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Keyboard layout

Index Keyboard layout

A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer, typewriter, or other typographic keyboard. [1]

278 relations: A, A (Cyrillic), Acute accent, AFNOR, Alphabet, Alphanumeric, Alt key, AltGr key, American National Standards Institute, Amiga, Android (operating system), Apostrophe, Apple Inc., Apple Keyboard, Arabic keyboard, Armenian language, August Dvorak, AutoHotkey, Azerbaijani language, AZERTY, Á, Ä, Ç, Ñ, Ü, Ý, Ą, Č, Š, Ž, Backslash, Backspace, Belgium, Bengali language, Berber languages, Berkeley Software Distribution, Bhutan, Bit-paired keyboard, Blickensderfer typewriter, Bopomofo, Brahmi script, Break key, British and American keyboards, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgarian alphabet, Bulgarian language, C, Canadian Aboriginal syllabics, Cangjie input method, Caps lock, ..., Character encoding, Cherokee language, China, Chinese input methods for computers, Chinese language, Chorded keyboard, Christopher Latham Sholes, Chrome OS, CJK characters, Command key, Computer keyboard, Computer mouse, Consonant, Control key, Copyright symbol, Cursor (user interface), Cyrillic script, DataHand, Dayi method, Dead key, Devanagari, Diacritic, Digraphia, Dimiter Skordev, Disability, Dje, Dvorak Simplified Keyboard, Dze, Dzhe, Dzongkha, Dzongkha keyboard layout, E (Cyrillic), Eastern Nagari script, Emoji, En (Cyrillic), Equals sign, Ergonomic keyboard, ES PEVM, Esc key, Esperanto, FITALY, Flight simulator, France, French language, Function key, Georgia (country), Georgian scripts, German language, Ghe with upturn, Gje, Google, Grave accent, Greek diacritics, Greek language, Gujarati alphabet, Gurmukhi script, Half-keyboard, Handwriting recognition, Hangul, Hangul consonant and vowel tables, Hanja, Hebrew language, Hepburn romanization, Heuristic, Hiragana, Home computer, Hong Kong, Human factors and ergonomics, Hyphen-minus, IBM PC compatible, IBM PC keyboard, IBM Personal Computer, IBM Selectric typewriter, Ideogram, India, Input method, InScript keyboard, International Committee for Information Technology Standards, International Phonetic Alphabet, Inuktitut, IPad, IPhone, IPod Touch, ISO/IEC 9995, Japanese Industrial Standards, Japanese input methods, Japanese language, Japanese language and computers, Je (Cyrillic), Kana, Kanji, Kannada alphabet, Katakana, Key Tronic, Keyboard layout, Keyboard shortcut, Kha (Cyrillic), Khmer language, Kinesis (keyboard), Kje, Korean language, Kunrei-shiki romanization, Language code, Language input keys, LaTeX, Latin script, Latin-script alphabet, Latvian language, Letter (alphabet), Letter case, Lexicographical order, Linux, Linux distribution, Lisp machine, Lithuanian language, Lje, Macintosh operating systems, MacOS, Macron (diacritic), Mainland China, Malayalam script, Maltron, MeeGo, Menu key, MessagEase, Metropolis–Hastings algorithm, Microsoft, Microsoft Windows, Mobile phone, Model M keyboard, Mouse button, MSX, Musical keyboard, Network effect, Nje, Numeric keypad, Numerical digit, O (Cyrillic), Odia alphabet, OLPC XO, OpenSolaris, Operating system, Option key, PDF, Phonetic keyboard layout, Phonetic transcription, Pinyin, PLATO (computer system), PLUM keyboard, Plus and minus signs, Portable application, Printing telegraph, Punctuation, Q, QWERTY, Radical (Chinese characters), Roman numerals, Romanization of Japanese, Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture, Russian language, S, Sami languages, Scancode, Semicolon, Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, Shift key, Sholes and Glidden typewriter, Sigma, SIL International, Sinhalese alphabet, Sinhalese language, Sofia University, Space bar, Space-cadet keyboard, Spanish language, Standard Tibetan, Standardization Administration of China, Stenotype, Stroke (CJKV character), Switching barriers, Syllabary, T, T with stroke, Tablet computer, Taiwan, Tamil script, Te (Cyrillic), Technical standards in Hong Kong, Telugu script, Text Services Framework, Thai language, Thai Pattachote keyboard layout, Thumb-shift keyboard, Tifinagh, Touch typing, Transliteration, Tshe, Turkish alphabet, Turkish language, Turkish Language Association, Turkmen language, Typewriter, Typographic ligature, Typography, Ubuntu (operating system), Ukrainian language, Unicode, Unix, Unix-like, Urdu keyboard, URL, V, Velotype, Vietnamese language, Vowel, W, Windows 7, Windows key, Windows Phone, Windows Vista, Workstation, Wubi method, X, X Window System, Y, Ya (Cyrillic), Yen sign, Zhe (Cyrillic). Expand index (228 more) »

A

A (named, plural As, A's, as, a's or aes) is the first letter and the first vowel of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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A (Cyrillic)

A (А а; italics: А а) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Acute accent

The acute accent (´) is a diacritic used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic, and Greek scripts.

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AFNOR

Association Française de Normalisation (AFNOR, en: French Standardization Association) is the French national organization for standardization and its International Organization for Standardization member body.

