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Potassium channel

Index Potassium channel

Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel and are found in virtually all living organisms. [1]

108 relations: Action potential, Adenosine triphosphate, Amifampridine, Apamin, ATP-sensitive potassium channel, Bacteria, Ball and chain inactivation, Barium, Beta cell, BK channel, Bupivacaine, Calcium, Calcium channel, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Cardiac action potential, Cardiac muscle, Cell (biology), Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, Cell membrane, Charybdotoxin, Dendrotoxin, Diabetes mellitus type 2, Diazoxide, Diffusion, Electrochemical gradient, G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel, G protein–coupled receptor, Gating (electrophysiology), Gene, Glibenclamide, Halothane, Heart arrhythmia, Heart rate, HERG, Hormone, Hydrogen bond, Iberiotoxin, Ifenprodil, IK channel, Insulin, Inward-rectifier potassium channel, Ion channel, Ionic radius, KCNJ3, KCNJ5, KCNK1, KCNK10, KCNK12, KCNK13, KCNK15, ..., KCNK16, KCNK17, KCNK18, KCNK2, KCNK3, KCNK4, KCNK5, KCNK6, KCNK7, KCNK9, KcsA potassium channel, KvLQT1, Long QT syndrome, Mammal, Membrane potential, Minoxidil, Molecular dynamics, Multiple sclerosis, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, Nephron, Nest (protein structural motif), Neuron, Nicorandil, Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Pancreas, Parasympathetic nervous system, Pinacidil, Potassium, Potassium channel blocker, Potassium transporter family, Potassium uptake permease, Principles of Neural Science, Protein subunit, Quinidine, Repolarization, Resting potential, Retigabine, Roderick MacKinnon, ROMK, Side effect, SK channel, Sodium, Sodium channel, Solvation, Symmetry, Tetraethylammonium, Tetrameric protein, Tolbutamide, Transmembrane domain, Two-pore-domain potassium channel, Van der Waals force, Voltage, Voltage-gated ion channel, Voltage-gated potassium channel, Washington University in St. Louis, X-ray crystallography, 4-Aminopyridine. Expand index (58 more) »

Action potential

In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.

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Adenosine triphosphate

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a complex organic chemical that participates in many processes.

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Amifampridine

Amifampridine (pyridine-3,4-diamine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 3,4-DAP) is used as a drug, predominantly in the treatment of a number of rare muscle diseases. The free base form of the drug has been used to treat congenital myasthenic syndromes and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) through compassionate use programs since the 1990s and was recommended as a first line treatment for LEMS in 2006, using ad hoc forms of the drug, since there was no marketed form. Around 2000 doctors at Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris created a phosphate salt form, which was developed through a series of companies ending with BioMarin Pharmaceutical which obtained European approval in 2009 under the trade name Firdapse, and which licensed the US rights to Catalyst Pharmaceuticals in 2012. As of January 2017, Catalyst and another US company, Jacobus Pharmaceuticals, which had been manufacturing the free base form and giving it away for free since the 1990s, were racing to obtain FDA approval for their versions first; the company that obtained the approval would have seven years of marketing exclusivity. Amifampridine phosphate has orphan drug status in the EU for Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome and Catalyst holds both an orphan designation and a breakthrough therapy designation in the US..

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Apamin

Apamin is an 18 amino acid peptide neurotoxin found in apitoxin (bee venom).

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ATP-sensitive potassium channel

An ATP-sensitive potassium channel (or KATP channel) is a type of potassium channel that is gated by intracellular nucleotides, ATP and ADP.

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Bacteria

Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.

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Ball and chain inactivation

In neuroscience, ball and chain inactivation is a model to explain the fast inactivation mechanism of voltage-gated ion channels.

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Barium

Barium is a chemical element with symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

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Beta cell

Beta cells (β cells) are a type of cell found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas.

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BK channel

BK channels (Big Potassium), also known as Maxi-K, slo1, or Kcal.1, are voltage-gated potassium channels that conduct large amounts of potassium ions (K+) across the cell membrane, hence their name, Big Potassium.

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Bupivacaine

Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease feeling in a specific area.

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Calcium

Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.

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Calcium channel

A calcium channel is an ion channel which shows selective permeability to calcium ions.

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Calcium-activated potassium channel

Calcium-activated potassium channels are potassium channels gated by calcium, or that are structurally or phylogenetically related to calcium gated channels.

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Cardiac action potential

The cardiac action potential is a brief change in voltage (membrane potential) across the cell membrane of heart cells.

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Cardiac muscle

Cardiac muscle (heart muscle) is one of the three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle.

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Cell (biology)

The cell (from Latin cella, meaning "small room") is the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.

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Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics

Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of the biology of cells, especially their biochemistry and biophysics.

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Cell membrane

The cell membrane (also known as the plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane, and historically referred to as the plasmalemma) is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment (the extracellular space).

