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161 relations: Adam Kisiel, Aleksander Koniecpolski (1620–1659), Arendator, Autonomy, İslâm III Giray, Batih massacre, Battle of Batih, Battle of Berestechko, Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651), Battle of Korsuń, Battle of Pyliavtsi, Battle of Zboriv (1649), Battle of Zhovti Vody, Belarus, Bila Tserkva, Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, Brody, Catholic Church, CBS News, Chaim Bermant, Chełm, Christmas, Chyhyryn, Colonel, Columbia Encyclopedia, Constantinople, Cossack Hetmanate, Cossack Rada, Cossacks, Counter-Reformation, Crimea, Crimean Khanate, Crimean Tatars, Crown of the Kingdom of Poland, Culture of Poland, Daniel Czapliński, Deluge (history), Eastern Orthodox Church, Ecclesiology, Edward Flannery, Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Encyklopedia Internautica, Fall of Constantinople, Feodosia, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Grand Duchy of Moscow, Great Northern War, Halych, ..., Hannah Vogt, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herman Rosenthal, Hetman, Historical demography, Historiography, History of Christianity in Ukraine, History of Poland, History of Ruthenians, Internetowa encyklopedia PWN, Isaac Luria, Ivan Bohun, Ivan Mazepa, Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski, Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Jewish Encyclopedia, Jewish history, Jews, John II Casimir Vasa, Kiev, Kievan Rus', Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, Kuban, Left-bank Ukraine, List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, Magnate, Maksym Kryvonis, Marcin Kalinowski, Martin Gilbert, Massacre, Max Dimont, Mikołaj Potocki, Missionary, Moldavian Magnate Wars, Moldova, Mykhailo Krychevsky, Nathan ben Moses Hannover, Nobility, Orest Subtelny, Ottoman Empire, Panegyric, Paramilitary, Partitions of Poland, Paul Robert Magocsi, Peasant, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, Pereyaslav Council, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Podolia, Poland, Polish Golden Age, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Polish–Lithuanian union, Polkovnik, Pope, Prince, Rebellion, Registered Cossacks, Richard L. Rubenstein, Russia, Russian Empire, Russian Orthodox Church, Russo-Polish War (1654–1667), Ruthenia, Ruthenians, Rzeczpospolita, Sabbatai Zevi, Second Northern War, Sejm, Shaul Stampfer, Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia, Sich, Siege of Zbarazh, Simon Dubnow, Slave raiding, Slavery in the Ottoman Empire, Society of Jesus, Stanisław Koniecpolski, Stanisław Lanckoroński (hetman), Starosta, Stefan Czarniecki, Stefan Potocki (1624–1648), Subotiv, Sweden, Szlachta, The Battle for God, The Ruin (Ukrainian history), The Trilogy, Treaty of Bila Tserkva, Treaty of Hadiach, Treaty of Radnot, Treaty of Zboriv, Truce of Vilna, Tsar, Tsardom of Russia, Tugay Bey, Ukraine, Ukraine: A History, Union of Brest, Union of Lublin, Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire, Vilnius, Warsaw, Władysław IV Vasa, With Fire and Sword, With Fire and Sword (film), YIVO, Yurii Khmelnytsky, Zamość, Zaporizhian Sich, Zaporozhian Cossacks. Expand index (111 more) »
Adam Kisiel
Adam Kisiel, also Adam Kysil (Adam Kisiel; 1580 or 1600-1653) was a Polish nobleman, the Voivode of Kiev (1649-1653) and castellan or voivode of Czernihów (1639-1646).
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Aleksander Koniecpolski (1620–1659)
Prince Aleksander Koniecpolski (1620–1659) was a Polish nobleman.
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Arendator
In the history of the Russian Empire, and Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, arendator (literally "lease holder") was a person who leased fixed assets, such as land, mills, inns, breweries, distilleries, or of special rights, such as the right to collect customs duties, etc.
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Autonomy
In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.
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İslâm III Giray
İslâm III Giray, Islam Khan Girai (1604–10 July 1654) — a khan of the Crimean Khanate in 1644–1654.
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Batih massacre
The Batih (Batoh) massacre (Polish: Rzeź polskich jeńców pod Batohem) was a mass execution of Polish captives after the Battle of Batih on near Ladyzhyn (now in Ukraine).