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Alphabet

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or graphemes) that is used to write one or more languages based upon the general principle that the letters represent phonemes (basic significant sounds) of the spoken language.

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Alphanumeric

Alphanumeric is a combination of alphabetic and numeric characters, and is used to describe the collection of Latin letters and Arabic digits or a text constructed from this collection.

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Alt key

The Alt key (pronounced or) on a computer keyboard is used to change (alternate) the function of other pressed keys.

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AltGr key

AltGr (also Alt Graph, or Right Alt) is a modifier key found on some computer keyboards and is primarily used to type characters that are unusual for the locale of the keyboard layout, such as currency symbols and accented letters.

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American National Standards Institute

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.

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Amiga

The Amiga is a family of personal computers introduced by Commodore in 1985.

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Android (operating system)

Android is a mobile operating system developed by Google, based on a modified version of the Linux kernel and other open source software and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.

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Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ' or) character is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets.

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Apple Inc.

Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino, California, that designs, develops, and sells consumer electronics, computer software, and online services.

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Apple Keyboard

The Apple Keyboard is a keyboard designed by Apple Inc. first for the Apple line, then the Macintosh line of computers.

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Arabic keyboard

The Arabic keyboard (لوحة المفاتيح العربية) is the Arabic keyboard layout used for the Arabic language.

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Armenian language

The Armenian language (reformed: հայերեն) is an Indo-European language spoken primarily by the Armenians.

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August Dvorak

August Dvorak (May 5, 1894 – October 10, 1975) was an American educational psychologist and professor of education at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington.

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AutoHotkey

AutoHotkey is a free, open-source custom scripting language for Microsoft Windows, initially aimed at providing easy keyboard shortcuts or hotkeys, fast macro-creation and software automation that allows users of most levels of computer skill to automate repetitive tasks in any Windows application.

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Azerbaijani language

Azerbaijani or Azeri, also referred to as Azeri Turkic or Azeri Turkish, is a Turkic language spoken primarily by the Azerbaijanis, who are concentrated mainly in Transcaucasia and Iranian Azerbaijan (historic Azerbaijan).

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AZERTY

AZERTY is a specific layout for the characters of the Latin alphabet on typewriter keys and computer keyboards.

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Á

Á, á (a-acute) is a letter of the Blackfoot, Czech, Dutch, Faroese, Galician, Hungarian, Icelandic, Irish, Kazakh, Lakota, Navajo, Occitan, Portuguese, Sámi, Slovak, Spanish, Vietnamese, and Welsh languages as a variant of the letter a. It is sometimes confused with à; e.g. "5 apples á $1", which is more commonly written as "5 apples à $1" (meaning "5 apples at 1 dollar each").

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Ä

Ä (lower case ä) is a character that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with an umlaut mark or diaeresis.

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Ç

Ç or ç (c-cedilla) is a Latin script letter, used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, Manx, Portuguese, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish and Zazaki alphabets.

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Ñ

Ñ (lower case ñ, eñe, Phonetic Alphabet: "énye") is a letter of the modern Latin alphabet, formed by placing a tilde (called a virgulilla in Spanish) on top of an upper- or lowercase N. It became part of the Spanish alphabet in the eighteenth century when it was first formally defined, but it is also used in other languages such as Galician, Asturian, the Aragonese Grafía de Uesca, Basque, Chavacano, Filipino, Chamorro, Guarani, Quechua, Mapudungun, Mandinka, and Tetum alphabets, as well as in Latin transliteration of Tocharian and Sanskrit, where it represents.

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Ü

Ü, or ü, is a character that typically represents a close front rounded vowel.

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Ý

Ý (ý) is a letter of Old Norse, Icelandic, Kazakh and Faroese alphabets, as well as in Turkmen language.

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Ą

Ą (minuscule: ą) is a letter in the Polish, Kashubian, Lithuanian, Creek, Navajo, Western Apache, Chiricahua, Osage, Hocąk, Mescalero, Gwich'in, Tutchone, and Elfdalian alphabets.

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Č

The grapheme Čč (Latin C with caron, also known as háček in Czech and mäkčeň in Slovak) is used in various contexts, usually denoting the voiceless postalveolar affricate consonant like the English ch in the word chocolate.

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Š

The grapheme Š, š (S with caron) is used in various contexts representing the đ sound usually denoting the voiceless postalveolar fricative or similar voiceless retroflex fricative /ʂ/.

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Ž

The grapheme Ž (minuscule: ž) is formed from Latin Z with the addition of caron (háček, mäkčeň, strešica, kvačica).

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Backslash

The backslash (\) is a typographical mark (glyph) used mainly in computing and is the mirror image of the common slash (/).

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Backspace

Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter carriage one position backwards, and in modern computer systems moves the display cursor one position backwards,"Backwards" means to the left for left-to-right languages.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bengali language

Bengali, also known by its endonym Bangla (বাংলা), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in South Asia.

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Berber languages

The Berber languages, also known as Berber or the Amazigh languages (Berber name: Tamaziɣt, Tamazight; Neo-Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ, Tuareg Tifinagh: ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵜ, ⵝⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵗⵝ), are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family.

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Berkeley Software Distribution

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) was a Unix operating system derivative developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) of the University of California, Berkeley, from 1977 to 1995.

