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William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

Index William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, (26 June 1824 – 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. [1]

303 relations: Absolute zero, Accuracy and precision, Acoustic wave equation, Admiralty, Age of the Earth, Albert A. Michelson, Albert Einstein, Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts), Alexander Pope, Alternating current, Ampere, Ampere balance, An Essay on Man, Analogy, Andrew Gray (physicist), Annals of Science, Annus Mirabilis papers, Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, Arizona, Arthur Stafford Hathaway, Astronomy, Atlantic Telegraph Company, Atom, Automatic curb sender, Ayrshire, Bandwidth (computing), Belém, Belfast, Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron, Binnacle, Biodiversity, Board of Trade, British Science Association, Buckingham Palace, C. F. Varley, Calibration, Caloric theory, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, Celsius, Chancellor of the University of Glasgow, Character (computing), Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Charles Tilston Bright, Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, Christian Evidence Society, Clydesdale Bank, College of Preceptors, Compass, ..., Coping (psychology), Copley Medal, Creationism, Cross section (geometry), Curtis Lampson, Cyanobacteria, Cyrus West Field, Data signaling rate, Depth sounding, Direct current, Doctor of Law, Dynamics (mechanics), Edward VII, Electric current, Electric power transmission, Electrical conductor, Electrical telegraph, Electrician, Electromagnetic wave equation, Electrometer, Electrostatics, Energy, Engineer, Equipartition theorem, Ernest Rutherford, Evolution, Fahrenheit, Faraday effect, Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Fleeming Jenkin, Flood geology, Force, Four-terminal sensing, Gas thermometer, George Biddell Airy, George Darwin, George Eastman, Germany, Glasgow, Glasgow and South Western Railway, Glasgow Necropolis, Gravitational collapse, Guillaume Amontons, Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize, Hasok Chang, Heat death of the universe, Heat engine, Henri Victor Regnault, History of science, House of Lords, Hugh Blackburn, Humphry Davy, Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery, Institute of Physics, Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland, Insulator (electricity), International Electrotechnical Commission, International System of Units, Internet Archive, Ireland, Irish Home Rule movement, Isaac Newton, Isis (journal), James Alfred Ewing, James Clerk Maxwell, James Prescott Joule, James Thomson (engineer), James Thomson (mathematician), James Thomson Bottomley, Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger, John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair, John Fritz Medal, John Herschel, John Horgan (journalist), John Perry (engineer), John Tyndall, Johns Hopkins University, Joseph Fourier, Joseph Lister, Joule–Thomson effect, Journal of Geophysical Research, Julius von Mayer, Keith Medal, Kelvin, Kelvin bridge, Kelvin equation, Kelvin functions, Kelvin transform, Kelvin water dropper, Kelvin wave, Kelvin's circulation theorem, Kelvin's minimum energy theorem, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, Kelvin–Stokes theorem, Kelvin–Varley divider, Kilmarnock, Kinematics, Kinetic energy, Kinetic theory of gases, Knight, Knight Bachelor, Knot theory, Lamlash, Largs, Largs railway station, Latin, Laws of thermodynamics, Legion of Honour, Lighthouse, Lisbon, List of presidents of the Royal Society, List of things named after Lord Kelvin, Lucian, Luminiferous aether, Madeira, Magnetic deviation, Magnetoresistance, Magnus Maclean, Master class, Mathematical analysis, Mathematical physics, Mathematician, Mathematics, Matteucci Medal, Mechanics, Melting point, Michael Faraday, Michelson–Morley experiment, Mirror galvanometer, MIT Press, Morse code, N ray, Natural selection, Naval architecture, Niagara Falls, Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, Niels Henrik Abel, Nobility, On the Origin of Species, Online Books Page, Operational definition, Order of Leopold (Belgium), Order of Merit, Order of the Rose, Order of the Sacred Treasure, Oxford, Oxford University Press, Oxygen cycle, PDF, Pernambuco, Perpetual motion, Peter Achinstein, Peter Tait (physicist), Peterhouse, Cambridge, Philip Kelland, Philipp von Jolly, Photoelectric effect, Photosynthesis, Physics, Physics World, Piano wire, Pour le Mérite, Power station, Pressure, Privy Council of the United Kingdom, Prochlorococcus, Professor of Natural Philosophy (Glasgow), Profit (accounting), Quantum mechanics, Queen Victoria, Radioactive decay, Radiometric dating, Reliability engineering, Revenue, River Kelvin, Robert Leslie Ellis, Royal Belfast Academical Institution, Royal Institution, Royal Medal, Royal Society of Edinburgh, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Royal Victorian Order, Rudolf Clausius, Samuel Morse, Schooner, Science and Christian Belief, Scientific literature, Scotland, Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame, Scottish Episcopal Church, Sculling, Second law of thermodynamics, Shires of Scotland, Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet, Smith's Prize, Solar System, Special relativity, Specification (technical standard), Square (algebra), SS Great Eastern, St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow, St Pancras railway station, Standardization, Stokes' theorem, Stress (biology), Stress (mechanics), Submarine communications cable, Syphon recorder, Telegraph key, Textbook, The Athenaeum (British magazine), The Right Honourable, Theistic evolution, Theology, Theory of relativity, Thermal conduction, Thermal conductivity, Thermodynamic temperature, Thermoelectric effect, Thermonuclear fusion, Thomas Henry Huxley, Thomas Hubbard Sumner, Tide-predicting machine, Topology, Transatlantic telegraph cable, Tripos, Ulster Scots people, Uniformitarianism, Unit of measurement, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, University of Cambridge, University of Glasgow, University of Oslo, Victoria Institute, Victorian era, Vis viva, Volt, Vortex, Walter Crum, Weaire–Phelan structure, Westminster Abbey, Wildman Whitehouse, Wilhelm Röntgen, William Edward Ayrton, William Hopkins, William Snow Harris, Work (physics), World's Columbian Exposition, Wrangler (University of Cambridge), Yale University, 1902 Coronation Honours. Expand index (253 more) »

Absolute zero

Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as 0.