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Charybdotoxin

Charybdotoxin (CTX) is a 37 amino acid neurotoxin from the venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (deathstalker) that blocks calcium-activated potassium channels.

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Dendrotoxin

Dendrotoxins are a class of presynaptic neurotoxins produced by mamba snakes (Dendroaspis) that block particular subtypes of voltage-gated potassium channels in neurons, thereby enhancing the release of acetylcholine at neuromuscular junctions.

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Diabetes mellitus type 2

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (also known as type 2 diabetes) is a long-term metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.

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Diazoxide

Diazoxide (INN; brand name Proglycem) is a potassium channel activator, which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle by increasing membrane permeability to potassium ions.

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Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential) as a result of random motion of the molecules or atoms.

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Electrochemical gradient

An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane.

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G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channel

The G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels (GIRKs) are a family of inward-rectifier potassium ion channels which are activated (opened) via a signal transduction cascade starting with ligand-stimulated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).

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G protein–coupled receptor

G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors, 7TM receptors, heptahelical receptors, serpentine receptor, and G protein–linked receptors (GPLR), constitute a large protein family of receptors that detect molecules outside the cell and activate internal signal transduction pathways and, ultimately, cellular responses.

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Gating (electrophysiology)

In electrophysiology, the term gating refers to the opening (activation) or closing (by deactivation or inactivation) of ion channels.

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Gene

In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.

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Glibenclamide

Glibenclamide, also known as glyburide, is an antidiabetic drug in a class of medications known as sulfonylureas, closely related to sulfonamide antibiotics.

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Halothane

Halothane, sold under the brandname Fluothane among others, is a general anesthetic.

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Heart arrhythmia

Heart arrhythmia (also known as arrhythmia, dysrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat) is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow.

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Heart rate

Heart rate is the speed of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (bpm).

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HERG

hERG (the human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) is a gene that codes for a protein known as Kv11.1, the alpha subunit of a potassium ion channel.

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Hormone

A hormone (from the Greek participle “ὁρμῶ”, "to set in motion, urge on") is any member of a class of signaling molecules produced by glands in multicellular organisms that are transported by the circulatory system to target distant organs to regulate physiology and behaviour.

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Hydrogen bond

A hydrogen bond is a partially electrostatic attraction between a hydrogen (H) which is bound to a more electronegative atom such as nitrogen (N), oxygen (O), or fluorine (F), and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electrons.

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Iberiotoxin

Iberiotoxin (IbTX) is an ion channel toxin purified from the Eastern Indian red scorpion Buthus tamulus.

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Ifenprodil

Ifenprodil is an inhibitor of the NMDA receptor, specifically of GluN1 (glycine-binding NMDA receptor subunit 1) and GluN2B (glutamate-binding NMDA receptor subunit 2) subunits.

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IK channel

The IK channel (KCa3.1), which has a conductance of 20–80 pS, is expressed mainly in peripheral tissues such as those of the haematopoietic system, colon, placenta, lung and pancreas.

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Insulin

Insulin (from Latin insula, island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets; it is considered to be the main anabolic hormone of the body.

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Inward-rectifier potassium channel

Inward-rectifier potassium channels (Kir, IRK) are a specific subset of potassium channels.

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Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

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Ionic radius

Ionic radius, rion, is the radius of an atom's ion in ionic crystals structure.

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KCNJ3

Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3, also known as KCNJ3 or Kir3.1, is a human gene.

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KCNJ5

G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNJ5 gene and is a type of G protein-gated ion channel.

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KCNK1

Potassium channel subfamily K member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK1 gene.

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KCNK10

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 10, also known as KCNK10 is a human gene.

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KCNK12

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 12, also known as KCNK12 is a human gene.

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KCNK13

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 13, also known as KCNK13 is a human gene.

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KCNK15

Potassium channel subfamily K member 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK15 gene.

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KCNK16

Potassium channel subfamily K member 16 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK16 gene.

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KCNK17

Potassium channel subfamily K member 17 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK17 gene.

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KCNK18

Potassium channel subfamily K member 18 (KCNK18), also known as TWIK-related spinal cord potassium channel (TRESK) or K2P18.1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK18 gene.

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KCNK2

Potassium channel subfamily K member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK2 gene.

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KCNK3

Potassium channel subfamily K member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK3 gene.

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KCNK4

Potassium channel subfamily K member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK4 gene.

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KCNK5

Potassium channel subfamily K member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK5 gene.

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KCNK6

Potassium channel subfamily K member 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK6 gene.

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KCNK7

Potassium channel, subfamily K, member 7, also known as KCNK7 or K2P7.1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the KCNK7 gene.

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KCNK9

Potassium channel subfamily K member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNK9 gene.

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KcsA potassium channel

KcsA is a prokaryotic potassium channel from the soil bacteria ''Streptomyces lividans'' that has been studied extensively in ion channel research.

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KvLQT1

Kv7.1 (KvLQT1) is a potassium channel protein whose primary subunit in humans is encoded by the KCNQ1 gene.