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Battle of Batih
The Battle of Batih (Batoh) was a battle in 1652 in which Polish-Lithuanian forces under hetman Marcin Kalinowski were defeated by a united army of Crimean Tatars and Zaporozhian Cossacks.
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Battle of Berestechko
The Battle of Berestechko (Bitwa pod Beresteczkiem; Берестецька битва, Битва під Берестечком) was fought between the Ukrainian Cossacks, led by Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, aided by their Crimean Tatar allies, and a Polish army under King John II Casimir.
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Battle of Bila Tserkva (1651)
The Battle of Bila Tserkva was fought on 24–25 September 1651 near the city of Bila Tserkva as part of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
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Battle of Korsuń
Battle of Korsuń (Корсунь, Korsuń), (May 26, 1648) was the second significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
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Battle of Pyliavtsi
Battle of Pyliavtsi (Пилявцi; Piławce); September 23, 1648) was the third significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising. Near the site of the present-day village of Pyliava, which at that time belonged to the Kingdom of Poland, and now lies in central-western Ukraine, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth forces met a numerically superior force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars under the command of Bohdan Khmelnytsky and Tugay Bey. The Commonwealth forces were dealt a third consecutive defeat.
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Battle of Zboriv (1649)
The Battle of Zboriv (Bitwa pod Zborowem, Зборівська битва), during the Khmelnytsky Uprising, was fought near the vicinity of Zborów (village of Mlynivtsi, Ukraine) on the Strypa River, and near the Siege of Zbarazh.
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Battle of Zhovti Vody
Battle of Zhovti Vody (Жовтi Води, Żółte Wody - literally "yellow waters": April 29 to May 16, 1648.Last accessed on 23 December 2006.) was the first significant battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
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Belarus
Belarus (Беларусь, Biełaruś,; Беларусь, Belarus'), officially the Republic of Belarus (Рэспубліка Беларусь; Республика Беларусь), formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia (Белоруссия, Byelorussiya), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest.
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Bila Tserkva
Bila Tserkva (Бі́ла Це́рква; Biała Cerkiew; Belaya Tserkov; literally 'White Church') is a city in central Ukraine, the largest city in Kiev Oblast.
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Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Zynoviy Bohdan Khmelnytsky (Ruthenian language: Ѕѣнові Богдан Хмелнiцкiи; modern Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky; Bohdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; 6 August 1657) was a Polish–Lithuanian-born Hetman of the Zaporozhian Host of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (now part of Ukraine).
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Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary
The Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (Russian: Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона, abbr. ЭСБЕ; 35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is a comprehensive multi-volume encyclopedia in Russian.
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Brody
Brody (Броди; Brody; Brody; Brody; Brody) is a city in Lviv Oblast (region) of western Ukraine.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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CBS News
CBS News is the news division of American television and radio service CBS.
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Chaim Bermant
Chaim Icyk Bermant (26 February 192920 January 1998) was a prominent Anglo-Jewish journalist, author and wit.
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Chełm
Chełm (Kulm, Холм) is a city in eastern Poland with 63,949 inhabitants (2015).
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Christmas
Christmas is an annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ,Martindale, Cyril Charles.
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Chyhyryn
Chyhyryn (Чигири́н) is a city and important historic site located in the Cherkasy Oblast of central Ukraine.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Columbia Encyclopedia
The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and in the last edition, sold by the Gale Group.
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Constantinople
Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis; Constantinopolis) was the capital city of the Roman/Byzantine Empire (330–1204 and 1261–1453), and also of the brief Latin (1204–1261), and the later Ottoman (1453–1923) empires.
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Cossack Hetmanate
The Cossack Hetmanate (Гетьманщина), officially known as Zaporizhian Host (Військо Запорозьке), was a Cossack state in Central Ukraine between 1649 and 1764 (some sources claim until 1782).
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Cossack Rada
Cossack Rada (Kozats'ka Rada) or General Military Council was a general Cossack assembly (council) often military in nature.
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Cossacks
Cossacks (козаки́, translit, kozaky, казакi, kozacy, Czecho-Slovak: kozáci, kozákok Pronunciations.