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Accuracy and precision

Precision is a description of random errors, a measure of statistical variability.

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Acoustic wave equation

In physics, the acoustic wave equation governs the propagation of acoustic waves through a material medium.

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Admiralty

The Admiralty, originally known as the Office of the Admiralty and Marine Affairs, was the government department responsible for the command of the Royal Navy firstly in the Kingdom of England, secondly in the Kingdom of Great Britain, and from 1801 to 1964, the United Kingdom and former British Empire.

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Age of the Earth

The age of the Earth is 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years This age may represent the age of the Earth’s accretion, of core formation, or of the material from which the Earth formed.

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Albert A. Michelson

Albert Abraham Michelson FFRS HFRSE (December 19, 1852 – May 9, 1931) was an American physicist known for his work on measuring the speed of light and especially for the Michelson–Morley experiment.

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Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).

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Albert Medal (Royal Society of Arts)

The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts (RSA) was instituted in 1864 as a memorial to Prince Albert, who had been President of the Society for 18 years.

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Alexander Pope

Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) was an 18th-century English poet.

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Alternating current

Alternating current (AC) is an electric current which periodically reverses direction, in contrast to direct current (DC) which flows only in one direction.

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Ampere

The ampere (symbol: A), often shortened to "amp",SI supports only the use of symbols and deprecates the use of abbreviations for units.

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Ampere balance

The ampere balance (also current balance or Kelvin balance) is an electromechanical apparatus used for the precise measurement of the SI unit of electric current, the ampere.

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An Essay on Man

An Essay on Man is a poem published by Alexander Pope in 1733–1734.

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Analogy

Analogy (from Greek ἀναλογία, analogia, "proportion", from ana- "upon, according to" + logos "ratio") is a cognitive process of transferring information or meaning from a particular subject (the analog, or source) to another (the target), or a linguistic expression corresponding to such a process.

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Andrew Gray (physicist)

Dr Andrew Gray (2 July 1847 – 10 October 1925) was a Scottish physicist and mathematician.

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Annals of Science

Annals of Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering the history of science and technology.

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Annus Mirabilis papers

The Annus mirabilis papers (from Latin annus mīrābilis, "extraordinary year") are the papers of Albert Einstein published in the Annalen der Physik scientific journal in 1905.

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Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery

Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian, (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929) was a British Liberal politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from March 1894 to June 1895.

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Arizona

Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.

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Arthur Stafford Hathaway

Arthur Stafford Hathaway (1855 — 1934) was an American mathematician.

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Astronomy

Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.

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Atlantic Telegraph Company

The Atlantic Telegraph Company was a company formed on 6 November 1856 to undertake and exploit a commercial telegraph cable across the Atlantic ocean, the first such telecommunications link.

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Atom

An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.

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Automatic curb sender

The automatic curb sender was a kind of telegraph key, invented by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin for sending messages on a submarine cable, as the well-known Wheatstone transmitter sends them on a land line.

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Ayrshire

Ayrshire (Siorrachd Inbhir Àir) is an historic county and registration county in south-west Scotland, located on the shores of the Firth of Clyde.

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Bandwidth (computing)

In computing, bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.

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Belém

Belém (Portuguese for Bethlehem), is a Brazilian city, the capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country's north.

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Belfast

Belfast (is the capital city of Northern Ireland, located on the banks of the River Lagan on the east coast of Ireland.

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Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron

Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (26 February 1799 – 28 January 1864) was a French engineer and physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics.

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Binnacle

A binnacle is a waist-high case or stand on the deck of a ship, generally mounted in front of the helmsman, in which navigational instruments are placed for easy and quick reference as well as to protect the delicate instruments.

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Biodiversity

Biodiversity, a portmanteau of biological (life) and diversity, generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth.

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Board of Trade

The Board of Trade is a British government department concerned with commerce and industry, currently within the Department for International Trade.

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British Science Association

The British Science Association (BSA) is a charity and learned society founded in 1831 to aid in the promotion and development of science.

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Buckingham Palace

Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the monarch of the United Kingdom.

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C. F. Varley

Cromwell Fleetwood "C.F." Varley, FRSA (6 April 1828 – 2 September 1883) was an English engineer, particularly associated with the development of the electric telegraph and the transatlantic telegraph cable.

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Calibration

Calibration in measurement technology and metrology is the comparison of measurement values delivered by a device under test with those of a calibration standard of known accuracy.

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Caloric theory

The caloric theory is an obsolete scientific theory that heat consists of a self-repellent fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies.

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Cambridge

Cambridge is a university city and the county town of Cambridgeshire, England, on the River Cam approximately north of London.

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Celsius

The Celsius scale, previously known as the centigrade scale, is a temperature scale used by the International System of Units (SI).

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Chancellor of the University of Glasgow

The Chancellor is the titular head of the University of Glasgow and President of the General Council, by whom he is elected.

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Character (computing)

In computer and machine-based telecommunications terminology, a character is a unit of information that roughly corresponds to a grapheme, grapheme-like unit, or symbol, such as in an alphabet or syllabary in the written form of a natural language.

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Charles Babbage

Charles Babbage (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English polymath.

