's War, Kejserkrigen).
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Verden (state)
The historic territory of Verden emerged from the Monarchs of the Frankish Diocese of Verden in the area of present-day central and northeastern Lower Saxony and existed as such until 1648.
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William II, Landgrave of Hesse
William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500.
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Zeven
Zeven is a town in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany.
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Redirects here:
John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Frederick_of_Holstein-Gottorp,_Prince-Bishop