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Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, also called the Catholic Reformation or the Catholic Revival, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation, beginning with the Council of Trent (1545–1563) and ending at the close of the Thirty Years' War (1648).
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Crimea
Crimea (Крым, Крим, Krym; Krym; translit;; translit) is a peninsula on the northern coast of the Black Sea in Eastern Europe that is almost completely surrounded by both the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov to the northeast.
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Crimean Khanate
The Crimean Khanate (Mongolian: Крымын ханлиг; Crimean Tatar / Ottoman Turkish: Къырым Ханлыгъы, Qırım Hanlığı, rtl or Къырым Юрту, Qırım Yurtu, rtl; Крымское ханство, Krymskoje hanstvo; Кримське ханство, Krymśke chanstvo; Chanat Krymski) was a Turkic vassal state of the Ottoman Empire from 1478 to 1774, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.
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Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans (Crimean Tatar: Qırımtatarlar, qırımlar, Kırım Tatarları, Крымские Татары, крымцы, Кримськi Татари, кримцi) are a Turkic ethnic group that formed in the Crimean Peninsula during the 13th–17th centuries, primarily from the Turkic tribes that moved to the land now known as Crimea in Eastern Europe from the Asian steppes beginning in the 10th century, with contributions from the pre-Cuman population of Crimea.
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Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
The Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Korona Królestwa Polskiego, Latin: Corona Regni Poloniae), commonly known as the Polish Crown or simply the Crown, is the common name for the historic (but unconsolidated) Late Middle Ages territorial possessions of the King of Poland, including Poland proper.
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Culture of Poland
The culture of Poland is the product of its geography and its distinct historical evolution which is closely connected to its intricate thousand-year history.
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Daniel Czapliński
Daniel Czapliński was a deputy starosta of Chyhyryn and a rotmistrz in the forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Deluge (history)
The term Deluge (pоtор szwedzki, švedų tvanas) denotes a series of mid-17th-century campaigns in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Eastern Orthodox Church
The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.
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Ecclesiology
In Christian theology, ecclesiology is the study of the Christian Church, the origins of Christianity, its relationship to Jesus, its role in salvation, its polity, its discipline, its destiny, and its leadership.
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Edward Flannery
Edward H. Flannery (August 20, 1912 – October 19, 1998) was a priest in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Providence, and the author of The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism, first published in 1965.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Encyclopedia of Ukraine
The Encyclopedia of Ukraine (Енциклопедія українознавства) is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies created under the auspices of the Shevchenko Scientific Society in Europe (Sarcelles, near Paris).
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Encyklopedia Internautica
Encyklopedia Internautica is a Polish Internet encyclopedia based on the Popularna Encyklopedia Powszechna (Popular Universal Encyclopedia) or Pinnex.
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Fall of Constantinople
The Fall of Constantinople (Ἅλωσις τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως, Halōsis tēs Kōnstantinoupoleōs; İstanbul'un Fethi Conquest of Istanbul) was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army on 29 May 1453.
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Feodosia
Feodosia (Феодо́сия, Feodosiya; Феодо́сія, Feodosiia; Crimean Tatar and Turkish: Kefe), also called Theodosia (from), is a port and resort, a town of regional significance in Crimea on the Black Sea coast.
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Grand Duchy of Lithuania
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a European state that lasted from the 13th century up to 1795, when the territory was partitioned among the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia, and Austria.
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Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy or Grand Principality of Moscow (Великое Княжество Московское, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye), also known in English simply as Muscovy from the Moscovia, was a late medieval Russian principality centered on Moscow and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia.
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Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe.
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Halych
Halych (Halyč; Halici; Halicz; Galič; Halytsch) is a historic city on the Dniester River in western Ukraine.
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Hannah Vogt
Hannah Vogt (3 March 1910, Berlin – 13 February 1994, Göttingen) was a German historian who wrote the best-selling book The Burden of Guilt - A short history of German 1914-1945. It was first published in Germany in 1961 and sold 400,000 copies in the first two years.
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Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (האוניברסיטה העברית בירושלים, Ha-Universita ha-Ivrit bi-Yerushalayim; الجامعة العبرية في القدس, Al-Jami'ah al-Ibriyyah fi al-Quds; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second oldest university, established in 1918, 30 years before the establishment of the State of Israel.