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Charles Darwin

Charles Robert Darwin, (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution.

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Charles Tilston Bright

Sir Charles Tilston Bright (8 June 1832 – 3 May 1888) was a British electrical engineer who oversaw the laying of the first transatlantic telegraph cable in 1858, for which work he was knighted.

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Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (14 June 1736 – 23 August 1806) was a French military engineer and physicist.

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Christian Evidence Society

The Christian Evidence Society is a UK Christian apologetics organisation founded in 1870.

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Clydesdale Bank

Clydesdale Bank plc is a commercial bank in Scotland.

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College of Preceptors

The College of Preceptors, also known as Society of Teachers, was an examining body and learned society of teachers, professors and associated professionals who worked in education in the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1923.

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Compass

A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions (or points).

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Coping (psychology)

Coping is the conscious effort to reduce stress.

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Copley Medal

The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.

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Creationism

Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.

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Cross section (geometry)

In geometry and science, a cross section is the non-empty intersection of a solid body in three-dimensional space with a plane, or the analog in higher-dimensional spaces.

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Curtis Lampson

Sir Curtis Miranda Lampson, 1st Baronet (21 September 1806 – 12 March 1885), was an Anglo-American fur merchant, best remembered for his promotion of the transatlantic telegraph cable.

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Cyanobacteria

Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.

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Cyrus West Field

Cyrus West Field (November 30, 1819July 12, 1892) was an American businessman and financier who, along with other entrepreneurs, created the Atlantic Telegraph Company and laid the first telegraph cable across the Atlantic Ocean in 1858.

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Data signaling rate

In telecommunication, data signaling rate (DSR), also known as gross bit rate, is the aggregate rate at which data pass a point in the transmission path of a data transmission system.

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Depth sounding

Depth sounding refers to the act of measuring depth.

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Direct current

Direct current (DC) is the unidirectional flow of electric charge.

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Doctor of Law

Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a degree in law.

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Dynamics (mechanics)

Dynamics is the branch of applied mathematics (specifically classical mechanics) concerned with the study of forces and torques and their effect on motion, as opposed to kinematics, which studies the motion of objects without reference to these forces.

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Edward VII

Edward VII (Albert Edward; 9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910.

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Electric current

An electric current is a flow of electric charge.

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Electric power transmission

Electric power transmission is the bulk movement of electrical energy from a generating site, such as a power plant, to an electrical substation.

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Electrical conductor

In physics and electrical engineering, a conductor is an object or type of material that allows the flow of an electrical current in one or more directions.

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Electrical telegraph

An electrical telegraph is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated telecommunication circuit or radio.

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Electrician

An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, stationary machines, and related equipment.

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Electromagnetic wave equation

The electromagnetic wave equation is a second-order partial differential equation that describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves through a medium or in a vacuum.

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Electrometer

An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference.

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Electrostatics

Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest.

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Energy

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that must be transferred to an object in order to perform work on, or to heat, the object.

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Engineer

Engineers, as practitioners of engineering, are people who invent, design, analyze, build, and test machines, systems, structures and materials to fulfill objectives and requirements while considering the limitations imposed by practicality, regulation, safety, and cost.

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Equipartition theorem

In classical statistical mechanics, the equipartition theorem relates the temperature of a system to its average energies.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, HFRSE LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand-born British physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics.

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Evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

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Fahrenheit

The Fahrenheit scale is a temperature scale based on one proposed in 1724 by Dutch-German-Polish physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736).

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Faraday effect

In physics, the Faraday effect or Faraday rotation is a magneto-optical phenomenon—that is, an interaction between light and a magnetic field in a medium.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".

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Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh

Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland judges to be "eminently distinguished in their subject".

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Fleeming Jenkin

Prof Henry Charles Fleeming Jenkin FRS FRSE LLD (25 March 1833 – 12 June 1885) was Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh, remarkable for his versatility.

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Flood geology

Flood geology (also creation geology or diluvial geology) is the attempt to interpret and reconcile geological features of the Earth in accordance with a literal belief in the global flood described in Genesis 6–8.

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Force

In physics, a force is any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object.

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Four-terminal sensing

Four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current-carrying and voltage-sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual two-terminal (2T) sensing.

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Gas thermometer

A gas thermometer measures temperature by the variation in volume or pressure of a gas.

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George Biddell Airy

Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.

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George Darwin

Sir George Howard Darwin, KCB, FRS, FRSE (9 July 1845 – 7 December 1912) was an English barrister and astronomer.

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George Eastman

George Eastman (July 12, 1854 – March 14, 1932) was an American entrepreneur who founded the Eastman Kodak Company and popularized the use of roll film, helping to bring photography to the mainstream.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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Glasgow

Glasgow (Glesga; Glaschu) is the largest city in Scotland, and third most populous in the United Kingdom.

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Glasgow and South Western Railway

The Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) was a railway company in Scotland.

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Glasgow Necropolis

The Glasgow Necropolis is a Victorian cemetery in Glasgow, Scotland.

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Gravitational collapse

Gravitational collapse is the contraction of an astronomical object due to the influence of its own gravity, which tends to draw matter inward toward the center of gravity.

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Guillaume Amontons

Guillaume Amontons (31 August 1663 – 11 October 1705) was a French scientific instrument inventor and physicist.

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Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize

The Gunning Victoria Jubilee Prize Lectureship is a quadrennial award made by the Royal Society of Edinburgh to recognise original work done by scientists resident in or connected with Scotland.

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Hasok Chang

Hasok Chang (born March 26, 1967) is a Korean-born American historian and philosopher of science currently serving as the Hans Rausing Professor at the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at University of Cambridge and a board member of the Philosophy of Science Association.

