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John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

Index John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh

John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, (12 November 1842 – 30 June 1919) was a physicist who, with William Ramsay, discovered argon, an achievement for which he earned the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1904. [1]

106 relations: Acoustic impedance, Acoustics, Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts), Anglicanism, Angular resolution, Argon, Arthur Balfour, Auricle (anatomy), Baron Rayleigh, Beat (acoustics), Bible, Buckingham Palace, Cambridge University Press, Cavendish Professor of Physics, Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford, Copley Medal, De Morgan Medal, Dimensionless quantity, Dynamic soaring, Edward Routh, Edward VII, Elliott Cresson Medal, Experiments of Rayleigh and Brace, Faraday Lectureship Prize, Francis Greville, 5th Earl of Warwick, Harrow School, Henry Hyndman, Honorary degree, House of Lords, Interaural time difference, J. J. Thomson, Jagadish Chandra Bose, James Clerk Maxwell, James Maitland Balfour, Jesus, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge, Lord Lieutenant of Essex, Maldon, Essex, Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin), Materialism, Mathematician, Matteucci Medal, Natural convection, Natural philosophy, Nature (journal), Niels Henrik Abel, Nobel Foundation, Nobel Prize in Physics, Order of Merit, ..., Parapsychology, Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics), Physicist, Physics, Plateau–Rayleigh instability, Principle of similitude, Psalms, Rayl, Rayleigh (lunar crater), Rayleigh (Martian crater), Rayleigh distance, Rayleigh distribution, Rayleigh fading, Rayleigh flow, Rayleigh law, Rayleigh Medal, Rayleigh Medal and Prize, Rayleigh number, Rayleigh problem, Rayleigh quotient, Rayleigh scattering, Rayleigh wave, Rayleigh's equation (fluid dynamics), Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis, Rayleigh–Bénard convection, Rayleigh–Jeans law, Rayleigh–Lorentz pendulum, Rayleigh–Plesset equation, Rayleigh–Ritz method, Rayleigh–Taylor instability, Renée Haynes, Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh, Royal Institution, Royal Medal, Royal Society, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Rumford Medal, Seabird, Senior Wrangler (University of Cambridge), Sine wave, Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Smith's Prize, Society for Psychical Research, Sound localization, Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, Spiritualism, Supernatural, Surface wave, Terling, Trinity College, Cambridge, University of Cambridge, University of Oslo, William Ramsay, Witham, 1902 Coronation Honours, 22740 Rayleigh. Expand index (56 more) »

Acoustic impedance

Acoustic impedance and specific acoustic impedance are measures of the opposition that a system presents to the acoustic flow resulting of an acoustic pressure applied to the system.

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Acoustics

Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

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Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)

The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert, who had been President of the Society for 18 years.

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Anglicanism

Anglicanism is a Western Christian tradition that evolved out of the practices, liturgy and identity of the Church of England following the Protestant Reformation.

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Angular resolution

Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

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Argon

Argon is a chemical element with symbol Ar and atomic number 18.

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Arthur Balfour

Arthur James Balfour, 1st Earl of Balfour, (25 July 184819 March 1930) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1902 to 1905.

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Auricle (anatomy)

The auricle or auricula is the visible part of the ear that resides outside the head.

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Baron Rayleigh

Baron Rayleigh is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

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Beat (acoustics)

In acoustics, a beat is an interference pattern between two sounds of slightly different frequencies, perceived as a periodic variation in volume whose rate is the difference of the two frequencies.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Cavendish Professor of Physics

The Cavendish Professorship is one of the senior faculty positions in physics at the University of Cambridge.

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Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue, 1st Baron Carlingford

Chichester Samuel Parkinson-Fortescue, 2nd Baron Clermont and 1st Baron Carlingford, (18 January 1823 – 30 January 1898), known as Chichester Fortescue until 1863 and as Chichester Parkinson-Fortescue between 1863 and 1874 and Lord Carlingford after 1874, was a British Liberal politician of the 19th century.

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Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.

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De Morgan Medal

The De Morgan Medal is a prize for outstanding contribution to mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society.

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Dimensionless quantity

In dimensional analysis, a dimensionless quantity is a quantity to which no physical dimension is assigned.

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Dynamic soaring

Dynamic soaring is a flying technique used to gain energy by repeatedly crossing the boundary between air masses of significantly different velocity.

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Edward Routh

Edward John Routh FRS (20 January 1831 – 7 June 1907), was an English mathematician, noted as the outstanding coach of students preparing for the Mathematical Tripos examination of the University of Cambridge in its heyday in the middle of the nineteenth century.

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Edward VII

Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.

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Elliott Cresson Medal

The Elliott Cresson Medal, also known as the Elliott Cresson Gold Medal, was the highest award given by the Franklin Institute.

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Experiments of Rayleigh and Brace

The experiments of Rayleigh and Brace (1902, 1904) were aimed to show whether length contraction leads to birefringence or not.

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Faraday Lectureship Prize

The Faraday Lectureship Prize, previously known simply as the Faraday Lectureship is awarded once every three years (approximately) by the Royal Society of Chemistry for "exceptional contributions to physical or theoretical chemistry".