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Bhutan

Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Bit-paired keyboard

A bit-paired keyboard is a keyboard where the layout of shifted keys corresponds to columns in the ASCII (1963) table, archetypally the Teletype Model 33 (1963) keyboard.

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Blickensderfer typewriter

The Blickensderfer Typewriter was invented by George Canfield Blickensderfer (1850–1917) and patented on August 4, 1891.

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Bopomofo

Zhuyin fuhao, Zhuyin, Bopomofo (ㄅㄆㄇㄈ) or Mandarin Phonetic Symbols is the major Chinese transliteration system for Taiwanese Mandarin.

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Brahmi script

Brahmi (IAST) is the modern name given to one of the oldest writing systems used in Ancient India and present South and Central Asia from the 1st millennium BCE.

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Break key

The Break key of a computer keyboard refers to breaking a telegraph circuit and originated with 19th century practice.

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British and American keyboards

There are two major English language computer keyboard layouts, the United States layout and the United Kingdom layout defined in BS 4822 (48-key version).

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Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (abbreviated BAS, in Bulgarian: Българска академия на науките, Balgarska akademiya na naukite, abbreviated БАН) is the National Academy of Bulgaria, established in 1869.

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Bulgarian alphabet

The Bulgarian alphabet is used to write the Bulgarian language.

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Bulgarian language

No description.

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C

C is the third letter in the English alphabet and a letter of the alphabets of many other writing systems which inherited it from the Latin alphabet.

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Canadian Aboriginal syllabics

Canadian Aboriginal syllabic writing, or simply syllabics, is a family of abugidas (writing systems based on consonant-vowel pairs) used to write a number of indigenous Canadian languages of the Algonquian, Inuit, and (formerly) Athabaskan language families.

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Cangjie input method

The Cangjie input method (Tsang-chieh input method, sometimes also Changjie, Cang Jie, or Changjei) is a system by which Chinese characters may be entered into a computer using a standard keyboard.

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Caps lock

Caps Lock is a button on a computer keyboard that, when pressed, causes all letters to be generated in capitals until deactivated.

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Character encoding

Character encoding is used to represent a repertoire of characters by some kind of encoding system.

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Cherokee language

Cherokee (ᏣᎳᎩ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ, Tsalagi Gawonihisdi) is an endangered Iroquoian language and the native language of the Cherokee people.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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Chinese input methods for computers

Chinese input methods are methods that allow a computer user to input Chinese characters.

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Chinese language

Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.

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Chorded keyboard

A keyset or chorded keyboard (also called a chorded keyset, chord keyboard or chording keyboard) is a computer input device that allows the user to enter characters or commands formed by pressing several keys together, like playing a "chord" on a piano.

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Christopher Latham Sholes

Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 – February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who invented the QWERTY keyboard, and along with Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and John Pratt, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States.

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Chrome OS

Chrome OS is an operating system designed by Google that is based on the Linux kernel and uses the Google Chrome web browser as its principal user interface.

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CJK characters

In internationalization, CJK is a collective term for the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages, all of which include Chinese characters and derivatives (collectively, CJK characters) in their writing systems.

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Command key

The Command key (⌘), also historically known as the Apple key, clover key, open-Apple key, splat key, pretzel key, or propeller key, is a modifier key present on Apple keyboards.

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Computer keyboard

In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.

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Computer mouse

A computer mouse is a hand-held pointing device that detects two-dimensional motion relative to a surface.

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Consonant

In articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract.

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Control key

In computing, a Control key is a modifier key which, when pressed in conjunction with another key, performs a special operation (for example, C); similar to the Shift key, the Control key rarely performs any function when pressed by itself.

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Copyright symbol

The copyright symbol, or copyright sign, © (a circled capital letter C for copyright), is the symbol used in copyright notices for works other than sound recordings (which are indicated with the ℗ symbol).

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Cursor (user interface)

In computer user interfaces, a cursor is an indicator used to show the current position for user interaction on a computer monitor or other display device that will respond to input from a text input or pointing device.

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Cyrillic script

The Cyrillic script is a writing system used for various alphabets across Eurasia (particularity in Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, and North Asia).

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DataHand

The DataHand keyboard was introduced in 1995 by DataHand Systems, Inc. It was invented by Dale J. Retter and was produced by Industrial Innovations as early as 1992.

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Dayi method

Dayi (literally "big easy") uses a set of 46 character components laid out on a standard QWERTY keyboard.

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Dead key

A dead key is a special kind of a modifier key on a mechanical typewriter, or computer keyboard, that is typically used to attach a specific diacritic to a base letter.

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Devanagari

Devanagari (देवनागरी,, a compound of "''deva''" देव and "''nāgarī''" नागरी; Hindi pronunciation), also called Nagari (Nāgarī, नागरी),Kathleen Kuiper (2010), The Culture of India, New York: The Rosen Publishing Group,, page 83 is an abugida (alphasyllabary) used in India and Nepal.

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Diacritic

A diacritic – also diacritical mark, diacritical point, diacritical sign, or an accent – is a glyph added to a letter, or basic glyph.

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Digraphia

In sociolinguistics, digraphia refers to the use of more than one writing system for the same language.

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Dimiter Skordev

Dimiter Skordev (Димитър Скордев) (born 1936 in Sofia) is a professor in the Department of Mathematical Logic and Applications, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science at the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia.