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Heat death of the universe

The heat death of the universe is a plausible ultimate fate of the universe in which the universe has diminished to a state of no thermodynamic free energy and therefore can no longer sustain processes that increase entropy.

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Heat engine

In thermodynamics, a heat engine is a system that converts heat or thermal energy—and chemical energy—to mechanical energy, which can then be used to do mechanical work.

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Henri Victor Regnault

Prof Henri Victor Regnault FRS HFRSE (21 July 1810 – 19 January 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his careful measurements of the thermal properties of gases.

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History of science

The history of science is the study of the development of science and scientific knowledge, including both the natural and social sciences.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Hugh Blackburn

Bailie Hugh Blackburn (2 July 1823, Craigflower, Torryburn, Fife – 9 October 1909, Roshven, Inverness-shire) was a Scottish mathematician.

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Humphry Davy

Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a Cornish chemist and inventor, who is best remembered today for isolating, using electricity, a series of elements for the first time: potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine.

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Hunterian Museum and Art Gallery

The University of Glasgow's Hunterian is the oldest museum in Scotland.

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Institute of Physics

The Institute of Physics (IOP) is a scientific charity that works to advance physics education, research and application.

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Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland

The Institution of Engineers and Shipbuilders in Scotland (IESIS) is a multi-disciplinary professional body and learned society, founded in Scotland, for professional engineers in all disciplines and for those associated with or taking an interest in their work.

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Insulator (electricity)

An electrical insulator is a material whose internal electric charges do not flow freely; very little electric current will flow through it under the influence of an electric field.

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International Electrotechnical Commission

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC; in French: Commission électrotechnique internationale) is an international standards organization that prepares and publishes International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies – collectively known as "electrotechnology".

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International System of Units

The International System of Units (SI, abbreviated from the French Système international (d'unités)) is the modern form of the metric system, and is the most widely used system of measurement.

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Internet Archive

The Internet Archive is a San Francisco–based nonprofit digital library with the stated mission of "universal access to all knowledge." It provides free public access to collections of digitized materials, including websites, software applications/games, music, movies/videos, moving images, and nearly three million public-domain books.

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Ireland

Ireland (Éire; Ulster-Scots: Airlann) is an island in the North Atlantic.

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Irish Home Rule movement

The Irish Home Rule movement was a movement that campaigned for self-government for Ireland within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

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Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Isis (journal)

Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.

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James Alfred Ewing

Sir James Alfred Ewing KCB FRS FRSE MInstitCE (27 March 1855 − 7 January 1935) was a Scottish physicist and engineer, best known for his work on the magnetic properties of metals and, in particular, for his discovery of, and coinage of the word, hysteresis.

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James Clerk Maxwell

James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish scientist in the field of mathematical physics.

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James Prescott Joule

James Prescott Joule (24 December 1818 11 October 1889) was an English physicist, mathematician and brewer, born in Salford, Lancashire.

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James Thomson (engineer)

Professor James Thomson FRS FRSE LLD (16 February 1822 – 8 May 1892) was an engineer and physicist whose reputation is substantial though it is overshadowed by that of his younger brother William Thomson (Lord Kelvin).

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James Thomson (mathematician)

James Thomson (13 November 1786 – 12 January 1849) was an Irish mathematician, notable for his role in the formation of the thermodynamics school at Glasgow University.

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James Thomson Bottomley

James Thomson Bottomley (10 January 1845 – 18 May 1926) was an Irish-born physicist.

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Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger

Johann Gottlieb Friedrich von Bohnenberger (15 June 1765 – 19 April 1831) was a German astronomer born at Simmozheim, Württemberg.

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John Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair

John Hamilton Dalrymple, 10th Earl of Stair KT (1 April 1819 – 3 December 1903), styled Viscount Dalrymple from 1853 until 1864, was a Scottish peer and politician, who served as Governor of the Bank of Scotland for thirty-three years.

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John Fritz Medal

The John Fritz Medal has been awarded annually since 1902 by the American Association of Engineering Societies for "outstanding scientific or industrial achievements".

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John Herschel

Sir John Frederick William Herschel, 1st Baronet (7 March 1792 – 11 May 1871) was an English polymath, mathematician, astronomer, chemist, inventor, experimental photographer who invented the blueprint, and did botanical work.

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John Horgan (journalist)

John Horgan (born 1953) is an American science journalist best known for his 1996 book The End of Science.

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John Perry (engineer)

John Perry (14 February 1850 – 4 August 1920) was a pioneering engineer and mathematician from Ireland.

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John Tyndall

John Tyndall FRS (2 August 1820 – 4 December 1893) was a prominent 19th-century physicist.

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Johns Hopkins University

Johns Hopkins University is an American private research university in Baltimore, Maryland.

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Joseph Fourier

Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier (21 March 1768 – 16 May 1830) was a French mathematician and physicist born in Auxerre and best known for initiating the investigation of Fourier series and their applications to problems of heat transfer and vibrations.

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Joseph Lister

Joseph Lister, 1st Baron Lister, (5 April 182710 February 1912), known between 1883 and 1897 as Sir Joseph Lister, Bt., was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery.

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Joule–Thomson effect

In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect, or Joule–Thomson expansion) describes the temperature change of a real gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping them insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment.

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Journal of Geophysical Research

The Journal of Geophysical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal.

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Julius von Mayer

Julius Robert Mayer (November 25, 1814 – March 20, 1878) was a German physician, chemist and physicist and one of the founders of thermodynamics.