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Francis Greville, 5th Earl of Warwick

Francis Richard Charles Guy Greville, 5th Earl of Warwick (9 February 1853 – 15 January 1924), styled Lord Brooke until 1893, was a British Conservative politician.

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Harrow School

Harrow School is an independent boarding school for boys in Harrow, London, England.

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Henry Hyndman

Henry Mayers Hyndman (7 March 1842 – 20 November 1921) was an English writer and politician.

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Honorary degree

An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Interaural time difference

The interaural time difference (or ITD) when concerning humans or animals, is the difference in arrival time of a sound between two ears.

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J. J. Thomson

Sir Joseph John Thomson (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron; and with the discovery of the first subatomic particle.

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Jagadish Chandra Bose

Sir Jagadish Chandra Bose, CSI, CIE, FRS (30 November 1858 – 23 November 1937), also spelled Jagdish and Jagadis, was a polymath, physicist, biologist, biophysicist, botanist and archaeologist, and an early writer of science fiction.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.

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James Maitland Balfour

James Maitland Balfour (5 January 1820 – 23 February 1856), of Whittinghame, East Lothian, was a Scottish land-owner and businessman.

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Jesus

Jesus, also referred to as Jesus of Nazareth and Jesus Christ, was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in Pasadena, California, United States, with large portions of the campus in La Cañada Flintridge, California.

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List of Chancellors of the University of Cambridge

The Chancellors of the University of Cambridge, from c.1215 to the present day were.

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Lord Lieutenant of Essex

This is a list of people who have served as Lord Lieutenant of Essex.

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Maldon, Essex

Maldon (locally) is a town on the Blackwater estuary in Essex, England.

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Master of Arts (Oxbridge and Dublin)

In the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin, Bachelors of Arts with Honours of these universities are promoted to the title of Master of Arts or Master in Arts (MA) on application after six or seven years' seniority as members of the university (including years as an undergraduate).

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Materialism

Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental aspects and consciousness, are results of material interactions.

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Mathematician

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

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Matteucci Medal

The Matteucci Medal is an Italian award for physicists, named after Carlo Matteucci.

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Natural convection

Natural convection is a mechanism, or type of heat transport, in which the fluid motion is not generated by any external source (like a pump, fan, suction device, etc.) but only by density differences in the fluid occurring due to temperature gradients.

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Natural philosophy

Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) was the philosophical study of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.

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Niels Henrik Abel

Niels Henrik Abel (5 August 1802 – 6 April 1829) was a Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields.

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Nobel Foundation

The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes.

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Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.

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Order of Merit

The Order of Merit (Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture.

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Parapsychology

Parapsychology is the study of paranormal and psychic phenomena which include telepathy, precognition, clairvoyance, psychokinesis, near-death experiences, reincarnation, apparitional experiences, and other paranormal claims.

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Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)

In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one.

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Physicist

A physicist is a scientist who has specialized knowledge in the field of physics, which encompasses the interactions of matter and energy at all length and time scales in the physical universe.

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Plateau–Rayleigh instability

The Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same volume but less surface area.

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Principle of similitude

The principle of similitude is a supplement to the scientific method advocated by Lord Rayleigh (1842–1919) that requires that any suggested scientific law be examined for its relationship to similar laws.

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Psalms

The Book of Psalms (תְּהִלִּים or, Tehillim, "praises"), commonly referred to simply as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"), the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old Testament.

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Rayl

A Rayl, rayl or Rayleigh is one of two units of specific acoustic impedance or, equivalently, characteristic acoustic impedance; one an MKS unit, and the other a CGS unit.

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Rayleigh (lunar crater)

Rayleigh is a lunar impact crater, approximately 114 kilometers in diameter, that lies along the northeast limb of the Moon.

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Rayleigh (Martian crater)

Rayleigh is an impact crater in the Mare Australe quadrangle of Mars, located at 75.6°S latitude and 240.9°W longitude.

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Rayleigh distance

Rayleigh distance in optics is the axial distance from a radiating aperture to a point at which the path difference between the axial ray and an edge ray is λ / 4.

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Rayleigh distribution

No description.

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Rayleigh fading

Rayleigh fading is a statistical model for the effect of a propagation environment on a radio signal, such as that used by wireless devices.

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Rayleigh flow

Rayleigh flow refers to frictionless, non-Adiabatic flow through a constant area duct where the effect of heat addition or rejection is considered.

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Rayleigh law

The Rayleigh law describes the behavior of ferromagnetic materials at low fields.

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Rayleigh Medal

The Rayleigh Medal is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Acoustics for "outstanding contributions to acoustics".

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Rayleigh Medal and Prize

The Rayleigh Medal and Prize is an award which has been made biennially in odd-numbered years since 2008 by the Institute of Physics; "for distinguished research in theoretical, mathematical or computational physics".

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Rayleigh number

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh number (Ra) for a fluid is a dimensionless number associated with buoyancy-driven flow, also known as free convection or natural convection.

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Rayleigh problem

In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh problem also known as Stokes first problem is a problem of determining the flow created by a sudden movement of a plane from rest, named after Lord Rayleigh and Sir George Stokes.