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Disability

A disability is an impairment that may be cognitive, developmental, intellectual, mental, physical, sensory, or some combination of these.

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Dje

Dje (Ђ ђ; italics: Ђ ђ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Dvorak Simplified Keyboard

The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard is a keyboard layout patented during 1936 by Dr.

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Dze

Dze (Ѕ ѕ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used in the Macedonian language to represent the voiced alveolar affricate, pronounced like ⟨ds⟩ in "pods".

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Dzhe

Dzhe or Gea (Џ џ; italics: Џ џ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script used in Macedonian and varieties of Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Montenegrin, and Serbian) to represent the voiced retroflex affricate, something like the pronunciation of in “jump”.

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Dzongkha

Dzongkha, or Bhutanese (རྫོང་ཁ་), is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by over half a million people in Bhutan; it is the sole official and national language of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

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Dzongkha keyboard layout

The Dzongkha keyboard layout scheme is designed as a simple means for inputting Dzongkha (རྫོང་ཁ) and classical Tibetan (ཆོས་སྐད) text on computers.

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E (Cyrillic)

E (Э э; italics:; also known as backwards e, from Russian э оборо́тное, e oborótnoye) is a letter found in two Slavic languages: Russian and Belarusian.

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Eastern Nagari script

Eastern Nagari script, Assamese script, Bengali script, Assamese-Bengali script or Purbi script is the basis of the Assamese alphabet and the Bengali alphabet.

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Emoji

are ideograms and smileys used in electronic messages and web pages.

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En (Cyrillic)

En (Н н; italics: Н н) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Equals sign

The equals sign or equality sign is a mathematical symbol used to indicate equality.

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Ergonomic keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems.

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ES PEVM

ES PEVM (ЕС ПЭВМ) was a Soviet clone of the IBM PC in 1980s.

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Esc key

On computer keyboards, the Esc key (named Escape key in the international standard series ISO/IEC 9995) is a key used to generate the escape character (which can be represented as ASCII code 27 in decimal, Unicode U+001B, or.

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Esperanto

Esperanto (or; Esperanto) is a constructed international auxiliary language.

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FITALY

FITALY is a keyboard layout specifically optimized for stylus or touch-based input.

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Flight simulator

A flight simulator is a device that artificially re-creates aircraft flight and the environment in which it flies, for pilot training, design, or other purposes.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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Function key

A function key is a key on a computer or terminal keyboard which can be programmed so as to cause an operating system command interpreter or application program to perform certain actions, a form of soft key.

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Georgia (country)

Georgia (tr) is a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia.

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Georgian scripts

The Georgian scripts are the three writing systems used to write the Georgian language: Asomtavruli, Nuskhuri and Mkhedruli.

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German language

German (Deutsch) is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe.

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Ghe with upturn

Ghe with upturn (Ґ ґ; italics: Ґ ґ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Gje

Gje (Ѓ ѓ; italics: Ѓ ѓ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Google

Google LLC is an American multinational technology company that specializes in Internet-related services and products, which include online advertising technologies, search engine, cloud computing, software, and hardware.

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Grave accent

The grave accent (`) is a diacritical mark in many written languages, including Breton, Catalan, Corsican, Dutch, Emilian-Romagnol, French, West Frisian, Greek (until 1982; see polytonic orthography), Haitian Creole, Italian, Mohawk, Occitan, Portuguese, Ligurian, Scottish Gaelic, Vietnamese, Welsh, Romansh, and Yoruba.

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Greek diacritics

Greek orthography has used a variety of diacritics starting in the Hellenistic period.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Gujarati alphabet

The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ Gujǎrātī Lipi) is an abugida, like all Nagari writing systems, and is used to write the Gujarati and Kutchi languages.

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Gurmukhi script

Gurmukhi (Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru's mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is a Sikh script modified, standardized and used by the second Sikh Guru, Guru Angad (1563–1606).

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Half-keyboard

A half-keyboard is a specially designed and programmed keyboard used in limited space situations or when the typist needs a hand free to answer the phone, hold documents, etc.

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Handwriting recognition

Handwriting recognition (HWR) is the ability of a computer to receive and interpret intelligible handwritten input from sources such as paper documents, photographs, touch-screens and other devices.

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Hangul

The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul (from Korean hangeul 한글), has been used to write the Korean language since its creation in the 15th century by Sejong the Great.

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Hangul consonant and vowel tables

The following tables of consonants and vowels of the Korean alphabet (jamo) display the basic forms in blue in the first row, and their derivatives in the following rows.

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Hanja

Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters.

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Hebrew language

No description.

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Hepburn romanization

is a system for the romanization of Japanese, that uses the Latin alphabet to write the Japanese language.

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Heuristic

A heuristic technique (εὑρίσκω, "find" or "discover"), often called simply a heuristic, is any approach to problem solving, learning, or discovery that employs a practical method, not guaranteed to be optimal, perfect, logical, or rational, but instead sufficient for reaching an immediate goal.

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Hiragana

is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system, along with katakana, kanji, and in some cases rōmaji (Latin script).

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Home computer

Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming common during the 1980s.

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Hong Kong

Hong Kong (Chinese: 香港), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory of China on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia.

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Human factors and ergonomics

Human factors and ergonomics (commonly referred to as Human Factors), is the application of psychological and physiological principles to the (engineering and) design of products, processes, and systems.