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Herman Rosenthal
Herman Rosenthal (October 6, 1843 – 1917) was an American author, editor, and librarian.
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Hetman
reason (translit; hejtman; hatman) is a political title from Central and Eastern Europe, historically assigned to military commanders.
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Historical demography
Historical demography is the quantitative study of human population in the past.
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Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
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History of Christianity in Ukraine
The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the apostolic church and according to Radziwiłł Chronicle Saint Andrew has ascended on hills of the future city of Kiev.
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History of Poland
The history of Poland has its roots in the migrations of Slavs, who established permanent settlements in the Polish lands during the Early Middle Ages.
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History of Ruthenians
History of Ruthenians or Little Russia (Исторія Русовъ, или Малой Россіи: Istoriya Rusov ili Maloy Rossiy) also known as History of the Rus' People is the most prominent historical work in Ukraine, written and originally published in Russian, on the history of the Rus' people (Ruthenians) and their state, Little Russia (Малоросія, in the terminology of the book), from antiquity to 1769.
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Internetowa encyklopedia PWN
Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (Polish for Internet PWN Encyclopedia) is a free online Polish-language encyclopedia published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
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Isaac Luria
Isaac (ben Solomon) Luria Ashkenazi (1534Fine 2003, p. – July 25, 1572) (יִצְחָק בן שלמה לוּרְיָא אשכנזי Yitzhak Ben Sh'lomo Lurya Ashkenazi), commonly known in Jewish religious circles as "Ha'ARI" (meaning "The Lion"), "Ha'ARI Hakadosh" or "ARIZaL", was a foremost rabbi and Jewish mystic in the community of Safed in the Galilee region of Ottoman Syria.
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Ivan Bohun
Ivan Bohun (Іван Богун) (died 1664) was a Ukrainian Cossack colonel.
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Ivan Mazepa
Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа, Jan Mazepa Kołodyński). Retrieved 10 July 2015 served as the Hetman of Zaporizhian Host in 1687–1708.
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Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski
Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski (3 September 1921 – 21 July 2016) was a Polish-born polymath and inventor with 50 patents to his credit.
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Jeremi Wiśniowiecki
Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (Ярема Вишневецький - Yarema Vyshnevetsky; August 17, 1612 – August 20, 1651) nicknamed Hammer on the Cossacks or Iron Hand, was a notable member of the aristocracy of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Prince of Wiśniowiec, Łubnie and Chorol in the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the father of the future King of Poland, Michael I. A notable magnate and military commander with Ruthenian and Moldavian origin, Wiśniowiecki was heir of one of the biggest fortunes of the state and rose to several notable dignities, including the position of voivode of the Ruthenian Voivodship in 1646.
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Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jewish Encyclopedia is an English encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism and the Jews up to the early 20th century.
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Jewish history
Jewish history is the history of the Jews, and their religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures.
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Jews
Jews (יְהוּדִים ISO 259-3, Israeli pronunciation) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and a nation, originating from the Israelites Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites""The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" and Hebrews of the Ancient Near East.
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John II Casimir Vasa
John II Casimir (Jan II Kazimierz Waza; Johann II.; Jonas Kazimieras Vaza; 22 March 1609 – 16 December 1672) was King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania during the era of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Duke of Opole in Upper Silesia, and titular King of Sweden 1648–1660.
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Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv (Kyiv; Kiyev; Kyjev) is the capital and largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper.
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Kievan Rus'
Kievan Rus' (Рѹ́сь, Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia) was a loose federationJohn Channon & Robert Hudson, Penguin Historical Atlas of Russia (Penguin, 1995), p.16.
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Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia
The Kingdom or Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (Old East Slavic: Галицко-Волинскоє князство, Галицько-Волинське князівство, Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae), also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old East Slavic: Королѣвство Русь, Королівство Русі, Regnum Russiae) since 1253, was a state in the regions of Galicia and Volhynia, of present-day western Ukraine, which was formed after the conquest of Galicia by the Prince of Volhynia Roman the Great, with the help of Leszek the White of Poland.