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Keith Medal

The Keith Medal was a prize awarded by the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy, for a scientific paper published in the society's scientific journals, preference being given to a paper containing a discovery, either in mathematics or earth sciences.

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Kelvin

The Kelvin scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale using as its null point absolute zero, the temperature at which all thermal motion ceases in the classical description of thermodynamics.

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Kelvin bridge

A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm.

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Kelvin equation

The Kelvin equation describes the change in vapour pressure due to a curved liquid–vapor interface, such as the surface of a droplet.

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Kelvin functions

In applied mathematics, the Kelvin functions berν(x) and beiν(x) are the real and imaginary parts, respectively, of where x is real, and, is the νth order Bessel function of the first kind.

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Kelvin transform

The Kelvin transform is a device used in classical potential theory to extend the concept of a harmonic function, by allowing the definition of a function which is 'harmonic at infinity'.

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Kelvin water dropper

The Kelvin water dropper, invented by Scottish scientist William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) in 1867, is a type of electrostatic generator.

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Kelvin wave

A Kelvin wave is a wave in the ocean or atmosphere that balances the Earth's Coriolis force against a topographic boundary such as a coastline, or a waveguide such as the equator.

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Kelvin's circulation theorem

In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's circulation theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1869) states In a barotropic ideal fluid with conservative body forces, the circulation around a closed curve (which encloses the same fluid elements) moving with the fluid remains constant with time.

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Kelvin's minimum energy theorem

In fluid mechanics, Kelvin's minimum energy theorem (named after William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin who published it in 1849) states that the steady irrotational motion of an incompressible fluid occupying a simply connected region has less kinetic energy than any other motion with the same normal component of velocity at the boundary (and, if the domain extends to infinity, with zero value values there).

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Kelvin–Helmholtz instability

The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (after Lord Kelvin and Hermann von Helmholtz) can occur when there is velocity shear in a single continuous fluid, or where there is a velocity difference across the interface between two fluids.

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Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism

The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools.

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Kelvin–Stokes theorem

The Kelvin–Stokes theoremThis proof is based on the Lecture Notes given by Prof.

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Kelvin–Varley divider

The Kelvin-Varley voltage divider, named after its inventors William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin and Cromwell Fleetwood Varley, is an electronic circuit used to divide voltages, i.e. to generate an output voltage as a precision ratio of an input voltage, with several decades of resolution.

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Kilmarnock

Kilmarnock (Cille Mheàrnaig, "Meàrnag's church") is a large burgh in East Ayrshire, Scotland with a population of 46,350, making it the 15th most populated place in Scotland and the second largest town in Ayrshire.

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Kinematics

Kinematics is a branch of classical mechanics that describes the motion of points, bodies (objects), and systems of bodies (groups of objects) without considering the mass of each or the forces that caused the motion.

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Kinetic energy

In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion.

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Kinetic theory of gases

The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Knight Bachelor

The dignity of Knight Bachelor is the most basic and lowest rank of a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not as a member of one of the organised orders of chivalry; it is a part of the British honours system.

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Knot theory

In topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots.

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Lamlash

Lamlash (An t-Eilean Àrd) is the largest village by population on the Isle of Arran, in the Firth of Clyde, Scotland.

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Largs

Largs (An Leargaidh Ghallda) is a town on the Firth of Clyde in North Ayrshire, Scotland, about from Glasgow.

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Largs railway station

Largs railway station is a railway station in the town of Largs, North Ayrshire, Scotland.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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Laws of thermodynamics

The four laws of thermodynamics define fundamental physical quantities (temperature, energy, and entropy) that characterize thermodynamic systems at thermal equilibrium.

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Legion of Honour

The Legion of Honour, with its full name National Order of the Legion of Honour (Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur), is the highest French order of merit for military and civil merits, established in 1802 by Napoléon Bonaparte and retained by all the divergent governments and regimes later holding power in France, up to the present.

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Lighthouse

A lighthouse is a tower, building, or other type of structure designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses and to serve as a navigational aid for maritime pilots at sea or on inland waterways.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.

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List of presidents of the Royal Society

The President of the Royal Society (PRS) is the elected Head of the Royal Society of London who presides over meetings of the society's council.

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List of things named after Lord Kelvin

William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin was a prolific scientific scholar who gave his name to several things.

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Lucian

Lucian of Samosata (125 AD – after 180 AD) was a Hellenized Syrian satirist and rhetorician who is best known for his characteristic tongue-in-cheek style, with which he frequently ridiculed superstition, religious practices, and belief in the paranormal.

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Luminiferous aether

In the late 19th century, luminiferous aether or ether ("luminiferous", meaning "light-bearing"), was the postulated medium for the propagation of light.

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Madeira

Madeira is a Portuguese archipelago situated in the north Atlantic Ocean, southwest of Portugal.

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Magnetic deviation

Magnetic deviation is the error induced in a compass by local magnetic fields, which must be allowed for, along with magnetic declination, if accurate bearings are to be calculated.

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Magnetoresistance

Magnetoresistance is the tendency of a material (preferably ferromagnetic) to change the value of its electrical resistance in an externally-applied magnetic field.

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Magnus Maclean

Prof Magnus Maclean FRSE MIEE MICE LLD(1857-1937) was an electrical engineer who assisted Lord Kelvin in his electrical experiments and later became Professor of Electrical Engineering in Glasgow (one of the first to hold such a title).

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Master class

A master class is a class given to students of a particular discipline by an expert of that discipline — usually music, but also painting, drama, any of the arts, or on any other occasion where skills are being developed.