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Hyphen-minus

The hyphen-minus (-) is a character used in digital documents and computing to represent a hyphen (‐) or a minus sign (−).

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IBM PC compatible

IBM PC compatible computers are computers similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT, able to use the same software and expansion cards.

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IBM PC keyboard

The keyboard for IBM PC-compatible computers is standardized.

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IBM Personal Computer

The IBM Personal Computer, commonly known as the IBM PC, is the original version and progenitor of the IBM PC compatible hardware platform.

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IBM Selectric typewriter

The IBM Selectric typewriter was a highly successful model line of electric typewriters introduced by IBM on 31 July 1961.

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Ideogram

An ideogram or ideograph (from Greek ἰδέα idéa "idea" and γράφω gráphō "to write") is a graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept, independent of any particular language, and specific words or phrases.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Input method

An input method (or input method editor, commonly abbreviated IME) is an operating system component or program that allows any data, such as keyboard strokes or mouse movements, to be received as input.

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InScript keyboard

InScript (short for Indian Script) is the decreed standard keyboard layout for Indian scripts using a standard 104- or 105-key layout.

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International Committee for Information Technology Standards

The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers.

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International Phonetic Alphabet

The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet.

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Inuktitut

Inuktitut (syllabics ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ; from inuk, "person" + -titut, "like", "in the manner of"), also Eastern Canadian Inuktitut, is one of the principal Inuit languages of Canada.

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IPad

iPad is a line of tablet computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc., which run the iOS mobile operating system.

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IPhone

iPhone is a line of smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone line of products use Apple's iOS mobile operating system software.

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IPod Touch

The iPod Touch (stylized and marketed as iPod touch) is an iOS-based all-purpose mobile device designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a touchscreen-controlled user interface.

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ISO/IEC 9995

ISO/IEC 9995 Information technology — Keyboard layouts for text and office systems is an ISO standard series defining layout principles for computer keyboards.

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Japanese Industrial Standards

specifies the standards used for industrial activities in Japan.

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Japanese input methods

Japanese input methods are the methods used to input Japanese characters on a computer.

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Japanese language

is an East Asian language spoken by about 128 million people, primarily in Japan, where it is the national language.

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Japanese language and computers

In relation to the Japanese language and computers many adaptation issues arise, some unique to Japanese and others common to languages which have a very large number of characters.

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Je (Cyrillic)

Je (Ј ј; italics: Ј ј) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, taken over from the Latin letter J.Maretić, Tomislav.

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Kana

are syllabic Japanese scripts, a part of the Japanese writing system contrasted with the logographic Chinese characters known in Japan as kanji (漢字).

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Kanji

Kanji (漢字) are the adopted logographic Chinese characters that are used in the Japanese writing system.

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Kannada alphabet

The Kannada Script (IAST: Kannaḍa lipi) is an abugida of the Brahmic family, used primarily to write the Kannada language, one of the Dravidian languages of South India especially in the state of Karnataka, Kannada script is widely used for writing Sanskrit texts in Karnataka.

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Katakana

is a Japanese syllabary, one component of the Japanese writing system along with hiragana, kanji, and in some cases the Latin script (known as rōmaji).

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Key Tronic

Key Tronic is a contract manufacturer.

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Keyboard layout

A keyboard layout is any specific mechanical, visual, or functional arrangement of the keys, legends, or key-meaning associations (respectively) of a computer, typewriter, or other typographic keyboard.

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Keyboard shortcut

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a series of one or several keys, such as Ctrl+F to search a character string.

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Kha (Cyrillic)

Kha or Ha (Х х; italics: Х х) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Khmer language

Khmer or Cambodian (natively ភាសាខ្មែរ phiəsaa khmae, or more formally ខេមរភាសា kheemaʾraʾ phiəsaa) is the language of the Khmer people and the official language of Cambodia.

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Kinesis (keyboard)

The Kinesis line of ergonomic computer keyboards is an alternative to the traditional keyboard design.

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Kje

Kje (Ќ ќ; italics: Ќ ќ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used only in the Macedonian alphabet, where it represents the voiceless palatal plosive, or the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate.

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Korean language

The Korean language (Chosŏn'gŭl/Hangul: 조선말/한국어; Hanja: 朝鮮말/韓國語) is an East Asian language spoken by about 80 million people.

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Kunrei-shiki romanization

is a Cabinet-ordered romanization system to transcribe the Japanese language into the Latin alphabet.

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Language code

A language code is a code that assigns letters or numbers as identifiers or classifiers for languages.

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Language input keys

Language input keys, which are usually found on Japanese and Korean keyboards, are keys designed to translate letters using an input method editor.

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LaTeX

LaTeX (or; a shortening of Lamport TeX) is a document preparation system.

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Latin script

Latin or Roman script is a set of graphic signs (script) based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, which is derived from a form of the Cumaean Greek version of the Greek alphabet, used by the Etruscans.

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Latin-script alphabet

A Latin-script alphabet (Latin alphabet or Roman alphabet) is an alphabet that uses letters of the Latin script.

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Latvian language

Latvian (latviešu valoda) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region.

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Letter (alphabet)

A letter is a grapheme (written character) in an alphabetic system of writing.