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Rayleigh quotient

In mathematics, for a given complex Hermitian matrix M and nonzero vector x, the Rayleigh quotient R(M, x), is defined as: For real matrices and vectors, the condition of being Hermitian reduces to that of being symmetric, and the conjugate transpose x^ to the usual transpose x'.

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Rayleigh scattering

Rayleigh scattering (pronounced), named after the British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the (dominantly) elastic scattering of light or other electromagnetic radiation by particles much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.

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Rayleigh wave

Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids.

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Rayleigh's equation (fluid dynamics)

In fluid dynamics, Rayleigh's equation or Rayleigh stability equation is a linear ordinary differential equation to study the hydrodynamic stability of a parallel, incompressible and inviscid shear flow.

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Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis

Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis is a conceptual tool used in physics, chemistry, and engineering.

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Rayleigh–Bénard convection

Rayleigh–Bénard convection is a type of natural convection, occurring in a plane horizontal layer of fluid heated from below, in which the fluid develops a regular pattern of convection cells known as Bénard cells.

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Rayleigh–Jeans law

In physics, the Rayleigh–Jeans Law is an approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments.

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Rayleigh–Lorentz pendulum

Rayleigh-Lorentz pendulum (or Lorentz pendulum) is a simple pendulum, but with a slowly varying frequency (frequency is varied by varying the pendulum length slowly), named after Lord Rayleigh and Hendrik Lorentz.

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Rayleigh–Plesset equation

In fluid mechanics, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation or Besant-Rayleigh-Plesset equation is an ordinary differential equation which governs the dynamics of a spherical bubble in an infinite body of incompressible fluid.

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Rayleigh–Ritz method

The Rayleigh-Ritz method is a method of finding approximations to eigenvalue equations that cannot be solved easily (or at all) analytically.

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Rayleigh–Taylor instability

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor), is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid.

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Renée Haynes

Renée Oriana Haynes (23 July 1906 - 1994), also known as Renée Tickell was a British novelist and psychical researcher.

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Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh

Robert John Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh FRS (28 August 1875 – 13 December 1947) was a British peer and physicist.

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Royal Institution

The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often abbreviated as the Royal Institution or Ri) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

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Royal Medal

A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Royal Society

The President, Council and Fellows of the Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, commonly known as the Royal Society, is a learned society.

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.

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Rumford Medal

The Rumford Medal is an award bestowed by Britain's Royal Society every alternating year for "an outstandingly important recent discovery in the field of thermal or optical properties of matter made by a scientist working in Europe".

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Seabird

Seabirds (also known as marine birds) are birds that are adapted to life within the marine environment.

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Senior Wrangler (University of Cambridge)

The Senior Wrangler is the top mathematics undergraduate at Cambridge University in England, a position which has been described as "the greatest intellectual achievement attainable in Britain." Specifically, it is the person who achieves the highest overall mark among the Wranglers – the students at Cambridge who gain first-class degrees in mathematics.

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Sine wave

A sine wave or sinusoid is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth periodic oscillation.

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Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet

Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903), was an Irish physicist and mathematician.

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Smith's Prize

The Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769.

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Society for Psychical Research

The Society for Psychical Research (SPR) is a nonprofit organisation in the United Kingdom.

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Sound localization

Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance.

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Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire

Spencer Compton Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire, (23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908), styled The Honourable Spencer Cavendish in 1833, Lord Cavendish of Keighley between 1834 and 1858 and Marquess of Hartington between 1858 and 1891, was a British statesman.

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Spiritualism

Spiritualism is a new religious movement based on the belief that the spirits of the dead exist and have both the ability and the inclination to communicate with the living.

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Supernatural

The supernatural (Medieval Latin: supernātūrālis: supra "above" + naturalis "natural", first used: 1520–1530 AD) is that which exists (or is claimed to exist), yet cannot be explained by laws of nature.

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Surface wave

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media.

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Terling

Terling (pronounced Tar-ling or Ter-ling) is a village in the county of Essex, England, between Braintree to the North, Chelmsford to the South West and Witham to the East.

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Trinity College, Cambridge

Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in England.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Oslo

The University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo), until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University (Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet), is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo.

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William Ramsay

Sir William Ramsay (2 October 1852 – 23 July 1916) was a Scottish chemist who discovered the noble gases and received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1904 "in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air" (along with his collaborator, John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics that same year for their discovery of argon).

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Witham

Witham is a town in the county of Essex in the East of England, with a population (2011 census) of 25,353.

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1902 Coronation Honours

The 1902 Coronation Honours were announced on 26 June 1902, the date originally set for the coronation of King Edward VII.

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22740 Rayleigh

22740 Rayleigh, provisional designation, is a Zhongguo asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter.

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Redirects here:

3rd Baron Rayleigh, JW Strutt, John Rayleigh, John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, John Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, John William Rayleigh, John William Strutt, John William Strutt 3rd Baron Rayleigh, John William Strutt 3rd Baron of Terling Place, John William Strutt Rayleigh, John William Strutt, Lord Rayleigh, Lord Rayleigh, Lord Rayleigh, 3rd Baron of Terling Place.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_William_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh

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