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Kuban
Kuban (Кубань; Пшызэ; Кубань) is a geographic region of Southern Russia surrounding the Kuban River, on the Black Sea between the Don Steppe, the Volga Delta and the Caucasus, and separated from the Crimean Peninsula to the west by the Kerch Strait.
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Left-bank Ukraine
Left-bank Ukraine (translit; translit; Lewobrzeżna Ukraina) is a historic name of the part of Ukraine on the left (East) bank of the Dnieper River, comprising the modern-day oblasts of Chernihiv, Poltava and Sumy as well as the eastern parts of Kiev and Cherkasy.
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List of Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow
This article lists the Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Moscow, spiritual heads of the Russian Orthodox Church, since 1308.
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Magnate
Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus, 'great', designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities.
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Maksym Kryvonis
Maksym Kryvonis ("Crooked-nose", or Perebyinis) (d. 1648) was one of the Cossack leaders of Khmelnytsky Uprising.
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Marcin Kalinowski
Marcin Kalinowski (c. 1605 – 1652) was a Polish magnate and nobleman (szlachcic), Kalinowa coat of arms, Field Crown Hetman.
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Martin Gilbert
Sir Martin John Gilbert (25 October 1936 – 3 February 2015) was a British historian and honorary Fellow of Merton College, University of Oxford.
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Massacre
A massacre is a killing, typically of multiple victims, considered morally unacceptable, especially when perpetrated by a group of political actors against defenseless victims.
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Max Dimont
Max Isaac Dimont (12 August 1912 – 25 March 1992) was a Finnish American historian and author.
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Mikołaj Potocki
Mikołaj "Bearpaw" Potocki (1595 – 20 November 1651) was a Polish nobleman, magnate and Field Crown Hetman of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1637 to 1646, Grand Hetman of the Crown from 1646 to 1651, governor of Bracław Voivodeship from 1636 and from 1646 Castellan of Kraków.
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Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.
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Moldavian Magnate Wars
The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the principality.
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Moldova
Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).
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Mykhailo Krychevsky
Mykhailo Krychevsky or Stanisław Krzyczewski or Krzeczowski (died 3 August 1649) was a Polish noble, military officer and Cossack commander.
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Nathan ben Moses Hannover
Nathan (Nata) ben Moses Hannover (נתן נטע הנובר) was a Ruthenian Jewish historian, Talmudist, and kabbalist; he died, according to Leopold Zunz (Kalender, 5623, p. 18), at Ungarisch-Brod, Moravia, on 14 July 1663.
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Nobility
Nobility is a social class in aristocracy, normally ranked immediately under royalty, that possesses more acknowledged privileges and higher social status than most other classes in a society and with membership thereof typically being hereditary.
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Orest Subtelny
Orest Subtelny (О́рест Субте́льний, 7 May 1941 – 24 July 2016) was a Polish-Canadian historian.
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Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.
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Panegyric
A panegyric is a formal public speech, or (in later use) written verse, delivered in high praise of a person or thing, a generally highly studied and undiscriminating eulogy, not expected to be critical.
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Paramilitary
A paramilitary is a semi-militarized force whose organizational structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but which is not included as part of a state's formal armed forces.
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Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 123 years.
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Paul Robert Magocsi
Paul Robert Magocsi (born January 26, 1945, Englewood, New Jersey, United States) is an American professor of history, political science, and Chair of Ukrainian Studies at the University of Toronto.
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Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or farmer, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees or services to a landlord.
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Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi
Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi (Перея́слав-Хмельни́цький, translit. Pereyáslav-Khmel′nýts′kyi; also referred to as Pereyaslav-Khmelnytskyy) is an ancient city in the Kiev Oblast (province) of central Ukraine, located on the confluence of Alta and Trubizh rivers some south of the nation's capital Kiev.
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Pereyaslav Council
The Pereyaslav Council (Переяславская рада), was an official meeting that convened for ceremonial pledge of allegiance by Cossacks to the Tsar of Muscovy in the town of Pereyaslav (now Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi in central Ukraine) in January 1654.
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Podlaskie Voivodeship
Podlaskie Voivodeship or Podlasie Province (Województwo podlaskie) is a voivodeship (province) in northeastern Poland.
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Podolia
Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).
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Poland
Poland (Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country located in Central Europe.