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Letter case

Letter case (or just case) is the distinction between the letters that are in larger upper case (also uppercase, capital letters, capitals, caps, large letters, or more formally majuscule) and smaller lower case (also lowercase, small letters, or more formally minuscule) in the written representation of certain languages.

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Lexicographical order

In mathematics, the lexicographic or lexicographical order (also known as lexical order, dictionary order, alphabetical order or lexicographic(al) product) is a generalization of the way words are alphabetically ordered based on the alphabetical order of their component letters.

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Linux

Linux is a family of free and open-source software operating systems built around the Linux kernel.

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Linux distribution

A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system made from a software collection, which is based upon the Linux kernel and, often, a package management system.

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Lisp machine

Lisp machines are general-purpose computers designed to efficiently run Lisp as their main software and programming language, usually via hardware support.

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Lithuanian language

Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba) is a Baltic language spoken in the Baltic region.

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Lje

Lje (Љ љ; italics: Љ љ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Macintosh operating systems

The family of Macintosh operating systems developed by Apple Inc. includes the graphical user interface-based operating systems it has designed for use with its Macintosh series of personal computers since 1984, as well as the related system software it once created for compatible third-party systems.

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MacOS

macOS (previously and later) is a series of graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001.

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Macron (diacritic)

A macron is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar placed above a letter, usually a vowel.

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Mainland China

Mainland China, also known as the Chinese mainland, is the geopolitical as well as geographical area under the direct jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Malayalam script

Malayalam script (/ Malayalam: മലയാളലിപി) is a Brahmic script used commonly to write the Malayalam language, which is the principal language of Kerala, India, spoken by 35 million people in the world.

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Maltron

PCD Maltron Ltd., d.b.a. Maltron, is a manufacturer of ergonomic special-needs keyboards, founded by South African-born inventor Lillian Malt, the namesake of the company, and manufacturer Stephen Hobday.

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MeeGo

MeeGo is a discontinued Linux distribution hosted by the Linux Foundation, using source code from the operating systems Moblin (produced by Intel) and Maemo (produced by Nokia).

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Menu key

In computing, the menu key or application key is a key found on Microsoft Windows-oriented computer keyboards, introduced at the same time as the Windows logo key.

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MessagEase

MessagEase is an input method and virtual keyboard for touchscreen devices.

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Metropolis–Hastings algorithm

In statistics and in statistical physics, the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for obtaining a sequence of random samples from a probability distribution for which direct sampling is difficult.

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Microsoft

Microsoft Corporation (abbreviated as MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond, Washington.

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is a group of several graphical operating system families, all of which are developed, marketed, and sold by Microsoft.

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Mobile phone

A mobile phone, known as a cell phone in North America, is a portable telephone that can make and receive calls over a radio frequency link while the user is moving within a telephone service area.

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Model M keyboard

Model M is a designation for a group of computer keyboards manufactured by IBM starting in 1984, and later by Lexmark, Unicomp and MaxiSwitch.

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Mouse button

A mouse button is a microswitch on a computer mouse which can be pressed (“clicked”) to select or interact with an element of a graphical user interface.

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MSX

MSX is a standardized home computer architecture, first announced by Microsoft on June 16, 1983, and marketed by Kazuhiko Nishi, then Vice-president at Microsoft Japan and Director at ASCII Corporation.

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Musical keyboard

A musical keyboard is the set of adjacent depressible levers or keys on a musical instrument.

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Network effect

A network effect (also called network externality or demand-side economies of scale) is the positive effect described in economics and business that an additional user of a good or service has on the value of that product to others.

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Nje

Nje (Њ њ; italics: Њ њ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Numeric keypad

A numeric keypad, number pad, numpad, or ten key, is the palm-sized, 17-key section of a standard computer keyboard, usually on the far right.

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Numerical digit

A numerical digit is a single symbol (such as "2" or "5") used alone, or in combinations (such as "25"), to represent numbers (such as the number 25) according to some positional numeral systems.

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O (Cyrillic)

O (О о; italics: О о) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Odia alphabet

The Odia script (ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଲେଖନୀ ଶୈଳୀ), also known as the Odia script, is a Brahmic script used to write the Odia language.

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OLPC XO

The OLPC XO, previously known as the $100 Laptop, Children's Machine, and 2B1, is an inexpensive laptop computer intended to be distributed to children in developing countries around the world, to provide them with access to knowledge, and opportunities to "explore, experiment and express themselves" (constructionist learning).

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OpenSolaris

OpenSolaris is a discontinued, open source computer operating system based on Solaris created by Sun Microsystems.

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Operating system

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

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Option key

The Option key is a modifier key (ALT) present on Apple keyboards.

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PDF

The Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format developed in the 1990s to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.

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Phonetic keyboard layout

A phonetic keyboard layout is a setup in which the letters of a language correspond to the keys in the keyboard layout for another language and assumes a one-to-one correspondence between letters in the languages that is based on their sound.

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Phonetic transcription

Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones).

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Pinyin

Hanyu Pinyin Romanization, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan.

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PLATO (computer system)

PLATO (Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations) was the first generalized computer-assisted instruction system.

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PLUM keyboard

The PLUM keyboard is a computer keyboard which varies from the traditional QWERTY keyboard in both physical key layout and letter arrangement.

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Plus and minus signs

The plus and minus signs (+ and −) are mathematical symbols used to represent the notions of positive and negative as well as the operations of addition and subtraction.