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Mathematical analysis

Mathematical analysis is the branch of mathematics dealing with limits and related theories, such as differentiation, integration, measure, infinite series, and analytic functions.

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Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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Mathematician

A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.

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Mathematics

Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.

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Matteucci Medal

The Matteucci Medal is an Italian award for physicists, named after Carlo Matteucci.

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Mechanics

Mechanics (Greek μηχανική) is that area of science concerned with the behaviour of physical bodies when subjected to forces or displacements, and the subsequent effects of the bodies on their environment.

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Melting point

The melting point (or, rarely, liquefaction point) of a substance is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid at atmospheric pressure.

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Michael Faraday

Michael Faraday FRS (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

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Michelson–Morley experiment

The Michelson–Morley experiment was performed between April and July, 1887 by Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and published in November of the same year.

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Mirror galvanometer

A mirror galvanometer is an electromechanical instrument that indicates that it has sensed an electric current by deflecting a light beam with a mirror.

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MIT Press

The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts (United States).

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Morse code

Morse code is a method of transmitting text information as a series of on-off tones, lights, or clicks that can be directly understood by a skilled listener or observer without special equipment.

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N ray

N rays (or N-rays) were a hypothesized form of radiation, described by French physicist Prosper-René Blondlot in 1903, and initially confirmed by others, but subsequently found to be illusory.

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Natural selection

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.

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Naval architecture

Naval architecture, or naval engineering, along with automotive engineering and aerospace engineering, is an engineering discipline branch of vehicle engineering, incorporating elements of mechanical, electrical, electronic, software and safety engineering as applied to the engineering design process, shipbuilding, maintenance, and operation of marine vessels and structures.

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Niagara Falls

Niagara Falls is the collective name for three waterfalls that straddle the international border between the Canadian province of Ontario and the American state of New York.

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Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1 June 1796 – 24 August 1832) was a French military engineer and physicist, often described as the "father of thermodynamics".

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Niels Henrik Abel

Niels Henrik Abel (5 August 1802 – 6 April 1829) was a Norwegian mathematician who made pioneering contributions in a variety of fields.

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Nobility

Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.

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On the Origin of Species

On the Origin of Species (or more completely, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life),The book's full original title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.

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Online Books Page

The Online Books Page is an index of e-text books available on the Internet.

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Operational definition

An operational definition is the articulation of operationalization (or statement of procedures) used in defining the terms of a process (or set of validation tests) needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon (a variable, term, or object) and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc.

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Order of Leopold (Belgium)

The Order of Leopold (Leopoldsorde, Ordre de Léopold) is one of the three current Belgian national honorary orders of knighthood.

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Order of Merit

The Order of Merit (Ordre du Mérite) is an order of merit recognising distinguished service in the armed forces, science, art, literature, or for the promotion of culture.

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Order of the Rose

The Imperial Order of the Rose (Imperial Ordem da Rosa) is a Brazilian order of chivalry, instituted by Emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 17 October 1829 to commemorate his marriage to Amélie of Leuchtenberg.

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Order of the Sacred Treasure

The is a Japanese order, established on 4 January 1888 by Emperor Meiji as the Order of Meiji.

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Oxford

Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Oxygen cycle

The oxygen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle of oxygen within its four main reservoirs: the atmosphere (air), the total content of biological matter within the biosphere (the global sum of all ecosystems), the hydrosphere (the combined mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of planet Earth), and the lithosphere/Earth's crust.

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PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Pernambuco

Pernambuco is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country.

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Perpetual motion

Perpetual motion is motion of bodies that continues indefinitely.

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Peter Achinstein

Peter Achinstein (born June 30, 1935) is an American philosopher of science at Johns Hopkins University.

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Peter Tait (physicist)

Peter Guthrie Tait FRSE (28 April 1831 – 4 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist and early pioneer in thermodynamics.

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Peterhouse, Cambridge

Peterhouse is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge, England.

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Philip Kelland

Rev Prof Philip Kelland PRSE FRS (17 October 1808 – 8 May 1879) was an English mathematician.

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Philipp von Jolly

Johann Philipp Gustav von Jolly (26 September 1809 – 24 December 1884) was a German physicist and mathematician.

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Photoelectric effect

The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons or other free carriers when light shines on a material.

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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).

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Physics

Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

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Physics World

Physics World is the membership magazine of the Institute of Physics, one of the largest physical societies in the world.

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Piano wire

Piano wire, or "music wire", is a specialized type of wire made for use in piano strings.

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Pour le Mérite

The Pour le Mérite (French, literally "For Merit") is an order of merit (Verdienstorden) established in 1740 by King Frederick II of Prussia.

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Power station

A power station, also referred to as a power plant or powerhouse and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

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Pressure

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

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Privy Council of the United Kingdom

Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign of the United Kingdom.

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Prochlorococcus

Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 µm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation (chlorophyll ''a2'' and ''b2'').

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Professor of Natural Philosophy (Glasgow)

The Chair of Natural Philosophy is a professorship at the University of Glasgow, in Scotland, which was established in 1727 The Nova Erectio of King James VI of Scotland shared the teaching of moral philosophy, logic and natural philosophy among the regents.

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Profit (accounting)

Profit, in accounting, is an income distributed to the owner in a profitable market production process (business).

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.

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Queen Victoria

Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death.

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Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy (in terms of mass in its rest frame) by emitting radiation, such as an alpha particle, beta particle with neutrino or only a neutrino in the case of electron capture, gamma ray, or electron in the case of internal conversion.

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Radiometric dating

Radiometric dating or radioactive dating is a technique used to date materials such as rocks or carbon, in which trace radioactive impurities were selectively incorporated when they were formed.