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Polish Golden Age
The Polish Golden Age refers to the period from the late 15th century Jagiellon Poland to the death of the last of the Jagiellons, Sigismund August in 1572.
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Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, formally the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after 1791 the Commonwealth of Poland, was a dualistic state, a bi-confederation of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch, who was both the King of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania.
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Polish–Lithuanian union
The term Polish–Lithuanian Union refers to a series of acts and alliances between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania that lasted for prolonged periods of time and led to the creation of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth—the "Republic of the Two Nations"—in 1569 and eventually to the creation of a short-lived unitary state in 1791.
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Polkovnik
Polkovnik (lit) is a military rank in Slavic countries and countries in the former Soviet Union mostly which corresponds to a colonel in English-speaking states, and oberst in several German-speaking and Scandinavian countries.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Prince
A prince is a male ruler or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family ranked below a king and above a duke.
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Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising, or insurrection is a refusal of obedience or order.
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Registered Cossacks
Registered Cossacks (Kozacy rejestrowi) comprised special Cossack units of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth army in the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Richard L. Rubenstein
Richard Lowell Rubenstein (born January 8, 1924 in New York City) is an educator in religion and a writer in the American Jewish community, noted particularly for his contributions to Holocaust theology.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russian Orthodox Church
The Russian Orthodox Church (ROC; Rússkaya pravoslávnaya tsérkov), alternatively legally known as the Moscow Patriarchate (Moskóvskiy patriarkhát), is one of the autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches, in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox patriarchates.
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Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
The Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667, also called Thirteen Years' War, First Northern War, War for Ukraine or Russian Deluge (Potop rosyjski, Российский потоп), was a major conflict between Tsardom of Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Ruthenia
Ruthenia (Рѹ́сь (Rus) and Рѹ́сьскаѧ землѧ (Rus'kaya zemlya), Ῥωσία, Rus(s)ia, Ruscia, Ruzzia, Rut(h)enia, Roxolania, Garðaríki) is a proper geographical exonym for Kievan Rus' and other, more local, historical states.
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Ruthenians
Ruthenians and Ruthenes are Latin exonyms which were used in Western Europe for the ancestors of modern East Slavic peoples, Rus' people with Ruthenian Greek Catholic religious background and Orthodox believers which lived outside the Rus'.
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Rzeczpospolita
Rzeczpospolita Polska is a traditional and official name of the Polish State – Rzeczpospolita Polska (Res Publica Poloniae, Republic of Poland).
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Sabbatai Zevi
Sabbatai Zevi (other spellings include Shabbetai Ẓevi, Shabbeṯāy Ṣeḇī, Shabsai Tzvi, and Sabetay Sevi in Turkish) (August 1, 1626 – c. September 17, 1676) was a Sephardic ordained Rabbi, though of Romaniote origin and a kabbalist, active throughout the Ottoman Empire, who claimed to be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
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Second Northern War
The Second Northern War (1655–60, also First or Little Northern War) was fought between Sweden and its adversaries the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1655–60), Russia (1656–58), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657–60), the Habsburg Monarchy (1657–60) and Denmark–Norway (1657–58 and 1658–60).
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Sejm
The Sejm of the Republic of Poland (Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is the lower house of the Polish parliament.
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Shaul Stampfer
Shaul Stampfer (born 1948) is a researcher of East European Jewry specializing in Lithuanian yeshivas, and Jewish demography, migration and education.
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Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia
The Shorter Jewish Encyclopedia (SJE - Краткая еврейская энциклопедия, Kratkaya Yevreyskaya Entsiklopedia) was published in 11 volumes in Jerusalem from 1976 to 2005 in Russian by the Society for Research on Jewish Communities with the support of Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
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Sich
A sich (січ) is a administrative and military centre for Cossacks and especially for the Zaporozhian Cossacks.
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Siege of Zbarazh
The Siege of Zbarazh (Zbaraż, Збараж) was a 1649 battle of the Khmelnytsky Uprising.
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Simon Dubnow
Simon Dubnow (alternatively spelled Dubnov, sʲɪˈmʲɵn ˈmarkəvʲɪtɕ ˈdubnəf; שמעון דובנאָװ, Shimen Dubnov; 10 September 1860 – 8 December 1941) was a Jewish-born Russian historian, writer and activist.