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Long QT syndrome

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a condition which affects repolarization of the heart after a heartbeat.

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Mammal

Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia (from Latin mamma "breast"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.

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Membrane potential

The term "membrane potential" may refer to one of three kinds of membrane potential.

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Minoxidil

No description.

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Molecular dynamics

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for studying the physical movements of atoms and molecules.

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Multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, or mAChRs, are acetylcholine receptors that form G protein-coupled receptor complexes in the cell membranes of certain neurons and other cells.

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Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2

The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2, also known as the cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 2, is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor that in humans is encoded by the CHRM2 gene.

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Nephron

The nephron (from Greek νεφρός – nephros, meaning "kidney") is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney.

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Nest (protein structural motif)

The Nest is a type of protein structural motif.

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Neuron

A neuron, also known as a neurone (British spelling) and nerve cell, is an electrically excitable cell that receives, processes, and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals.

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Nicorandil

Nicorandil is a vasodilatory drug used to treat angina.

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Nobel Prize in Chemistry

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry.

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Pancreas

The pancreas is a glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.

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Parasympathetic nervous system

The parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is one of the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (a division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)), the other being the sympathetic nervous system.

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Pinacidil

Pinacidil is a cyanoguanidine drug that opens ATP-sensitive potassium channels producing peripheral vasodilatation of arterioles.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Potassium channel blocker

Potassium channel blockers are agents which interfere with conduction through potassium channels.

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Potassium transporter family

The K+ Transporter (Trk) Family is a member of the voltage-gated ion channel (VIC) superfamily. The proteins of the Trk family are derived from Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeast and plants.

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Potassium uptake permease

The potassium (K+) uptake permease (KUP) family is a member of the APC superfamily of secondary carriers.

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Principles of Neural Science

First published in 1981 by Elsevier, Principles of Neural Science is an influential neuroscience textbook edited by Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, and Thomas M. Jessell.

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Protein subunit

In structural biology, a protein subunit is a single protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with other protein molecules to form a protein complex.

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Quinidine

Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart.

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Repolarization

In neuroscience, repolarization refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.

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Resting potential

The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded membrane potential.

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Retigabine

Retigabine or ezogabine is an anticonvulsant used as an adjunctive treatment for partial epilepsies in treatment-experienced adult patients.

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Roderick MacKinnon

Roderick MacKinnon (born 19 February 1956) is a professor of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics at Rockefeller University who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Peter Agre in 2003 for his work on the structure and operation of ion channels.

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ROMK

The renal outer medullary potassium channel (ROMK) is an ATP-dependent potassium channel (Kir1.1) that transports potassium out of cells.

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Side effect

In medicine, a side effect is an effect, whether therapeutic or adverse, that is secondary to the one intended; although the term is predominantly employed to describe adverse effects, it can also apply to beneficial, but unintended, consequences of the use of a drug.

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SK channel

SK channels (small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels) are a subfamily of Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium channel

Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.

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Solvation

Solvation describes the interaction of solvent with dissolved molecules.

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Symmetry

Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.

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Tetraethylammonium

Tetraethylammonium (TEA), (NEt4+) or (Et4N+) is a quaternary ammonium cation consisting of four ethyl groups attached to a central nitrogen atom, and is positively charged.

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Tetrameric protein

A tetrameric protein is a protein with a quaternary structure of four subunits (tetrameric).

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Tolbutamide

Tolbutamide is a first-generation potassium channel blocker, sulfonylurea oral hypoglycemic medication.

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Transmembrane domain

Transmembrane domain usually denotes a transmembrane segment of single alpha helix of a transmembrane protein.

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Two-pore-domain potassium channel

The two-pore-domain potassium channel is a family of 15 members that form what is known as "leak channels" which possess Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz (open) rectification.

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Van der Waals force

In molecular physics, the van der Waals forces, named after Dutch scientist Johannes Diderik van der Waals, are distance-dependent interactions between atoms or molecules.

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Voltage

Voltage, electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric tension (formally denoted or, but more often simply as V or U, for instance in the context of Ohm's or Kirchhoff's circuit laws) is the difference in electric potential between two points.

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Voltage-gated ion channel

Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the electrical membrane potential near the channel.

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Voltage-gated potassium channel

Voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs) are transmembrane channels specific for potassium and sensitive to voltage changes in the cell's membrane potential.

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Washington University in St. Louis

Washington University in St.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is a technique used for determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline atoms cause a beam of incident X-rays to diffract into many specific directions.

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4-Aminopyridine

4-Aminopyridine (4-AP, fampridine, dalfampridine) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H4N–NH2.

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K channel, K+ channel, K+ channels, Muscarinic K+ channel, Muscarinic potassium channel, Muscarinic potassium channels, Potassium channels, Potassium ion channel, Potassium ion channels, Potassium selective ion channels, Shaw potassium channel, Voltage-activated potassium channels.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel

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