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Reliability engineering

Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes dependability in the lifecycle management of a product.

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Revenue

In accounting, revenue is the income that a business has from its normal business activities, usually from the sale of goods and services to customers.

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River Kelvin

The River Kelvin is a tributary of the River Clyde in northern and northeastern Glasgow, Scotland.

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Robert Leslie Ellis

Robert Leslie Ellis (25 August 1817 – 12 May 1859) was an English polymath, remembered principally as a mathematician and editor of the works of Francis Bacon.

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Royal Belfast Academical Institution

The Royal Belfast Academical Institution, is a grammar school in Belfast, Northern Ireland.

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Royal Institution

The Royal Institution of Great Britain (often abbreviated as the Royal Institution or Ri) is an organisation devoted to scientific education and research, based in London.

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Royal Medal

A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.

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Royal Society of Edinburgh

The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters.

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Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences

The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences or Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien is one of the Royal Academies of Sweden.

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Royal Victorian Order

The Royal Victorian Order (Ordre royal de Victoria) is a dynastic order of knighthood established in 1896 by Queen Victoria.

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Rudolf Clausius

Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founders of the science of thermodynamics.

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Samuel Morse

Samuel Finley Breese Morse (April 27, 1791 – April 2, 1872) was an American painter and inventor. After having established his reputation as a portrait painter, in his middle age Morse contributed to the invention of a single-wire telegraph system based on European telegraphs. He was a co-developer of the Morse code and helped to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.

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Schooner

A schooner is a type of sailing vessel with fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts.

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Science and Christian Belief

Science and Christian Belief is a biannual peer-reviewed academic journal published by Paternoster Press on behalf of Christians in Science and the Victoria Institute.

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Scientific literature

Scientific literature comprises scholarly publications that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences, and within an academic field, often abbreviated as the literature.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame

The Scottish Engineering Hall of Fame honours "those engineers from, or closely associated with, Scotland who have achieved, or deserve to achieve, greatness", selected by an independent panel representing Scottish engineering institutions, academies, museums and archiving organisations.

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Scottish Episcopal Church

The seven dioceses of the Scottish Episcopal Church (Eaglais Easbaigeach na h-Alba) make up the ecclesiastical province of the Anglican Communion in Scotland.

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Sculling

Sculling is the use of oars to propel a boat by moving the oars through the water on both sides of the craft, or moving a single oar over the stern.

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Second law of thermodynamics

The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.

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Shires of Scotland

The counties or shires of Scotland (Siorrachdan na h-Alba) are geographic subdivisions of Scotland established in the Middle Ages.

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Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet

Sir George Gabriel Stokes, 1st Baronet, (13 August 1819 – 1 February 1903), was an Irish physicist and mathematician.

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Smith's Prize

The Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Special relativity

In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.

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Specification (technical standard)

A specification often refers to a set of documented requirements to be satisfied by a material, design, product, or service.

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Square (algebra)

In mathematics, a square is the result of multiplying a number by itself.

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SS Great Eastern

SS Great Eastern was an iron sailing steamship designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, and built by J. Scott Russell & Co.

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St Mary's Cathedral, Glasgow

The Cathedral Church of St Mary the Virgin (commonly called St Mary's Cathedral) is a cathedral of the Scottish Episcopal Church.

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St Pancras railway station

St Pancras railway station, also known as London St Pancras and officially since 2007 as St Pancras International, is a central London railway terminus located on Euston Road in the London Borough of Camden.

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Standardization

Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments Standardization can help to maximize compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality.

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Stokes' theorem

In vector calculus, and more generally differential geometry, Stokes' theorem (also called the generalized Stokes theorem or the Stokes–Cartan theorem) is a statement about the integration of differential forms on manifolds, which both simplifies and generalizes several theorems from vector calculus.

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Stress (biology)

Physiological or biological stress is an organism's response to a stressor such as an environmental condition.

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Stress (mechanics)

In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that expresses the internal forces that neighboring particles of a continuous material exert on each other, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material.

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Submarine communications cable

A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea.

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Syphon recorder

The syphon or siphon recorder is an obsolete electromechanical device used as a receiver for submarine telegraph cables invented by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin in 1867.

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Telegraph key

A telegraph key is a switching device used primarily to send Morse code.

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Textbook

A textbook or coursebook (UK English) is a manual of instruction in any branch of study.

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The Athenaeum (British magazine)

The Athenaeum was a literary magazine published in London, England from 1828 to 1921.

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The Right Honourable

The Right Honourable (The Rt Hon. or Rt Hon.) is an honorific style traditionally applied to certain persons and to certain collective bodies in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, India, some other Commonwealth realms, the Anglophone Caribbean, Mauritius, and occasionally elsewhere.

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Theistic evolution

Theistic evolution, theistic evolutionism, evolutionary creationism or God-guided evolution are views that regard religious teachings about God as compatible with modern scientific understanding about biological evolution.

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Theology

Theology is the critical study of the nature of the divine.

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Theory of relativity

The theory of relativity usually encompasses two interrelated theories by Albert Einstein: special relativity and general relativity.

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Thermal conduction

Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat (internal energy) by microscopic collisions of particles and movement of electrons within a body.

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Thermal conductivity

Thermal conductivity (often denoted k, λ, or κ) is the property of a material to conduct heat.

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Thermodynamic temperature

Thermodynamic temperature is the absolute measure of temperature and is one of the principal parameters of thermodynamics.

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Thermoelectric effect

The thermoelectric effect is the direct conversion of temperature differences to electric voltage and vice versa via a thermocouple.