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Slave raiding
Slave raiding is a military raid for the purpose of capturing people and bringing them out of the raid area to serve as slaves.
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Slavery in the Ottoman Empire
Slavery in the Ottoman Empire was a legal and significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and society.
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Society of Jesus
The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.
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Stanisław Koniecpolski
Stanisław Koniecpolski (1591 – 11 March 1646) was a Polish military commander, regarded as one of the most talented and capable in the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Stanisław Lanckoroński (hetman)
Stanisław Lanckoroński (c. 1597-1657) was a Polish–Lithuanian magnate as well as a politician and military commander.
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Starosta
The title of starost or starosta (Cyrillic: старост/а, Latin: capitaneus, Starost, Hauptmann) is a Slavic term that originally referred to the administrator of the assets of a "clan, kindred, extended family".
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Stefan Czarniecki
Stefan Czarniecki of the Łodzia coat of arms (1599 – 16 February 1665) was a Polish nobleman, general and military commander.
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Stefan Potocki (1624–1648)
Stefan Potocki (ca. 1624 – 19 May 1648 near Tawań) was a Polish nobleman, starosta (tenant of the Crown lands) of Niżyn.
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Subotiv
Subotiv (Суботів) is a village (selo) in central Ukraine.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Szlachta
The szlachta (exonym: Nobility) was a legally privileged noble class in the Kingdom of Poland, Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Samogitia (both after Union of Lublin became a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Zaporozhian Host.
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The Battle for God
The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam is a book by best-selling author Karen Armstrong published in 2000 by Knopf/HarperCollins which the New York Times described as "one of the most penetrating, readable, and prescient accounts to date of the rise of the fundamentalist movements in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam".
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The Ruin (Ukrainian history)
The Ruin (translit) is a historical term introduced by the Cossack chronicle writer Samiylo Velychko (1670-1728) for the political situation in Ukrainian history during the second half of 17th century.
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The Trilogy
For the general use of the term "trilogy", see Trilogy. The Trilogy is a series of three novels written by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz.
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Treaty of Bila Tserkva
The Treaty of Bila Tserkva was a peace treaty signed on 28 September 1651, between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ukrainian Cossacks in the aftermath of the Battle of Bila Tserkva.
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Treaty of Hadiach
The Treaty of Hadiach (ugoda hadziacka; гадяцький договір) was a treaty signed on 16 September 1658 in Hadiach (Hadziacz, Hadiacz, Гадяч) between representatives of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (represented by S. Bieniewski and K. Jewłaszewski) and Ukrainian Cossacks (represented by Hetman Ivan Vyhovsky and starshina (sztarszyna, the elders) Yuri Nemyrych, architect of the treaty, and Pavlo Teteria).
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Treaty of Radnot
Treaty of Radnot was a treaty signed during the Second Northern War in Radnot in Transylvania (now Iernut in Romania) on 6 December 1656.
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Treaty of Zboriv
The Treaty of Zboriv was signed on August 17, 1649, after the Battle of Zboriv when the Crown forces of about 25,000 led by king John II Casimir of Poland clashed against a combined force of Ukrainian Cossacks and Crimean Tatars, led by hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and khan İslâm III Giray of Crimea respectively, which numbered about 80,000.
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Truce of Vilna
Truce/Treaty of VilnaRobert I. Frost, After the deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660, Cambridge University Press, 2004,, or Truce/Treaty of Niemieża (Rozejm w Niemieży)Edward Henry Lewinski Corwin, The Political History of Poland, Polish Book Importing Co, 1917, was a treaty signed at Niemieża (modern Nemėžis) near Vilnius (also known as Vilna) on 3 November 1656 between Tsardom of Russia and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, introducing a truce during the Russo-Polish War (1654–67) and an anti-Swedish alliance in the contemporaneous Second Northern War.
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Tsar
Tsar (Old Bulgarian / Old Church Slavonic: ц︢рь or цар, цaрь), also spelled csar, or czar, is a title used to designate East and South Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers of Eastern Europe.
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Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia (Русское царство, Russkoye tsarstvo or Российское царство, Rossiyskoye tsarstvo), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy, was the name of the centralized Russian state from assumption of the title of Tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.