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Portable application

A portable application (portable app), sometimes also called standalone, is a program designed to read and write its configuration settings into an accessible folder in the computer, usually the folder where the portable application can be found.

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Printing telegraph

The printing telegraph was invented by Royal Earl House in 1846.

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Punctuation

Punctuation (formerly sometimes called pointing) is the use of spacing, conventional signs, and certain typographical devices as aids to the understanding and correct reading of handwritten and printed text, whether read silently or aloud.

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Q

Q (named cue) is the 17th letter of the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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QWERTY

QWERTY is a keyboard design for Latin-script alphabets.

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Radical (Chinese characters)

A Chinese radical is a graphical component of a Chinese character under which the character is traditionally listed in a Chinese dictionary.

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Roman numerals

The numeric system represented by Roman numerals originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Romanization of Japanese

The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language.

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Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture

The Royal Institute of the Amazigh Culture Asinag Ageldan n Tussna Tamazight (SGSM); al-Ma‘had al-Malikī lith-Thaqāfah al-Amāzīghīyah) is an academic institute of the Moroccan government in charge with the development and the promotion of the Berber languages and culture and of the development of Berber language courses for Morocco's public schools. The institute is located in the Moroccan capital of Rabat. It was officially founded on October 17, 2001 under a royal decree of King Mohammed VI (Dahir (royal decree) number 1-01-299). The institute has legal and financial independence from the executive branch of government, but its recommendations about the education of the Berber languages in Moroccan public schools are not legally binding to the government.

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Russian language

Russian (rússkiy yazýk) is an East Slavic language, which is official in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, as well as being widely spoken throughout Eastern Europe, the Baltic states, the Caucasus and Central Asia.

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S

S (named ess, plural esses) is the 19th letter in the Modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Sami languages

Sami languages is a group of Uralic languages spoken by the Sami people in Northern Europe (in parts of northern Finland, Norway, Sweden and extreme northwestern Russia).

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Scancode

A scancode (or scan code) is the data that most computer keyboards send to a computer to report which keys have been pressed.

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Semicolon

The semicolon or semi colon is a punctuation mark that separates major sentence elements.

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Serbian Cyrillic alphabet

The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (српска ћирилица/srpska ćirilica, pronounced) is an adaptation of the Cyrillic script for the Serbian language, developed in 1818 by Serbian linguist Vuk Karadžić.

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Shift key

The shift key is a modifier key on a keyboard, used to type capital letters and other alternate "upper" characters.

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Sholes and Glidden typewriter

The Sholes and Glidden typewriter (also known as the Remington No. 1) was the first commercially successful typewriter.

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Sigma

Sigma (upper-case Σ, lower-case σ, lower-case in word-final position ς; σίγμα) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet.

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SIL International

SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics) is a U.S.-based, worldwide, Christian non-profit organization, whose main purpose is to study, develop and document languages, especially those that are lesser-known, in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy, translate the Christian Bible into local languages, and aid minority language development.

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Sinhalese alphabet

The Sinhalese alphabet (Sinhalese: සිංහල අක්ෂර මාලාව) (Siṁhala Akṣara Mālāva) is an alphabet used by the Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka and elsewhere to write the Sinhalese language and also the liturgical languages Pali and Sanskrit.

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Sinhalese language

Sinhalese, known natively as Sinhala (සිංහල; siṁhala), is the native language of the Sinhalese people, who make up the largest ethnic group in Sri Lanka, numbering about 16 million.

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Sofia University

The University of Sofia "St.

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Space bar

The '''space bar''' is on the bottom center of the keyboard The space bar, spacebar, blank, or space key, is a key on a typewriter or alphanumeric keyboard in the form of a horizontal bar in the lowermost row, significantly wider than other keys.

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Space-cadet keyboard

The space-cadet keyboard is a keyboard used on MIT Lisp machines and designed by Tom Knight, which inspired several still-current jargon terms in the field of computer science and influenced the design of Emacs.

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Spanish language

Spanish or Castilian, is a Western Romance language that originated in the Castile region of Spain and today has hundreds of millions of native speakers in Latin America and Spain.

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Standard Tibetan

Standard Tibetan is the most widely spoken form of the Tibetic languages.

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Standardization Administration of China

The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China (SAC) is the standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of standardization work in China.

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Stenotype

A stenotype, stenotype machine, shorthand machine or steno writer is a specialized chorded keyboard or typewriter used by stenographers for shorthand use.

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Stroke (CJKV character)

CJKV strokes are the calligraphic strokes needed to write the Chinese characters in regular script used in East Asia.

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Switching barriers

Switching barriers or switching costs are terms used in microeconomics, strategic management, and marketing to describe any impediment to a customer's changing of suppliers (customer switching).

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Syllabary

A syllabary is a set of written symbols that represent the syllables or (more frequently) moras which make up words.

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T

T (named tee) is the 20th letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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T with stroke

Ŧ/ŧ (T with a bar, T with a stroke sign) is the 25th letter in the Northern Sámi alphabet, where it represents the voiceless dental fricative.

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Tablet computer

A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a portable personal computer, typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single thin, flat package.

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Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.