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Thermonuclear fusion

Thermonuclear fusion is a way to achieve nuclear fusion by using extremely high temperatures.

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Thomas Henry Huxley

Thomas Henry Huxley (4 May 1825 – 29 June 1895) was an English biologist specialising in comparative anatomy.

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Thomas Hubbard Sumner

Thomas Hubbard Sumner (20 March 1807 – 9 March 1876) was a sea captain during the 19th century.

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Tide-predicting machine

A tide-predicting machine was a special-purpose mechanical analog computer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, constructed and set up to predict the ebb and flow of sea tides and the irregular variations in their heights – which change in mixtures of rhythms, that never (in the aggregate) repeat themselves exactly.

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Topology

In mathematics, topology (from the Greek τόπος, place, and λόγος, study) is concerned with the properties of space that are preserved under continuous deformations, such as stretching, crumpling and bending, but not tearing or gluing.

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Transatlantic telegraph cable

A transatlantic telegraph cable is an undersea cable running under the Atlantic Ocean used for telegraph communications.

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Tripos

At the University of Cambridge, a Tripos (plural 'Triposes') is any of the undergraduate examinations that qualify an undergraduate for a bachelor's degree or the courses taken by an undergraduate to prepare.

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Ulster Scots people

The Ulster Scots (Ulster-Scots: Ulstèr-Scotch), also called Ulster-Scots people (Ulstèr-Scotch fowk) or, outside the British Isles, Scots-Irish (Scotch-Airisch), are an ethnic group in Ireland, found mostly in the Ulster region and to a lesser extent in the rest of Ireland.

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Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism, also known as the Doctrine of Uniformity,, "The assumption of spatial and temporal invariance of natural laws is by no means unique to geology since it amounts to a warrant for inductive inference which, as Bacon showed nearly four hundred years ago, is the basic mode of reasoning in empirical science.

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Unit of measurement

A unit of measurement is a definite magnitude of a quantity, defined and adopted by convention or by law, that is used as a standard for measurement of the same kind of quantity.

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United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was established by the Acts of Union 1800, which merged the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.

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University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.

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University of Glasgow

The University of Glasgow (Oilthigh Ghlaschu; Universitas Glasguensis; abbreviated as Glas. in post-nominals) is the fourth-oldest university in the English-speaking world and one of Scotland's four ancient universities.

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University of Oslo

The University of Oslo (Universitetet i Oslo), until 1939 named the Royal Frederick University (Det Kongelige Frederiks Universitet), is the oldest university in Norway, located in the Norwegian capital of Oslo.

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Victoria Institute

The Victoria Institute, or Philosophical Society of Great Britain, was founded in 1865, as a response to the publication of On the Origin of Species and Essays and Reviews.

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Victorian era

In the history of the United Kingdom, the Victorian era was the period of Queen Victoria's reign, from 20 June 1837 until her death on 22 January 1901.

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Vis viva

Vis viva (from the Latin for "living force") is a historical term used for the first (known) description of what we now call kinetic energy in an early formulation of the principle of conservation of energy.

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Volt

The volt (symbol: V) is the derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force.

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Vortex

In fluid dynamics, a vortex (plural vortices/vortexes) is a region in a fluid in which the flow revolves around an axis line, which may be straight or curved.

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Walter Crum

Walter Crum (1796 – 1867) was a Scottish chemist and businessman.

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Weaire–Phelan structure

In geometry, the Weaire–Phelan structure is a complex 3-dimensional structure representing an idealised foam of equal-sized bubbles.

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Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.

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Wildman Whitehouse

Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse (1 October 1816 – 26 January 1890) was an English surgeon by profession and an electrical experimenter by avocation.

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Wilhelm Röntgen

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.

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William Edward Ayrton

William Edward Ayrton, FRS (14 September 18478 November 1908) was an English physicist and electrical engineer.

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William Hopkins

William Hopkins FRS (2 February 1793 – 13 October 1866) was an English mathematician and geologist.

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William Snow Harris

Sir William Snow Harris (1 April 1791 – 22 January 1867) was an English physician and electrical researcher, nicknamed Thunder-and-Lightning Harris, and noted for his invention of a successful system of lightning conductors for ships.

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Work (physics)

In physics, a force is said to do work if, when acting, there is a displacement of the point of application in the direction of the force.

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World's Columbian Exposition

The World's Columbian Exposition (the official shortened name for the World's Fair: Columbian Exposition, also known as the Chicago World's Fair and Chicago Columbian Exposition) was a world's fair held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's arrival in the New World in 1492.

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Wrangler (University of Cambridge)

At the University of Cambridge in England, a "Wrangler" is a student who gains first-class honours in the third year of the University's undergraduate degree in mathematics.

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Yale University

Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university in New Haven, Connecticut.

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1902 Coronation Honours

The 1902 Coronation Honours were announced on 26 June 1902, the date originally set for the coronation of King Edward VII.

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Redirects here:

Baron Kelvin, Kelvin, William Thomson, 1st Baron, Lord Kelvin, Lord Kelvin (William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (William Thomson), Lord William Thomson Kelvin, Sir William Thompson, Sir William Thomson, Thomson, William, 1st Baron Kelvin, Vortex theory of the atom, William Kelvin, William Thomas Thomson, William Thompson Baron Kelvin Of Largs, William Thomson (physicist), William Thomson Kelvin, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (or Lord Kelvin), William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (or Lord Kelvin), OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin of Largs, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin, OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, FRSE, William Thomson, Baron Kelvin, William Thomson, Lord Kelvin, William thomson, 1st baron kelvin, William, 1st Baron Kelvin Thomson.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin

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