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Tugay Bey
Mirza Tughai Bey, Tuhay Bey (Toğay bey; Tuhaj-bej; Cyrillic: Тугай-бей) sometimes also spelled as Tugai Bey (died June 1651) was a notable military leader and politician of the Crimean Tatars.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Ukraine: A History
Ukraine: A History is a 1988 book on the history of Ukraine written by Orest Subtelny, a professor of history and political science at York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Union of Brest
The Union of Brest, or Union of Brześć, was the 1595-96 decision of the Ruthenian Orthodox Church eparchies (dioceses) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth to break relations with the Eastern Orthodox Church and to enter into communion with, and place itself under the authority of the Pope of Rome.
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Union of Lublin
The Union of Lublin (unia lubelska; Liublino unija) was signed on 1 July 1569, in Lublin, Poland, and created a single state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
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Vassal and tributary states of the Ottoman Empire
Vassal states were a number of tributary or vassal states, usually on the periphery of the Ottoman Empire under suzerainty of the Porte, over which direct control was not established, for various reasons.
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Vilnius
Vilnius (see also other names) is the capital of Lithuania and its largest city, with a population of 574,221.
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Warsaw
Warsaw (Warszawa; see also other names) is the capital and largest city of Poland.
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Władysław IV Vasa
Władysław IV Vasa (Władysław IV Waza; Vladislovas Vaza; r; Vladislaus IV Vasa or Ladislaus IV Vasa; 9 June 1595 – 20 May 1648) was a Polish prince from the Royal House of Vasa.
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With Fire and Sword
With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i mieczem) is a historical novel by the Polish author Henryk Sienkiewicz, published in 1884.
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With Fire and Sword (film)
With Fire and Sword (Ogniem i Mieczem; Вогнем і Мечем, Vohnem i Mechem) is a 1999 Polish historical drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman.
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YIVO
YIVO (Yiddish: ייִוואָ), established in 1925 in Wilno in the Second Polish Republic (now Vilnius, Lithuania) as the Yidisher Visnshaftlekher Institut (Yiddish: ייִדישער װיסנשאַפֿטלעכער אינסטיטוט,, Yiddish Scientific Institute), is an organization that preserves, studies, and teaches the cultural history of Jewish life throughout Eastern Europe, Germany and Russia, as well as orthography, lexicography, and other studies related to Yiddish.
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Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yuri Khmelnytsky (Юрій Хмельницький, Jerzy Chmielnicki, Юрий Хмельницкий) (1641–1685), younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader.
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Zamość
Zamość (Yiddish: זאמאשטש Zamoshtsh) is a city in southeastern Poland, situated in the southern part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about from Lublin, from Warsaw and from the border with Ukraine.
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Zaporizhian Sich
The Zaporozhian Sich or Zaporozhian Sich (Запорозька Січ, Запорізька Січ, Zaporoz'ka Sich, Zaporiz'ka Sich; Sicz Zaporoska; Запорожская Сечь) was a semi-autonomous polity of Cossacks in the 16th to 18th centuries, centred in the region around today's Kakhovka Reservoir spanning the lower Dnieper river in Ukraine.
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Zaporozhian Cossacks
The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host (Військо Запорізьке, Войско Запорожское) or simply Zaporozhians (translit) were Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, the land also known under the historical term Wild Fields in today's Central Ukraine.
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Redirects here:
Chmielnicki Rebellion, Chmielnicki Uprising, Chmielnicki massacres, Chmielnicki rebellion, Chmielnicki uprising, Chmielnicki's Uprising, Cossack-Polish War, Khmelnitsky Uprising, Khmelnysky Uprising, Khmelnytsky Pogrom, Khmelnytsky Rebellion, Khmelnytsky Revolt, Khmelnytsky massacres, Khmelnytsky rebellion, Khmelnytsky uprising, Khmelnytskyi Uprising, Polish-Cossack War, Tach V'Tat, Tach V'tat, Tach VeTat, Tach Vetat, Tach v'Tat, Tach v'tat, Tach veTat, Tach vetat, Ukrainian Revolution of 1648, Ukrainian Revolution of 1648-1657, Ukrainian Revolution of 1648–1657, Ukrainian Revolution of 1657.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising