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Tamil script

The Tamil script (தமிழ் அரிச்சுவடி) is an abugida script that is used by Tamils and Tamil speakers in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Singapore and elsewhere to write the Tamil language, as well as to write the liturgical language Sanskrit, using consonants and diacritics not represented in the Tamil alphabet.

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Te (Cyrillic)

Te (Т т; italics: Т т) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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Technical standards in Hong Kong

As a former British colony and territory, technical standards in Hong Kong of today has been largely influenced by that of the United Kingdom, with some exceptions due to local and practical considerations.

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Telugu script

Telugu script (Telugu lipi), an abugida from the Brahmic family of scripts, is used to write the Telugu language, a Dravidian language spoken in the South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana as well as several other neighbouring states.

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Text Services Framework

The Text Services Framework (TSF) is a COM framework and API in Windows XP and later Windows operating systems that supports advanced text input and text processing.

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Thai language

Thai, Central Thai, or Siamese, is the national and official language of Thailand and the first language of the Central Thai people and vast majority Thai of Chinese origin.

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Thai Pattachote keyboard layout

Pattachote keyboard is a Thai keyboard layout invented by Sarit Pattachote, because Sarit's research suggests that the Kedmanee layout uses the right hand more than the left hand, and the right little finger is used heavily.

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Thumb-shift keyboard

is a keyboard design for inputting Japanese sentences on word processors and computers.

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Tifinagh

Tifinagh (also written Tifinaɣ in the Berber Latin alphabet; Neo-Tifinagh:; Tuareg Tifinagh: or) is an abjad script used to write the Berber languages.

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Touch typing

Touch typing (also called touch type or touch keyboarding) is typing without using the sense of sight to find the keys.

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Transliteration

Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one script to another that involves swapping letters (thus trans- + liter-) in predictable ways (such as α → a, д → d, χ → ch, ն → n or æ → e).

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Tshe

Tshe (Ћ ћ; italics: Ћ ћ) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, used only in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, where it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate, somewhat like the pronunciation of in "chew"; however, it must not be confused with the voiceless retroflex affricate Che (Ч ч), which sounds and which also exists in Serbian Cyrillic script.

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Turkish alphabet

The Turkish alphabet (Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ş, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.

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Turkish language

Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).

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Turkish Language Association

The Turkish Language Institution (Türk Dil Kurumu, TDK) is the official regulatory body of the Turkish language, founded on July 12, 1932 by the initiative of Atatürk and headquartered in Ankara, Turkey.

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Turkmen language

Turkmen (Türkmençe, türkmen dili; Түркменче, түркмен дили; تۆرکمن دﻴﻠی,تۆرکمنچه) is an official language of Turkmenistan.

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Typewriter

A typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printer's movable type.

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Typographic ligature

In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more graphemes or letters are joined as a single glyph.

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Typography

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable, and appealing when displayed.

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Ubuntu (operating system)

Ubuntu (stylized as ubuntu) is a free and open source operating system and Linux distribution based on Debian.

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Ukrainian language

No description.

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Unicode

Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems.

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Unix

Unix (trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multiuser computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, development starting in the 1970s at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.

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Unix-like

A Unix-like (sometimes referred to as UN*X or *nix) operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification.

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Urdu keyboard

The Urdu keyboard is any keyboard layout for Urdu computer and typewriter keyboards.

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URL

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

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V

V (named vee) is the 22nd letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Velotype

Velotype is the old trademark for a type of keyboard for typing text known as a syllabic chord keyboard, an invention of the Dutchmen Nico Berkelmans and Marius den Outer.

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Vietnamese language

Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) is an Austroasiatic language that originated in Vietnam, where it is the national and official language.

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Vowel

A vowel is one of the two principal classes of speech sound, the other being a consonant.

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W

W (named double-u,Pronounced plural double-ues) is the 23rd letter of the modern English and ISO basic Latin alphabets.

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Windows 7

Windows 7 (codenamed Vienna, formerly Blackcomb) is a personal computer operating system developed by Microsoft.

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Windows key

The Windows logo key (also known as Windows key, start key, logo key, flag key, super key, command key or flag) is a keyboard key which was originally introduced on the Microsoft Natural keyboard in 1994.

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Windows Phone

Windows Phone (WP) is a family of discontinued mobile operating systems developed by Microsoft for smartphones as the replacement successor to Windows Mobile and Zune.

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Windows Vista

Windows Vista (codenamed Longhorn) is an operating system by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and media center PCs.

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Workstation

A workstation is a special computer designed for technical or scientific applications.

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Wubi method

The Wubizixing input method, often abbreviated to simply Wubi or Wubi Xing, is a Chinese character input method primarily for inputting simplified Chinese and traditional Chinese text on a computer.

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X

X (named ex, plural exes) is the 24th and antepenultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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X Window System

The X Window System (X11, or shortened to simply X) is a windowing system for bitmap displays, common on UNIX-like computer operating systems.

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Y

Y (named wye, plural wyes) is the 25th and penultimate letter in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.

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Ya (Cyrillic)

Ya (Я я; italics: Я я) is a letter of the Cyrillic script, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus.

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Yen sign

The yen sign (¥) or the yuan sign (¥/元) is a currency sign used by the Chinese yuan (CNY) and the Japanese yen (JPY) currencies.

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Zhe (Cyrillic)

Zhe (Ж ж; italics: Ж ж) is a letter of the Cyrillic script.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout

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